NGUdl VIET VA CAC MOI QUAN HE DONG TOC TREN QUE H U O N G M | d MIEN NUI NGUYEN PHtTCiNG T H A O * rUde Cach mang Thang Tam 1945, d cde tinh mien nfli e6 rat it ngffdi Vift (Kinh) sinh sd'ng Phan ldn hp la nhffng ngudi "sa cd Id van" (ngheo ddi, trd'n tranh sUu cao thud' nang eflng cdc hu tuc ldng xa) phai rdi que d ddng bang, chuyin cU le te ldn mien nfli sinh sdng Trong dilu kifn kinh te, giao thdng midn nfli rat khd khan, tUdng quan dan sd' vdi cdc tfc ngUdi tMeu so' ch§nh Ifch ndn nhiJng ngUdi Vidt thudng phai hba vdo cdc cdc eff dan tMeu sd sd tai; md'i quan he vdi nhflng ngffdi dong tdc tUdng ddi md nhat T Ttf cudi nhflng nam 50, dau nhtfng nam 60 trd di, Nhd nudc thuc Men sU dieu chuyen dan eU, lao dgng de phat trien kinh te', mdt bg phan ddng ngUdi Vidt da rdi ddng bang, ehuyen len mien nfli sinh sdng Ngodi so' can bf, edng chtfe lam vifc cae cd quan nhd nUdc, quan ddi vd cdng an thude lUc lugng vu trang; ebn ed sd ddng mdn nam nff di ldp cac ndng, lam trffdng eung mft lugng ldn cac gia dinh ndng ddn ehuyen cU len theo ehu trffdng "Van dgng ddng bao mien xudi di xay dulig va phat trien kinh td' - van hda mien nui" eua CMnh phu ttf nam 1961 Khac vdi trffdc nam 1945, nhflng l i n chuyen cU ndy ngudi Viet di theo lang xom tUdng dd'i dflng dflc, ndn sU phu thuoc vdo cdc tde ngffdi tMlu sd sd tai khdng ldn; ngffge lai, eo didu kidn dl cung cd cae mdi quan he ddng tfc hdn Bdi vidt ndy gidi tMdu mdt sd quan h? xd hdi ddng tdc cua khd'i ndng ddn Vidt kM ttf ddng bang chuyen len mien nui Ba diim d tinh Ha Giang duge chgn de ngMdn cflli Id xa Vinh Phfle (huyfn Bae Quang) - noi tap trung ddng dfle ngudi Viet d xa Xuan Bae (huyfn Xudn Trudng, tinh Nam Dinh) chuyen len nhflng nam 1963 - 1978; thdn My Tan (xa Tan Quang, huyfn Bae Quang) - ndi sinh sd'ng cua ddn xa Nam My (huydn Nam True, tinh Nam Dinh) va thdn Thudn Vi, xa Bach Thudn, (huyen Vu ThU, tMi Thai Binh) ehuyen len nhflhg ndm 1962 1976 va thdn Na Cgn (xa Phfl Linh, huyfn Vi Xuyen) cd ngudi Viet d xa Chdng Sdn, huyfn Thach That, Sdn Tay cfl, thugc Ha Ndi) chuyin Idn ndm 1966 Q u a n h f l a n g g i d n g v a v a q u a n hf l a n g x o m t r e n q u e hifofng mdfi Ngudi Vift rat coi trgng quan hf ldng gieng, vdi phUdng chdm "Hdng xdm t6i lita * NCS Giang vien, Trudng Dai hoc Cong nghifp Ha Nfi ^^^guyin Phucmg Thdo - NgUdi Viet va cdc mdi quan he c 49 tdt den CO nhau", "Ban anh em xa mua nMeu Ngay nay, dfl so' hf lang ban ldng giing gdn" da tang len dang ke, song tuc mdi ea lang KM chuydn cu ldn mien nfli, khudn vien deh du cudi vdn dUge tri eua ngudi Viet dffgc rdng rai hdn ra't nMeu so vdi d que cu; vi the', eac gia dinh it xay "hdng rao kin cong cao tffdng" ma thudng trdng hang rao bang cdy thap, cM de tianh trdu bb xam nhap Dieu khdng cM ehu vi khudn vidn rgng, khdng du kinh pM de xay tUdng gach ma nguydn nhan chinh la dieu kien khuon vien qua rfng, khoang each giffa hai nha lien ke kha xa, nen xay hang rao cay thap de nhin thay nha lang gieng, kM c6 viec tM ggi cho thuan tien (khoang hon chuc nam co difn thoai thay the), kMen tinh cam x6ra gieng than mat hdn Luc cd cong viec ban rfn, ga'p rut, co thd cdy nhd ba hang xdm chiftig nhd ctfa hay giflp dd nhflng cdng vide ddn gian Ne'u viec cffdi, tinh cgng dong lang ban da eao, tM tiong vifc tang, sd dum bpc, giup dd cang dam net hdn KM mgt gia dinh co ngUdi mat, xom gieng, ca lang ddn cMa se, giup dd cdc cdng viec Ngoai tinh lang ngMa xom, ebn eo tinh dong hUdng: ngUdi cung qug cu den tien dffa mgt ngUdi qud hUdng da mat, cMa budn vdi ngUdi cung que mat ngUdi than Quan h f h u y e t t h o n g Rdi que hucfng cu, ngUdi Viet xa cac mdi quan he hg hang d que gdc, nen nhffng trUdng hgp cd anh em hg hang cflng di, ngffdi Viet cang coi trgng, dum bgc ldn Nhffng dau tren qud hffdng mdi day khd khan, tMe'u thdn, anh em hp hdng Ttf tinh lang gieng, md rfng tinh giup dung nha ctfa, ban viec san xuat, lang nghia xom tren que hUdng mdi, cac hd trg nhtfng khd khan, dm dau, D i n quan he t h a m hoi, t a m tinh, tUong trg cf da, nhffng tinh the mdi xuat hien nhU: qu§ cu dugc tri, phat tridn, nhieu kM cai dung vg ga chong, ed ngudi mdt, ngUdi CO sff hba trgn vdi tinh lang gieng cua cae hp CO xich mieh vdi nhiftig ngUdi tdc ngffdi tMeu so' sd tai; hoae eua cac kh6'i thupc hp k h a c luc anh em dbng hg la ngffdi Viet d cac vung qud xen cU vdi nhflng ngudi hd trg dau tien TrUdc nam 1990, phan ldn cac vflng Sau mft thdi gian, ttf mpt sd gia liinh que, nhat la d mien nfli van cbn gitf tue ban dau da phat trien, cMa tach mdt gia dinh lang co ddm effdi, nMeu gia dinh mdi, cac dong hp cdng thudng mdi gan nhff ea ldng, ban vd md ddng due O xa Vinh Phuc, eac dbng hp rfng sang cac lang khac Viec mdi cUdi chu dtfdc hinh tren que hUdng mdi nhu ye'u cae bac cha me di mdi (mdi mieng); hp Nguyen, Vu, Bui, Tran, Ld, Dinh, D6; cac gia dffih lang ban deu den cMa do, ho Nguyen dffdc lap sdm vui, mffng bang vdt cha't (hoac tien), giup ttf nam 1968 Ttf nam 1980 trd di, dong dd cac cdng vifc Tff nam 1990 trd lai day, hg lai dffgc thdnh lap Vai trb cung nhff xud't Mfn thiep mdi; song p h i n ddng edc eac sinh hoat dbng hg ngdy cang dUdc gia dinh lang ban vdn quen nep "mdi khang dinh Cac dbng hp bat dau td chtfc mifng", sd ngffdi dung tMd'p mdi khdng eae sinh hoat chung nhU: gid to dd nhd ve 50 que cfl Hg cd vai trb quan trgng tiong vifc dinh hudng chgn ban ddi eua cdi, kM cd dam cUdi, dai difn dbng hp dtfng ldm cdc thfl tue giao tMep vdi nha gai, nhd trai KM hg CO ngffdi mat, nhflng ngM II diu tidn thudng dbng hg dam nMdm O xa Vinh Phfle, mdi dbng hg cd mdt tidng rieng, kM ed ngUdi mdt, cac ddng hg dem trd'ng dd'n de tien dUa De thd hifn tinh cam vdi ngUdi qud cd, vdi dbng hg, nhflng thdnh vien nff cua mdt hg da "xuat gia" thffdng xin tie'ng tidng hg (dat l l d l dffgc ddng hg dd ddnh trd'ng kM vao phflng vieng) Tuy cdc gia dinh Men da cd ddi song kinh te, vi thd' xa hfi rieng v l cude sd'ng khdng eon qud vdt vd, tMdu thdn, nhung mdi ngffdi van tim thay vai trb efla ddng hg mft nguon lffc tinh t h i n Idn lao de giai quye't cac edng vifc thudng ngdy, nhflng kM ed "cdng to vifc ldn", ca kM vUdng mIc ma ban than khflng the giai quye't dugc Cung y thtfe dtfdc vi tri eua dbng hg, vdi ta'm Ibng "udng nUde nhd ngudn", bidt dn td tien; ddng thdi, dieu kifn kinh te' eho ph6p da giup cho cde dbng hg tren que htfdng mdi lap dugc ede nhd thd td (ttf dudng) O xa Vinh Phue, ddng hg da cd hg xay ttf dUdng Hg Vu cd tdi 75 gia dinh, da ddng gdp xay ttf dudng tai thdn Vinh An Ttf dUdng rdng 75 m^, cM phi xdy dung het 50 trifu ddng Hang nam, dd'n ngdy 15 thdng Ba, ca hg tdp trung ddng du tidn hdnh gid to Hg Le cd 40 hf D i u nam Tdn Mao (2011), dbng hg khanh nha thd Ong Le Quang Ly (sinh nam 1954) trdng coi ttf dudng cho bid't: "Ndm 2011, dbng hg# mua Nghiin citu Ddng Nam A 11/2014 dat de xay dtfng n h a thd hdt 21 trifu ddng, cM pM xdy dtfng hdt 70 trifu Hifn nay, ho Le gdi ngtfdi, dinh 31; gdi di lay chdng rdi v i n cd quydn vgng hg, nhfp ho & que Xudn Bic cung cd tuc If ndy Trdn ddng gdp theo hd, khdng ddng gop theo dinh, ngdy gid td cM Id 13 thang Hai hang nam" Hg Dd cflng la hg ra't ddng, vdi 66 hp, dng D5 Manh Cudng (sinh ndm 1944) lam trudng hg Nam 200 , Dat nha thd ho la eua gia dinh dng Cudng cung td 50m^ Gid hg tid'n hdnh vao ngdy 15 thang Hai hdng nam O xa Tdn Quang, bg phfn ngUdi Viet ehu ydu que gd'c d Nam Dinh, Thdi Binh Sau kM Idn que mdi, cac dbng hg cd kdt vdi khd bdn chat Mdt sd ddng hg ti§u bieu nhu hg Tran, Nguyin, Hodng, Vu, Pham Trong dd, hai hg P h a m vd Nguyin da xdy dung duge nha thd hg KM cae gia 6inh ed edng vifc ldn, vai trb eua ddng hg dugc dd cao Chang han, kM ed tang ma, eUdi xin, vai trb eua dbng hg the Mfn d vifc dtfng bdn bae, phdn edng trdch nMdm cho tflhg thdnh vien hg, van d l kinh te tffhg chu gia dinh dam nMfm Quan h f d o n g hiTcfng Lang cua ngtfdi "Viet la mdt cdng dong vd dia vtfc, cd cd cd'u td chtfc, phong tuc tap quan, tin ngUdng ridng Bdi vfy, tinh cd ket cdng ddng rat cao Tinh cd ket dd tao tam ly ldng va y thtfc v l cdng ddng lang, y thtfc ndy tdn tai r i t dai ding, cdng trd nen sau ndng hdn ddi vdi nhflng ngffcft phai xa que Vi vay, kM mft bd phdn cfng ddng ngtfdi Vidt phai chuydn ctf di n d Nguyin Phuang Thdo - NgUdi Viit vd cdc mdi quan hi ddng tQC khde, hg thudng tim dd'n nhau, tao sU cd ket cua nhtfng ngudi xa qud vd bieu Mdn Id Hdi ddng hudng 2.1 HQI dong hitctng Xuan Vinh Phiic) Vinh (xa Hdi ddng hffdng Xudn Vinh dUde thdnh Idp nam 1978, t r e n cd sd eua Td lao Xudn Vinh (1966) Hfi ddng hffong Xuan Vinh bao gdm nhflng ngudi cung qud xa Xuan Bic va mdt so' dia phtfcfng Ian can nghe theo tieng ggi cda Dang di xay diftig phdt trien kinh te vdn hda midn nfli cimg dinh etf tai xa Vinh Phuc If p ndn Muc dich cua Hdi Id nham dodn kd't ndi bf, dodn ke't vdi cac ddn tfc xa, van dgng mgi t h a n h vidn sd'ng va lam vide theo phdp ludt, chap h a n h cdc nghi quyet chinh sdch cua chinh quydn dia phUdng, cua Dang va Nha nUdc; cung gitf ^n vd phdt huy t h u I n phong my tue cua qud hffdng cu; ludn doan kdt giup dd ca v l tinh t h i n vd vat chat Qua hai khda d i u tien (khda dau 1978 1990, dng Dd Kim Tuyen Idm Hgi trffdng; khda hai ttf 1990 - 1996, dng Vfl Dinh Qud Idm Hdi trudng), hfi ddng hUdng da hodn thdnh xong cdc p h a n vide cd ban nhu kid'n tMdt bd dbn tang mdi, xay nha ddn, sam bg bat phuc vu dam tang, sam ken cMeng trdng, chinh thtfc xm da't stf dung nghia dia aOOOm^ d ban Thuyin Hidn nay, Hgi ddng hUdng Xuan Vinh gom cM hdi, 11 td hfi vd 331 hdi vidn; dd; CM hdi Vinh Gia cd td hfi vdi 66 hdi vidn; CM hdi Vinh Chua cd td hdi vdi 55 hfi vidn; CM hfi Vinh Ban cd td hdi vdi 85 hfi vidn; CM hfi Vinh Xudn cd to hdi vdi 65 hfi vien; CM hfi Vmh Tam ed td hfi vdi 75 hgi vien Ban chlip hanh Hfi 51 ddng huong gdm 12 nguca chia 10 nhdm Chu tieh Hdi la dng T r i n Dtfc Can, Pho ehu tich Nguyin Dtfc Hiin (thdn Vinh Ban) kidm thff 1^ vd thfl qi^, 10 uy vien TrUde ddy, Hdi ddng hUdng hgp Dai hfi ndm mft Iin, ttf nam 2007 Dai hfi nam/1 lan Quy Hdi ddn cd 26 trifu dong, dem eho vay lay lai suit tinh theo gia nhd nUdc, quy dinh cM eho hdi vidn vay KM gia nhfp Hfi, mdi hf ddng 70.000 ddng/ hf dd gop vao quy Cac fly vidn Ban chap hdnh dugc bdi dudng 50.000 ddng vdo budi tdng kd't cud'i nam (thang 3), ngodi khong cd phu cd'p Theo quy dinh cua Hpi dong hUdng Vinh Phfle, ddi vdi vide td chtfe tang ll, mgi ngM thtfe va phong tuc tdp qudn dffgc tidn hanh nhff d qud cu, tff dn mac cua nhflng ngffdi ehiu tang, nhung ngffdi chu II, ngffdi dai difn cho cdc dodn the, dbng hp vao Id; den eae ngM thffc phat tang, kham Udm, phflng vieng, dffa tang Thanh phan han tang le gdm cd: dai dien lanh dao thon, lanh dao dfi sd tai, cM hdi ddng hffdng, ban Hen lac ddng hUdng, dai difn gia dtnh hp Meu ChUcftig trinh tang le ban le tang va gia dinh eflng thoing nha't Le nhap quan gia dinh, hg Me'u va cd sd ehiu trdch nMfm Dich vu nhae tang theo ydu eau va hoan canh tCfiig gia dinh Dich vu tang II thu theo quy dinh cua Hfi dong hutfng Hinh thffc vid'ng bang vdng hoa, btfc etrffdng, mam l l hoac phong bi Id tfly thupc mdi quan he ddi vdi gia dinh hg Meu Tap the vd ca n h a n den vid'ng phai dam bao tu each ngMem tuc va trang trgng Ban lidn lac Hfi ddng hUdng den vid'ng nhu cdc ban ngdnh doan the khac D l tifn cho vifc quan khach thdp phUdng den 52 Nghien ciat Ddng Nam A 1112014 vidng, cMa budn, giflp dd vat chat cho gia den vidng Tuy nMen, & mgt xd mien nfli, dinh, cd the md sd gM tien hoac l l vat each huydn ly den 40 km, vide kidm mdt khde Vifc an udng dam tang phai vbng hoa khong d l dang, nhat la kM ngUdi thUe hanh tiet kifm Dd'i tugng an udng ma't dot xuat, ndn ngUdi Vinh Phue dd thude vao tinh cam gia dinh vd khdch sang tao vbng hoa phu hgp vdi dieu Hdi ddng hUdng quy dinh kM eo dam tang, kifn eua minh Tai ddm tang dng Dd Xudn b i t bugc rali hd ddng hffdng it nha't phai Lam (thdn Vinh Gia, smh nam 1949) cd mft ngUdi dU l l dUa tang; xda bo tuc If 01 - 01 - 2013, ehung tdi dff vd tan vd 100 ngay, khflng bay dat mdi gpi mat tha'y vong hoa Cac v i n h eua vdng rUdm Nd'u ed hai dam tang xay cung hoa dUdc ldm bang cac eanh cay van tue, mft ngdy tM mat trUdc dUa trffdc, mat roi ghep cdc loai la khde lam ndn va ken sau dffa sau, hoae thude vao dieu kien cac loai hoa dUdc, cue ed vUdn, ddn ddc bift ma tien hanh cho dung thfl tuc Vl gian nhung vSn trang trgng mai tang tri huyet phai tuan theo quy 2.2 Hgi dong hitcfng xa Tan Quang hoach vd hudng ddn efla quan trang Ve Xa Tan Quang bao gdm hai Hfi ddng xdy mf p h i n phai theo kich thUde quy hUdng theo que gd'c: Thai Binh va Nam dinh cua Hfi dong hffdng Vide cai tang cM Dinh Hdi ddng htfcftig cua Thdi Binh bao dugc thffe Men vdo thdi gian ttf thang Mffdi gdm bf phan ngUdi Vift d thdn My Tan, de'n thdng Chap Sau eai tdng phai thu Muc Lan va Tan Tie'n (moi thdn lap thdnh dgn saeh se ggn gdng vd lap 15 huyet bang mdt cM hdi); Hdi ddng hffcftig Nam Dinh phing, khdng thffe Mfn se hi phat theo bao gdm ngffdi "N^ft eua toan xa quy dinh cfla Hfi dong hUdng Hfi ddng huong Thdi Binh d Tan Quang Nhd CO Hdi ddng hUdng, cdc phong tue dng Nguyin Van Khoa (thdn My Tan) tap quan d que cu, nhdt la tang ma duge lam hfi trffdng Tdn cM mue dich cfla hfi giff gin, bao lUff Mdt sd' nghi II rffdm ra, la dodn ket, gitf gin ban sac que hffdng, khflng cbn phu hgp da dffgc Ioai bo Chang dpng vien chdu hgc hanh, tM dua lao han nhu dam Meu dugc giam phan tie'p dfng san xua't khdch gan Cac co tue pMen toai nhff ngam khan di Ifli de ddn lang, day rdm gay tang, thay ba te' Id dffgc bd h i n , viee eflng l l tam nhat cung dugc bd han cH to chtfc dbng hg vd gia dinh Hau nhu ta't ea mgi gia dinh eo nhu eiu ddu nhd Hfi lo viee tang le, vtfa dam bao sU trang trgng, moi thu tuc ddu rat gian tidn Nghia dia bat diu dUdc quy hoach theo hang ldi, da't chffa stf dung dugc cho thue nhdp quy Ve quy che', mdi thdnh vien kM vao hpi dong gop 50.000 dong, sd' tien cho vay lay lai KM ed ngudi qua ddi, trich quy mua vbng hoa, ngoai mdi hf ebn dong gop them 20.000 ddng cho tang ehu; kM cd ngffdi d'm dau trich mdt sd' tien quy d l tham hoi (can dffdng, hdp stfa); trieh quy khen thudng cho cae hgc sinh gioi; mung 10 thdng Gieng hang nam td chtfc btfa an hgp mat cae thdnh vien Hdi ddng hUdng Ngdy nay, nMlu net mdi to chtfc tang le xuat Mfn, nhu dflng vdng hoa kM Trong Hdi cd mdt trudng hdi, mdt kd toan, mft thu quy; ed cM hfi Cac Nguyin Phuong Thdo - Ngudi Viet vd cdc mdi quan he dong tdc vidn ntf ngffdi Hfi lay nam gidi la ngffdi thidu so', tM cae hf re nd'u cd nhu cau vdn dffdc kd't nap vao Hdi KM phat trien tach hd thdm k h i u mdi phai bdo vd nop quy; hfi vien ehuyen di ndi khac dffgc tra lai vdn ddng gdp ban diu Hdi ddng hUdng Nam Dinh d xa Tan Quang Ifp ttf nam 2007, Sng Vu Xudn Ben (sinh ndm 1952) lam Hfi trUdng Hfi bao gdm 71 hp gia dinh, la ngUdi Viet d toan xa Cde quy che', dieu If cija Hdi da eo van ban rd rdng, eu the Trong do, quy dinh cdc thdnh vidn kM tham gia nhdp hfi phdi ddng gdp 300.000 ddng (thdi diem nam 2014) So tidn ndy dugc huy ddng d l cho cae vidn Hpi gap khd khdn vay theo lugt, lai suit theo thoa thuan (thudng la 10%/nam), thdi ban mdt nam Ngoai khoan quy ehung ddng gop ban dau, Hdi cdn cd quy dinh ro rang ve vide thdnh lap mft so loai quy va ehi dung vao cae edng vifc khde: - Quy khuye'n hgc: mdi hdi vien ddng gdp 10.000 dong/ nam; sd tidn dugc ddnh de cM cho chau cua eac hfi vien dd dai hgc, dat hgc sinh gidi ttf cap huyfn trd len; mdi mon qua tang tri gia 200.000 ddng/ hgc sinh - Quy mflng thg: edc cu ttf 70 tudi trd len dtfdc trao giay chflng n h a n cfla Hdi ngUdi cao tudi va mdn qua bang tien mat tri gid tdi tMdu 100.000 ddng/ngUdi - Quy tang l l ; mdi nam ddng gdp 50.000 ddng; kM cd ngudi qua ddi, trich quy de mua vbng hoa, btfc chtfdng va phung vid'ng, ngodi md'i quan hf cua cac hfi vien - Mdi hfi vien ddng gdp ttf 50.000 - 53 80.000 ddng/ nam de td chffc btfa an lien hoan hgp mat eac thdnh vien, dien vao 20 thdng Gieng Tai thdn My Tdn, thdng 10 nam 2013, lap Hdi ddng htfdng Nam Dinh eua thdn Hdi bao gom 31 hg thdnh vien, la nhffng ngffdi cd gd'c d xa Nam My, huyen Nam True, tinh Nam Dinh Muc dich cfla Hdi la doan ket, xay dUng ldi sd'ng laiih manh; chap hanh mpi chfl trUdng chinh sach eua Dang vd Nhd nffdc; chdm lo, giflp dd lao dfng san xuat; thdm hdi luc d'm dau hoan nan Hien nay, Ban chap hdnh bao gdm vidn: dng Hodng Vdn An (sinh ndm 1958) lam Hgi trffdng; ngoai ra, ed mdt Hfi phd, mdt kd' todn, mft thfl quy va mgt hfi vidn KM nhap Hdi, mdi thdnh vien dong gdp 100.000 ddng vao quy Hdi; 20.000 dong vao quy tham hoi dm dau Hifn nay, quy Hfi eo 3.100.000 ddng tri lam quy gd'c, eho cac vidn Hdi c6 nhu cau vay, lai suit 10%/ndm, thdi han mdt nam Ngdy 10 thdng Mffdi hang nam, hgp tdng kd't va to chtfe lidn hoan Khi cd mft hfi vien qua ddi, mfli hd vidn ddng gdp 40.000 dong, trich tien mua hoa, btfc chffdng, sd' tiln cbn lai phung vieng Ngoai ra, tfly md'i quan hf cua eac thdnh vien Hfi vdi gia dinh tang chu md phflng vieng 2.3 Hgi dong hUrfng xa Chdng S(fn Hdi ddng hffdng Chdng Sdn tai Ha Giang cd 162 hd d ta't ca cac xa tren dia bdn huyen Vi Xuyen, phd Hd Giang va mdt so' huyen phu can Thanh vien la cdc hd gia (Snh da d rieng, trUdc day mdi 54 hf kM vdo hfi ddng gdp 200.000 ddng; ttf ndm 2014, mdi hf ddng gdp tang ldn 500.000 dong, nhtfng hd da gia nhdp ttf trtfdc eflng phai ddng gop th§m eho du sd tiln trdn; sd tien ndy gitf Idm quy gde d l eho eae hdi vien vay, lai suit 20%/ndm thdi han ttf - nam Hang ndm, trieh tidn lai thu dtfge d l mua lich, td chtfc btfa an btfa lien hoan vao ngdy 20 thang Gilng; du ban ddn may, cde gia ^ n h van cd thu xd'p ve dU budi gap mat de hdn huySn, trao ddi vd giflp dd KM mdt vidn Hfi qua ddi, gia dinh tang chfl phai thdng bdo vdi Ban chip hdnh, eac cum vd cac gia dinh Hfi vien de ddn cMa budn va to chtfc dam tang theo dflng ngM thtfc cfla que eu Mdi gia ^ n h gdp thdm 50.000 ddng de giflp dd tang ehfl Ngoai ra, tfly theo tinh cam vdi gia dinh tang chu ma edc hfi vidn lam ll phung vid'ng Hfi chUa eo quy Udc bang van ban, nhung da ed Idi nguyen truyen ttf ldp tudi gia xudng ldp ngUdi tre: ngtfdi Chdng Sdn sd'ng chet phai eo nhau, du hflm e6 the ddnh stft dau me chan, nhtfng ngdy mai cd chuyf n mat mat van phai dd'n vdi Hifn nay, Hdi eo mdt Chu tich va ndm td hfi vidn Moi to hdi b i u mot td trtfdng CO traeh nMdm Kdn lac va thdng bao eho eae thdnh vien td, hoat ddng hodn toan tren ed chd tu nguyen, khdng cd phu cap ridng Sau kM chuyen cU ttf vung ddng b i n g len miin nui, trffdc hodn eanh ddi sd'ng ebn nMeu khd khdn, ngffdi Vift da lap cac Hfi ddng htfdng d k h i p dia bdn eae huyfn vflng tha'p tinh Ha Giang n h i m muc dich cUu mang, dum bgc Ian nhau; cung giflp dd Nghien ciht Ddng Nam A 11/2014 lao ddng vd san xud't; gdp phin gin gitf va bao luu ban sac vdn hoa truyin thd'ng cua qud cu D u y tri m6'i q u a n h $ v o l qud c u va k h a n g d i n h s i n h s6ng l a u dai tren quS hi:tdng m c l Thdi ky d i u sau kM rdi que hUdng di khai hoang ldp ngMfp, dUdng sa xa x6i, phUdng tidn giao thdng khdng thuan Igi ndn vide trd ve t h a m ba que cfl he't stfe ^tho khan Nhflng n a m diu thap mdn 60, dffdng Qude Id sd ebn dang Id dffdng d p phd'i, cay ed mgc um tflm hai ben dffdng Doan dffdng tff huydn Hdm Ydn, tinh Tuydn Quang ldn tdi thi xa Hd Giang phin ldn mft bdn la sdng Lo, ben Id nui rtfng, hUdu nai, ran rd't nMlu vd ke NgUdi Vift mud'n ve t h a m qud cu, phai trai qua mft chuyeh di kha dai day vat va Sau kM xe'p hdng mua vd m i t ttf 2-3 ngay, thfm cM ebn hdn the' d Ben d td so 1, di ttf Hd Giang v l bdn xe Tuydn Quang Iai "an chtfc n i m chd" xdp hang md't may ngdy ntfa de mua ve mdi ve tdi Ben Ntfa - Long Bi§n (ngay d khu vUc bdn xe bus Yen Phu, Hd Ndi) Ve thudng cM UU tidn eho thUdng binh vd ngffdi gia nen nMeu ngUdi khdng t h i mua dugc ve, khdng du kiSn nhdn xep hdng, phai bo gitfa chtfng Ngtfdi \nidt d xa Vinh Phue phai di xe dap hode di bf hdn 100km dd tdi thi xa mua ve, sau theo xe v l tdi nga ba Vinh Tuy don ngffdi thdn cung di Ngffdi Chang Son d thdn Nd Cgn phai di bd theo eon dffdng mdn thi xd mua vd, chuydn di cd kM kdo dai ldn tdi bdy ngdy dem mdi ve ddn qud cu Trffdng hdp dng Nguyin Vdn Cffdng (sinh ndm 1933), khdng du dieu kifn mua vd xe Nguyen Phucmg Thdo - Ngudi Vi$t vd cdc mdi quan he dong t^c khaeh, dd ed thd ve Nam Dinh thdm ngffdi nhd, da phai dap xe trai qua ehfng dUdng ddi ngdy dem Qud trinh di lai khd khan gian khd nhu vdy, ndn phan ddng ngUdi Vift sau kM len que mdi rat Mem vd tham qud cu TrUdng hgp bd Nguyin TM Sen (sinh ndm 1919) d thdn Vinh Ban xa Vinh Phue la vi du dien Mnh; rdi Nam Dinh ttf nam 1963, den nam 1967 mdi ve tham qud mpt lin Ndm 1969, kM me m i t d que, bd cung khdng the vl chiu tang vi ly dieu kifn kinh te' khd k h a n va giao thdng khdng thufn ldi 55 ldp ngudi sinh d que mdi deu xae dinh ddy la ndi sinh sd'ng Idu dai, nen nhin ehung it ed xu hudng quay ve qud cu Bdi le, ngudi Vift da g i n bo vdi qud mdi va eoi dd mdi ehinh la qud huong cua minh TrUdng hgp gia dinh eu Dd Kim Tuyen (smh nam 1920, xa Vflih Phfle), trffdc ddy tflng la Chu tich xa Xuan Bac, kM ed chu trffdng phat ddng di khai hoang, cu da xung phong dffa ddn len Ha Giang Gia dinh eu cd ngffdi eon diu da yen tam sd'ng, Idm vifc d Ha Giang Hidn nay, du cde eon cai cua dng Tuyin da trffdng thdnh, cff tru tai nhflng ndi khac nhau; song, dd'n ngdy Id tdt, Ndm 1972, dtfdng difn 302, 304 mdi gid chap, chdu van coi xa Vinh Phflc dtfdc nd'i dd'n thi xa Hd Giang Con dudng mdi chinh Id qu§ hffdng eua imnh, nen deu Qudc If sd' da dffde ndng cap ttf dtfdng d p ve ddy tham cha me, anh em, hg hang phd'i Idn dtfdng nhtfa Mdc dfl vay, dtfdng di Trffdng hdp cu PM Ba Hidn (sinh nam vdn ebn nhd, nMeu gd, tre ntfa, lau say 1920), dUa ca gia dinh gom vg vd ngUdi moc um tflm hai bdn dUdng, hai d td mud'n eon (4 trai, gai) ldn thdn Na Cgn, xa Phfl , trdnh phai r i t khd khdn Thdi didm Linh nam 1966 Sau kM ldn qud hffdng ndy ngudi \ ^ e t v i n chUa thUdng xuyen vl mdi, nhCftig ngffdi eon trffdng thdnh va lap thdm que htfdng dugc gia dinh ridng KM cu PM Ba Hien mat, Ttf nam 1990 trd di, giao thdng thudn lgi, ngtfdi Xuan B i c d xa Vinh Phuc thudng xuydn di ve de thdm qud eu Cd nhtfng trudng hgp di lai de budn bdn nhd le mdt sd mat hdng nhU ba Nu (thdn Vinh Xuan) thtfdng Miyen mang cam, mang ve que bdn, sau dd mang non, tMnh, nem ttf qud cfl ldn Vinh Phuc de ban; hay trtfdng hgp bd Diu (thdn Vinh Ban) cung dem lac, cam ve que cu vtfa dd ldm qud, vtfa d l trao doi nhd le Sau kM ldn qud mdi lap ngMfp, nhflhg ldp chdu sinh d qud mdi nhin chung it lidn hf vdi qud cu, mac du ddn thdi diem Men tai, v i n cbn a n h em hg hang d que cfl Ca thd he nhOng ngudi sinh d que cu vd chau van tie'p tue sinh sding trdn qud hffdng mdi, phung dudng me gid Hang nam, ddn gid eu Hien, tat ea chdu tap trung tai nhd dng PM Ba Tuydn (eon ca) dd Idm gid Rieng den gi§ flng (bd cu Hien), ed nam ehau ve Chang Sdn td chtfc gid, nam ndo khdng v l dtfdc v i n tien hanh cflng cdm d que hucmg mdi Kdt lu^n Ttf que cu len qud mdi, vdi rat nMeu khd khdn tMdu thd'n, bd ngd, xdy dung cufc sdng ban diu, cac cfng ddng cU ddn ^^ft dd on dinh cugc sd'ng phai nhd sU giup dd dflm bgc cua cac tdc ngtfdi tMeu sd sd tai Ddy la ed sd de Mnh thdnh md'i quan hf tot dep Nghiin ciai Ddng Nam A 11/2014 56 gitfa ngtfdi Viet vdi cae tde ngUdi tMeu sd', the hifn d vifc chung sd'ng hba thudn, hgc hoi nhflng kinh ngMem san xuat, kinh ngMfm sdng d mien nfli, tidp thu mdt sd phong tuc, cao hdn la tuc nhan nudi, ket tdng, tham gia hdi phe Len mien nfli, ngUdi Viet khong cbn mo'i quan hf xdm gieng d que cu, ngUdi Viet phai lap them eae md'i quan hf ldng gieng mdi: vdi nhflng ngudi cung qud (Vinh Phfle), hoae khae que (My Tan); tri, phdt tridn cac md'i quan he hg hang, t h i Men eao nha't la tri gio hp, lap cac nhd thd hg; cung cd quan he gitfa nhflng ngffdi eflng que, dinh cao la hdi dong hffdng KM co dieu kien md ra, tang cudng md'i quan he vdi que cu Rdi que cu len que mdi, ngUdi Viet xac dinh se song lau dai d manh dat mdi nay; cdc the he sinh trdn que hUdng mdi diu coi day Id ndi "chdn rau eat rdn, que cha dat td" va gan bd vdi nd; phan ldn cdc gia dinh, du cfl ngudi di thoat U, song hang nam dd'n Id tdt, gi§ chap vdn quay ve dl Idm tron bdn phfn eua ngUdi eon, ngUdi ehdu Ttf nhung kMa canh duge dl edp tren, CO the khing dinh mdt nhiJttig dac tinh cua ngUdi \n.f t dd chinh la tinh nhanh chdng tMch ngM vdi mdi trffdng sdng mdi, tMch nghi dd phat tridn, hda dong./ Bui Xuan Dinh (Chfl bien, 2009), Vai trb cda ngudi Viet su phdt trien bin vUng vdng Bong Bdc, Bao cdo dl tdi d p bf, Iuu tai Thu vien Vifn Ddn tfc hoc Pierre Gourou (2003), NgUcd nong ddn chdu thd Bdc Ky, bdn dich Hoi Khoa hpc lich sfl Vift Nam, Vien Viln Dong Bic cd, Nxb Tre thdnh ph6' H6 Chi Minh Ta Long, Ngo Tlii Chinh (2000), Su bien dSi nen nong nghiep chdu tho Thdi Binh d vung Bien Bien Lai Chdu, Nxb NQng nghiep Ta Long, Ngo Thj Chinh (2003), Bien dSi mdt trudng cua he nh&n vdn d Bien BiSn, Lai Chdu, Nxb KHXH, Hd Nfi Ta Thi Tdm (2008), Vai tro cda ngudi Viet phdt trien miin ndi (TrUdng hap xd Quy San, huyen Luc Ngan, tinh Bdc Giang), Luan van tdp sU, luu tai Thu viln Vifn Dan tgc hpc Vuong Xuan Tinh - Tran Hdng Hanh (Ding Chu bien, 2012) Phdt triin ben vOng vdn hoa tdc ngudi qud trinh hgi nhgp d vdng Bong Bdc, Nxb KHXH, Hd Nfi Nguyin Cong Thdo (2000), NgUdi Viet cdng dong cdc tgc ngUdi d t/ii trdn Phong, Tlio, huyen Phong ThS, tinh Lai Chdu, Ludn vdn tap sU, lUu tai ThU vifn Vifn Dan toe hoc, ky Meu TL 244 Tran Thi Hong Ydn (2011), "Cdc dgng thitc Ung xd vd thich nghi cda ngudi Viet d dd thi mien ndi" (TrUdng hgp huySn Quynh Nhai, tinh San La) Tgp chi Ddn tgc hgc, sd 6, tr 23 - 29 n Tid'ng Anh TAI LIEU THAM KHAO I Tid'ng Vift Phan Dai Doan (1999), "Co sfl kinh td va the che tfing phap cfla dong ho ngUdi Vift", Tap chi Ddn toe hgc, sd (103), tr 3-9 10 Andrew Hardy (2003), Red Hills: Mitgant and the Sate in the Highlands of Vietnam,Copenhagen/ Honolulu 11 Mats Lundbberg (2004) Kinh Settlers in Vietnam's Northern Highlands Natural Resources Management in a Cultural Context, Nordic Institute of Asian Studies Press/ Hawai University ... trgng mai tang tri huyet phai tuan theo quy 2.2 Hgi dong hitcfng xa Tan Quang hoach vd hudng ddn efla quan trang Ve Xa Tan Quang bao gdm hai Hfi ddng xdy mf p h i n phai theo kich thUde quy hUdng... cbn mo'i quan hf xdm gieng d que cu, ngUdi Viet phai lap them eae md'i quan hf ldng gieng mdi: vdi nhflng ngudi cung qud (Vinh Phfle), hoae khae que (My Tan); tri, phdt tridn cac md'i quan he... qud hUdng da mat, cMa budn vdi ngUdi cung que mat ngUdi than Quan h f h u y e t t h o n g Rdi que hucfng cu, ngUdi Viet xa cac mdi quan he hg hang d que gdc, nen nhffng trUdng hgp cd anh em hg