Tìm hiểu về công trạng vinh quốc công hoàng đình ái qua văn bia thần đạo

TIM HIEU VE CONG TRANG VINH QUOC CONG HOANG DINHAI QUA VAN BIA T H A N DAO NGUYEN VAN HAl'*' Tom ldt: Bai bao neu rfi ngufin gic cua van bia thdn dgo vl Qufic cong Hoang Dinh Ai da duyc phat hifin, ttt lam can ctt tim hieu cac tai lieu co lien quan khao chttng, doi chieu chinh xdc cua van ban Ttt noi dung vdn bia, bai viet dua mfit sfi nhdn xet ve hinh thttc ket cau van ban, thii phdp stt dung vdn thl van bia, dfing thai ly gidi sy mau thuan cac thong tin vl tdc gid soan van bia so vcri chinh stt ghi chep va sy sai ISch vl nien d^i ghi ttong lac khodn van bia Thfing qua npi dung van bia, bdi vilt neu ro gia fri tu Ii§u ciia van bia dli vdi vifc nghien cttu ljch stt, van hgc, dac biet la nghien cttu ve gia the, gia that, cfing lao hdnh ttang ciia Thai Tl, Vinh Qufic cfing Hoang Dinh Ai, ma cdc bg stt ghi khuyet thieu Tir khda: Van bia, than dao, Hoang Dinh Ai Abstract: This paper is about the origin of a Stella text about Quoc Cong Hoang Dinh Ai, which was discovered some time ago and is now used as a basis for the study of related documents, in the hope that we would determine the level of exactness ofthe text Basing on the content of the text, the author of this paper would like to suggest the text structure, the skill ofthe author's style in his Stella text, and the differences between the content ofthe text and that recorded in the official history, as well as the diversity about the date ofthe events given in the text The paper also reminds of the informative values of the Stella texts in the study of history, literature esspecially family biography, and the contribution of Thai Te, Vinh Quoc Cong Hoang Dinh Ai, which is not fully recorded so far At the end ofthe paper is the full version ofthe Stella text Keywords: Van bia, than dao, Hoang Dinh Ai L du nay, tim hifiu ve lai lich tieu stt, cong lao hdnh tt^g ctta Thai tfi Vinh Quoc cong Hodng Dinh Ai, mpt danh thdn duoi ttilu Lfi Trung hung, thuong dya vao stt lieu cac bo chinh stt Vifit Nam ghi chep nhu: Dgi Viet su ky lodn tku, Lich triiu kiin ehuong logi cki, Kkdm dink Viet su tkdng gidm euang myc The nhung, mdi chi moi dttng lai fir vific ghi chep mot each 72 tfing quat, torn luoc, mfit sfi difim nhu: gia thfi, gia that, cfing trang cy the ctta ong ttong qua trinh binh dinh nhd Mac ciing nhu chtte vy dugrc phdn cfing sau trung nhd Lfi van chua dugfC sang to Trong gia phd hg Hodng Dinh"*, chttng tfii phat hien co nguyfin vdn ngi dung ctta bai vdn bia ***NCS Hpc vien Ngfin ngtt vd Van hpc Trung Quoc, Trirttng D^i hpc Ho Nam TiM HIEU VE CONG TR^NG VINH QUOC CONG "thdn dao minh bi" ghi chep y& lai lich tifiu stt, cfing trang ctta fing Rdt tific hifin vdn bia hifin vdtfirdja phuong da bi thdt lac*^*; dfi co co so khdo chttng vl chinh xdc cua van bdn, chttng toi dd tifin hdnh difiu tta cdc ngufin tai lieu co lien quan va da phdt hifin bai van bia cung dugrc chep nguyen van ba tap sach, Iii?n dang duoc luu gitt tai Vien Nghifin cttu Hdn Nfim - Ha Noi: VTnk Lgc hi^en chi ^^^.ik, la ciia tac gia Tri huy?n Luu Cfing Dao bien tap nam Gia Long thtt 15 (1816) Vdih Lgc phong tkd chi ^^M^i^iki, bien tap ndm Tu Due thu 14 (1867) vd Tkanh Hod tinh VTnh Lgc huyin chi i#-ffc-%j3ci^.^.i^ bien tap nam Duy Tan thu (1911 i^\ Dfii ciiieu gitta ede vdn ban chfip thdy deu ghi thong nhat, it eo su sai lech, chi CO mot so thong tin thifiu thong nhat voi tdi li^u chinh stt nhu nhu tdc gia soan, nifin dai dung bia Do vdy chttng toi tfing hop Iy giai timg Itnh vyc, ttt gioi thifiu toan van noi dung bai van bia Ve ket cau van ban Bai van bia dugc vifit theo phuang phap truyen thong, truoc la bai "ky" sau Id bdi "minh" Bai ky dimg ttie tan vdn xen lin bifin vdn, bai minh dugre vifit vdn v ^ chtt Hanh van bo eye mych IEIC rfi rang, van viet gidn phac eo dgng, dung dien chuan mye xac dang, giau tinh cam, to ro ngutti soan co kien thttc qudng bdc, co trinh Nho hge rat tham hyu Ve tac gia soain bai van bia Cdc tdi lieu chinh stt deu ghi chep: "Nam Hodng Dinh thtt (1607), Hoang Dinh Ai mdt, thg 81 tuoi Ong la nguoi CO hgc thttc, thong hieu binh phdp, cdm quan nghiem hie Bfin ttong thi gittp vfi muu mfi, bfin ngodi thi theo di danh dep, ty minh ttai qua may ttam tran danh, toi dau dugc do, Iam ca tuong vo, tufirng van, [doi vai nguori] khfing phan bifit thu bac uy quyen, uu dai si phu, gitt gin phep Moi nguoi deu khen Id gifii Trieu dinh truy tang Binh chuong sy, Nha Mau NghTa cong, ban tfin thuy la Hau Dttc Cho tang sach Van Lung huyen Thach Thanh, lay dan 10 xd ldm tao Ie Vua sai Ta Thi lang Bg Lfi Id Nguyfin Le soan bai bia than dao dfi ghi l£ii cfing lao ciia ong ''*' Theo cdc tai lieu chinh stt thi tae gia bdi vdn bia thdn 6.Z.0 Id Nguyfin Le, nhung ttfin thyc tfi qua 04 vdn ban chttng tfii khdo cttu, nguoi soan bai van bia Id Tifin sT Ngfi Tri Hoa Ngi dung lac khodn dfiu ghi: f^^Jk^i^'-k ^ ^ ^ / T t t Nham Thin khoa Tiln sT xudt than Hdn Iam Thtta chi Dong cac Dai hpe sT Dflng Thanh Ly Trai Ngo Tri Hoa soan/ Ngo Tri Hoa nguai xa Ly Trai huyfin Dfing Thanh dfi Tifin si xuat than khoa Nhdm Thin (1592), Iam q u ^ chtte Han Iam vifin Thtta chi, Dong cdc Dai hgc sT s o ^ ) Vay lieu co thfi sau Hodng Dinh Ai mat lai dugc lap 02 van bia thdn dao? Difiu khfi co the xay ra, boi van bia than dao co ngufin gfic tu Trung Qufic, no la mgt ttong thfi Ioai ctta bia mg; chtte ndng Idy vice ca nggi cfing lao, tung ducmg dttc nghifip nguoi ^ khuat lam chinh Xet quan ehe nha Duong, quan chtte ttt ngu pham trfir len moi dugc soan I$p bia thdn dao, dfin trifiu nha Muih thay dfii, quan chtte ham ttt tam phdm tto Ifin m6i dugc dttng'^l Hon nua, tiieo quan ni?m ctta cdc nha phong tiitty co Trung Quoc eho rang, huong Dfing Nam eiia NGUYEN VAN HAI Ti^P CHI HAN NOM SO (140) - 2017 phdn mg la thdn dao, dung bia tren than 6a.o nfin ggi Id # i i ^ thdn dgo bf^\ Trong lieh stt Trung Qufic vd Viet Nam, chttng toi chua tim tiidy mgt nhdn vat ndo sau mdt duge lap hai van bia thdn dao, CO ehdng chi thdy xudt hifin mOt so nhdn v|it CO ca bia mg vd bia thdn dao Cung tiieo lac khodn vdn bia ghi chep, ttt que qudn dfin khoa thi, chtte vi dfiu thong nhdt Ngfi Tri Hoa nguai xd Ly Trai huyen Dong Thanh, Tifin si khoa Nham Thm nifin hieu Quang Hung tiitt 12 (1592) Khoa tiii cha Ngo Tri Hoa Id Ngfi Tri Tri cung dfi Tifin sT va tto' nhdn vat ddu tifin ttong lich stt Viet Nam hai cha thi dfi dfing khoa Hon thl ntta dpe ngi dung phdn ty sy van bia, chiing tfii thdy nguoi soan van da nghifin euu rat ky vfi dong hg Hodng Dinh Ai, ttt ghi chep mfit edeh ey thfi ttt cy Hifin tfi dfin cac ehdu Phai chdng dugc ctt vl nhdn chuc Ky lyc tgi Thanh Hfia, Ngfi Tri Hoa cung da eo difiu kifin nghifin cttu giao luu tim hifiu gia thfi, Hodng Dinh Ai von Id eon nha cdu voi chtta Trinh V l van de nien d^i ghi vSn bia Tai li^u chinh stt diu thfing nhdt ghi Hoang Dinh Ai mat 15 thdng 12 nifin hifin Hodng Djnh thtt (1607) hucmg thg 81 tuoi Trong phan npi dung van bia cung thay ghi triing khop v6i tai lieu ehinh stt, hon ntta ghi ro 1^ fing bi cam mat d Kinh su Nhung khfing ro tai a phan lac khoan van bia, vdn ban lai ghi la thang nien hifiu Hodng Djnh thtt (1606) Theo ehung toi Igc khoan ghi ndm Hodng Dinh thtt (1606) soan ldp vdn bia, Iuc ong dang song, vific khfing thl xay Chiing toi cho rdng day co Ie Id nguoi chep nham Van de gia t h l Trong npi dung vdn bia cung edp cho chttng ta bilt ro ngabn g6c ctta fing md cac tdi lieu chinh stt it de cap den Ong von nguoi xa Bi?n Thugng huyfin VTnh Phttc'^' Ong nfii dugc ban tang Dac tifin Kim ttt Vinh 16c Dai phu, chtte Thai bdo, tuoc Thjnh Qufic eong Bd ngi dugc tang Id Phu nhan Cha dugc ban t^ng Dac tien Kim ttt Vinh Ige Dai phu, ehue Thai phfi, tu6c Nghiem Qudn cfing M? dugc tdng la Quan phu nhan, dfiu la dong phtte thifin ttt truoc, tich dttc dfi phtte cho eon chau sau ndy Ong sinh Dmh Thai'^' (con co ten la Cuong Bdo), giu chtte Quyfin luge Cfing thdn, Chuong ve su, tuoc Luong Quan cfing Con ttai la Phue, gitt chtte Tan trj cong thdn, Dae tifin Phu quoc Thugng tudng quan Dien tifin, Dfing qudn Dfi dfic phtt, Huu Dfi ddc, tuoc Cfing Qudn cfing Con gai lay quan Hiep muu Uy diing eong thdn Nam quan Dfi doc phu, Dfi dfic Thifim sy, tuoc Quan cong Con chau ctta ong dong dttc, hp hang tfing tOc ngdy mOt sum xue, cong lao noi ro, dugc thtta huomg tuac Ige, tri hufirng cang trung trinh, diu nho vdo on phue ldn ctta ong de 1^ Ve hanh trsing Hoang Dinh Ai Van bia ghi chep khd chi tifit ve cfing lao hdnh ttang ctta flng, phan ddu thuylt ly - duyfin khoi tdc gia dd sy dyng diln tieh Thifiu Khang*^' eo cfing dfic long td, phyc dugc dao nhd Ha Ld C6ng"V"P Tuyen Vuong'"' ttong gide Ttt Di xdm ldn, lai ttan dugc cuong thufirng nha Chu TiM HIEU VE C N G TltjiNG VINH QUOC CONG de I t a ca s6 ly luan, so sanh, dan dat vSn d^ vao pMn noi dung tu su Phan tu sif ghi ro chlic tuac cua ong duyc ban: Suy trang Djic vfin, Hi6p mim D6ng diic, Kiet tift Tuy8n luc c6ng than, Dac ti6n Khai phu, Kim tur Vinh loc Dai phu, Dong binh chuang su, Tham du triSu chinh Thai tk tuac Vinh Quoc c6ng Tiep theo ghi thuat cac cong trang ciia ong tir nien hieu Thuan Binh (1548 1556) sau 6ng iing nghia theo Minh Khang Thai vuong Trinh ICiem den Ichi mSt nien hieu H o ^ g Dinh thii (1607) Cach viet ghi thuat, liet ke cong trang theo timg nam Doi liic lai tung h6, binh pham ve su tai diic ciia nhan vat, truyen din cam himg khien nguoi doc tuang nhu dang chung ki6n canh tuang thuc liic duang thai K6t thiic plian tu su la nhiing lai cam than dan xen tan tung, duong danh cong lao cua ong xiing danh nhu mot be toi c6ng th5n thai nhd H^, nha Chu ma phan thuy8t ly duyen khoi da dk c$p Ndi dung toan van cua van bia 6.1 Phan nguyen vdn chu Hdn ± « » , t - « a a # m «j« 8F s;(! * g *±a,«ai*.t^*:»., aAS-fiSic-K m +-^«.*.*"j*s«s.)ii«^«« #»t#^«af-«,fiii*,te#*«, * * F*lt#ô>KSft-(*#ff*4iô&i* ã(iW*o***SK.*j*ằAô-*ttai T4P CHI HAN N M SO (140) - 2017 NGUYiN ViN Hit * * s i ! i ; * « B # « S ,A E ^ ^*P#;ff * E , + A.^iL fl w^!, B « : t J i * i - j aôJfS#i.^ôtttiBôtt-K#as ãs i4-S |sl*ôôHi;-S-.t:tS#**-ô S#i-A^spl*-f4sitJtô8a.^&mft ãằa*'+#*#^a*9&siô*> '!ôô.+ * « « » J - 782TCN, vj (3) Lim Cfing Dgo (I8I6) Vinh Lgc vua thtt 11 cua nha Chu cd cong viec huyin chi, ki hifu VHv.I37I/AB VTnh Lgc trung nhd Chu phong tho chi ki hifu A.2537 Thanh Hoa tinh (12) Ttt Di: can ctt theo Lich stt thdi Vinh Lgc huyin chi, ki hifu VHv.l37/AB Sach dS dugc Nguyin Van Hdi t6ng hgp bien Chu CO danh Hoai Di vd Tay Nhung Hoai TAP CHi HAN NOM so (140) - 2017 NGUYEN VAN HAI Di cfin xung Hodn Nam Di hay Nam Di, von la bp tgc nhanh nam Dong Di Thdi Chu Le Vuong, Ngae hdu lien qudn vdi Hoai danh nha Chu Chu Le vuong sai Qudc Cong Trudng Phu di danh, sau dfi diet dugc nude Nggc, nhimg Hoai Di khong thdn phue Nam 823 TCN, Chu Tuyen vuong sai Doan Cat Phu ddnh Hodi Di, ban Ifnh Hoai Di kinh thudng thifn ttt, qudy nhiiu bien cuong Sau Hoai Di bfi nfip c6ng, Tuyfin vuong sai Trifu Muc cong ddn quan chinh phgt Hen minh vdi Tfi, Ki, Lai danh Hoai Di Ttt Hoai Di phdi xin hoa va cong nop deu dgn (13.14.15.16): tldd (21) Song Bien, tttc song Ma, doan chdy qua xa Bifn Thugng va Bifn H? nen dan gian gpi la Bifn Giang Nay la xa VTnh Hung va VTnh Tan huyen VTnh Lgc tinh Thanh Hoa (17) Nguyen ban ghi gia pha nhdm nien hifu Th^ng Nguyen thtt 50 Thyc te ljch stt Le Cung Hodng lfin lam vua chi ldy mfit nien hieu Th6ng Nguyfin keo dai 05 nam ttt (15221527) Ma nam Dinh Hgi Id nam (1527) (23) Giao Thuy: tttc huyfn Giao Thuy tinh Nam Dinh (18) Theo Khdm dinh Viet sd thong gidm euang myc chinh bien quyen VI thi Bdng Tudng tttc Chiu Bdng Tuong, thu^c phu Thdi Binh, tinh Quang Tdy thdi Thanh Ngdy Bdng Tudng Id ddt tifip gidp vdi bien gidi tinh Lgng Scm ciia Vift Nam, thufic khu ty tri dan tfic Chuangtinh Qudng Tay (Trung Qufic) (26) Phll Lift: Id Thanh Tri, Ha Nfli (19) Thdn Phu: tttc ctta bien Than phii, giap ranh hal huyfn Hau Lpc va Hodng Hoa tinh Thanh Hoa - Dan Nhai: ncri sfing Md tiep gidp vdi ba huyfn VTnh Lpc, Yen Dinh, Cam Thuy, thupe x3 Yen Thp cua huyfn Yen Djnh, xa VTnh Ninh ciia huyfn VTnh Lgc va khu vyc niii Mdu cua xa Cam Van huyfn Cdm Thiiy tinh Thanh Hoa (20) Hoang Ha: f nfii sfing Nhj Ha tttc sfing Hfing Xuong Giang, thupe thj xd Bdc Giang 82 (22) Nam Giang la viing ddt phia Tay Giap vdi Lao Khdm djnh Viit su Thong gidm Cuang myc chinh biin quyfin Xl-III ghi: Nude Nam Chudng (tfin ciia bfi lac Nam ChiSu xua, nha Minh ggi la Dai Man, nha Thanh mdi phong lam mgt nude) Dat nuoc phia Nam g i ^ chdu Hung Hda, phia Tay qua tay qua nam Giang din Tiem La, phia bac la Mudng Ly thong qua Vdn Nam (24) Ta Thanh Tri: thupe Thanh Tri,-HdNoi (25) Van La: thufic xa Van La, huyen Thanh Tri, Thudng Tin Ha Ngi (27) Phugng Nhan: thufic xd Phugng Nhdn, huyfn Phupng Nhan, tinh Bac Giang (28) Kinh Bdc; chi ten dja danh cii d phia Bdc Vift Nam bao gdm phii 20 huyfin thupe hai tinh Bdc Ninh va Bdc Giang xua Hdi Duong Nay la tinh Hai Duong (29) Lfi San viing ddt phia Tay tinh Thanh Hoa, each chdu Quan Hda 97 ddm ve phia Tdy Nay viing huyfn Ba Thude, Quan Son tinh Thanh Hoa (30) cdm Thiiy: la huyfn Cam Thiiy tinh Thanh Hoa Kim Son Id xd VTnh An, huyen VTnh Lgc, dia danh co song Ma chdy qua, gan khu vyc ngd ba Bong giap vdi huyen Yfin Djnh, Hodng Hoa, Hgu Lgc, VTnh Lgc cua tinh Thanh Hoa (31) Cfi Mfic: xya xd Cfi Mpc, tfing Lai Triiu huyfn Nflng Cong Nay la thj ttdn huyfn TiM HltV \ t C N G T R A N G VINH Q U C CONG Trieu Son va mfit phSn ddt ciia xa Minh Son huyfn Trifu Son, tinh Thanh Hoa (32) Tra cttu dia danh Bfin Tri hifn chua thay, phai chang la Bon Man, vung dat giap voi Nghf An Thanh Hoa? (33) Lo Nang: thugc thfin Nang xa Huong l i tfing Cung Thugng hio'fn quang Xuong la xa Qu^g Hung phd Thanh Hoa, viing giap cang Lfi Mfin, song Ma (34) Thgch That: la ngogi HdNoi (35) Sach Lfch triiu Hiin chucmg logi chi ghi la Trieu Kieu Nay thugc viing dat thugc huyfn LTng Hoa phfi Ha Ngi (36) Sfing Lfi: phu luu ta ngan ben trai song Hong, bat nguon ttt tinh Van Nam (Trung Quoc), chdy vdo Viet Nam tai xa Thanh Thuy, huyen Vj Xuyfn, tinh Ha Giang Dilm cuoi la nga ba Vift Tri, ggi la nga ba Hgc, ph6 Vift Tri, tinh Phu Thg, noi song Lo dfi vao sfing Hong (37) Nay thugc huyfn Gia Vifin tinh Ninh Binh (38) Than Chdu: chi nude Trung Qufic, d day y noi se khfii phue lgi ddt nude thong nhat nhu Trung Quoc thdi bay gid (39) Song Hat; tttc sfing Day, doan chay qua huyfn Dan Phupng co ^n Id sfing Hat (40) Yfin Qudng: tttc xtt Yfin Quang, viing ddt thugc tinh Qudng Ninh (41) Linh Giang thugc tfing Cfi Chau, huyfn Chi Linh, phu Nam Sach Nay Id Chi Linh tinh Hai Duong (42) Theo ngi dung bia ghi Ngay 15 thdng 12 ndm Hodng Djnh thtt (1607) ong bj cdm mat d kinh su, phan lac khodn vdn bia ghi Hodng Djnh thtt ? Tai lieu Tham khao Tran Thi Kim Anh- Hodng Hong Cam (2010), Cdc Thi vdn chir Hdn Viit Nam Nxb KHXH, Ha Ngi Phan Huy Chii (1960), Lfch triiu Hien chucmg logi chi nha Xudt ban Stt hgc Luu Cong Dao (1816) VTnh L0e huyin cM,kihifuVHv.l371 VTnh Loe phong tho chi ki hieu A.2537 Thanh Hoa tinh VTnh Lgc huyin chi, ki hieu VHv 137 Thanh Hoa tinh VTnh Lgc hieyin chi Bien djch Nguyen Van Hai, Nxb Thanh Hoa 2010, tai ban ldn ndm 2012 Ngo Due Thp chu bifin (2006), Cdc nhd khoa bdn Viet Nam Nxb Van hgc Trinh Khdc Manh (2013), Bi kyhgcvd vdn bdn bi ky Hdn Nom Nxb KHXH, Ha Nfii 10 Ban Nghien cttu va Bien sogn Lich stt Thanh Hoa (2006), Danh nhdn Thanh Hoa Nxb Thanh Hoa 11 Ban Nghien cttu va bien soan Ijch stt Thanh Hfia (2001), Ten ldng xd Thanh Hoa, tgp I, tap 2, Nxb Thanh Hoa 12 Tinh uy - HDND - UBND tinh Thanh Hoa (2004), Dia chi Thanh Hoa, tap 1, tgp 2, Nxb KHXH, Ha Nfii 13,Trinh Nhu chii bien (2010) Danh nhdn vdn hoa Hodng H6a,'Hxh Giio due, Hk Ngi 14 Vien Khoa hpc xa hgi Vift Nam (1993) Bgi Viit sd ky lodn thu, Nxb KHXH, HdNpi 83 ... Xet quan ehe nha Duong, quan chtte ttt ngu pham trfir len moi dugc soan I$p bia thdn dao, dfin trifiu nha Muih thay dfii, quan chtte ham ttt tam phdm tto Ifin m6i dugc dttng'^l Hon nua, tiieo quan... tuong thuc tich tru ctta quan dieh Ngdy 27 tiiang 12 nifin hifiu Quang Hung thu 14 (1591) quan ttifiu duih ddnh duoi tan quan Nguy [Mae] dfin tdn sdo huyfit, nhin cd xi etta quan ta vimg Thgch That'^'*'... thfi xac djnh, bai van bia rat cfl gia trj vfi mdt stt lifiu Thfing qua ngi dung vdn bia, gop phdn bo sung vific nghien cttu lich stt, cflng lao hanh trang nhdn vdt Thai te Vinh Quoc edng Hodng