TIM HIEU 28 CACH CHON THE DAT TRONG TAAO CHAN TRUYENDIA LY NGUYEN QUOC KHANH* Tdm tdt: Td Ao chdn truyen dia ly la tac pham ciia Td Ao hpi tu day dii cac ylu tfi tir thien van cho den dja ly ciia nuac Viet Nam Bai vifit buflfc ddu tim hilu, giai thieu vl 28 each chpn the dat mang tinh ca ban kham du Thong qua 28 each chpn thl dit nay, bfin cgnh viec tim hieu nguyen ly chgn the dat, tdc pham phan anh ro net vl phong tue tdp quan, van hoa truyin thfing cua dan toe Viet Nam Tdkhoa-.TkAo, dja ly, phong thuy, kham du Viet Nam Abstract: This article aimed at researching and introducing 28 fundamental ways of choosing the configuration ofthe land following to fengshui science explored in "Td Ao chdn truyen dia ly", one of Ta Ao's works which assembles the astronomical and geographical elements of Viemam With these 28 ways, the work both presents the principle of choosing the land and reflects the Vietnamese traditional customs and culture Keywords: Ta Ao, geographical, feng shui, Viemamese surplus j[ d Ao chdn truyin dia ly &.M^ #ifcJE la mgt ttong nhung tdc phim thugc thfi Ioai kham du cua tdc gid Ta Ao or Viet Nam Vfi khdi nifim "kham du", theo y nghTa ctta Trung Hoa cfl dai thi "kham" Id thien dao Id chfi cao; "du" la dia dao, la noi thip "Kham du" Id mfii quan he gitta thifin dao va dia dgo, dac biet la kifin tiittc vfi dja hinh giua cao vd thip Nfl Idy tiiuylt httu co, quan nifim ty nhien Iuc dfl lam nfin tdng, dua cdc ngi dung vfi thifin vdn, khf hgu, trai dat, tiitty van, mfli tiirflng sinh thai, v.v vdo ttong nghfi thudt chgn lya noi tiifi ddt cu tni, bfi txx xdy dyng moi ttuong Vdy, vai ttfl ctta "kham du" la phdn dnh ndng lyc trye giac va kha ndng quan sat thdu ddo, mOc mac ctta ngufli dfli vfli tiiifin nhifin, la eflng eu nghifin cttu vdn hfla dja ly hgc, kifin tnic quy hoach Ngodi ra, nfl cfln phdn anh phong tyc tap qudn, vdn hfla truyen thflng sflng dgng cua cgng dflng cu ddn Xudt phat ttt nhiing hdm nghTa nfli tgi ctta khdi niem kham du, Td Ao da som cfl mgt each nhin sdu sac, tiep thu chdt Igc kham du ctta Trung Hoa dfi thich hgp voi hoan cdnh dia ly Vi^l Nam Ta Ao da de Igi nhieu tac phim vfi dja Iy rat cfl gia tri ttong co tdc phdm Td Ao ehdn truyen dia ly TdAockdn Nam The nhung, vi khufln khfl bdi vifit, buflc ddu chiing tfli gifli thifiu va tim hifiu vfi 28 each chgn thfi dit dugc vifit ttong ThS Vifin Nghien cttu Han Nfim TAP CHi HAN N M SO (144) - 2017 tdc phdm Td Ao ckdn truyen dia ly nham cung cip mfit sfl thflng tin hiiu ieh cho cdc nhd nghifin cttu quan tdm cung tham khdo V^ van de van ban Td Ao chdn truyen dia ly va bo cue ngi dung Hifin tgi kho sach Vifin Nghien cttu Hdn Nom dang luu gitt van ban Td Ao ckdn truyen dia ly mang cdc ky hieu VHv.1661; VHv.783; VHv.483; VHv 1660; A 1270 Cdc van ban dfiu cfl hinh thttc vd bfl cue ngi dung hodn todn giong Cu thfi nhu sau: - Cdc vdn ban dfiu o dang khac in, kich CO 15 x 26 cm, gfim 86 ttang, Difin Ty Son Nhdn ^M>hJ^ hieu dinh, in tgi co sfl NghTa Lgi, phfl Hang Dao, Ha Ngi nam Khdi Dinh Ki Mtti (1919) Trong dfl, fl ttang ddu tifin, ghi: "7a Ao chdn truyin dia ly Diin Tu San Nhdn hieu chink, pkdt thu lgi Hdng Ddo pho, Nghta Lgi hieu Khdi Dinh Ky Miii xudni^m^\%i^m.^mdiK^k^^'% ri~n¥Lm»i.^'m^^^^^iTd Ao chdn truyen dia ly Difin Ty San Nhdn hifiu dinh, phdt hanh tgi co sfl NghTa Lgi, phfl Hang Ddo vao mtta xudn nam Ky Mtti nien hieu Khdi Djnh (1919)" - Ttt ti^g din trang 51 ghi vfi 28 each chgn the ddt (cfl hinh ve minh hga kem tiieo), sau moi mgt tiifi dat la mflt bdi tiio thdt ngfln ttt tuyet vd Ifli chtt gidi Cy thfi la: Cdeh thtt 1, Thdi cgc chi i^ ^^% (Do hinh thai cyc) Cach thtt 2, Md tu dd ^ ^ ^ ( D f l hinh ngua) Cach thtt 3, Mge tudng tkii tkdnh kim link Ige Ikuy ^ ^^ "^ ^ ' t %-7"^ (Tuflng dttng gitt thdnh tttc Id ntti hinh moc fl ngoai Idm thanh, ntti hinh kim ben chim dufli nuoc) Cdeh thtt NGUYiN QUOC KHANH 4, Md lu tranh tiin phy tu ke kkdi nguyin ^ - ^ - ^ ^ K ^ i ^ ^ i G (Ngya tranh Ifin truflc, each cha ke tifip dfl dat) Cach thtt 5, Cdt cdm link Mink dd-k-^S-^M (Dfl hinh cat cim tinh) Cach thu 6, Nguu miin chi ^ aR.iLH(Hinh thl trdu ngtt) Cach thtt 7, Quy nkdn lap ma -^/^2 % (Cdeh quy nhdn Ifin ngya) Cach thtt 8, Quy scm vuang tuphdl mge nkdn hink cdi Id kodn sinh i i i i = ? = # j K / ^ e i : ? E t ± (Quy' son hinh chtt vuang sinh mge nhdn, cdeh cdi ttt hodn sinh) Cach thtt 9, Thu nguyit dn xuyen dd ^Jc H ^P J'l M (Dfl hinh ttdng thu in ddy nuoc) Cdeh thtt 10, Hd mien ^m (Thfi hfl ngtt) Cdeh thtt W, Hd nkdp ddng ldm cdck M^>^^ # ^ (Cach hfl vdo rimg bfin dong) Cdeh thtt 12, Long qudy ldy hodi cdeh ^^^']T-^ (The rong cufln nhdp vdo bfin tdy) Cach thtt 13, Long cung cdm that -fl "f ^ fiS (Thfi rflng chiu cung cdm) Cach thtt 14, Hdi long cd td ^ @-t& ^^B- (Long quay diu vl tfl son ma kit huyfit) Cach thtt 15, Hdi long cd id 13 •tl j ^ E (Long quay ddu vfi tfi son ma kit huyfit) Cach thtt 16, Ngga tinh diin cdu hudng nguyit thuy di ^ # ^ ; i ^ ^ ^ vi (The rfing cufln ttong gieng ngtta mat nhin ddy ttang) Cdeh thtt 17, Ngogi cdm ngi thu dgi lieu loa tinh ^h-^i^Ift :^'J^if,M (Thfi huyfit 6c nhfli bao quanh ngoai muflng thu) Cach thtt 18, Td dan di i ^ 41 (Son uyfin chuyfin, the cyc ben trdi) Cach thtt 19, Him dan di ^^•^ (Son lai sinh cyc, bfin huu flm vflng, vai td Idm chttng) Cach thtt 20, Phil tkuang tga tki Hit rw- g T ^ ^ f ?i]# (Thfi huyfit nguoi lai bufin ngfli dufii) Cdeh thtt 21, Tkgck tku cao phi liiu mdn TiM HltXJ 28 CACH CHQN TH^ ©AT TRONG to rgng Id huyfit qu^) Cach thtt 22, Triing dm tu tuyet i^^ft (Thfi huyet vdo sa am tuyet ty) Cach thtt 23, Triing duang tu tuyit $ [^ ^ ^ (Thfi huyet vdo sa duong tuyfit ty) Cach tiitt 24, Ddu mgch sdt ^ f l / ^ ^ ^ (Thfi huyfit mach ddu sat khi) Cach thtt 25, Tuyet mink dd ^-^m (Thfi huyfit menh tiiyfit) Cach tiitt 26, Sdt mgch dS^5,lkM (Thfi huyfit vdo mgch sat khi) Cdeh thtt 27, De tkdp tuyit huyet dd it'M^:^^ (Thfi huyet mgch di qua thdp thdnh mach chfit) Cach tiitt 28, Hodnk sdt dd : ^ ^ K T h f i huyet mach nam ngang pham vdo sdt sa) - Tu trang 52 tto di Id cdc bdi phu, ludn, gflm: Tkiin dia tgo son thuy phii ^ ^ ^ d i ^ ^ (71 cau phtt vfi thien dja), Tam thdn phdn ngfi hdnh phu ~-)p ^ i ^ t ^ (87 cdu phtt vfi ngfl hdnh), Tam ldi kinh H.:^;^ (151 cdu tho vfi tam tdi), 7am long gia truyin bdo qude ngu # - t l ^ # * @ * | - (179 cdu tho lyc bat ve tdm long) Nam bang dia mack i^ Hi^M- (bai tho thit ngon bat ctt vfi dgi mgch o nuoc ta), Tdm longpkdp - ^ i i (72 cdu tho vfi phep tim long), Dd dam ca ^-^^ (120 cau tho lyc bat vfi da dam), Bgi cuang kkuyin mien thiin :K W^^% (133 cdu tho vfi dai cuong), Tkien tap ^ ^ (54 cdu tho nfli vfi each nhin ttdi dfi xem thifin van), Dia lap i ^ (82 cdu tho nfli vfi each xem dit dfi tim huyet mach dja Iy), Ludn tkiin vdn pkgm sdt thi ^ : ^ : ? E ^ # (34 bdi tiia thdt ngfin ttt tuyet ban vfi thifin van phgm sat), Lugn thien vdn each gia hudng Ddng phuang ludn dodn i^^X.^"^^ * ^i^g/f (5 bai tho that ngon ttt tuyet Iudn dodn vfi thien van chuyfin xem vfi huflng dfing) Gioi thieu 28 each chon t h l dat Truoc hfit cfl thfi nfli, Td Ao co tim nhin xa ttflng rgng, la ngufli biet chdt Igc nhung kifin thttc tinh tiiy vfi dia Iy Difiu dfl dugc minh chung bang 28 each chgn thfi ddt vifit tdc phdm 7a Ao chdn truyin dia ly vfli cac hinh dfl chi tilt, cy thfi nhu sau: Thdi cue chi dd i ; # ^ f f l (Dfl hinh thai cyc): Ldy mach nhap vdo ttong long thi bao lay huyfit ma tgo nen cac kieu huyet nhu: Mai hoa sat Song kim sat, Ddu mach sat, Tdn sat Bfin kieu huyet ggi Id Ttt sat vi the khflng thfi tang mg dugc Md td dd %-^S (Dfl hinh ngua): Hidm mach da nhdp vao Iflng huyet, cdn chtt y chgn Idy nhung doan nuflc chdy tinh vi de dinh huyfit tiii dich thi dttng Gid nhu ttflng mach thfl kech, dyng dttng ma nhgp vdo huyet thi cho nfin chgn, neu khong la sat khf thi cung sinh hga Mdc ludng tkii thdnh kim tink lgc thuy ^ ^$ =? : ^ ^ J ^ ^ K (Tuflng dttng gitt thdnh tttc Id ntti hinh moc fl ngoai lam thdnh, ntti hinh kim ben chim duoi nuoc): Mach chay thang nhgp vdo huyfit Vi the, nfin cin nhung dogn thuy ngin nhung tmh vi di thang dfin giup mach nhdp huyfit thi dt se sinh cat Nhung nfiu" mgch ma thing, ddi, tiifl 69 TAP CHi HAN NOM so (144) - 2017 lau nhdp huyet thi khfing thfi tdng dugc, nfiu tdng tiu se tuyfit ty Vi vdy, can ghi nho Cuflc dit quy ndy bfln mat dfiu cfl thuy, ta huu quanh co nhu vflng nggc, tang phong, tu Ddy ggi la Mfic tuong thtt ihdnh (Tuong mfic gift thdnh), cfl kim tinh roi vdo thu;^, kifiu ddt nhu vdy rdt dep Nhung tim dttng huyet thgt tinh rat khfl, nhung thiy chfi phfii hgp chdn long mach thi dttng Id dit tot Mach xudt ttt ntti tfl tflng lai, thong tha di ngang, uon khttc roi chgy thdng, cfl thuy hg vfi mfinh mfing, ntti trttng tning tiep gidp Khi sip dttng lgi kfit huyfit thi rat tinh vi, huyfin do, co minh tinh dttng nhin Ay chinh la chdn huyfit Md td tranh liin pku tu ke khdi nguyen %•?-#• i t ^ - ^ i^ ^ ^ (Ngya tranh Ifin truoc, each cha ke tifip dfi dgt): Mgch cfl dang rfing di uyen chuyin, xuit phat ttt phia tdy chgy din phia dfing thi nhdp cue Cfl thuy quay ddu chgy vfi phia dang truflc Rflng ban diu chay qua ho, hfl lai fim Idy rfing nhu mflt thdn Cho nen cfl thfi ggi ddy la nghmh cue, boi CO td sa vd huu sa cimg nghinh ^ n Chttng to dfl la chdn long mgch, chinh huyfit Phia tiudc, phia td hihi dfiu chdu phue vd cfl quy sa ttng chifiu Thdy cuflc dit nhu thfi se bifit dugc phtt quy fl ddu, tit nhien dfl la each tflt Cat edm tinh kink dSt-^S.^^ (Dfl hinh cat cim tinh^): Huyfit cfl tfi son cao chflt vflt, mgch lfln di din ttt phia dfing, chay qua phfa tdy ma nhdp NGUYiN QUOC KHANH huyet, quay ddu Igi roi chdu phyc Ddu tifin tien den nhu bdi Igy, sau xudt rong ho trimg tning rfli kit huyfit Oa"* o dfl Ctt doi theo chdn long mach se gap chinh huyfit Tang fl dfl dfli dfli khoa danh khflng dttt Ddy Id mgt ttong nhiing quy each khfl tim Nguu mien chi dd ^9R,iLB(Hmh dfl till trdu ngtt): Mgch phat ttt huu kifin (vai ben phdi) rfli di qua td kien (vai ben ttai) vong Igi phdi mgt khoang ngdn ma nhap huyfit Td hun dfiu quan quyt flm ldy ma cfl qudn tinh hg vfi, hai mat dfiu CO thuy ty Ddy la cugc ddt tflt Tuy nhifin, cugc dit ndy kfit mach ma co hfl dang chan sflng huyet thi khfing dugc tdng (vi thfi nhu trdu bj ho vfi se mat het khf) Bfli huyfit nhdp cue phdi du thi tang moi tot, gittp cho chdu doi dfli gidu sang Quy nhdn lap md-^/^jL^Q (Cach quy nhdn Ifin r^ua): Mach phdt fl cung phia tdy chay dfin cung phia dflng thi nh£5) hi^fit, huyfit bfin nhin thiy cfl hai Thdi duong cttng chifiu, hinh giong nhu ho tranh moi Hai bfin td hflu hoi hodn ttt ttong ngodi rfii huong phyc lai vdo ttong Cfl gia bttt vttt cao, dim sdng bfin ngodi chilu vdo, mufin sfing chdu dfin nhifiu dong, cdc nui tu hgi ttong TiM HIEU 28 CACH CHQN THt BAT TRONG nbu lap huyfit Nhung Ittc ay thi dang chuih mgch khfing thl tdng dugc Quy san vuang tuphdl mge nhdn hinh cdi td hodn sink ^ Oi i ^ # J ^ / ^ ^ efc?£.Sti(C3u5' son hinh chtt vuong sinh mflc nhan, each cdi ttt hodn sinh): Mgch bdt ngufln ttt khoi tfl, ttt bfin ttai ma den bfin phdi, roi lai quay vfi phia ttai ma nh|.p cyc Tdt cd difiu dfl da tao nfin sy thay dfli to Ifln ma sinh qu^ cue, dugc cue thi long mgch phat nhieu vugng khf Khi thdy rfing, hfi hinh kim ty khic hinh mflc (kim khac mflc) tiii rfing (mach rflng) moi chfit Tuy nhifin khong hi khac, rflng hfl sinh fl noi kfit huyfit tit sfi phat dai gidu sang Nhung nfiu nhu rfing (mach rflng) cfl thay dfli thi tdt rflng (mgch rflng) se ehit Chi dugc hg vfi cua ta sa vd httu sa uon lugn flm i p thi sfi sinh rong the cyc Id cai ttt hoan sinh Bdi vay moi cfl chuyfin cdi sflng ddy Itti cai chet Thu nguy$t dn xuyen dd ^A fl ^P ;il ffl (Dfl htah trang thu m day nuoc): Long mach mfli khfli phat da ufin lugn, quay Igi mgt khuc bao Idy bfin long h t ^ Thuy lanh kfit tu vfli ntti xanh mgt ch5, nhu cfl trdng diifiu sdng Khi dy, than rfing se bao ldy huflng Ddt danh cho phdt khoa danh, hifin dat vfl cttng Cfl ngufli Iy gidi mach khoi tii son nguyfin; nhien, rfing (mach rflng) mfli pbat khfli dd cfl sy bifin dfli nhifiu nhu thl se thdnh rflng chfit Nhung each ma cfl ho trg ctta td sa va hiiu sa uon lugn bao bgc, lai cfl nuoc ttong cufln khdp, bfin mua khflng can An tifin sang ma Igi tinh thi du rflng cfl ttt cung bifin huyet hodn sinh, nfiu chgn dugc noi dy ma tdng thi se dai phu, dai quy 10 Hd mien ^SK (Thfi hfl ngtt): Mach bit ddu khfli ttt bfin phdi di din bfin trdi flu nhap cyc Diu tiai hfl vao trong, sau rflng lai tifip tyc di lila ngoai quanh co, ufln lugn, td huu khfli phyc, ttong nhu bttc ttfin co nggn tinh phong Sflng «_ ufln lugn qudn quyt, thuy xuat hifin thi cfl ntti cao xudt hifin Ddy qua la mgt each quy, nfiu dugc huyfit ndy, phdt phtte rdt ldu ben, nfin cfl the ggi la quy cyc Co nhdn ciing Iuan rang: Bfln ben vdch nui dyng dttng, luang thuy hgp vao md tgo cdnh quan Rflng hfl ufln lugn, qudn quyt, thuy xudt hifin thi vfi cimg huyfin dieu; hinh thl sinh kim fl ben cdnh, the ttong giflng nhu mat hfi, diy Id mflt quy cdeh \\ Hd nhgp dong ldm ^>^^^^ (Hfl vao rimg ben ^ n g ) : Mgch ttt ben phai quay vong ma nhdp huyet, nguoi ta ggi mach dy la: diu mgch tdn nhj sat (tttc mach bi hai sat khf la tan va xdm hai) Theo phep dinh mgch thi khong dugc pham phai Tuy nhifin, thdy mgch md cfl huu sa (sa ben phdi) bao bgc qua long cung, mgch nhdp vdo ttong huy^t tinh tfi khflng eo gi khac sdt thi each iy rdt tot 71 TAP CHi HAN N M SS (144) - 2017 Tuy nhien, each vi difiu thfi it dugc cdc danh su truyen Igi Khi khdo sdt Ittc mach dang nhdp vao ttong huyfit ma vi tl (phdn chia nhfl be) Id ddc each nfin cfl the tang dugc, tdt se sinh phtt quy Idu bfin Quy each kfit huyfit nhu vdy, cac danh su van ggi Id each Hd nkdp ddng ldm (Hfi vao rimg ben dflng), dugc huyet ndy thi noi tifip gidu cfl 12 Long qudy ldy hodi cdeh i t ^ ^ 'l^^ (Thl rflng cufin nhdp vao bfin tay): Huyet di ttt ben trai nhdp vao ttong Iflng huyet, kieu ddt md tien nhan vdn ggi Id Mai koa song kim sal, phep xem ddt khflng dugc phgm vao cdeh Tuy nhifin, nfiu cuOe dit ma tiidy td sa (sa ben trdi) bao qua ho cung, sau dfl mach mfli nhdp vac huyfit ttflng tinh vi tW ciing khfing dugc vgi phgm, phep rdt vi difiu tao each tfit Nhung duong ittc dy md tifing thiy cuOc dit chgy nhu chile khan tiii cdeh mfli cfl the tang mg dugc Nlu tang dugc vao cugc ddt thl tiii dfli dfli phtt quy, nfin mfli ggi dfl Id quy each Tyc cfl van quen ggi la Long qudi ldy kodi NGUY£N QU6C KHANH huyfit Dugc huyet tM gdi cyc phtt quy Nfin ggi Id Long bdc hodn^ 14 Hdi long cd id ©i|IA?I (Long quay ddu vfi to son ma kit huyfit): Kifiu ddt cfl mgch ttt ngdn dam phan chi, cdn ma dfin, td hiiu di thudn hoa, uyen chuyen vd flm Idy huyfit Son till hfii diu, thuy thi chuyen huflng, ttong ngodi giao ket Nfin dugc ggi Id Hoi long cd Id va dugc coi Id cugc ddt quy Huyfit ttfing Igi sdng sua thi dttng Id kifiu dat phtt quy kiem todn, nfin thdy mgch nhgp cuoc, nuflc nhgp long, thi ddy chfnh Id cuflc ddt ki la nay, dep Iam va rit khfl kifim 15 Hdi long cd td ^it^U(Long quay ddu vfi tfl son ma kfit huyfit): Hfli Long CO tfl mgch, ty phdt ttt gfic tfl md Igi, trfin thi phan huynh dfi, duoi thi hgp tfi tflng, tang phong tu khf, mgi ngu6n nuoc dfiu ttong xanh, phfa sau cfl nggn nui cao, bfin ngoai dugc chieu bfii cdc tinh, bfin ttong dn tang bfin cai dep, tdng dugc dttng chdn long mach thi phat dai phtt quy, nfin ggi Id cai quy ctta each Hdi Long co Id; Igi dimg chdn long mach thi tit sinh dai phtt, dai quy 13 Long cung cdm thdt •^'^^ (Thfi rfing chau cung cdm): Mach khfli ttt long cung, chuyin dfin httu cung, roi lai den phia td cung 16 Ngga tink dien cdu hudng nguyet md nhdp huyfit Long thuy di^^^)^^'n^Y cung cfl trieu dn la nhiing M (Thfi rflng cufln sa nfli tifip tiimg diep, Huyen vu la gifing ngtta mat nhin nhflng nggn nui cao Ion, phia truflc bflng trang): Mgdi iS Minh duong cfl tiitty ty oa huy^t, lai cfl thing tip, tugng tho nhgt nguyet sang stta chifiu vdo ttong manh, bon ben cfl nui TIM HIEU 28 CACH CHQN THE BAT TRONG cao dttng vdy, td huu ufln cong nhu canh cung, dfin phin dogn ddu, van vo cung ugp Ntt thi quy hifin, dfli xuat anh httng, ttong dai chgn ngdn thi huyfit tai chfnh noi dfl 17 Ngogi cdm ndi thit dgi lieu loa tinh i'h^^m.^'hiis (Thl huyet 6c nhfli bao quanh tax^ ngodi "3f^^J»muong thtt): Son sinh ^f^^'* ttt go hiru (Bach hfl), dfin n^'M " ben ttai (Thanh Icmg) nhdp vao noi dit thdt eo thi ket huyfit Thuy fl phia sau ^ • chdy vfi ttuflc, Minh duflng tu khi, nguyfit chifiu truorc Minh duflng; rfing, hfl giao ho, td hihi quin quyt Thiy nhu the thi dfl chfnh Id chan huyfit, tdt nhien se smh phtt quy Lgi co ngufli gidi thfch them ve each nhu: Rflng quay diu lai dfi hfl flm dp, td httu qudn quyt, Minh duflng cfl minh nguyfit, bfin ngoai cfl but, tdt ca chifiu vao ben ttong huyet Ddt nhu the thi phtt quy kifim toan 18 Td dan di ^ ^ ^ (Son uyfin chuyfin, thfi cyc bfin trdi): Son dfin i ^ ^ chuyen, the cue chi cfl bfin Irdi, hinh hoa vdy bfln xung quanh, trraig ngodi hinh kim uon lugn, chu tinh chifiu vdo bfin tiong huyet Son thtty hfii hoan Duong cue nhu thfi thi dttng la dugc each phat phtte dai lau, neu nhu dac dia thi thi dgu khoi nguyfin Lai cfl ngufli nfli rang: Son dfin ma sinh huyfit, gfl ta hfli hodn, hihi kifin tac chttng Nhu the ggi la ta don, cfln lugn la each 7a tiin cung huyet 19 Hihi dem di ^^-^ (Son Igi sinh cyc, bfin huu flm vflng, vai td Iam chttng): Son dfin uyen chuyfin, cue thl chi cfl ben hiiu, bfln bfin nhgn ma sdr^ dep, ngoai hinh kim bao bgc, chttng tinh chifiu huyfit, go httu (Bgch hfl) hfli hoan, dugc nhu thfi Id thugng each, dfli dfli phat phue Nfiu nhu dugc ddt nay, vo cfl thfi ndm binh quyfin Ifln Lgi cfl ngufli nfli: Son dfin ma sinh cue, go hiiu hfli hoan, td kien tac chttng, cho nen ggi la don dfi, nfli Id each Hieu tiin cung kuyil Ludn co hai Quan , Difiu ndm fl phuong sinh ttt Truang sinh cung xuit Khoi tinh quan dieu, chtt yfiu sinh cac bdc quan lfln, ntta dfli at se phat; Mflc dye cung sinh Tai lgc quan difiu, chtt ylu xuit cdc bgc quan Ifln; Quan doi cung xuit Tdi hoa quan dieu, chtt yfiu sinh cac bdc quy nhdn; Ldm quan cung sinh Chfnh sy quan dieu, chtt yeu ldm quan hon ngufli; Dfi vugng cung sinh Thflng dgt quan dieu, chu vfi Iam quan cttu thifin; Suy cung sinh Lien dfli quan dieu, ehtt yeu la lam quan ma khong co lgc; Benh cung sinh Chinh chiin quan dieu, chu ylu ldm quan phat luong; Ttt eung sinh Vo khf quan difiu, chtt ylu Idm quan nhirng khflng bfin; Mg cung sinh Lflc khfl quan difiu, chu ylu sinh cac bdc quan lifim 20 Phu tkuang tga tki Hit tuf^ ^ t ?'I *^ (Thfi huyfit ngufli ldi buon ngfli duoi): Long mgch di vl bfin phai, dfin cung phfa trai nhdp vao dogn thdt nttt thi sinh huyfit, son thuy tning tning Bach hfl din truflc, tit se sinh bac phtt gia 73 T^P CHI HAN N M SO (144) - 2017 hang ngan nam trfin co so quan sat ty nhifin va phdt triin xa hgi rfii truyen thy cho dfin tan Hgc gia thfli dl xuit: Phong tiitty thyc tfi la 1^ Iuan qui hogch thifit kfi xdy dyng cfl dgi mang tfnh thfing nhit va tfing hgp cdc khoa dja chdt hgc, sinh thai hgc, cdnh quan hgc, kifin true hgc, iudn Iy hgc, tdm iy hgc, la tinh hoa ciia Iy ludn kifin tnic Trung Hoa cfl dgi, cimg vfli Doanh tgo hge vd Tgo vifin hgc hgp thdnh cgt try ctta Iy Iudn kifin trttc cfi dai - Td Ao dugc mfinh danh Id vj tfl ctta nfin vdn hfla phong thtty nuoc Vifit Thdnh tuu ctta fing khfing chi Id nguoi diu tien dua mfin phong thtty vfi nuflc ta, ma cfln Id ngudi dfi lai nhifiu tdc phim phong phtt, nhifiu kiln thttc sdu sdc phtt hgp vfli hoan cdnh dja Iy nufl^ nha md cy the Id tdc phim Td Ao chdn Puyin dia ly Cfl thl nfli, ddy Id mgt ttong nhttng sach ghi chep diy dtt vfi cac phep ehgn lanh trdnh dtt, mgt hgc vdn lifin quan dfin mfii truflng va ngufli, mfit thfi tfing hgp giira Iy Iudn va thyc tifin luu ttuyen din ngdy - Diem co ban ctta iy Iuan hgc tiiuylt phong tiitty Id thua khi, ty khi, die khf Ngi dung gom Ioai Ion Id phong thtty duong trgeh vd phong thtty dm trgeh, ttong dfl phong thtty dm ttach cfl dnh huflng ddc bifit quan tixing Duong trgeh Id chi noi cu tiii ctta ngufli Gitta ngufli va noi hg cu tni cfl mfli quan he qua iai mat thilt voi Nfiu mfii quan hfi dugc dilu tifit mgt each hdi hfla vd tflt d?p tiii nguoi se nhdn dugc nhifiu ich lgi Nfli NGUYiN QUdC KHANH dung cua phong thuy duong trach gflm cfl: chgn dia diem nhd fl, thon xflm, thdnh phfi, khdo sat mfli truflng kien true xung quanh, dia thl cao thdp, hinh dang va bfl cue bfin ttong nhd fl, chgn ngdy gio khfli cfing vd trinh ty xdy dung, huong mfl cflng cua, kich thuflc cflng ctta, cdc Ioai cay trflng va phuong vj so tgi cfln phdi khdo sat van mgng cua chtt nhd phfli hgp nhd fl tinh thfing nhdt giua nha fl voi cdc cong trinh xdy dyng xung quanh Tuy nhien, bat ke duong ttach hay dm trach cung dfiu cfl hinh phap vd Iy phdp khac nhau; hinh phdp liy hinh the sflng ntti Idm chfnh, Iy phap thi liy nguyfin Iy suy difin thudt sfl Idm chfnh Hai "phdp" co chfl manh chfl yfiu khdc nhau, nfin vfi sau nguoi ta theo xu thfi kit hgp cd hai Am trach la chi phdn mfi ctta ngufli sau hg qua doi Theo quan nifim ctta phong thtty, dm ttach (phin mg) se cfl anh huflng fl mfit mttc nhdt dinh nao dfl dfin sy dfli ctta cac nhdn vat thdnh dgt, ciing nhu todn bg sy thjnh hay suy vong ctta cd gia tgc Ngi dung ctta phong thtty dm trach bao gfim: khdo sdt hinh dang nui non song nuflc mgt phgm vi kha rgng, xdc dinh dja chdt dja mgo, !ya chgn vj trf vd phuong huong cua huyfit mg, cdnh vdt xung quanh, tfnh chdt thfi nhuong, thuflrc tdc huyfit mg, cay cfl tten mat ddt, each thttc va thfli gian mai tang, cdc vdt kifin tnic phy bfin ttfin huyfit mg Ngoai bao gfim ngi dung dttng stte nguai dfi cdi tgo dia hlnh./ N.Q.K TIM HIEU 28 CACH CHQN THE BAT TRONG Chu thich 1- Quy son: La thuat ngff phong thuy, luon a phia ding sau hfi tflng cho huyet Cach 14 va each 15, ten ggi giong nhung huy?t vj thi khac cim tinh: La cai sa fl ben tay rfing hode tay hfi Oa: Huyet oa goi la "huyet qugt" (huyfit 16, huyet hang), "huyet mieng mfl", "huyet bon", la I loai huy?t ca ban (oa, kiim, nhu, dflt) chi vang sdng vanh khuyen fl trung tam ddt mp, cfl hinh huyet mg lom trfln / Quy long: The nui himg vT, tinh phong td bat, the di loi Igc, phai ttdi cfl vay canh, cac chi hoat bat ma hucmg tfli truoc Cho nen loai long mach din rdt tfit Tai lieu tham khao -i^^!^#iifc3S,VHv 1661 - i i ^ ift # J i a , VHv 1660 -if%i!ftf*JfeS.VHv.783 -iSWft#J4ffi,VHv.483 -Am^niiLSS.,A.\270 - Cao Tmng (1974), Sdeh Td Ao dia ly torn the, Nxb Van hfla, Sai Gon Long bac hodn: La chi long mach di ve phia truflc, khong ngttng biln dfli Hinh thttc bac hodn Id ngat dean len xufing, lien rfii dttt dttt r6i lien, hinh nhu bj diit nhung the lien mach ngudng truyin thong Viet Nam, Nxb Van Quan: La cai sa fl ngoai an son dttng phia truflc huy?t Ta Ao va cac tdc pham Kham dd, Tgp chi Hdn - Mai Thanh Hat (2004), Tim hiiu tin hoa Thong tin Ha NOi - Nguyin Qufic Khanh (2016), "Tac gia N6m,s64(\3Ti 77 TIM LAI TIEU SC MOT CONG THAN THCn NGUYEN GIA LONG QUA PHA KY DINH CONG VI Tom tdt: Co nhQng cong than mgt thai nhung tieu su mo nhat, stt sdeh ghi chep thieu s6t, tham chl rit huyin bi nSn cac nha khoa hpc cin khfi cong tim lai Dua vao ban pha ky bang chtt Han la Dgng toe phd ky SP^tfii D$ng Httu Hon bifin tdp vao nam 1832 va Dgng tgc gia phd hii SF:^^I#*£ Ddng Nggc Odnh kfnh c3n bien chep vdo nam Duy Tdn At Mao(l915) fl thfin Van Lieu, xa Uy Viin (nay Id xa Uy ViSn, huyen Nghi Xuan,tinhHa Tinh) chung toi da tim hieu duoc tilu stt cua mpt cong thdn khai quoc trieu Nguyen nhu vdy, la Dang Nhdn Cam Tu khoa: cong thin triiu Nguyin, Ddng Nhan Cam, Dgng tgc gia phd ky Abstract: There are feudal courtiers who had been famous for a time in history but their biographies are not fully noted or noted with a lot of mysteries This acquires a serious research into the past to clarify important issues There available now two phd ky Ramify stones) written in Han characters: one h Dgng tgc phd ky fp^ifig written by Dang Hffu Hon in 1832, and the other is Dgng tgc gia phd ky ^^^t$-i^ written by Dang Ngpc Oanh in the year of Duy Tan At Mao (1915) inVSn Lieu hamlet, Uy Viin village (now Uy Viin village, Nghi Xudn district Ha Tinh province) Thanks to those materials we have found the biography of Dang Nhdn Cam, a courtier under the Nguyin Dynasty Key words: Courtiers under Nguyen dynasty, Dgng Nhan Cam, Dang tpe gia pha ky c /fl nhihig cflng thdn cOa vuang trifiu Nguyin nhu Do Thanh Nhon, Vo Tanh, Ngo Tflng Chu, Nguyin Vdn Thanh, Lfi Vdn Duyet, , tiSu stt ro rang, stt sach ghi chep rit phong phii Nhung Igi cfl nhihig cfing thdn thuo iy tilu stt mfl nhat, stt sach ghi chep thilu sflt Thdng nam 2016, chiing tfli vfi xd Long Hung, huyen Lap Vo, tinh Dfing Thdp thi thiy noi day diy du mg phan cflng thdn nha Nguyin la Dang Nhdn Cdm va phu nhdn Dao Thj Hanh Ddn Idng vd dflng hp Ddng fl day rat ty hdo gpi fing la "Thiiy su Dfi dfic" Khflng xa noi ong bd an nghi la noi thfl ty vua Gia Long ciing nhttng diu tich truyfin thuyfit vfi mgt vimg can ctt dja ciia fing vua ddy nghiep mfl diu vuong trifiu Nguyen ma phd ve sau ggi la "Cham mang trgeh" voi nhttng ao dam, song nuflc, cfl dai hilm trfl The nhung, tilu stt ciia Dang Nhan Cam thl nao, chiin cong ciia fing thi stt sach ciia nha Nguyfin it ghi chep, hoac chi Id ggi mfl, sinh cau hfli? Chdng hgn, sdeh Hodng Viet Long chi X^^^ikcho bilt: Sau ldy dugc tiianh Dien Khdnh (At Mao nam 1795) The tfl (chi chua Nguyfin Phiic Anh, sau la vua Gia Long) sai Bfi Le ghi ten cac cong than trgn vong vd om chet ttt ' TS Vifin Nghien cttu Hdn Nfim TiM LAI TIEU SIJ MOT C N G THAN THOI NGUYEN trung tfli chiin dich Dien Khdnh, lgp din tha Hien Trung fl Gia Dinh' Sach Gia Dinh thdnh thdng cki ^ ^ J ^ i t l t c i i a Trjnh Hoai Dttc cho bilt them: ''Nam At Mdo iy (din Hifin Trung) dung din tho cac cflng thin khai sang trung Nam Giap Ty Gia Long thtt (1804), vang chi stta lai nha thfl Tanh Quflc cong Vo Tanh Chu Qugn cflng Ngo Timg Chdu, bdy than vj o chinh giira, ngoai thi theo thtt ty bay o ta huu, ghi fl Hgi difin Bg Le, xudn thu hai ky tl le, le cfl 25 le phu"'^ Dgi Nam thuc lyc chinh biin De nhdi ky quyfin XXIV, thyc luc vl Thfi tfi Cao hoang dB, Iam ro han viec tren fl nam Giap Ty; Ngodi hai vj trfin dugc thfl fl gian chinh gitta, cfln cfl nhieu cflng than fl nhieu gian dfin, cgng I0I5 nguoi, gtti cho luu trdn thin chl bai vi dl thfl^ Trong dfl, cfl nhung ngufli dugc thfl fl gian hihi nhj nhu Dgng Cdm Trong den nay, cttng voi nhung cfing thin sang nghifip ldy lung nhu Vo Tanh, Ngfi Tung Chdu, chttng tfl Dang Cdm ciing dugc xep vdo cong than khai sang Nhung cfl phdi Dang Cdm la Dang Nhdn Cam khflng? thi vdn chua du can ctt Sach Dgi Nam thuc lyc ckink biin De nkdt ky, quyen cfl nhdc tfli mgt nhdn vdt la Dang Dgi Cuong Id nguai ma theo cdc vj nghien cttu stt sdeh va gia phd hg cho bifit: Tren thyc te ong Dgi Cuong cfl quan he vfli Ddng Nhdn Cam nhung sach Dgi Nam iy Igi khflng cho biet quan he cu the Sdeh iy, quyin 48 cfl nhdc tfli mgt nhan vat trimg ten vfli Dang Nhdn Cim la Ddng Dinh Cam ldm Thiem sy Hp bg sung Hg tao Bdc Thanh dl ta phai suy nghT: ai? Ddng Cam hay Dgng Dinh Cam la Dang Nhdn cim? Soi tfl vdo dam suang mil ttong stt sach dy, lam rfi hon phdi chang la dua vao van bdn pha k^ chtt Hdn? Cuon Ddng tge gia pkd ky S P : ^ ^ t f i£ tt thon Vdn Lieu, xd Uy Vien, tong Phan Xa, phii Dttc Quang, trin Dang Nggc Oanh j kinh can bien chep ^ vdo ndm Duy Tan ^ At Mdo (I9I5) chi Nghe An xua AA^ * * '^ * ^ ^ ?" '" '^ il i t t S cho biet ngufln gflc JS J, (t ^ a ^^ ciia Ddng Nhan Cdm * t '^ I \ f J fl thfin, xa, huyen, V ?^ ^ -'^ ^ I ! phii, tinh nfli tren, ,£ ^ *^ s ''' ^ ^^ gdn voi cha la Ctt ^ j^ ** ^ nhdn tuflc Trach * "^ 1' *• i Xudn hiu Dang ST ^^f K ^ t Quan va fing ngi Id ^^ « ^ ^ ngufli d§ khoa Hodnh ' A'^hlcuengiapha Ttt, tuflc Lieu Quan cua Djng HQU Hon cfing vfli ten la Dang ST Vinh Phd dfl ke cac bd chinh that, ke thdt gan vfli cdi ciia Dang ST Quan Trong dfl, neu ro ba ke that hg Dgu sinh trai gai Trai: Nhit lang ten buy la Cdm, ten chtt la Nhan Cdm, sinh ngdy 05 thdng 05 nam Giap Ty dfli Le Cdnh Hung (1744) tning Tam truflng, nam 31 tufli xa hgi cfl bien Ong di cu phuang Nam Khflng ro Nhj lang ten hiiy Id Cdm, ten chu la Nhdn Cam, trung Khfla sinh Quflc gia cfl bifin, di cu phuang Nam Khfing ro Tu ddy tta di, phd bo trfing, khong cho bifit ro phdn dfli dai, quan trgng hon, cfln lai cua flng timg lam nfin su nghiep hifin hdch Vdy cin diln vac chfi dfl, cufln Dgng tgc pkd ky Ddng Hihi Hon kinh cin bien tap nam 1832 dfli vua Minh Menh, Id cufin pha cfl hon cufin ciia Dang Nggc Odnh, fl thfli gan voi vua Gia Long va Ddng Nhdn Cdm hon nen cfl dilu kien ghi chep ddy du ban, chinh xac hon vfi tieu stt va chien cong ctta Ddng Nhan Cdm vd em fing la Ddng Nhdn Cim Cuon phd gflm 10 ttang chtt Han, kifiu chtt chdn, kfch thuflc (15,5 x 26,5 cm) vilt trfin gidy dfl Pha cho bifit: D|ing Nhdn Cam chinh la Dang Cim, ngufli md stt da ghi la cfing ... Nhdn ^M>hJ^ hieu dinh, in tgi co sfl NghTa Lgi, phfl Hang Dao, Ha Ngi nam Khdi Dinh Ki Mtti (1919) Trong dfl, fl ttang ddu tifin, ghi: "7a Ao chdn truyin dia ly Diin Tu San Nhdn hieu chink, pkdt... ri~n¥Lm»i.^'m^^^^^iTd Ao chdn truyen dia ly Difin Ty San Nhdn hifiu dinh, phdt hanh tgi co sfl NghTa Lgi, phfl Hang Ddo vao mtta xudn nam Ky Mtti nien hieu Khdi Djnh (1919)" - Ttt ti^g din trang 51 ghi vfi 28 each... ?i]# (Thfi huyfit nguoi lai bufin ngfli dufii) Cdeh thtt 21, Tkgck tku cao phi liiu mdn TiM HltXJ 28 CACH CHQN TH^ ©AT TRONG to rgng Id huyfit qu^) Cach thtt 22, Triing dm tu tuyet i^^ft (Thfi