Khảo sát phương đình văn loại của nguyễn văn siêu

KHAO SAT PHlfONG BINH VAN LOAI CUA NGUYEN VAN SIEU NGUYEN THI THANH CHUNG'*' Tom tdt: Phuong Dinh -Nguyen Van Sieu (1799-1872) la mft tac gia Idn ciia Vift Nam the ki XIX Nhung bai van xuoi bang chu Han ciia ong hdm chtta nhiiu gia tti, the hien van tdi ciia ngudi hay chtt bac nhdt mgt thdi Phuang Dinh vdn logi cua Nguyen Van Sieu dugc mfin ciia ong suu tam va khac in nam 1882 Van khac dugc in nhiiu ddu sach vdi nhttng cuon day dii vd co nhttng cuon hi thieu khuyfit Van ban ca sd cua tac phim Id nhom van ban day du dugc luu trtt tgi Vien Nghien cttu Han Nfim Van ban vilt tay CO chep tac phdm van xudi cua Phuong Dinh hifn dugc xac djnh la van ban Sfi lugng tac phdm thufc van loai eda Phucmg Dinh gim 241 bdi ban khdc in, bai ban viet tay, bdi ttong ban viet tay ton nghi Trong 246 bai dd dugc xac djnh, s6 bai da dugc dich la 138 bai Phuang Binh vdn logi thyc sy dat thdch thttc cQng nhu hua hen tyu doi vdi hgc gidi suu tam, djch thudt va nghien cttu tac pham Tie khoa: Phucmg Binh vdn logi, Phuong Dinh - Nguyfin Van Sieu, van xuoi chtt Han, van bdn ca sd, khac in nam 1882, 246 bdi Abstract: Phuong Dinh - Nguyen Van Sieu (1799 -1872) is one of Vietnam's great writers in the nineteenth century His proses written in Han language contain many values, disclosing his great writing talent as compared with his contemporary Phuong Binh van loai by Nguyen Van Sieu was collected and engraved in 1882 by his disciples His engraved texts were printed into a lot of books, among them some are well preserved compared with the original, and some are deffective The well preserved texts of this work are those which are being stored at Institute of Han Nom Studies Apart from that, the number of copies in handwriting is six, all in all The set of Phuong Dinh works include 241 versions in engraved printing, versions in hand-writing copy, and one hand-writing copy is now available Among 246 identified worses, 138 works have been translated Phuong Dinh van loai is actually posing challenges, but also promising to achieve for the scholar circles in their job of collecting, translating and studying Keywords: Phuong Binh van loai Phuong Dinh - Nguyen Van Sieu, the Chinese proses, basic text, engraved in 1882, 246 works P huang Dinh - Nguyfin Vdn Sifiu dja Ii vdi y thttc nghiem can vfi qud (1799 - 1872) la mgt tdc gia lfln cua Viet Nam ttong thl ki XIX Ong da khdo thugt, tmdc tac tten nhifiu ITnh vuc nhu van chuang, giao due, tu tudng, ljch stt, trinh sang tgo: "Ngam ra, an thi nguoi Iam ragng cay thay ta, d thi nguoi tiig lam tiiay ta, dttng thi ngudi budn bao trao '*'PGS.TS Dai hgc Su phgm Ha Ngi 60 K H A O SAT PHVONG BINH VAN LOAI doi thay ta Vdy nen, ttdch nhifm nguoi ddi ddi hdi d ta cung khdng phdi nhe Neu ta coi vifc la mdt dilu tdc ttach thi chdng hda da phy quan vucmg va ngudi ddi ddy sao? ( ) Smh d thdi dgi simg vdn chuang nay, anh lgi la mgt kfi sT thi cdn xem sy ti'eh luy cua anh cd dilu ^ dang diing, hgc tiiuat ctta anh cfl difiu ^ dang trayfin, hay anh chi dem khoa cu che ta ldp mdt ngudi ddi?" (Di mon Bdi Duang Ngd Hi Phan tku) Trong nhung tdc pham hifin cdn cua dng, nhftng bai van xuoi chft Han hdm chtta nhifiu gia tri, thfi hifin van tai ctta ngudi hay chu bdc nhat mgt thdi Tuy nhifin, nhftng tac phdm chua dugc nghien cttu mgt each hf thfing tu van ban din gid trj Trong bai vifit nay, chttng tdi khdo sat van ban Pkuang Dinh vdn logi vd xac dinh mft sfl vdn de huu quan tim hifiu tac phdm L Khao sat van ban niuDi^Knh van kiai LLKhdo sdt vdn ldn khdc in 1.1.1 Tkdi gian khdc in Tmdc tac cua Phuong Dinh dugc cac hgc ttd cuafingthu thdp vd khdc vdn in sau fing mat 10 ndm Trong bai Tiiu ddn ctta Phuang Dinh di tap, hgc ttd ctta Nguyen Van Sifiu '\a Tien sT Vu Nhy dd vilt: " - f t + ^ # - ' i f ; L - ^ # ^ i ^ ^ c g / Hgu thgp nien du, sinh ddng ndi khdc hgp bong khdi diiu, ikuy ddc Tuy but lyc lyc quyin, Dfa cki ngQ quyin, Vdn lgp ngU quyin, Thi tap lu quyenl Sau hon mudi nam ttt Thay mdt, cac mfln gdp sttc khdc in trade tac ctta Thdy, ban dau dugc Tity btit lyc quyfin, Dia cki quyen, Vdn tap quyfin, Tki lap quyfin" Lac khodn ttong Tiiu ddn ghi: "M.$H^%%%-^ iL.S + i h f e / Hodng Piiu Tg Due vgn vgn niin chi tam thdp ngQ liiu xudn ede nkgll Ngdy tdt, thang tifiu xudn, nam thtt 35 thdi Tu Dttc" Nhu vay, Pkuang Dink vdn logi dugc khdc in cttng Phuang Dinh luy but, Phuang Dink tki lap, Pkuang Dink dia ehi logi vdo nam 1882 1.1.2 Bd cyc vd kinh thtic cua vdn bdn Ban khdc in Pkuang Dinh vdn logi dugc dflng thdnh quyen, gdm phan: ^ • ^ X i l l f ; f t - ^ - (Phuang Dink vdn logi gidp tgp quyen cki nhdt), if^ X ^ ^ ^ i L - ^ (Phuang Dinh vdn logi dt tap quyin chi nki), ' ^ ^ X ^ ^ ^ (Phucmg Dink vdn logi bink tap), if^y^ MT^M ^^ (Pkuang Dink vdn logi dink tap quyin ehl td), "^ •^ X IS *^ ^ (Pkuang Dink vdn logi tye tap), if^X M$:^ M ^ (Phuang Dinh vdn logi khdnh diiu biet luc) Van bdn dugc khac in voi thfi chft chan phuong, moi ttang cd cdt, mfli cgt 20 chu Sach cd khung ttang vd duong ke cgt ro rang Rfin sach dugc trang tri hinh dufii ca, cd ghi ten sach, sfl quyfin, so trang Dudi ddy la bdn chyp mfit td vdn ban khac in: TJS.P CHI HAN N M SO (140) - 2017 NGUYiN THI THANH CHUNG Hinh I: Ban khSc in Phucmg Dinh v&n logi 1.1.3 Xde dinh bdn ca sd cua bdn kkdc in Van khac ndy dugc in thdnh nhifiu ddu sach, hifn dang luu trft tai Vifn Nghifin cuu Han Nflm (VNCHN) va Thu vien Qufic gia Vift Nam (TVQGVN)*'* Vdn ban mang ki hifu A va VHv thuflc TT "\ Cau trdc Ban 10 VHv,839/l-4 VHv.840/1 - VHv.841/1-5 VHv.842/1 - VHv.235/1-4 VHv 15/1-4 VHv.1497/1-4 A.190/1-2 A.2672/I - VHv 1834 11 12 13 14 VHv 1599 R.1218 R.12I9 R.1220 62 Quyfin Nhat (68 td) ^ \ ^ ^ VNCHN, ki hifu R tiiudc TVQGVN Bang khao sat dudi day ctmg cap thdng tin ve tinh nguyen toan timg ddu sach md chttng tfli da khdo sat Ddu + ki hifiu cd van ban, ddu - ki hifu khdng cd van ban: Quyen Nhi (59 td) Quyen Tam (101 td) Quyen Ttt (100 td) Tgc tgp (90 td) Khdnh dieu biet lyc (3 ltd) -1- + -1- + + + + + + -1-1- -1- + + + + + + + + + -1-1- + -1- + -1- -1- -l- -1-1- + + + + + + + + + + + -14- + + -1- - + + + + - - + - + -1- - + + + -1- + + + -1- + - - - KHAO SAT PHVONG BINH VAN LOAI Nhu vay, 14 ddu sdeh ttfin cd thfi chia thdnh nhflm vdn ban nguyfin todn vd nhdm van bdn thifiu khuyfit Nhdm vdn ban nguyfin toan gflm cac sach mang ki hifu VHV.839/M, VHv.840/1-5, VHv.841/1-5, VHv.842/1-5, VHv.235/1-4, VHv.l5/M, VHv.1497/1-4, A.190/1-2, A.2672/1-2, Nhom van ban thifiu khuyet gfim cac sach mang ki hifiu VHv.1834, VHv.1599, R.1218, R.I2I9, R.1220 Nhflm tiiilu khuyfit cdn cd mgt sd hgn chfi khac nhu: trinh ty van ban bj ddo (sach mang ki hifu VHv 1834 tiieo tiinh tii Pkuang Dink vdn logi luc tgp, Phuang Dinh vdn logi khdnk diiu Phuang Dinh vdn logi qieyin nhdt), bj nhdm td (VHv.1599 bi nhdm ti^g 48 TT quyfin sang quyfin 2), thifiu td (sach mang ki hifu VHv 1834 tiiilu td 67, 68), tinh tfang sach khdng tfit (sach mang cdc ki hifiu R1218, R.12I9, R.1220 bj rdeh ndt mgt sfi ttang ddu) Ket luan, ban co sd ctta van ban khdc in Pkuang Dinh vdn logi cfla Nguyfin Van Sieu la nhimg ddu sdeh thuge nhdm van ban nguyfin todn Men dugc luutiTitai VNCHN 1.1.4 Sd lugng tdc phdm Pong bdn khdc in Sfl lugng bai ttong Phucmg Dinh vdn logi dugc thfing ke ttong bang sau (Nhan dfi chi tifit tai Phy lyc): Phirffng Btnh van loai *fx«f»*i- **3L«Z.**il- #»*««« #**«T**i::i3 ^fxmm» iffxmaL^Mm T6ns Kit lugn ve vdn bdn khdc in: Phuang Dinh vdn logi dugc khac in vao ndm 1882, van khdc dugc in thdnh nhifiu ddu sach hifn dang dugc luu trft tgi VNCHN va TVQGVN Nhiing ddu sach cd thl phan chia nhdm nguyen todn va nhom khuyet thieu Ban co sd la nhihig ddu sach thugc nhdm nguyfin toan dugc luu tiu' tgi VNCHN Ban khdc in Phuang Dinh van logi gflm quyfin cilia thdnh phdn vdi tdng so 241 bdi 1.2 Khao sdt v&n ban viet tay S6bai 24 40 54 47 48 28 241 Van ban vifit tay dugc xdc dinh cfl tdc phdm van logi ctta Phuong Dmh gflm: Nhftng vdn ban (hoac mgt phan van bdn) cd ghi Phuang Dinh vdn logi ^ ^ X l K , Pkuang Dinh tki vdn logiif^i^X^ Vdn ban khdng cd nhan dfi Pkuang Dinh vdn logi nhung cd ghi chep cac bai van ciia Phuong Dmh vdi cac thfi vdn nhu bieu ^ sd ^ bi ^, ki il, tu J^, bgt ^ Hifn tai, nhfing van ban vifit tay cd ghi chfip tac phdm van logi cua Phuong Duih ma chttng tdi xac dinh dugc Id vdn ban'' hifn dang luu trft tgi VNCHN, cy thfi: T/JiP CHi HAN N M S6 (140) - 2017 TT INIian at; *?-*!đôft *f#*'ô #*»» *olf,i:i*R*,±#» giRHBf;** i««* 1.2.1 Phucmg Dinh vdn logi bink tap (-^^i^m^^), ki hifiu VHv.1407, gfim 102 td, 53 bdi 53 bdi hoan toan trung khop vfli ban khac in Phuang Dinh vdn logi bink tgp Dudi day Id dnh chyp mgt ttang van ban: NGUYSH THI THANH CHUNG KihiSu VHv 1407 A 187 VHv.242 VHv.2349 A.I260 A.2589 lyc quyin cki lu), 30 td Van ban khdng cfl khung trang va dudng ke cdt, mfli ttang gdm cft, moi cdt 20 chtt, chu vilt chan phuong Dudi ddy la anh chup mgt trang vdn ban: Hlnh 3: Anh chyp Phuang Dinh thi van lo(fi A Hinh 2: Anh ch\ip Phucmg Dinh van loai binh lap Trong vdn bdn vifit tay nay, Phuang Dinh vdn logi gfim 63 td, VHv.1407 tdng sfl 35 bdi Trong 35 bai van 1.2.2 Phuang Dink thi vdn logi (-^ ' ^ # : * I S ) , ki hifu A 187 Sach cfl 30 bdi trung vdi van ban khac in gfim : if ^^^-^^(Phuang Dinh Mgn Dudi day la bang khao sat sy triing khdp tdc phdm gitta Phuang Dinh tgp), 41 td if ^ X M ^ — vdn logi Phuang Dinh thi vdn (Pkuang Dinh vdn logi quyen nhdt), 31 td : ^ ^ X ^ - = - (Pkuang Dink vdn logi (ki hifiu A.187) va bdn khdc in (nhan d l ctta mgt so bai hai logi quyin nhi), 32 td l i l ^ ^ ^ ^ — van bdn cfl thfi khac mgt vai (Tiiy but luc quyin chi nkdt), 36 td ^ ^ ^^^::~ (Tiiy biit lyc quyen chi nhi), chft nhung khong anh hudng den ngi 25 td ^ ^ ^ k - ^ ^ (Tuy but luc quyin dung tac pham): chi lam), 43 td, ^ ^ k - i ^ ^ (Tity biit TT 64 TSn bai srnii- ««ft**l:jbitittAflA^*tx 5^**.*f^A«±^-^'^'J-^ « • * * * Bdn vilt tay Quv^n nhat Quyen nhdt Quven nhdt Quyen nhat Ban IdiSc in/ Thiir tur bai Quyen tam/24 Khong CO Khong c6 Quyen tft/37 KHAO SAT PHUONG BINH VAN LOAI 7' 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 *J;.i»«*«tSst* Quyen nhi/7 «,«*«»** 1.2.6 Bick vien tm ^dm (%^'%%), la dnh chyp trang van bdn cd bai ki hifu A.2589, quyfin, 79 td, gfim 439 Cung luc Ldp Trai bien ki if" • I ^ ' bdi Sfl cgt ttfin mdt trang, sd chft tten mgt cgt khong cd dinh Cac tac phdm Biek viin ldo gidm dugc xac djnh Id cua Phuong Dinh \d sy tiung khdp voi cac ban * ,; J t •; khdc in va vifit tay tha ca khac ctta fii^ Troi^ Bick vien ldo gidm cd bai van la Tam Ngd kiy (-=.-S-1£.:%) va Cung luc Lap Trai biin ki ( ^ : ^ # ^ - i & ) Bai Tam ngd M y ttong Bich viin too gidm tuong dflng vdi bai thtt 40 cd nhan d l Du Tam Ngd ki ( ^ ^ - ^ ^ ) ban khdc in Pkuang Dinh vdn logi bink Hinh 7: Anh chyp Bich vien tao gidm A.2589 tdp Bai Cung lye Lap Trai biin ki Nhu vay, so vdi van bdn khdc in tgm xep vao logi tfin nghi Dudi day Pkuang Dink vdn logi, ban van vifit tay cfl chep vdn cua Nguyen Vdn II I, I I Mfu- TAP CHI HAN NOM SO (140) - 2017 Sifiu chi chep mgt phan Van ban viet tay nhifiu nhdt cdc tac pham van logi ctta Phuong Dinh la 53 bdi, it nhat la bai Hdu hfit nhihig bai van thugc cac vdn ban vifit tay dfiu trttng vdi ban khac in Sd bai van md cac ban vifit tay bfi sung dugc cho ban khac in la bdi Sfi bai tdn nghi dugc xac djnh ttt ban vifit tay Id bdi Suy nghl ve suu tam, dich chu, nghien cuu Phirong Dinh vdn loai Khi suu tdm va khac in trude tac ctta Nguyin Vdn Sifiu vdo nam 1882, sau Nguyfin Van Sifiu mdt ban 10 nam, cdc mfln dfl ctta dng da can ttgng dttng chtt tkiiy ddc (ban dau dugc) Bdi nhieu nguyfin nhdn nhu quan nifm vfi trude tac, hoan cdnh chien tranh, dgc trung hgu, y thuc suu tdm va bao qudn nen van ban tdc phdm ctta tdc gia Vift Nam khfl cdn nguyfin ven Van bdn tac phdm cua Nguyen Van Sifiu vdi ITnh vyc nhu van chuong, dja \*»*jE.40.a =.*1E.41.«!R.«tK.42.ftifl4K.43.»A «?# *«lt.44.»?JI«.45.*.A#ft«.46.#«« 47.S«l*.48.iH»)*.49.«*J, + «9!A #P KHAO SAT PHlfONG BINH VAN LOAI «.50.« * « A {| 51 * * 'J' 51.52 S * ã!5l.53.ft a f |.54.*(t.Pi|!Ai!ôô-E -l-SSI * * * « T « * ^ r a : l.«t**mi* ±R «A*.2.|lI*)t+«l»Iit±A***-3-Rl* S S * S m i t i * * * * « ItA-ftPliti B i « * A S R ^ « * » t t #»* 6.#,»S*» tt-J#SI.7.]»l*1fjL»l51it±***X 8.X *«-«».l-*.9.]SI«t**it±*««*l.l0 Si4*iE.I>l i t ± K # * f f c * l l B # f * r « f t #*-**l*.12.|Sl#t«#(t»«*.A.13.-R l**At#SHp*tSa #*.34.A*3ô.R,*#ô*5t.h#x.35.i=rD /^A**it***.36.lằlJ!*-tAi*ft, *.37.ằ*ôlx.38.UlR*ô-fft*,'iJg-ô!iƠ *.39.m*XL*ô*.*i*#>=rằliô*.40.|!l ô*S*ô*J^t*.ô,Rô* 41.S:t*i8:*t ôằằằ ã r f - ^ * i i i r R * ^ f t « * t * t * K#«A±fl-«.44.««*.itttHi«W^* ±a;ttKxAKi''SMt*.45.i«iRiti*^^ft *fl-*C.46.3t*«i*«*ffi-*i.47.-(illt».e * ? * « * » : !.«»«»A*l«Hi.2.>i *llfA»E**«».3.!iTrt*»*««^SrS ft«.4.« J,»Si:-*ltt« t « x « # # i « AK.t±*#««*.6.«**«s|S»*fl t#ôS*.7.H*1c>h**('Tô*3i:#wit ã 8.ôi=r**SIS* * K * , i t t * « A i r * * « * « » **±*«.10.«S,!iS«S it.l3.***'**ftR.-f»»*.14.* $(t,Sl *.16«»*;fft4t#*iiS.a«i€».l' tt.l7.«»*«J,5f « « ^ S # r t * ± » «•!« a J ^ t « # X K f t « * * « + »t» *.A4l*«fl-«.20.*»*«i!U:»»£.2i.« ai«*l!S.'!f*r«S«.et:feEft JL.22.«?3'l*I;t* «li'K»«»«*»A«*.#^+St-A-(tx.23 « J < * * * « JLS/*4.25,W*«.26.f J» tt 27.|6)lI#»t4».28 + i t i t S - / a t # l * «,.29.«SJ)«Ai(#S:ftx.30.«iT;li$>h xStS # f f e t * « * f t » * « t ằ Ơ * S t ã*-ôô*:fcSfttt*fJi#iti3t.32.ô#,i=r ã ie#i*ằflôôjR.33.ôằJ,WJaf-5t6liằj; 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