Ghi dấu những bậc tiền nhân qua cấu đối hán nôm ở một số ngôi đình đền xứ biên hòa, đồng nai

GHI DAU NHCTNG BAC TIEN NHAN QUA CAU DOI HAN NOM MOT SO NGOI DINH DEN XlT BIEN HOA, DONG NAI NGUYEN VAN N G O A N ' Tom tat: Bien Hda - Dong Nai cd dugc su phat frien ve mpi mp ddi sdng xa hpi nhu hom la cdng sue cua bidt bao ngudi da gdp phan dung xay Noi day ghi dau nhimg bgc tidn nhdn nhu: Nguyen Huu Canh, Tran Thugng Xuyen, Doan Van Cy, Nguydn Tri Phuang, Trinh Hoai Due, Biii HiJu NghTa, Huynh Van Nghe, Binh Nguydn Lpc Bai vilt dua fren tu lieu cau ddi chff Han Nom d cac dinh, ddn dd giiip hidu ro han ve cong lao khai pha vimg ddt phuang Nam ciia cac bac tidn nhan, Tiekhda: tidn nhan, cdng lao, ghi nhan, khai md, xii Bien Hoa, nhan dan Abstract: Nowadays, the development of Bien Hoa - Dong Nai is marked by great confributions from different strata of life This place is marked by great works of arts of Nguyen Huu Canh, Tran Thuong Xuyen, Doan Van Cu, Nguyen Tri Phuong, Trinh Hoai Duc, Bui Huu Nghia, Huynh Van Nghe, Binh Nguyen Loc This paper collects cau doi from dinh den (temples) to study about the confributions made by the ancestors who explored and exploit the land ofthe South Keywords: predecessor, merit, memory, reclaim, Bien Hoa area, people Dan nh^p Nhdc din lich sft Bidn Hda - Ddng NP la nhdc din cdng lao khP pha md mang bd cdi cfta cac the he tidn nhdn Nhftng bdc tidn nhan dd la nhung cP ten nhu Nguydn Hun CPih, Trdn Thugng Xuyen, DoPi Van Cu, Nguyen Tri Phucmg, Bui Hiru NghTa, Huynh Van Nghd, Trinh HoP Dftc tdn tudi cua hg dd di vao Uch sft mgt each o P hftng De ghi nhd cdng lao cua cac dng, the he chau d Bidn Hda- Ddng Nai da ldy ten cfta cac dng d p tdn cho mgt sd dinh ttdn dia bdn phd Bidn Hda - Ddng Nai nhu: dinh Nguyin Tri Phuang, dinh Nguydn Hiiu Cdnh, dinh Dodn Van Cy hay nhu dinh Tdn Ldn (din thd Trdn Thugng Xuyen), phudng Hda Binh, Bien Hda - Ddng N P , khdng mang tdn cua dftc dng Tran Thugng Xuydn nhung lai thd dng vd cd nhieu cdu ddi chu Han ca nggi cdng lao, tai nang, due va cdt cdeh cua dng T h p vay, cdng lao, tP ndng, dftc dg va cdt each cfta cac bac tidn nhan t h p s\r la nidm tu hao, la nhiing bai hgc vo gia cho thd he chdu noi theo ^k ghi nhd cdng lao ciia ho, the he chdu da thdng ' ThS Dp hpc Thu Dau Mdt, Binh Duong 61 T^P CHi HAN N M SO (145) - 2017 qua nhiiu each thl hidn nhu ghi chep lich sft, tac tugng, dung bia, d p ten dinh va thd cac dng tai dinh Iang Trong khudn khd bP vilt, chung tdi chi gidi thidu mgt sd cau ddi Han Ndm ghi nhd cdng lao, tdi nang, dftc dp vd cdt cdeh cfta cdc bdc tien nhdn cd cong khP phd ddt phuong Nam ndi chung va Bien Hda, Ddng Nai ndi ridng d mdt sd ngdi dinh tieu bilu xft Bidn Hda - Ddng Nai Cum di tich dinh - den Nguyen Hiru Canh 1.1 Luge sir vi dinh Dmh tdn ggi la dinh Bmh Kinh, thd Nguydn Hun Cdnh nen cdn gpi la den thd Nguyin Hftu Canh, tga Iftc bdn ddng sdng Ddng NP, dudi chan cdu Ghdnh thudc xd Hidp Hda, phd Bidn Hda, tinh Ddng N P Dinh dugc xay dung vao khodng cudi the ky XVII, vdi tdn gpi ban ddu Id mdt ngdi miiu, sau dugc nang len thPih d n h Binh Hoanh; Nguyen Huu Cdnh qua ddi (1700), ngudi ddn Ddng N P ttdn ttpng cdng lao cfta dng dd cai dinh Binh Hodnh tiianh Binh Kinh dl thd dng, vdi ldng ngudng vgng sdu sdc Dinh dugc xay dung Ip vao ndm 1851 vd da ttdi qua nhieu Idn trung tu, kidn ttuc hi^n tdn theo ldi chu dinh ( T ) , cdc hoanh phi cdu ddi chft Han Ndm ciing ldn lugt dugc ngudi ddn xft Bidn Hda ghi tac len tudng, kham vao go vd dvmg d (Bnh, vdi ngi dung ndi ve dmh Bmh Kinh vd ca nggi cong lao, dftc ciing nhu cdt cdeh cua bdc tiln nhdn Nguyen Hun Cdnh sinh nam 1650 t p Phudc Long, xa Chuang Tin, huy^n Phong Ldc, tinh Quang Binh, la ngudi thft mgt gia dinh cd truyin thong danh tudng cfta nhd Nguyen Thud nhd da la ngudi thdng minh hpc gidi, cd NGUYiN VAN NGOAN tP thao luge, van vd song toan Ong dugc chfta Nguydn ttgng dyng ban tude Le Thanh hau, cft giii chuc C P co Dau ndm Mau Dan (1698), chfta Nguydn Phftc Chu cft Nguyen Hiin Canh vao Nam kinh Iugc thidt lap bg may hdnh chinh vftng ddt phia Nam td qudc, dd cd Bidn Hda - Ddng Nai vd nhieu cdng lao khac da dugc sft sach ghi chep Ong qua ddi ngdy 16 thang ndm Canh Thin (1700) va de ghi nhd cdng lao, tP ndng dftc cua dng, ngudi dan Ddng N P da ddi dinh Binh Hoanh thugc thdn Binh HoPih, tdng Tran Bidn (xua) thdnh dinh Binh Kinh thugc xa Hiep Hda, phd Bidn Hda, tinh Dong NP (nay) dd thd dng Song song vdi do, nhirng cau ddi Han Ndm ciing dugc ngudi ddn Ddng Nai Idn lugt ghi tac, bP tti d dinh de thd dng 1.2 Cdu doi Hdn Nom Due trgng thien thu, kg quSc an kkang khai biin tho; Cong cao vgn dgi, li ddn kdm cdm tri^u Nam ckdu (Dftc ttgng ngdn thu, giftp nude an dan md mang bd cdi; Cdng cao mudn thud, todn ddn cdm kich md phuang Nam) Bink, pkuc nhi kinh, vgn cd cdng cao anphu&c ikuy; Kink, khai cuang tkd, tkien thu due trgng phoi thank thien (Binh, dinh hP kinh, muon tiiud cdng cao ydn phudc thfty; GHI DAU NHUNG BAC TIEN NHAN QUA CAU DOL Kinh, khP bd cSi, ngan nam dftc ttpng sang ttdi cao) Binh, diin san kd, li nguyen hdm dgi hiru; Kinh, khai cuong thd, tkien hg ick ddng nhdn (Binh, dinh nfti sdng, mgi ngudi von deu cd cdng lao; Kinh, md bd cdi, thidn mgi ngudi deu sinh ich) Binh, an viin luge tku ki kudn, ton kinh iku&ng long le hu&ng Kink, ckiiu Uch trieu xteng vT Hit, kiin linh bdl mpt tinh thdnh (Binh, an sach Iugc mudn thud ITnh chiu an sau, tdn kinh ludn day Ie tl, Kinh, dgi bao trieu da qua dung la chdi Igi, hien Iinh chdng giam Idng thdnh) Khdng nhae den ten cua mgt nhan v p lich sft nao, song qua cdu ddi chu Han Ndm bdi tri d dinh cdng lao, dftc dp, phdch cua nhung ngudi cd cdng vdi nhPi dan, dat nude nhu dang hien hien vdi ngudi dPi, ddng hanh cftng ngudi dan ttong cuOc sdng Cum di tich dinh-den Nguyen Tri PhiroTig 2.1 Luge sie vi dink Dmh My Khanh, thd Nguyen Tri Phuong ndn cdn dugc ggi den thd Nguyen Tri Phucmg, Id mgt co sd tui ngudng gdn bd vdi ddi sdng tinh thPi cfta ngudi ddn Bidn Hda-Ddng Nai tft xua Nguyen thfty, dinh My Khanh thd thdn Thdnh hodng bdn cdnh, dugc xdy dung nam 1873 (theo ddu tich dugc ghi d dinh), tga lac bdn hiiu ngan sdng Ddng Nai, xua thudc thdn My Khdnh, tinh Bidn Hda, la phudng Biiu Hda, TP Bidn Hda, tinh Ddng Nai Sau danh tudng Nguyen Tri Phuong mdt, nhdn ddn Bien Hda da tac tugng vd thd dng tai dinh Tft do, dinh Iang My Khanh cung dugc ngudi dan gpi la ddn thd Nguyen Tri Phuong Nguyen Tri Phuang ty Ham Trinh, hidu Dudng Xuyen, sinh ngdy 09 tiidng 09 ndm 1800, ttong mgt- gia dinh cd truydn thdng ydu nude vd hieu hgc d tinh Thfta Thien Thud thidu thai, Nguydn Tri Phuong td rd la ngudi thdng minh cd y chi, horn bao vd dftc hem ngudi Mdi tudi 23, dng da dugc tidn cft vao Iam viec t p tridu dinh nhd Nguyin Qua ba ttilu vua Minh Mang, Thieu Tri va Tu Due, Nguyin Tri Phuong ludn dugc tin dung va gift nhidu ttgng ttdch nhu: Thugng thu Bg Lp, Bd Cdng, Bg Bmh, Hidu dien D p hgc sy Trude qudn thft, dng Id mgt diing tudng va la bac hien tdi ttong ldng ddn Vi mdnh nude, Nguyin Tri Phuong da di khap mgi mien ddnh dudi gide ngop xam, lap nhidu cdng ttang, ddn ddu dng ciing ddu thu phue nhdn tdm, md mang kinh td d Ong qua ddi d tudi 73, ttong cugc tu chidn vdi qudn Phdp t p thPih Hd Ndi Sdng oai hftng, chet oanh lidt, ngudi dPi Bien Hda - Ddng Nai da tdn kinh thd dng vdi nidm tin sdu sac, dng se phu hg cho mua thupi gid hda, cugc sdng dm no hanh phftc Nhieu hoanh phi, cau ddi chu Han dugc ngudi dan xft Bien Hda khdc ghi qua nhieu Idn trung tu dinh dl tudng nhd cdng lao, cdt each cua dng 2.2 Cdu ddi Hdn Ndm T ^ P CHi HAN NOM SO (145) - 2017 Ddng Ngi (Nai), thity thdng sudt bdi hink bd Iran, MT Khdnh, dinh ton thdn hp quoc ti ddn (pbng NP, thdng sudt bay binh bd trpi, MT Khanh, dinh tdn thdn giftp nude cftu dan) Hp quoc vgn kien thu hudn, vgn cd thank dank duong Bdeh Viii, Bdm triiu dinh vinh cdo mink, tkien thu nghi biiu dgt qudn phuang (Cdng lao dung xay dat nude, mudn thud tieng vang Bach Viet, Vang menh trieu dinh, ngdn thu td ro uy nghi tdi mudn phuang) ?bm#4^A1•*K.a,t•l#l$J^^^ Sink vi lu&ng tdn trung bdo qudc, tdm chung Viet dia lu kki, Tir kiin tkdn todn ngkia kiru ddn, Pdng cki cku Nam thien anh kdn (Sdng lam tudng het long vdi nude, diing manh hun due thidng dat Vidt, Chet hien thdn vi nghia giup ddn, y chi tao nen hdn thieng ttdi Nam) Ciim ditichffinh- den Doan Van Cur 3.1 Luge sie vi dinh Dinh ten ggi la dinh Tam Hidp, thd Doan Van Cir va 16 nghia binh ndn cdn dugc ggi la din tiid Doan Vdn Cy vd 16 nghia binh Theo sft sdeh ghi chep, dinh dugc xay dung nam 1956 dh tdn thd Dodn Vdn Cu va 16 nghTa binh, vdi kiln true theo 16i chft tam (BS), gdm hai phdn chinh: nhd v5 ca va ddn thd Phdn dinh (din thd) gdm tiln dien, gian trung didn, gian chanh dien, gian hdu didn gidng 64 NGUYiN VAN W60>AW nhu bao dinh lang Nam B6 khdc dinh, m^t ndm cd ngdy Id chinh la ngdy 8-4 am lich (Id gid chung cfta Doan Van Cy va 16 nghTa binh) va 11, 12-11 am lich (dp Id Ki yen) Theo cac tP lieu ljch sft, Doan Van Cy sinh nam 1835 t p huydn Binh An, tinh Bien Hda xua (nay la quan Thft Dftc, TP Hd Chi Minh) ttong mgt gia dinh cd tiiiyen thdng ydu nude Vl sau, DoPi Van Cu ddn cu ngu t p dp VTnh Cuu, thudc xa Tam Hiep, huyen Chau Thanh, tinh Bidn Hda (nay la phudng Tam Hiep, TP Bidn Hda, tinh Ddng Nai) sdng bdng nghe day hpc, bdc thudc, bi m p tuyen ttuyen, tap hgp luc lugng va chpn vftng Bung Kidu (thudc xa Tam Hda xua) Iam can cft chdng thyc ddn Phap Ngay 12-41905, qudn Phap tan cdng vao can cft Bung Kieu, Doan Vdn Cu cftng 16 nghTa qudn dd hy sinh ttong ttpi tdn cdng Dd tudng nhd nhiing ngudi hy sitih vi nude, ndm 1956, nhan dan ttong viing da xdy dung dinh dl thd Dodn Van Cu vd 16 nghTa binh Tuy cac tm lieu ndi ve dinh khdng cho biet trude dinh dugc xdy dung (1956), noi day da tpa lac mgt ngdi midu hoac dinh lang nao, song can cft vao kieu kidn tnic dinh vd vide td chftx; Id hdi Ki yen cau an d dinh (ngay II, 12 thdng 11) chftng tdi cho rang: trude nam 1956, noi day (Tam Hiep) dd tga lac mdt ngdi mieu hoac dinh Idng nao mang ten dia danh Tam Hiep Dieu ciing de hidu, bdi ngoP hP can cft dugc dd c^p d ttdn, chftng ta cd thd cdn cft vdo nhiing cau ddi chu Han dugc thidt tri d dinh dd chftng minh cho dieu hoac cd the thft soi chilu vao trudng hgp ddn thd Nguydn Hiiu Cdnh 'vd din thd Nguydn Tri Phuong dd ndi d tten Vide xaj; dyng den thd de tudng nhd nhftng bac tien nhan cd GHI DAU NHUNG B^iC TIEN NHAN QUA CAU D6I cdng ddi vdi nhan nhan, ddt nude Id mdt vide Iam hdt sftc trdn quy, song song cftng vdi dd la viec dimg cau ddi chft Han Ndm d p dd noi din thd de thd hidn, dd ndi len tidng long cua ngudi ddn xft Bidn Hda - Ddng N P ddi vdi tidn nhdn ciing la mgt vide Idm mang nhieu y nghTa Tuy khdng nhidu nhu d mgt so ngdi den idiac ttdn dia ban, song nhirng cau ddi Han Ndm dugc thilt tri tai den thd Doan Van C!^ va 16 nghia binh cung phPi nao ndi Idn dugc tieng long cua ngudi ddn xft Bien Hda vd cdng lao cfta cha anh 3.2 Cdu doi Hdn Nom 4.Cum di tich dinh - din thd Tr^n Thirgrng Xuyen 4.1 Luge sir vi dinh Dinh tdn gpi dinh Tan Ldn, thd Trdn Thugng Xuydn ndn cdn dugc gpi den thd Tran Thugng Xuyen, tga lac ttdn dudng Nguydn Van Tri, phudng Hda Binh, phd Bien Hda, tinh Ddng Nai Tuong ttuyin, nguyen thfty dinh Id mpt ngdi midu nhd d Ken ddn lang dung len tft thdi Minh Mdnh (18201840), de td Idng ngudng vpng Tran Thugng Xuydn - ngudi cd cdng ldn tton^ vide md mang thuong m p vftng ddt Ddng Nai - Gia Djnh Khi mdi xay dung ngudi ddn da ldy tdn ggi cua thdn Id Tdn Ldn (xdm mdi) de t p tdn cho dinh, qua h P Ian chuyen ddi (vao nam 1861 vd 1906), ngdi diPi d vi tti hien Nam 1935, dinh dugc xdy dyng mdi kidn cd hon va dugc d p tdn la Tan Ldn thdnh cd mieu (cdn ggi la Dinh Tan Lan) Trai qua bao thdng trdm cua lich sft, ten dia phuong nhidu Term, dink tu pkuang viin can tkugng lan thay ddi, nhung ten dinh van tdn t p koa hg thugn, cho den Hiip, tkdnh tkdn dp vang lai tkugng Trdn Thugng Xuydn tu Tran Thdng kg ton ti TP, sinh 03 thang 11 ndm At Mfti (1655), t p tinh Qudng Ddng, Trung Qudc (Tam, djnh bdn phuang gan xa tten Nguyen la Tdng lanh binh ba chau: Caohda, dudi thupi, Ldi-Lidm dudi ttieu Minh Sau phat Hiep, thdnh xdm lang tdi lui tdn ti, cd "bP man phue Minh" that bp, Tran tten duoi) Thugng Xuydn va phd tudng Trdn An Binh dem hon 3.000 quan thdn tin cimg gia quydn ttdn 50 chien tiiUyen den D p Viet xin thudn phue chfta Nguydn Chua Chdnk true bdo an, vgn cd cong Nguyen Phftc Tan chdp thupi cho dng kudn chieu phdc trgck, dua lyc lugng ddn xft Dong Pho djnh cu Tinh Pung Id qudc, thiin thu due cimg vdi cdng ddng ngudi Vip ddn trude hiin lgi tkdn dn khP khdn ddt d P phat trien ndng nghidp (Bao an chPih true, mudn thud cdng va md mang thuong m p vftng ddt Ddng NP-Gia Dinh Sau dng mdt (1720), lao td ro phftc lanh, Tinh trung giftp nude, ngdn nam dftc dl ghi nhd cdng lao cua dng nhan ddn vimg da thd dng t p dinh TPi LPi hiin la nhd on thdn) Ai qudc vong khu tkiin cd kdn, Uy link pkii trg vgn nien xudn (Ydu nude qudn thdn ngan ndm tuoi dep, Uy Iinh phft ttg mudn nam mfta xudn) 65 TAP CHi HAN NOM SO (145) - 2017 Mdt sd hoanh phi cdu ddi chu Hdn cung dd dugc ngudi dan ghi tac va ttang tri d d n h dl nhdc nhd thl he chau ghi nhd cdng lao, tP nang vd dftc dp cfta dng 4.2 Cdu ddi Hdn Ndm Tdn nhgt khai ca tkiin cd trdng, Ldn trinh Ikyy kki vgn dgi kieng (Tdn, khP co ngan xua manh, Ldn, lanh sang td mudn ddi hur^) Tdn, vu sdm ngkiem tkdnh tick vTnh ton vgn cd, Ldn, giang todn kieu uy phong cieu trii thiin thu (Tdn, bdn phuang ddng due kinh tdn than mudn thud vTnh tdn, (Lan, nude sdng chay cugn uy phong ngPi thu mm sang ngd) Tg Due sdc phong vi thdn minh vTnh ton thiin co, Trdn Piiu doe dgi lu&ng qudn ciru tru thien tku (Vua Tu Due phong ldm thdn minh mudn thud trudng ton, Dai tudng qudn Dd ddc tridu Tran sang m P ngdn thu) Tien tki khai ca di diec track, Hdu nkdn ke thudt vTnh luu kuang (Ddi tiTidc dd l p an dftc khai khdn, Ngudi sau noiflieonKii luu tilr^ thom) Qudng du trir dung mdn dgi tiiu tam nguyin thiin co trgng, 66 NGUYiN VAN NGOJB^N Triiu nhdn long thdnh hdi, kink huang tu quy vgn nien xuang (Danh Idn rang cfta cao, ldn nhd tam nguydn mudn thud ttgng, Bay mdm vdy bidn sdng, huong thom tam tiet van ddi hung) Thay Idi k i t Tuy khdng nhac^ den tdn cfta mpt nhdn v p nag cu the, song thdng qua nhiing cau ddi Han Nom d mpt sd dinh den xft Bien Hda - Ddng Nai chung ta ciing phan nao thdy dugc cdng lao, tai ndng, due cua cac bac tien nhPi ttong qua trinh khai md, xdy dung^va bdo v? vimg dat phuong Narri cfta Td qudc Cd nhidu phuang each d^ thd hidn, dd ghi nhd cdng lao, tdi ndng, dftc trpng va ca cdt each cua cac bac tidn nhan Mpt nhiing each da va dang dugc ngudi ddn xft Bien Hda-Ddng Nai lam Id ghi chep lich sii, dftng ten nhdn v p dp ten dinh, tdn ddn thd, tac tugng, dung bia, dung den thg het thay iihu mdt bftc ttanh phdi kit nhdm ca,nggi cdng lao, tai nang, dftc ttgng vd cdt cdeh cua cac bac tien nhan da cd cdng vdi nhdn ddn, dat nude Viec^ dftng cau ddi chft Hdn Ndm dd phd didn cdng lao cfta tien nhan nai dinh den ciing la mdt cdeh lam dang ttdn quy va mang nhidu ddu an lich sft, td thdm gam mau ttong bftc tranh ca nggi vd cdng lao cfta cac bac tidn nhdn xft Bien Hda - Ddng NP./ N.V.N Tai lieu tham khao Phan Dinh Dung (2014), Ca s& tin nguong vd le hpi truyen thong & Biin Hoa, Nxb Thdi dgi Huynh Ngpc Ddng (Chii bien) (2017), Tim hiiu lien dSi Hdn Ndm cdc dinh, chiia, miiu tinh Bink Ducmg, Nxb Chinh trj quIcgiasUthp Nhidu tac gia (1998), Biin Hoa -Dong Nai 300 ndm hinh thdnh vdphdt triin, Ddng Nai: Nxb Ddng Nai ... ddt phia Nam td qudc, dd cd Bidn Hda - Ddng Nai vd nhieu cdng lao khac da dugc sft sach ghi chep Ong qua ddi ngdy 16 thang ndm Canh Thin (1700) va de ghi nhd cdng lao, tP ndng dftc cua dng, ngudi... 2017 qua nhiiu each thl hidn nhu ghi chep lich sft, tac tugng, dung bia, d p ten dinh va thd cac dng tai dinh Iang Trong khudn khd bP vilt, chung tdi chi gidi thidu mgt sd cau ddi Han Ndm ghi. .. ddn Bidn Hda-Ddng Nai tft xua Nguyen thfty, dinh My Khanh thd thdn Thdnh hodng bdn cdnh, dugc xdy dung nam 1873 (theo ddu tich dugc ghi d dinh), tga lac bdn hiiu ngan sdng Ddng Nai, xua thudc thdn