Sinh kế của người hmông ở một chợ vùng biên giới việt nam trung quốc

SINH KE CUA NGl/dl H'MONG d M O T CHO VIING BIEN Gldl VIET NAM - TRIING QU6c Tom tdt: Bdi viit trinh bay vi nguai H'mdng v&i nghi budn trau & chg Cdn Cau, xa Cdn Cdu, huyin Si Ma Cai, tinh Lao Cai - mdt nhihig chg trau l&n nhdt & vitng biin gioi Viit Nam Trung Qudc Bdi viit chi ro, ben cgnh tinh ndng ddng, khd ndng thich ung thi tru&ng cua nguai H'mdng, cdc quan hi ddng hg, bgn be ciing net tuang ddng ve vdn hod vd ngdn ngu tgo nin tinh hiiu qud hogt ddng sinh ke ciia ngu&i H 'mdng, cu the la nghe budn trau Han nira nghe budn trau cita ngudi H'mdng cdn phdt tnen bai cdc yiu td vi tri dia ly ciing v&i cdc chinh sdch phdt tnin vitng biin giai Viet Nam - Trung Qudc Cdc yeu td trin dd tdc dgng true tiip tot hogt ddng budn trdu ciia nguai H 'mdng xd Cdn Cdu ddy cimg Id lai thi ciia ngu&i H'mong so voi cdc tgc ngu&i khde viing vd cdc vdng Idn can Tir khod: Nguai H'mdng; mua bdn trdu; chg Cdn Cdu; vdng bien gi&i Viet Nam- Trung Qudc Dat van de Vimg bien gidi Viet Nam - Trung Quoc bao gom tlnh (Dien Bien, Lai Chau, Lao Cai, Ha Giang, Cao Bang, Lang Son, Quang Ninh) vdi 31 huyen, phd, tiep giap vdi tinh Van Nara va Quang Tay ciia Trung Qudc (Vii Duong Ninh, 2010, U 10) Ngudi H'mong vung sinh song d nhirng viing dat cao, hiem trd (nhu cac huyen Si Ma Cai, Bac Ha, Sa Pa eua tinh Lao Cai) hoac d nhirng vung mil da va canh tac tren loai hinh nucmg thd canh hoc da (d huyen Meo Vac, Ddng Van, Hoang Su Phi, Sin Man ciia tinh Ha Giang), d khu vuc dat doc (d cac huyen Muimg Nhe, Nam P6 tinh Dien Bien), Hoat dgng kinh te truyen thong ehu yeu ciia ngudi H'mong la trdng Ugt, chan nudi gia sue Idn Cac san pham khdng chi phuc vy nhu cau sinh hoat hang ciia tgc ngudi ma cdn mang mua ban trao doi d cac chg Uong vung va chg ben bien gidi '*'Bai viet dya tren ket qua ciia de tai "Vai trd ciia cha bien gidi cdi thiin sinh ke cua ngu&i dan dia phuang" Th.S Ta Thi Tam lam Chii nhiem Tac gia xin chan cam on Quy Khoa hgc Quoc le (IPS) da tai trg cho nghien ciiu Cac nghien cihi ve chg viing bien va sinh ke ciia nguoi H'mong d viing bien gioi Viet Nam - Trung Qudc CI vimg bien gidi Viet Nam - Trung Qudc cd khoang 200 chg Idn nho (Ta Thj Tam, 2018) Day la nai dien cac trao doi ve hang hoa va giao luu van boa, xa hgi cua cac tgc ngudi d viing, hen vung va xuyen bien gidi (Khong Dien, 1996, Biii Xuan Dinh va Nguyen Nggc Thanh (dong chit bien), 2013; Ta Thi Tam, 2013, 2016, 2017, 2018) Cae boat ddng tai cac chg vung bien cua cu dan d Uong vimg va cac tgc ngudi d ben bien gidi cd tir rat sdm lich sii, dugc tri va phat trien tir sau Doi mdi (1986), nhat la tir binh thudng hoa quan he Viet Nam - Trung Quoc (1990) (Nguyen Minh Hang, 2001) Hau het cac chg cua eac chg truyen thong d viing deu hoat dgng CO hieu qua Tuy nhien, co mgt so chg dugc xay dyng mdi khong thu hiit su tham gia ciia cac tdc ngudi, tham chi da bo hoang (Tran Hiru San, 2014) Hau het cac nghien ciru Uen chi ring, cac san pham nong lara nghiep khong chi dap img nhu can tieu dung hang ma dugc mang Uao ddi tai cac chg Uong viing, lien vung va ben PHAT TRIEN BEN VUNG VUNG QUYEN 9, SO (12/2019) NGHIEN COU THOC NGHlEM - KINH NGHlEM bien gidi Ben canh dd, van de thuang raai d vimg bien gidi Viet Nam - Trung Quoc dugc cac hgc gia nude ngoai rat quan tam, dac biet la cac hoat dong budn ban cua ngudi H'mdng Uong vung, cflng nhu cac yeu to giiip cac tdc ngudi thieu sd xay dung va tri viec buon ban nho, la ngon ngii, vdn xa hgi, vdn vat chat ket hgp ciing khong gian va dac diem tdc ngudi (Laura Schoenberger and Sarah Turner, 2008) Mot nghien ciiu khac ciing chi ra, ngudi H'mong da tham gia vao hoat dgng mua ban trau d chg vimg cao Viet Nam vdi cac quan he than tgc, nhiing boat dgng Uong ngi bg thon va giOa cac thon ban dua Uen ca sd sir tm cay (Christine Bonnm, 2014) Dac biet, su thich irng ciia ngudi H'mdng vdi cac hoat dgng sinh ke nhu thuang mat hoa thao qua, buon ban vai sgi, Uau, rugu dua Uen cac moi quan he ve van hoa - xa hgi dugc diic ket lich sit da tao cac ca hoi de ngudi H'mdng nam lay va sit dung nhu mgt each can bang boi canh lich sir va khu vue dia ly nhat dinh (Sara Turner va Jean Michaud, 2016) Cac hgc gia nude ngoai mdi chi rang, ngudi H'mdng tham gia vao thi tnrimg mua ban trau d chg vimg bien gidi Viet Nam - Trung Quoc su tuong ddng ve ngon ngir, van hoa va yeu td dia ly cung vdi su nang dgng ciia tgc ngudi O nghien ciru nay, tac gia bai viet muon lam ro hon viec tham gia vao cac hoat dgng mua ban Uau ciia ngudi H'mdng d chg vimg bien gidi Viet Nam - Trung Quoc tren co sd dac tinh nang dgng tgc ngudi, quan he dong hg, ban be, sy tiep noi ciia cac moi quan he tir Uong Ijch sir den hien tai, vi tri dia ly ciia khu vyc cdng vdi nhu cau Uao doi trau tir cac tdc ngudi d ben bien gidi va tac dgng ciia cac chinh sach ve thuang raai d vimg bien gidi Viet Nam - Trung Quoc da tao nen su sdi ndi Uong cac hoat ddng mua ban Uau d cac chg Uong viing Phirong phap va each tiep can Nghien cim tap trung phac thao ve ngudi H'mong d xa Can Cau, lich sii nghe buon trau, nit radt sd nhan xet ve vai Ud ciia hoat dgng buon trau vdi phat trien sinh ke ben viing ciia ngudi H'radng Dua Uen ket qua nghien cim thuc dia tai chg Can Cau, xa Can Cau, huyen Si Ma Cai dgt, mdi dgt 10 vao nam 2017 va nam 2018, vdi 20 phdng van sau va cugc thag lului nhdm vtii nhirng nguiri budn ban Uau Bai viel tiep tuc tham gia vao cugc thao luan khoa hgc ve vai tro cua chg ddi song sinh ke ciia ngucri H'mong d chg vimg bien gidi Viet Nam - Trung Qudc qua trinh hien dai hoa va phat triln vung bien Ket qua nghien cuu 3.1 Ngu&i H'mdng d Cdn Cdu qud trinh phdt triin Tinh den thdi diem thang 6/2018, xaeo 540 hg, 2.781 nhan khau, vdi tgc ngudi sinh song la H'mdng, Tay, Nimg, Phii La, Kinh; Uong do, ngudi H'mong cd dan sd ddng nhat, vdi 2.645 nhan khau', cu tni tai cac thon Can Chu Sir, Coc Pha, Mu Trang Phin, Can Cau va Chu San O xa Can Cau, chi cd 20 hg ngucri Kinh va 36 hg dan tgc Phu La lam kinh te thuan nong va budn ban cac nganh nghe khac; 484 hg ngudi H'radng mua ban trau d chg Can Can va cac cho trong vimg Ngudi H'mong d xa Can Cau cd cac hg Trang, Giang, Thao, Siing, Cu, Vang, Uong dd, hg Trang va Giang cd dan so dong nhat, day la hai dong ho ItJn ciia ngudi H'mong xa Hg khong chi co moi quan he hg hang d Uong xa, huyen, vimg raa cdn co quan he ddng tgc vdi ngudi H'mong d ben bien gidi Nhiing ngudi dong tgc thudng mua hang va lam an lau dai vdi nhau, khdng chi yeu td tucmg dong ve ngon ngii, van hoa raa yeu to tgc ngudi giup hg gin kit vdi han so vdi cac tgc ngudi khac Dieu khong chi the hien giiia nhung ngudi H'mdng vung vdi ma ca vdi nhiing ngudi H'mdng d ben bien gidi Vdi dien tich 16,29 km^, dia hinh chu ylu la doi nui, dat dai d day phii hop vdi canh tac nucmg ray Trudc kia, ngudn thu nhap chinh ciia ngudi H'mong tir liia nuang, ngo va cac loai hoa mau, ngoai ra, tgc ngudi tan dung dien dch dot co de chan nuoi trau, bd va khai thac cac nguon lgi tu nhien Tuy nhien, boat dgng sinh kl truyin thong ' So heu can bo Thong ke xa Can Cau cung cap 30/6/2018 PHAT TRI^N B E N V O N G VONG Q O Y E N 9, SO (12/2019) Sinh ke ciia ngirai H'mong cua nguiri H ' m d n g dang cd su chuyen ddi dudi tac dgng ciia c a che thi trudng Ngoai canh tac nucmg ray ket hgp vdi chan nudi, phat trien nghe rimg, cay an qua giong mdi vdi nang suat va gia tri cao theo hudng bang boa n h u man, dao, le, ngudi H'radng dang da dang boa cae hoEit dgng sinh ke phi ndng nghiep Nam 1994, chg Can Cau chinh thiic dugc lap, dia diera dau tien tai cudi chan doc Cdc Pha, ldi sang tnrdng Tieu hge Can Cau.^ Chg Can Can hgp vao thii Sau hang tuan Hang hoa phan khu vuc la khu ban cac loai thudc bao ve thuc vat, hat gidng, nong cu, vay ao, luu niem, hang thit, ca kho, mam mudi, hang an, rugu, cac loai xdi banh truyen thdng, lam thd san nhu mat ong, nam huong, rage nhi v a mdt sd loai phong lan Ben canh do, la khu vue buon ban trau N h u vay, ngoai hang nhu yen pham, Uau la mat hang cd so lucmg Idn nhat va khu vuc mua ban danh cho mat hang cung chiem 2/3 dien tich cho Can ciu Ve tien te, Uong cac giao dich d cho phd bien la dung tien Viet, song, vdi cac giao dich giira nguiri H'mdng Viet Nara va ngudi Trung Qudc thucmg tra bing tien Nhan dan te chg Can Cau CO ngudi Kinh ddi tien tit Bac Ha va phd Lao Cai d i n Viee mua ban hang boa d vimg bien gidi giiia hai nude dugc thuc hien bang ngoai te tu chuyen doi hoac Ddng Viet Nam hoac Nhan dan te Trung Qudc theo cac phuang thirc toan hai ben mua ban thda thuan Tir dd den nay, cac thucmg nhan Viet Nam da sii dyng tien Viet Nam dong va ddng Nhan dan te de toan Nhu vay, hinh thiic giao dich tin dung phi chinh thiic giiip cho hoat dgng mua ban trau nhanh ggn, linh boat, Dieu khac vdi hinh thiic trao doi ^ Theo ldi ki va ho sa ve viec lap cho Can Cau luu giu ciia ong Sung Sec Nha, sinh nam 1954, nguy§n Chu tich xa Can Ciu thi chg Can Cau du'oc thiinh lap vao nam 1994 Liic dau chg hgp ven duong canh loi vac Uy ban xa Can Cau hien Nam 1995, chg chuyin xuing khu gin tmdng Trung hgc CO so Can Ciu Tir nam 2000 din nay, chg chuyen va dugc xay dung lai tai chan doc doi thuoc thon Can Chu Sii, xa Can Cau bang hoa Uudc kia, ban trau ngudi H'mdng ddi ngang cac loai hang boa nhu chan bdng, phich nude, may khau, 3.2 Sg-phdtttiin cda hogt^ngmua ban trdu Trudc nam 1994, hoat dgng mua ban trau d xa Can c i u dien tai hd gia dinh hoac tai cac thon, ban Nhiing ngudi H'mdng den tan nha, tan ban tim mua Uau Day la hinh thiic mua ban kha phd bien va dugc ngudi H'mong ciing nhu nhieu tgc ngudi khac u o n g vimg kha ua chuong Nhiing nam 70 - 80 eiia the ky X X , ngudi H'mong d ben bien gidi da sang cac thdn ban cua ngucri H'radng d xa Can Cau tim mua trau hoac nhd tim mua trau ve ban lai cho hg Trudc nhu cau rat Idn tir nhiing ngudi H'radng d ben Trung Qudc, nhung ngucri H'mong d xa Can Cau ve cac huyen vung thap ciia tinh Lao Cai nhu Bao Thang, Bao Yen, Bac Ha, tim mua trau ve khdng cbi ban lai cho ngudi H'mong vung ma cdn ban eho ngudi H'radng Trung Quoc Tir day, hinh Idp ngudi di mua Uau chuyen nghiep gan vdi binh thiic buon chuyen Nhora lai trau co dac diem la ngudi co nhieu kinh nghiem nghe nghiep, CO siic khoe, cd quan he than tgc vdi thuong lai Trung Quoc Tir nam 1998 den nay, hau het cac hoat dgng mua ban Uau deu dien tai chg Can Cau Nhiing ngudi H'mdng buon trau the he trudc khong chi truyen lai kinh nghiem ma cdn chuyen giao cac quan he buon ban lam an cho the he chau minh Nhd do, cae quan he mua ban giiia ngudi H'mdng d Can Can vdi ngudi H'radng d ben bien gidi van dugc tri v a phat trien Khi chua cd chg Can Cau, cbi co mgt so thuang lai dia phuang xuat hien, hg chinh la mgt nhirng dau moi quan Ugng ket not cac giao dich trau ciia ngudi H ' m o n g viing vdi ngudi H'mong, ngudi Han d ben Trung Quoc Tuy liic dau, cac giao dich rat so khai, den nay, da trd thi trucmg rat soi dgng va thu hut ragt lugng Idn cac toe ngudi viing, cac viing lan can va ca tir mien xudi len day Tai chg Can Cau khdng chi c6 ngudi H'mong Uong xa mua ban Uau vdi cac tdc P H A T T R I E N B E N VO'NG V O N G Q U Y £ N 9, SO (12/2019) N G H I E N C O O T H O C NGHIEM - KINH NGHlEM ngucri vung ma ea cac tgc nguai a cac vung 10km Tai khu vuc nga ba song nay, xe to chd lan can mang Uau ve ban tai chg Can Cau Moi Uau khong the di tiep dugc, cac chii trau thue phien chg cd 120 - 150 ngudi mua ban Uau tir cac ngudi dat bg qua song ve phia Venh Sang, thugc xa lan can va huyen Bac Ha, Si Ma Cai ciing tham tinh Van Nam, Trung Quoc Tir do, trau tiep tuc gia mua ban trau tai chg Can Cau dugc di chuyen vao sau ngi viing Tnmg Tir nam 2010 den nay, d cac phien chg, ngoai trao ddi trau chinh ngudi H'radng viing nuoi co mgt lugng Idn Uau dugc cac thucmg lai tir cac tinh Bac Giang, Hung Yen, Hai Duong, Phii Thg, VTnb Phuc, Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, tham chi cd cac thucmg lai sang tan Lao, Campuchia mua trau ve ban d chg Can Cau Tii nam 2010 den 2014, moi man chg Can Cau chi co piuen vao thii Bay, giao dich tir 800 - 1.000 eon trau Ke tir 2015 den nam 2018 moi phien chg Can Cau giao dich 1.500 - 2.000 con, dd co tir 5060 thuong nhan ngudi Kinh tir mien xuoi mang trau den.^ Trudc nam 2010, moi phien chg Uau Can Cau giao dich tir 300 - 500 Ke tir nam 2010 den nara 2018, chg Can Cau trd dia diem giao dich Uau Idn nhat mien Bac, mdi phien giao dich tir 1.500 - 1.700 Uau Trong dd, chg Tra LTnh Cao Bang cd 700 - 1.000 con, tham ehi so lugng cang it thuong lai Trung Qudc sang Tra Linh raua it dan bdi lue lugng chiic nang Tnmg Quoc cang that chat quan ly tir nam 2010 trd lai day Tir do, thuang lai Trung Quoc co xu hudng md rdng giao dich sang chg Can Cau Bdi, Can Cau la dia phucmg co truyen thong buon ban trau tir rat sdm Uong vimg va vdi cae vung lan can va vdi Trung Quoc Hem nira, dudng van chuyen trau sang Tnmg Quoc thuan tien hon so vdi cac dia diem khac d viing bien gidi Tir chg Can Cau theo qudc 16 153 hudng dl Si Ma Cai den nga ba re vao xa San Chai di tiep den bd song Chay, noi giao cat giiia Viet Nam - Trung Quoc, thugc thdn Lii Di San (xa San Chai) day ciing la noi tiep giap vdi huyen Xin Man, tinh Ha Giang, quang dudng tir chg Can Cau den day khoang Qudc khoang km roi van chuyen den cac chg thugc khu vuc ngucri theo dao Hdi Thong tu s l 34/2016/TT-BCT quy dinh ehi tilt hoat dgng mua ban bang hda qua bien gidi cua thuang nhan tai Quylt dinh s l 52/2015/QD-rrg 20/10/2015 cua Thii tudng Chinh phii ve viec "quan ly hoat ddng thucmg raai bien gidi vtii cac nude CO chung bien gidi" tdi boat dgng raua ban hang boa d cac chg vung bien gidi Viet Nam Trung Qudc Ke tit day, cac boat dgng mua ban hang boa noi chung, mua ban trau d cac chg viing bien, nhat la chg Can Can dien sdi dgng ban, so lugng thuong nhan Trung Qudc sang chg tang tir 30 ngudi len den 45 ngudi, tham chi cd thdi diem len den 50 ngudi Cimg vdi dd, nhiing ngudi Kinh d mien xuoi chuyen Uau len Can Cau nhieu ban, vdi su tang ve chuyen di vit sd lugng Uau mang den chg, trudc day ngucri budn trau chi den Can Cau ban phien mgt tuan thi tang len phien, thara chi tang phien mdt tuan Ngudi H'mong d xa Can Cau co ba ting Idp thuang lai di buon chuyen nghiep d quy mo Idn, vira va nho d quy mo Idn, cac thuong lai buon trau giong to va dep co gia tri tir 100 trieu d i n 160 trieu ding/con Can C i u cd thuong lai buon trau d quy mo Idn va so vdn de kinh doanh tir ty ddng trd len Day la hg buon trau co kinh te giau nhat d xa Can Cau C) quy mo vira, la nhiing ngudi chuyen mua Uau tai cac chg viing va miln xuoi v l ban true tiep cho cac thuang lai Trung Qudc vdi sd lugng Idn rir 30 40 con/ngay/phien va cd quan he vdi - ehii hang tir ben Trung QuIc, sd v i n de kinh doanh tir 1,5 - 2,0 ty ddng O Can Cau cd 40 hg ngudi H'mdng buon trau d quy mo Cdn d quy mo nho, la nhung ngucri mua Uau tai chg Can C i u va radt s l chg d ' So Ueu Ban Quan ly cha Can Cau cung cap thang 5/2018 huyen lan can, ve ban true tiep cho mgt sd chii hang rir Trung Qudc hoac ban cho nhiing ngudi P H A T T R I E N B £ N V O N G V O N G Q U Y E N 9, SO (12/2019) Sinh ke cua ngiroi H'mong budn d quy md Idn tai chg Nhiing ngudi budn d quy md cd von tir 200 - 300 trieu ddng, d xa Can Cau co 80 ngudi buon d quy mo Hg mua td trgng tai tir 3,5 tan Ud len de phuc vu van chuyen trau cua gia dinh minh va chd thue cho ngudi buon d quy md Idn Ben canh do, nhiing ngudi H'mong khac d Can Can buon ban Uau d chg Can Cau theo hinh thiic ban chuyen nghiep, mua trau true tiep ciia ngudi Kinh va cac tgc ngudi vimg tai chg Can Cau rdi ban cho cac thucmg lai Trung Quoc hoac ban lai cho cac toe ngudi vung theo each "mua dau chg ban culi chg", hinh thiic phd bien, khdng can nhieu v i n va phii hgp vdi nhieu ngudi H'mdng d xa Can Cau CI xa Can Cau, eo % so hg thugc hg giau, % hg trung binh, 6% hd ngheo, uong dd, so hg giau d deu thudc ngudi budn trau d quy md Idn va quy rad vua.'' Theo so lieu thdng ke ciia Uy ban xa Can Cau, tir nam 2010 d xa co 45 ngoi nha ting gia tri tir 800 trieu den ty ddng, ca 45 ngoi nha deu la ciia thuang lai ngudi H'mong budn trau; 18 nha raai bang tang va da sd la nha san kien co Hau het cac hg gia dinh ngucri H'radng Uong xa deu co xe may dat tien, gia tri tir 20 trieu Ud nen Ngoai ra, xa co 80 hg co U vi man hinh phang, 448 hg deu co dien thoai di dgng^, eac phien chg trau, cac giao dich chii yen thuc hien giiia nhiing ngudi nam gidi vdi nhau, nii gidi chi hd trg viec dat trau Tir 2010 den nam 2018, su phan cdng eong viec giiia nam nii cac hg buon trau rat ro r^t, song, tir nam 2019 den nay, chg trau cd xu hudng giara dan cae giao dich, buon ban kem hon, phy nii chuyen sang raay vay ao ban d chg, nam gidi vira buon ban trau vira giiip v g chd hang tho cam den chg hoac phy them v g tai quay ban hang an vao nhiing liic khong cd khach mua Uau Hien nay, d thdn Cdc Pa co gia dinh co the he * So lieu Chii tich xa Can Cau cung cap thang 8/2019 ^ So lieu can bo thong ke xa Can Cau cung cap thang 12/2018 van tiep noi nghe budn trau (thich nghi vdi nhiing chuyen danh bg dai di ve mien xudi mua Uau) K i t luan Budn Uau la hoat dong sinh ke kha ben viing ciia ngudi H'mdng d xa Can Cau Yeu to tao nen tinh ben viing ciia hoat dgng buon ban trau xuyen bien gidi khdng chi xuat phat tir nhu cau mua ban Uao dot Uau ciia cac tgc ngucri ciing vdi nhu cau Idn ciia cac tdc ngudi theo dao Hdi d Trung Quoc ket hcrp vdi vi tri dia ly va su phat Uien cua mang ludi chg vitng Vdi hoat dgng sinh ke ngucri H'mdng da phat huy dugc tinh nang dgng, dong thdi van dung von xa hot va van hoa tgc ngucn Uong qua trinh xay dung va rad rdng cac quan he raua ban vdi cac tdc ngudi Uong viing, vdi ngudi Kinh va vdi cac tgc ngudi d ben bien gidi, nhat la vdi ddng tgc ngudi H'mdng Tuy nhien, khong the phii nhan dugc su cdng cua ngudi H'radng qua trinh thich irag vdi thi trudng cdn co dugc lgi the tir dieu kien dia ly, lich sii mua ban cua cu dan hai ben bien gidi, mdi quan be van hoa - xa hgi cimg vdi mdi trudng cu tni, chinh khu vuc dia ly giilp ngucri H ' m o n g c6 nhieu lgi the giao luu va phat Uien Nhiing lai the la su tiep noi cac quan he raua ban ngua Uong lich sii den cac quan he raua ban trau d xa Can Hon nira, chg trau nam d vi tri trung tam cua cac hoat dgng giao thuang vdi cac cha vimg vdi ben bien gidi ciing vdi su thuan tien ciia dudng tir Can Cau sang ben Trung Quoc giiip cho viec di chuyen cua dong ngudi va dong hang boa ve Trung Quoc ciing nhu tir cac dia phuang khac viing va tir mien xuoi len thuan tien hon Han niia, cac chinh sach phat trien vimg bien gidi Viet Nam - Trung Quoc Uong nhiing nam qua ciing la radt Uong nhiing dieu kien thuan lgi d l tgc ngudi cang m d rdng thi truimg va cac quan he budn ban vdi cac tgc ngudi khac uong vung, lien viing va vdi ca cac tdc ngudi d ben bien gidi, nhit la nhiing ngudi ddng tdc d ben bien gidi P H A T T R I E N BfcN V O N G V O N G Q U Y t N 9, SO (12/2019) NGHIEN COU THOC N G H I E M - KINH NGHlEM Tai lieu tham khao Bui Xuan Dinh va Nguyen Nggc Thanh (Dong ehu bien, 2013) Mdt sd vdn di co bdn vi kinh ti - xa hgi a cdc vitng biin gidi Viet Nam Nxb Khoa hgc xa hgi Ha Ndi Chinh phii nude Cong hoa xa hgi Chu nghia Viet Nam va Chinh phii nude cong hoa Nhan dan Tmng QuIc ky "Hiep dinh raua ban hang boa d vimg bien gidi", 19/10/1998 Chnstine,B (2014) Nhung uao doi dia phuang va budn ban Uau tai chg d vimg cao Viet Nara (tinh Lao Cai) Tgp chi Ddn tdc hoc, sd 3, U.72-83 Cu Hoa vin va Hoang Nam (1994) Ddn tdc Mdng & Viit Nam Nxb Van hoa Dan tgc, Ha Ngi KbIng Diln (Chii bien, 1996) Nhiing dgc diim kinh ti-xd hdi cdc ddn tgc miin mii phia Bac Nxb Khoa hgc xahgi Ha Ngi Laura, S., and Sarah, T (2008) Nagotiating Remote Borderland Access: Small - Scale Trade on the Vietnam - China Border Development and Change (39,4), Blackwell Publishing Ly Hanh Son va Trin Tbi Mai Lan (Ddng ehu bien, 2017) Quan hi ddn tdc xuyin quoc gia & Viit Nam (Nghiin cuu tgi -vung mien niii phia Bdc) f^xhKhoahgc xah6i,iia.'Nm Nguyen Chi Huyen (Chu bien, 2000) Ngudn gdc lich sir tdc nguai viing bien giai phia Bdc Viet Nam Nxb Van hoa dan toe, Ha Ndi Nguyin Minh Hing (2001^ Buon bdn qua bien gioi Viit - Trung lich su - hiin trgng - riin vgng Nxb Khoa hoc xa hgi Ha Ngi 10 Nguyen Thi Le (2010) Cdc tdc ngu&i xuyen bien gi&i vd vdn di phdt triin vuHg biin giai Viet - Trung Luan van Thac sT Lich su, chuyen nganh Dan tgc hgc, Thu vien Khoa Nhan hgc, trudng Dai hgc Khoa hgc xa hgi va Nhan van Ha Ngi 11 Sarah, T., Christine, B, and Jean, M (2015) Frontier Livelihoods Hmong in the Sine-Vietnamese Borderlands University of Washington Press, Seattle 12 Ta Thi Tam (2017) Nhiing lien he Uao doi d mdt chg vung bien Tgp chi Nghiin ciru Trung Qudc, so 8, U 34-44 13 Ta Tbi Tara (2018) Mang ludi chg d vimg bien gidi Viet - Trung Tgp chi Nghien ciru Trung Qudc, so 10,U 59-67 14 Tran Hiiu Son (2013) Hieu qua hoat dgng cua chg viing cao Lao Cai dudi goc nhin Nhan hgc Tap chi Ddn tgc hgc, sd 3, U 61-71 15 Vii Duong Ninh (2010).fiiejigi(w/rerttfar/(e«rrefA^am - rrwoggwdc NxbCdnganNhandan,HaNgi Thdng tin tac gia: Ta Thi Tam, Th.S - Dan 'vi cdng tac: Vien Dan tdc hgc, Vien Han lam Khoa hgc xa hgi Viet Nam -Dia chi email: taml 10986@gmail.eom Ngay nhan bai: 27/9/2019 ,, , ^^^^ "^^"^ l'^" «"^^ 15/10/2019 Ngay duyet dang: 21/10/2019 PHAT T R I E N B E N V O N G VUNG Q Y £ N 9, S (12/2019) ... chuyen doi hoac Ddng Viet Nam hoac Nhan dan te Trung Qudc theo cac phuang thirc toan hai ben mua ban thda thuan Tir dd den nay, cac thucmg nhan Viet Nam da sii dyng tien Viet Nam dong va ddng Nhan... ciia ong Sung Sec Nha, sinh nam 1954, nguy§n Chu tich xa Can Ciu thi chg Can Cau du'oc thiinh lap vao nam 1994 Liic dau chg hgp ven duong canh loi vac Uy ban xa Can Cau hien Nam 1995, chg chuyin... giiia nhiing ngudi nam gidi vdi nhau, nii gidi chi hd trg viec dat trau Tir 2010 den nam 2018, su phan cdng eong viec giiia nam nii cac hg buon trau rat ro r^t, song, tir nam 2019 den nay, chg