Đảm bảo cơ hội cho phụ nữ dân tộc thiểu số tiếp cận và tham gia hiệu quả và chương trình mục tiêu quốc gia phát triển kinh tế xã hội vùng đồng bào dân tộc thiểu số và miền núi giai đoạn 2021 2030

CHINH SACH DAM BAO CO HOI CHO PHU NUf DAN TOC THIEU SO TIEP CAN VA THAM GIA HIEU QUA VAO CHUONG TRINH MUC TIEU QUOC GIA PHAT TRIEN KINH TE - XA HOI VUNG D^NG BAO DAN TOC THIEU SO VA MIEN NUI GIAI DOAN 2021-2030 Bui Thi Hda* * TS Pho Chil tjch l-igi Li^n hiep pliu nu* Viet Nam Thong tin bai viet: Tie Ichoa: Dan tgc thieu so, binh dang gioi, long ghep gidi Lfch su bdi viet: Nhan bai : 02/03/2020 Bien tap : 06/03/2020 Duyet bai : 07/03/2020 Article Infomation: Keywords: Ethnic minorities; gender equality; gender integration Article History: Received : 02 Mar 2020 : 06 Mar 2020 Edited Approved : 07 Mar 2020 ! Nghi quyet so 88/2019/QH 14, NGHllN CUU M l LAP PHAP /—, /^^'''°^'"'''^' Tom tat: Voi viec dam bao long gh6p gioi theo quan diSm "L6ng gh^p, bao dam binh ding gidi qua trinh xay dung va t3 chiic thyrc hi^n De an", Chuang trinh muc tigu qu6c gia phat triSn kinh t^ xa hoi viing dong bao dan tpc thieu s6 va mien niii giai doan 2021 - 2030 duoc Chinh phu chuan hi trinh Quoc hpi khoa XTV tai ky hop thii 9, vci myc tieu tong quat: "thuc hien bmh ding gidi va giai quyet nhimg van de cap thiet dii voi phu nii va tre em"' se ma nhieu ca hgi de phy nii dan tfic thiSu s6 tiSp can va tham gia chuong trinh hieu qua v6i vai tr6 vita 11 chu the tham gia viia la doi tugng thy hucmg chinh sach, Bai viet chi nhfmg nguy CO bi bo lai phia sau cua phy nii dan toe thigu s6 va dua nhung khuygn nghi ve van de long ghep gidi Chuong trinh muc tieu quoc gia phat trien kinh te - xa hpi vung d6ng bao dan tpc thieu so va mien nui giai doan 2021-2030, Abstract: In accordance with the viewpomt of "Integration and assurance of the gender equality in the process of formulation and implementation of the Scheme", the national target Program on socio-economic development in the ethnic minorities and mountainous areas for period of 2021-2030 developed by the Government to submit to the 14th National Assembly at the 9th meetmg session, with the overall objectives: "to fulfill the gender equality and to solve urgent issues for women and children" will open up opportunities for ethnic minority women to access and participate effectively in the Program as a participant and be neficiary of the policy This article provides an outline of the potential challenges, by which the ethnic mmority women being left behind and also provides recommendations on gender mainstreaming in the national target Program on socio-economic development in the ethnic minorities and mountainous areas period of 2021-2030 CHINH SACH Dat \kn 6h Trong nhiSu nain qua, voi su quan tdm cua Ddng va Nhd nuae, viing dan toe thi8u so (DTTS) da dugc tao diiu kien de phdt huy ngi luc vd dat dugc nhiing kit qud tich cue phdt trien kinh ti - xd hgi Nam 2016, t^ 1$ h6 ngheo theo chudn tiip can da chieu vimg DTTS vd miin niii gidm khodng 2% so vdi nam 2015, 98% so nguai thodt ngheo khong bi tdi ngheo Nhin chung, Vi?t Nam da CO nhiing thdnh tuu dang ghi nh|n viec gidm bdt binh ddng xa hgi, bao g6m cd bmh dang gidi vd binh dang giiia cac ddn tgc Mac du vdy, cdc so thong ke ciing cho thdy, Phu nu DTTS la nhom co nhiSu nguy ca tut hdu han ca tinh dl bi ton thuong "kep" vdi ddc thu vua Id phu nu, vira la nguoi DTTS^ Phu nu DTTS voi nguy cff bf bo l?i phia sau Phu nii DTTS gap nhieu mi ro bi ngoai le xd hgi va doi ngheo hem so vai dan ong ciing cgng dong va phu nii thufic cdc ddn tgc da s6^ Bdo cdo Tom tat ve tinh hinh phil nii vd tre em gai ddn toe thieu so a Viet Nam"* nhdn manh, cgng dong nguoi ddn tgc thieu so, phu nii vd he em gai thuang Id nhiing doi tugng thiet thoi han cd ve kha nang tiep can eac ca hgi, nguon lire va kha ndng noi len tiSng noi eiia minh cac chudn mirc xa hgi dp dat vi tri thdp kem hon cho hg, gioi ban hg a cdc hoat dgng smh vd sdn xudt hg gia dinh Phu nir vd tre em gdi DTTS khd tiep can gido due vd ddo tgo Ket qua T6ng Diiu tra dan so 2019 eho thay khoang each gidi lan nhdt ty le biet dgc, biit viit thugc vi khu vuc Trung du vd miin mii phia Bde, dac bi?t la cac tinh Hd Giang, Cao Bang, Bdc Kan, Ldo Cai, Dien Bien, Lai Chdu, Son La vai miic chenh lech toi thiiu Id 4.5 diim phdn tram (Bac Kan) vd cao nhdt len toi 23.3 diSm phdn tram (Lai Chdu), so voi so trung bmh ea nuoc Id 2.4 diim phdn tram Ddy deu la eac tinh tap trung dong DTTS, vai ty le nguai DTTS tren t6ng dan s6 tinh t6i thiiu tu 66.21% (Ldo Cai) tra len= Trong do, nhom dan tgc Mong co ty le can bang gidi tinh cap tieu hgc ciia tre em; nhom ndy chi bang 0.95 thap hon miic can bang toi thieu Id 0.97, dong nghia vdi tre em gdi ddn tgc Mong it dugc di hge hon so voi tre em nam ciing tge^ Ngoai ra, phu niJ DTTS bi hfrn che tiep can cac lop ddo tao nghe - nghien ciiu cua Ngo Quang San khao sdt phu nu DTTS tai ba tinh Tdy Nam Bg da phdt hien mac du phy nii DTTS co nhu cdu dao tao nghi cao (66.2%) nhung chi c6 12,2% dugc tham gia kh6a dao tao nghe a Trung tdm hgc tap cgng d6ng vd duoi 10% tham gia cdc Trung tdm GDTX, ddo tao nghi, THPT, va da s6 cdc khoa ddo tao nghi Id ngan han thdng' H6i Lign hiep phu nii Vigt nam, Uy ban Dan toe: "Dg phu nir dan toe thiiu s6 khong bi bo lai phai sau" Ha NOi thang 10/2019, tr.3 Commission, E (2008), Ethnic minority and Roma women in Europe: A case for gender equality? UNWomen (2015), Tom tit vk tmh hmh phy nii va tre em gai dan toe thigu s6 a Vigt Nam T6ng cue Thing kg (2019), Kfit qua so bp T6ng Diiu tra Dan s6 va Nha a thai diSm 01/4/2019 Bp K£ hoach va DSu tu, UNICEF, "Tre em tiin trinh phat trign a Viet Nam- Chuang trinh nghi su phat triln bgn viing 2030", Hi Npi thang nam 2018 Ngo Quang Son (2018), Nghign cicu mo hbih dao tao nghe cho phu nir dan t6c thilu s6 tai cac xa deic bigt kho khan khu vuc Tay Nam Bo, Vigt Nam, Tap chi Dan tpc hpc s6 5, 71-79 World Bank (2018), Tixong lai viec lam Vi?t Nam duoi goc nhin giai So 5(405) - T3/2020\^ |_^p p | | A P CHINH SACH Phu nie DTTS khd tiep can cdc ca hpi mang thai d tu6i vi nien eao (116/1000 vi viic ldm trd luang; thu nhdp thdp Kho em tu6i 15-19) Hdn nhan can huyit da khdn tiep can gido due da ddn toi ty giam nhung d mgt s6 dan tgc ty 1? van le phy nii DTTS ldm cong viec chuyen mon cao: Ma (4,41%o), Mdng (4,36%), Mnong ky thuat rat thap, da so lam cong vi|c (4,02%.), XtiSng (3,67%), co mgt s6 dan tgc thong, gidn don Chi 17% phu nii DTTS co ty le din 10% (Ld Lo, Ha Nhin, Phii La, viec ldm dugc trd luong, kem 15 diem phan Chiit, Mong, E De, Chu ru, Pu peo, Si la, Ra tram so voi nam gioi ciing cgng dong va mam, BdRdu, )'^ thap hon diim phdn tram so vai nii gioi Tiip cgn cdc dich vu y te vd chdm sdc thugc dan tgc da so Thu nhdp tir ede eong sice khde cua phu nii vd tre em DTTS cdn viec dugc trd luong bmh quan nam ehi Id khodng cdch l&n Theo bdo cdo, van 3.531 trieu ddng, thdp hon 1.543 trieu so 30,7% phil nii DTTS sinh d nha so vdi vdfi nam gi6i DTTS vd 2.153 trieu so vdi 0.5% phu nii ddn tge Kinh; co tdi 25 dan t$c phu nii dan tgc da s6^ Ngoai nhiing nguyen CO ty 1? sinh tai nhd chiim gdn 50%, nhdn nhu han che ve von tieng Viet vd kha tham chi co mgt so dan tgc, ty 16 smh eon tai nang sii dung/sa hihi phuong tien giao nha len tdi 90% nhu La Ha, La Hii, Si la, Lu, thong nhu xe may, mgt phdn nguyen nhdn Mdng Theo Ket qua khao sat di tdi thugc quan trgng la phdn cong lao dgng Chuang trinh Tay Nguyen 3, t^ 1^ ph\i nu gia dmh da vd dang dat gdnh nang qud ldn DTTS khong den tr^m y te xa vd khong di len vai nguoi phu nii^ - phu nii thugc mgt tu vdn siic khoe bdn thdn deu cao han so vdi s6 nhom ddn tge thiiu so phdi lam viec nhd nam gidi DTTS vd so vdi phu nu dan tOc khong luong den chin gid mdi so vdi Kinh tren dia bdn (ty le ldn lugt la 78.9%nam gid d phu nu Kinh^° 74.5%-57.3% vd 32%-23.6%-22.4%), Van de tao hon, hon nhan can huyet vdn ty le dau 6m 12 thdng qua cua tdn tgi dai dang & vung DTTS vd miin niii nhom phu nii DTTS len tdi 43.4% so vdi Ty le tre em kit hon trude 18 tudi d ngudi 36.1% dnam gidi DTTS vd 29.1% dphunu DTTS cao gdp hon nhiiu ldn so vdi ngudi ngudi BCinh'^ Kinh (23,r/o so vdi 9,2% d ngudi Kinh) Phu nii vd tre em DTTS cdn nhiiu nguy Theo T6ng Diiu tra Ddn s6 2019, cac ddn tgc Lo Lo, Mdng, Kho Mii, Xinh Mun, Hre, ca khdng an todn gia dinh vd cpng Gia Rai, Brdu Id cac dan tgc thiiu s6 co ty le ddng Trong nam (2012-2017), s6 nan nhdn bi mua ban vd nghi vdn bi mua ban Id phil nu tu 20-24 tudi kit hon sdm cao nhdt cd nudc, ca biet nhu dan tgc Mong thi ty IB 3.090 ngudi, do, 90% n ^ nhdn M ban sang Trung Qudc chil yeu Id phy nir, tre em ndy len tdi 48%^' Ty le tre em gai DTTS World Bank (2019), Research Report: Drivers of Socio-Economic Development among Ethnic Minority Groups in Vietnam Worid Bank (2018), Tuong lai vigc lam Vi?t Nam dudi goc nhin gidi ^ 10 Ting cyc Th6ng ke (2019), Kit qua so bp T6ng DiSu tra Dan so vaNha a thai diem 01/4/2019, 11 T6ngcucTh6ngkevaUybanDant6c,Diiutrathuctrangkinhte-xahpi53dantpcthieus6,nam2015 12 Dang Nguygn Anh (2017), Tach bi?t xa hpi va bSt binh dang gidi cr Tay Nguyen, Tap chi Nghien cihi Gia dinh va Gidi s6 3, tr.50-59 , , 13 Binh ding gidi cho phynu dan tpc thiiu s6: van kho^gcach-Bao Nhan dan d.^Dtungay22/H/2oi7 38I LAP P'HAPV^^ ^"'"^^" '^^'^°^° CHINH SACH Long ghep gidi Chuffng trinh MTTG phat triin kinh te - xa hfii viing dong bao DTTS va miin nui giai doan 2021-2030 Nhan thay dugc nhiing kho khdn md phu nii DTTS da va dang phdi d6i mat, Dang vd Nhd nudc da co nhieu chinh sach, chucmg trinh uu tien huong den nhom doi tugng qud trinh thu hudng chinh sach, tieu bieu nhu Chuong trinh MTQG Giam ngheo ben viing giai doan 2016-2020 va sdp tdi Id Chuang trinh MTQG phat triin kinh ti - xd hgi vung dong bdo DTTS vd mien mii giai doan 2021-2030 Mgt nhung muc tieu quan trgng ciia Chuang trinh la long ghep gidi, hudng den xoa bo bdt binh dang Su tham gia gia cua phu nir DTTS gidi giiia cac nhom dan tgc linh vuc chinh tri cdn nhiiu thdch thicc Ben Cu the, Du thao Chuong trinh dat canh nhiing diem sang ve su tham gia cua nii muc tieu den nam 2025: "Tren 80% phu nu DTTS vi tri lanh dao cap cao eua bg CO thai dugc khdm thai dinli ky, sinh d mdy Ddng vd Nhd nudc (1/3 nii Uy vien Bg CO sd y te hoac c6 su trg giiip ciia can bg y Chinh tri, 32,3% nu dai bieu Quoc hgi Id te"; "gidra ty le tre em suy dinh dudng the ngudi DTTS nhiem ky 2016-2021), nhe cdn xu6ng dudi 15%"; va xay dvmg nhin chung, ty le phu nii DTTS tham gia he cdc du an tap trung vdo cdc ITnh vuc co ban thing chinh tri thap hon nhieu so vdi ty le nhdt (nha d, ddt d, ddt sdn xuat, nudc sinh chung vd so vdi nam gidi Q cap xa, cd hoat, sdn xudt nong nghiep, lam nghigp, gido 14,56% phu nii DTTS tham gia co quan due, y te, van hoa, ddo tao can bg, xdy dung Sdng, 13,25% tham gia Hgi dong nhdn ddn, he thong chmh tri ) 3/10 du an cua Chuong 24,99% tham gia co quan hanh chinh, trinh'^ true tiep giai quyet cdc muc tieu cu 29,92% tham gia to chiic chinh tri - xa hgi thi vi gidi, phu nii vd tre em Dac bidt, Du so vdi nam gidi d cdc co quan tuong duong an ddt muc tieu: binh dang gidi va gidi tren dia bdn'^ quyit mgt s6 vdn di edp thiit cua phu nii va (chiem tren 90% s6 nan nhdn), da s6 thugc ede DTTS (tren 80%.); tinh trang bao luc gia dinh DTTS xdy khd ph6 biin, ddc biet d nhung dan tgc phu he C6 tdi 58,6% phu nu DTTS tir 15-49 chdp nhdn bao luc tir chdng, ty le d phu nii Kinh vd Hoa chi khodng 28%^''; tinh trang tu tu, tgi pham ma tiiy, an mang, xam hai tre em d vung DTTS vd mien niii cdnh bao tinh trang mdt an todn dang dien Ngodi ra, han che tiep can cdc ngudn sinh ke ben vung, quyit dinh vd tham gia vao qua trinh quyit dinh; dinh kien ve vai tro gidi ciing khiin phu nu kho phat huy dugc nang luc ngi tai vd tinh tu quyet cua minh gia dinh vd cgng dong 14 Hpi Lien hi?p phy nii Viet nam, Uy ban Dan tpc, "Dg Phu nii Dan tpc thiSu s6 khong bi bo lai phia sau" Ha noi thang 10/2019, tr.l2 15 Du thao, Chuang trinh myc tieu quic gia phat triln kinh tg - xa hpi viing d6ng bao dan tpc thieu so v^ mien nui giai doan 2021-2030 (thang 3/2020); Dy an 7: Cham soc siic khoe nhan dan, nang cao the trang, tim voc ngudi dan tpc thigu s6; phong ching suy dinh dudng tre em; Du an 8: Thuc hien binh dang gidi va giai quyit nhiing vin di cip thilt ddi vdi phy nii va tre em; Du an 10 Tmyen thong, tuyen truyen, van dong viing dong bao dan tpc thigu s6 va miin nui, giam sat danh gia viec to chiic thuc hien chuang trinh 16 SDG 5: D^t duac bmh ding gidi va trao quyin cho tit ca phu nu va tre em gai loan ciu; SDG 10: Giara bat binh dang va giiia cac quic gia HOHIEH CUU S6 5(405) - T / 2 ^ ^ ^ p p | | A P CHINH SACH tre em DTTS (tdo hon, hon nhan can huyit, khong ctil ro chi tieu cy the doi voi pnu uu bao luc tren co sd gidi, dich vu chdm sdc siic va fre em gai DTTS Nguyen tdc bmh ddng khoe, trg giup phdp ly, ) gidi xuyen sudt dudng nhu chi "khu tru" d Khuyen nghi ve l^ng ghep gidi Du an vd doi hoi dugc thi hien ddy dii vd Churffng trinh MTQG phat triin kinh te - hodn hien han, thong qua cdc muc tieu, chi xa hoi viing d^ng bao DTTS va mi^n mii tiSu cu the, CO chi va ngan sdch gidi phii hgp giai doan 2021-2030 vdi quy dinh cua Ludt Binh dang Gidi Viec thiet ke cdc du dn 7-8-10 (2007), Chiin luge qudc gia ve bmh ddng khuon kho Chuong trinh MTQG phdt triin gidi (2011 -2020) va Chiin luge qudc gia vi kinh te - xa hgi vung dong bdo DTTS va bmh dang gidi giai doan tiep theo mien mii giai doan 2021-2030 la minh chiing Thir hai, long ghep gi&i du thdo the hien cam ket cua Chinh phii Viet Nam ve Chuang trinh MTQG phdt triin kinh ti phat trien ben viing Tuy nhien, de tdng xa hgi vung BTTS vd miin nui giai dogn cudng hieu qud thuc hien binh dang gidi, 2021-2030 qud trinh xdy dung va thue thi Chuong Ve viec xdy dung Chuang trinh MTQG trinh, chiing toi eho rang, can phai luu y m6t phat trien kinh ti - xa hgi vung DTTS va sd khuyen nghi sau: miin mii giai doan 2021 - 2030, cdn ehii y Thir nhdt, binh ddng gi&i Id nguyen tdc den nhu cdu khde biet giua cdc nhdm hudng xuyen sudt qud trinh xay dung, to thil chinh sdch, bao gdm cd khac biet gidi va cht^c thuc hien chinh sdch, phdp lugt khac biet ve vdn hoa dan tgc De bdo dam hieu qud cua long ghep gidi Chuong Thuc hi|n long ghep gidi la mot qua trinh lien tuc nham Ihay doi tu duy, moi quan trinh, cdn quan tdm den: i) Nhung nhu edu he gidi giiia nam vd nii; hudng den eoi trgng, cua mdi gidi, bao gom nhu cdu gi&i thirc ti hen quan tdi dieu kien song vd lam viec, nhu xem xet vd gidi quyet mgi su khde biet giiia cau thiet yeu ciia vung DTTS, mien mii (an, nii va nam kip thdi, vi the, cdn dam bao binh mdc, nudc sach, ve sinh moi trudng) vd nhu dang gidi xuyen suot d mgi edp, mgi giai cdu gi&i chiin lucre ciia phu nu, tre em gdi doan cua chu trinh chinh sach Binh dang gidi xuyen suot Id mgt gidi phdp quan trgng DTTS, mien niii (nhu cdu tham cliinh, nang cao quyen nang kinh te, gido due); ii) Lpi ich ma Chien luge quoc gia ve binh dang gidi cua mdi gi&i tham gia va thu hudng giai doan 2011- 2020 de cap, phu hgp vdi chuong trinh, miic eai thien dinh kien, quan diem eiia Lien hgp quoc'' thay ddi vai tro tham gia ciia mdi gidi, su ghi Trong do, mac du Du thao Chuang nhdn tieng noi cua moi ben, su eong bang trinh MTQG phat trien kinh te - xa hgi viing tiep can chinh saeh, sir chia se trdch DTTS va miin mii giai doan 2021-2030 co tat cd 14 muc tieu cu the, nhung chi c6 muc nhiem gia dinh, cgng ddng, vie#c quyet dinh va iii) Bdi cdnh, su da dgng tieu de cap den phu nii vd tre em; 7/10 du an vdn hda vd diiu kiin kinh ti - xd hpi cua tung chua de cap den van de long ghep gidi viing, timg dan tgc idii xdc dinh nhu cdu can Nhieu muc tieu, chi tieu deu the hien chung thiep thay ddi, dau tu phat trien Cu thi: chung vd nhu cho mgi doi tugng, 17 World Bank (2019), Research Report: Drivers of Socio-Economic Development among Ethnic Mmority Groups in Vietoam I NGHllN CVU LAP PHAP ' S 5(405)-T3/2020 CHINH SACH - Ddi vdi Du an 1, cdn bo sung tiSu chi nhd tieu hgp ve sinh vdi chi tieu 50%) hg DTTS cd nha xi hgp ve sinh (HVS) - D6i vdi Du an 3, cdn b6 sung muc tieu cua tiiu d\r an vd 2: "Dam bdo phu nu dugc tiep can day du vdi cac eo hgi phdt triin san xudt ndng, ldm nghiep"; Tiiu du an 3: "Dam bdo phu nii dugc tiep can ddy du vdi cdc CO hgi khdi su kinh doanh, khdi nghiep" Bo sung chi tieu eua tieu du dn va (Du dn 3): "tdi thiiu 50% phu nii tham gia va hudng lgi ede d\r dn phdt triSn san xudt nong ldm nghiep, chan nudi" Vdi cd ba tiiu du an, bo sung chi tieu: "it nhdt 30% ngdn sdch cua cdc tieu du dn Du an duge ddnh cho ede du dn, mo hinh, hoat dpng nhdm thuc hien binh dang gidi/gidi quyit cac vin di han che/khoang cdch gidi tai dia phuong" - DSi vdi Du an 5, cdn bo sung vdo Muc a Tiiu du dn muc tieu "ddm bao ty le biet dpc, biit viit ciia phu nii DTTS khong thdp hon nam gidi"; bd sung vao Mue c ngi dung ho trg "Xdy dung chuong trinh, tdi lieu, cac hgc heu dua vdo nen tang so, ede trd ehoi tren dien thoai di khuyen khich phu nii tu hgc, hpc tir vung, d6ng thdi ldm quen va diich ung vdi cong nghe thdng tm d bac dan gidn" + B6 sung vdo Muc a Tieu du an ngi dung: "bdo ddm tdi thieu 50% ngudi dugc dao tao Id nii"; bo sung vdo Muc c phdn "bdi duong kien thiic dan tgc" va phdn "ndng cao ndng luc cho cgng dgng va cdn bg trien khai chuong trinh" ngi dung: "boi dudng kien thiic ve gidi va long ghep gidi thuc hien cac chinh sach ve dan tgc", bdi tren thuc te, nang luc long ghep gidi xay dung vd thuc thi du dn/chinh sdch ciia can bp dia phuong cdn nhieu han che Ngoai ra, de dam bdo xda bo cac rdo can lien quan din tudi tham chinh cua phu nii, can bi sung vdo Muc c ngi dung "hd trg cho phu nu di hgc bao gdm trg cap mang di hgc" Nguyen nhdn la co din 66.1% phu nii DTTS di hge khong dting dp tu6i nen nhieu phu nii co uy tin, eo nang luc ldm cdn bg CO the theo hgc dai hgc da lap gia dinh vd CO + B6 sung vdo Mue a Tiiu du dn muc tieu "dam bdo tii thiiu 15% lao dong DTTS duge dao tao nghe, bao ddm tii thieu 50% ngudi dugc tham gia cdc boat dgng hudng nghiep, dao tao nghi, dich vu gidi thieu viec lam la phu nii" - Ddi vdi Du an 7, de xuat bd sung muc tieu "98%i ddng bdo ddn tgc thiiu s6 tham gia bdo hiim y ti, ty le nii DTTS su dung the BHYT la 50%" Cuoi cung, edn sodt bi sung chi tieu tham gia cua phii nu cac du dn, tiiu du an Neu khong dugc xac dinh bdng mgt chi tieu nhdt dinh thi chac chan su tham gia, thu hudng vd dugc ton vinh cua phu nu DTTS se rat bi ban che so vdi nam gidi DTTS Thu ba, gidm sdt, ddnh gid thuc hien muc tieu Binh ddng gi&i Chuffng trinh muc tieu quoc gia phdt trien kinh te xd hoi vUng BTTS vd mien nui giai dogn 2021-2030 Binh dang gidi la mgt muc tieu cua Chugng trinh MTQG phdt trien kinh te - xa hgi vung DTTS vd mien mil giai doan 2021 - 2030 va CO nhiiu tieu du dn De gidm sat, danh gia chinh xac, kip thdi tdc dgng ciia chuang trinh, ciia tung dir dn doi vdi timg gidi, dam bao tdt ca cac hoat dpng cua Chuong trinh khong tao nhung tdc dgng tieu cue din phu nii vd nam gidi, cdn xdy dung bg s6 lieu diiu tra co ban ban ddu cd phdn tach theo gidi tinh va dua tren cdc vdn di cu the ve gidi Di lam dugc diiu ndy, cdn xdy dung 01 bg eong cu bao quat todn bg ngi dung cdn giam sdt, ddnh gid ve thuc hien binh dang gidi h-ong m6i du an/tiiu du an, to chiic giam sat, danh gia theo quy dinh ciia Chuong hinh; » NGHlfiN CUU I R l So 5(405)-T3/2020^L^p p f f A P ^ ' CHINH SACH cdn quy dinh va hudng ddn can bg chuang trinh, du an su dung cdc phuang phdp va cdng eu giam sat, ddnh gia giiip thu thdp s6 lieu va thong tm c6 phdn tdch theo gidi tinh vd cac van de cu the ve gidi (cd dinh tinh va dinh lugng) di ludng vd danh gid miic lgi ich vd hieu qud mang lai cho timg gidi Trong qua trinh trien khai chuang trinh, cac hoat dgng gidm sat - ddnh gia dugc xdc dinh theo ehu trinh nam/ giai doan, niu phdt hien nhiing khac biet giiia hai gidi (vi du ve miic hudng lgi, ve su tdc dgng bat lgi ), cdn phan tich cac nguyen nhan de co gidi phdp phu hgp dieu chinh boat dgng hodc cdch thiic thuc hien boat dgng Thu tu, xdc dinh hogt dgng vd cdch thuc thuc hien hogt dgng Chucmg trinh MTQG phdt trien kinh te - xa hoi vung DTTS vd miin nui giai dogn 2021-2030 Chuong trinh can xdc dinh va lua chgn cdch thiic thuc hien cdc hoat dgng phu hgp de cd nam gidi vd phu nii deu co the tham gia hieu qua Vi du: boat dgng nao cdn cd sir tham gia ciia cd nam va nii, boat dgng danh cho cdc doi tugng rieng, tuyen truyen ve binh ddng gidi cdn co sir tham gia cua tdt ca cdc thdnh vien cgng dong, luu tdm cac van de nhay cdm gidi; Idy y kien ciia phu nii ve sinh de an toan thi nen mdi rieng nhom phu nii, bo tri ngudi dieu hdnh la phu nii De phu nii tham gia hieu qua vao cac du dn cua chuong trinh, cdn quy dinh ty le phu nii duge tham gia hgp hdnh, bay to chinh kien cua minh; can bo sung vdo Du dn nguyen tac: "Cdc cong trinh dau tu phdi dugc di xudt cua toi thieu 50% phu nii tham du cac cuge hgp lap ke hoach hang nam thuc hien Chuong trinh", hoac bo sung quy dinh ddm bdo ty le tham gia toi thieu cua phu nir la 50% cdc ca hpi viec lam cong, theo Nghi dinh s6 61/2015, Thong tu s6 15/2017 ); uu tien cac du dn phdt trien sdn xuat, phat trien chudi gid tri co su tham gia 42 l r S i " : ' J ? i /S6 5(405,-T3/2020 tich cue, ehii dgng va hudng lgi cong bang cua phu nu; khuyen khich phu nii lam trudng nhdm hodc la thdnh vien ndng cdt ciia cdc td nhom, to hgp tde Chuang trinh edn nghien ciiu bo sung vai tro cua cdc td chuc dai dien nhu Mat trdn Td quoc vd cdc to chiic chinh tri - xa hgi cong tde tuyen truyin, van dgng nhdn dan tham gia thuc hien Chucmg trinh; tham gia gidm sat, danh gid Chuong trinh; bo sung vai tro ciia Hgi LHPN gidm sdt, phoi hgp, chii tri to chiie thuc hien cac boat dgng ciia cdc du dn hen quan den phu nii, gia dinh, binh ddng gidi Thd- ndm, nguon luc cua Chucmg trinh muc tieu quoc gia phdt triin kinh te xa hgi vdng DTTS vd mien nui giai dogn 2021-2030 - Xdy dung du todn ngdn sdch cua Chuong trinh, du dn bao gom ed ngan sach cho cac boat dpng long ghep gidi, ddm bdo phan bo du nhdn luc vd tdi chinh de thuc hien eac hoat dgng long ghep gidi - Ddi vdi can bg cua Chuang trinh cdn dua eac yeu cdu hi6u biet ve gidi va thiic day binh ddng gidi; thudng xuyen to chiic tap hudn nang cao nang luc long ghep gidi cho dpi ngii cdn bp ciia Chuang trinh - Trong qud trinh to chuc, phdn cong cong viec can tinh todn, can nhdc phdn cong trdch nhiem va cdng viec mgt each phu hgp giua can bp nam vd nii; - Cam ket vd thuc hien ddy du cdc nguyen tac, ngi dung ciing nhu bien phap thiic ddy binh ddng gidi qud trinh td chiic, dieu phdi thuc hien Chuang trinh MTQG phdt triin kinh ti - xa hgi vung DTTS vd miin mii giai doan 2021 - 2030 Ket luan Bmh ddng gidi la viec nam, nii co vi tri, vai tro ngang nhau, dugc tao dieu kien va co hgi phat huy nang luc ciia minh cho sir phdt CHINH SACH trien ciia cgng ddng, cua gia dinh vd thu hudng nhu vi thdnh qua ciia su phat triin Binh dang gidi la m§t nhung tieu chi quan trgng di danh gia s^ phat trien cua mgt xa hgi, mpt ddt nudc, tu no Id myc tieu ciia suphdt trien vd la yeutd ho trg, nang cao khd nang tang trudng kinh ti vd tiin bg xd hgi cua quoc gia Viec ddm bdo co hgi de phu nii DTTS tiep can va tham gia, hudng lgi tir Chuong trinh MTQP phdt triin kinh ti xa hgi viing DTTS vd mien mii giai doan 2021-2030 cdn phdi dugc xdc Igp tu khau thigt ke, xay dung, den thuc thi vd gidm sat, ddnh gia Chuong trinh Day chinh Id diiu kien quan trgng di phu nii DTTS khdng bi bd lai phia sau qua trinh phdt triin • TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Bg Ke hoach vd Ddu tu, UNICEF, "Tre em tien trinh phdt ttiin d Viet Nam- Chuang trinh nghi sy phat trien ben vung 2030", Hd Ngi thdng nam 2018 Commission, E (2008) Ethnic minority and Roma women in Europe: A ease for gender equality? Dang Nguyen Anh 2017, Tdch bi^t xa hgi vd bdt binh dang gidi d Tdy Nguyen, Tgp ehi Nghien ciiu Gia dinh vd Gidi so 3, tt.50-59 Hdi Lien hiep Phu nii Viet nam, Uy ban Ddn tgc, "De Phu nir Ddn tdc thiiu sd khdng bi bd lgi phia sau " (Hd ngi thdng 10/ 2019), tr.l2 Hdi Phy nii vd Uy ban Dan tpc (2020) "De phu nu dan tgc thieu sd khdng bi bo lai phia sau", tr.3 Ngan Anh (2017), Bmh dang gidi cho phu nii ddn tdc thiSu so: Vdn khodng each Bao Nhdn dan dien tOr ngdy 22/11/2017 Ngo Quang Son (2018), Nghien ciiu mo hmh ddo tao nghi cho phy nii dan tge thieu sd tai cdc xd ddc biet kho khan d khu vyc Tay Nam Bg, Viet Nam, Tap chi Dan tpc hpc so 5, ttang 71-79 Tong cyc Thdng ke (2019), Kit qua so bg Tong Diiu tta Ddn sd vd Nha d thdi diim 01/4/2019 Tong cue Thong ke vd Uy ban Ddn tgc, Diiu tta thuc ttang kmh te - xa hgi 53 ddn tge thieu so, nam 2015 10 UNWomen (2015), Tom tat vi tinh hinh phu nii vd tXQ em gdi ddn tgc thiiu so d Viet Nam 11 Uy ban Ddn tgc, Irish Aid, UNDP, Tdng quan thuc ttang kmh ti - xa hpi ciia 53 ddn tgc thiiu s6, Ha ngi, thdng 5- 2017, tt.41 12 Uy ban Dan tgc, Bdo cdo di xudt chii truang ddu tu Chuang trinh muc tieu qudc gia phdt triin kmh ti - xa hpi vung ddng bdo ddn tgc thiiu sd vd mien mii giai doan 2021 - 2030 (Bdn trinh Co quan Hgi ddng thim dinh Nha nudc, thdng 3/2020) 13 World Bank (2018), Tuang lai viec lam d Viet Nam dudi gde nhin gidi 14 Worid Bank (2019), Research Report: Drivers of Socio-Economic Development among Ethnic Mmority Groups in Vietoam 15 Young Lives (2018), Trudng thdnh: Ky ndng, lap nghiep vd xdy dyng gia dinh V NGHIEN Clill S6 ( ) - T / 2 \ _ | _ P P H A P 43 ... phdt trien kinh te xd hoi vUng BTTS vd mien nui giai dogn 2021- 2030 Binh dang gidi la mgt muc tieu cua Chugng trinh MTQG phdt trien kinh te - xa hgi vung DTTS vd mien mil giai doan 2021 - 2030 va... nhu Chuong trinh MTQG Giam ngheo ben viing giai doan 2016-2020 va sdp tdi Id Chuang trinh MTQG phat triin kinh ti - xd hgi vung dong bdo DTTS vd mien mii giai doan 2021- 2030 Mgt nhung muc tieu... trudng kinh ti vd tiin bg xd hgi cua quoc gia Viec ddm bdo co hgi de phu nii DTTS tiep can va tham gia, hudng lgi tir Chuong trinh MTQP phdt triin kinh ti xa hgi viing DTTS vd mien mii giai doan 2021- 2030