Dinh hiTtfng nghe nghiep cua hoc sinh trung hoc thong hien Truwng Thuy HSng'*' Tom tat: Bdi viet phdn tich thuc trgng dinh hu&ng nghe nghiep cua hgc sinh trung hgc phd thong (THPT) nhihig ndm gdn ddy vd thai diem hien tgi, gop phdn Idm ro thuc trgng dinh hu&ng nghe nghiep cua hgc sinh THPT hien Npi dung bdi viet tap trung trd l&i cdc cdu hoi: Hgc sinh du dinh lua chgn ngdnh nghi tuang lai nhu the ndo? Cdc em co san sdng, tu tin lua chgn nghi? Cdc em co thuc su hieu vi nghi minh da chgn? Dieu gi cdc em quan tdm lua chgn mdt nghe ndo do? Tur khoa: Dinh hudng nghe nghiep, Lua chpn nghe nghiep, Hgc sinh tmng hpc thdng, Viet Nam Abstract: The paper provides analysis which contributes to clarifying the current situation of career orientation for high school students in recent years It focuses on the following questions: How students plan to choose a future career? Are they willing and confident when choosing a career? Are they truly knowledgeable about their chosen profession? What they care about when making a choice? Keywords: Career Orientation, Career Choice, High School Students, Vietnam su phat trien xa hdi Xa hdi can dinh hudng Mo-dSu Nghd nghiep khdng chi phan anh gia nghe nghiep cho nien theo nhimg gia tri song ciia mdi ngudi ma cdn phan tri cd Igi cho sy phat trien Dieu dd se mang anh ca eau phat trien ciia xa hdi Thdi ky lai Igi ich thiet thyc cho ban than nien dan sd vang se tao Igi the canh tranh cho va xa hpi (Theo: Nguyen BaNgpc, 2007) Thdi gian qua, nhieu nghien ciru da Viet Nam vdi ngudn lao ddng ddi dao, gia re Tao viec lam, cd co cau nghe nghiep can va dang quan tam tim hieu thuc trang dinh doi, phii hgp la can thiet de dap dng tdt yeu hudng nghe nghiep eua hpc sinh THPTcJiu ciia thi trudng lao ddng, dac biet vdi dang dp tudi nien hien nay^ nhdm nien Theo cac nha xa hdi hpc, Bai viet tap trung he thdng, phan tich thuc cd thd chia dinh hudng gia tri cua nien trang dinh hudng nghe nghiep ciia hpc sinh hai loai, loai ed Igi va loai bat Igi cho THPT hien thdng qua ngudn sd lieu khao sat thyc tien cua tac gia tai thi xa Tir '*'ThS., Hoc vien Phu nu Viet Nam; Email: truongthuyhang@vwa.edu ^ Xem: Luat Thanh nien nam 2005 40 San thugc tinh Bac Ninh nam 2019', ddng thdi cd sy so sanh vdi cac cdng trinh nghien cuu cua cae tac gia nude khoang mpt thap nien trd lai day cd Uen quan den van de nghien cuu ciia de tai Nguon sd lieu khao sat thyc tien gdp phan cung cap thdng tin mdi cap nhat va phong phii han Qua phan tich, chiing tdi nhan thay cd bdn van de chinh qua trinh dinh hudng nghe nghiep ciia hpc sinh THPT hien nhu sau Lung tiing, kho khan va chua hieu ro ve nghe nghiep Dieu dau tien ed the nhan thay la: hpc sinh thieu tinh ty ehii dinh hudng nghe nghiep cho tuong lai Nhieu hpc sinh dua dy dinh ve nghe vdi mong mudn lam nhung lai dya tren cam tinh "Cd le em cdng viee eua mpt can bd co quan nha nude Em chua hieu ro minh se lam gi vdi cdng viec dd Nhung chac chan la phai hpc dai hgc mdi xm dugc viec" (hpc sinh, nir, Idp 12) Nhu vay, cd the nhan thay nhieu hgc sinh cdn kha liing tiing va chua hieu ro ve nghe nghiep tuong lai Cae nghien ciru di trudc ciing cho thay hpc sinh quan tam den nhieu van de chgn nghe, nhung that sy chua hieu biet nhieu ve nghe ma minh chpn Nhieu em vln xem dai hgc la dudng nhat va cho rang chgn mdt nghe la phai gan bo vdi nghe dd sudt ddi Nhieu hpc sinh thieu ' Khao sat dugc thuc hien nam 2019 voi tong so mhi khao sat bang hoi la 706, danh cho cac hoc sinh lop 11 va lop 12 tai hai truong THPT cr thi xa Tir Son, tinh B5c Ninh Trong nam chiem 44,6%, ntt chi^m 55,4% S6 hpc sinh lop 11 chiem 50,7%, hgc sinh lop 12 la 49,3% Ngoai ra, chiing toi phong v£n sau (PVS) 31 truong hpp, gom: 12 hgc sinh va giao vien tai hai trucmg noi tren, 01 can bo So Giao due va Dao tao tinh BSc Ninh; 02 can bo Sa Lao dpng - Thuang binh va Xa hgi tinh Bac Ninh; 02 chuyen gia \h giai; 06 phu huynh hgc sinh Thong tin Khoa hoe xa hoi sd 3.2020 hieu biet nen da chpn "dai khai" mpt nghe (Theo; Ngo Minh Duy, 2011) Khi neu nguyen vpng vd nganh nghe, hudng hpc thi da sd hpc sinh van dya vao cam tinh, sd thich, theo ban be, la chu yeu ma khdng can cii vac kha nang ciia ban than Dieu dan den nhieu hgc sinh nham lan lya chgn (Theo: Truang Thi Hoa, 2011: 57) Nghien cim cua Hoang Danh (2016) chi rang, ba nam hpc THPT, hpc sinh chua that su nghiem tiic dinh hudng cho viec chpn nganh nghe tuang lai hoac chua du nang lue dinh hudng nghe nghiep eho ban than, dii chi d muc dan gian Dieu ciing dugc phan anh phan nao nghien cuu eua ehiing tdi: "Em eung nghi den nghe nghiep tuong lai cua minh, nhung van cdn mo hd Em khdng biet minh dy dinh nghe nhu the ed dung hay khdng niia" (hpc sinh, nam, Idp 11) Ket qua khao sat eiia chiing tdi eiing cho thay, nhijng khd khan dudng nhu van cdn la vudng mac cua hpc sinh bdi canh hien tai: "Cudi nam Idp 12 la giai doan rat quan trgng vdi cae em hpc sinh Cac em phai dua quyet dinh cho tuang lai nghe nghiep ciia minh Cd nhiing em ty tin xac dinh tdt dudng minh se di Nhung ciing rat nhieu em cam thay rat kho khan dd dua quyet dinh Nao la bo me em khdng thich em hgc nganh nay, lam nghe nay, nao la neu em chgn nghe em khdng ch&e trudng se the nao, v.v " (Nii, giao vien, 38 tuoi Xu hudng lua chon nghe nghiep tutmg lai Xu hudng lya chpn nghi nghiep tuang lai cua hpc sinh thd hien r5 qua hai khia canh co ban: lya chpn bac hpc va lya chpn mdt sd nhdm nghe cu the a) Xu huong lua chgn nghi nghiep qua bdc hoc Sinh hudng nghe nghiep Cac nghien ciru di trudc va nghien ciru cua chiing toi deu nhan thay, hpc dai hpc van la xu hudng lya chpn ciia sd ddng hpe sinh Xu hudng mudn lam nhirng cdng viec khdng lien quan den lao ddng chan tay (lam "thay") ciia hpc sinh nhung nam qua den khong ed sy thay ddi Ben canh viec lya chpn khdi nganh hpc sinh THPT ciing dling trudc lya chpn bac hpc tuong lai Dinh hudng bac se theo hgc se la muc tieu, la ddng lyc de hpc sinh THPT cd them quyet tam hpc tap, ddng thdi ciing la mpt can cu lien quan den viec lya chgn nganh nghe tuang lai Ket qua khao sat ciia chiing tdi cho thay, da sd hpc sinh THPT cd dy dinh theo dudi bac hge dai hpc, 76,3% Sd dy djnh hpc trung cap, cao dang chiem ty le kha it, hon 10% Sd khdng tiep tuc hpc ma di tim viec lam hoac da cd cdng viec de lam chiem ty le Bang Dy djnh lua clion nghe nghiep tu-Qiig lai ciia hoc sinh THPT Tv le % Nghe nghiep/congviec 16,7 f Kinh doanh/marketting 7.1 CEO/Doanh nhan 3, BacsT/dirffc sT 6,9 Kiem toan/ke toan 6,9 6,9 Phien dich Lap trinh vien/Conp nghe thont; tin 5.5 5,5 K? sir (xay dirnp, che lao may, dien lii) 5.0 Giao vien 4.8 Cons an/sT quan/quan doi 3.1 10 Kien Iriic su/thiet ke hoa my Ihuat 11 Cong nhan/daubep/lam nglie tmyen 2,7 thong dia phuong 2.4 12 Tiep vien hang khong 2.3 13 Congchtrc/nhan vien van phong 2,1 14 Huong dan vien du lich 2,0 15 Lam dep (mong, toe, trang diem) L8 16 Nha bao/nha van 1.7 17 Hoat dong nghe thuat (dien vien casT ) 1.6 18, Ngan hang 1.6 19 Liiaisu 20 Nghe lien quan den vi^c sir dung mang 1,4 xa hoi (Slreammer, Vlogecr Youluber ) 0,7 2LPhic6n^ 10.1 22, Chuabiet/chuaro 23 Khac 1,1 100,0 Tong Ngudn: So lieu khao sat thuc dia cua chiing toi tai thj xa Tir Son, tinh Bac Ninh 41 khdng dang ke, hon 4% Cd mdt ty le nhd chua xac dinh dugc rd rang ve dudng hpc van ciia minh tuong lai "Myc tieu trudc mat cua em la hgc dai hgc Cac ban Idp em ciing the, Ci day neu khdng hpc dai hpc van cd the di lam cdng nhan hoac lam nghe Nhung trudng dai hpc van la nod chiing em mudn dat chan den, la udc mo ciia tudi tre va em mudn dugc trai nghiem tudi xuan d dd" (hpc sinh, nam, Idp 12) Vao dai hpc la udc ma ciia tudi tre va nhu mgt dieu hien nhien ciia cac ban hpc sinh tham gia khao sat Hpc de thi vao dai hpc gan nhu la tat yeu Nghien cuu eua Truong Thi Hoa (2011: 54) ciing chi rang, hpc sinh chu yen xac djnh thi vao cac trudng dai hpc, tuc la xu hudng mudn lam "thay", khdng mudn lam "thg" Tham chi, hpc sinh cd hpc lyc trung binh hoac yeu, kem cung mudn tham gia thi dai hpc Tren thyc te, dai hpc khdng phai la dudng nhat dan den cdng nghe nghiep Tuy nhien, da sd hpc sinh THPT dy dinh quyet tam thi vao dai hgc (neu khdng dd se hpc them chd nam sau thi lai), Nguyen Van Le, Nguydn Cdng Khanh (2015) ciing khJng djnh, da sd hpc sinh THPT chua dugc dinh hudng nghe phu hgp, chua dugc chuan bi tdt sau tdt nghiep phd thdng Mdt xu hudng khac ciia hpc sinh la di du hpc, nhien nhimg hpc sinh theo hudng ciing cho thay sy dinh hudng nghd nghiep chua ro net Nghien cuu cua Ngd Minli Duy (2011) chi rd rang: Mdt sd hpc sinh xac dinh se di du hpc neu khdng dau dugc vao nganli, nghe, trudng ma minh da chpn, day la khuynli hudng mdi xuat hien d nhiing gia dinh cd dieu kien Dieu ciing the hien ro khao sat ciia ehung tdi giai doan hien Nhu vay, nghien ciiu ciia ehung tdi tiep tiic iing hd cho nhan dinh: Cd rat it hgc sinli tdt nghiep THPT lya chpn hgc trung hgc 42 chuyen nghiep hay hgc nghe, cang hiem hon la dy dinh lam cdng nhan cac khu cdng nghiep hay di xuat khau lao dgng Da sd deu mudn dugc Iam ky su, dugc lam "thay" chit khdng mudn lam "thg", dii la thg cd tay nghe (Theo: Tran Dinh Chien, 2008) Con CO tu tudng hgc ten dai hgc de thoat ngheo dan den lua chpn nghe nghiep chua hgp ly (Theo: Nguyen Thi Kim Nhung, Luang Thi Thanh Vinh, 2018: 27) b) Xu hu&ng lua chgn nghi nghiip cu the tuong lai Ben canh dy dinh bac hpc, hpc sinh ciing da bat dau dinh hinh cho minh mdt cdng viec/nghe nghiep se theo dudi sau ket thiie qua trinh hpc tap tren ghe nha trudng Dii cdn the hien sy liing tiing lya chpn nghe, mdt sd hpe sinh cdn mdng lung, nhmig da so eae em da bat dau xac dinh cho minh mdt nghe se theo dudi tucmg lai ThOng Hn Khoa hoe xa hpi s6 3.2020 tiep vien hang khdng, hudng dan vien du lich, cdng chiic/nhan vien van phdng, cdng nhan/nghe dia phuong, ngan hang Cd mdt sd lugng hpc sinh nhit dinh chgn nghe phi cdng, hoac sd khac dy dinh lya chgn nghe mdi xuat hien kha 'hot' thdi gian gan day, nghe gan vdi internet va mang xa hgi nhu Streamer, Vloger, Youtuber Tuy nhien, ngugc lai ciing cd kha nhieu hpc sinh chua xac dinh dugc rd nganh nghe minh se lya chpn tucmg lai (10,1%) Day la mdt eonsd rat dang luu y Ket qua khao sat cac nghe dugc cho la "ndng" thap nien trudc, dugc xa hpi danh gia cao nhu tai chinh, ngan hang, ke toan, tin hpc ngoai ngii, dien tu vien thdng, y, dugc, (Theo: TrAn Dinh Chiln, 2008), thi khdng cdn la sy lya chpn hang dau ciia hpc sinh Nhimg em cd du dinh hoac lua chgn cac nganh nghe lien quan den kinh Tren co sd ket qua khao sat, chimg tdi doanh, budn ban khdng nhieu, ehi c6 da phan loai 21 nhdm nghe dugc hpc day hpc - mpt nghe dugc xem la on dinh, de tim viec lam hon, va dugc xa hdi de cao, sinh lya chpn (Bang 1) Nhdm nghe dugc hgc sinh du dinh lya van chiem vi tri uu tien lya chpn nhat dinh chgn nhieu nhat la kinh doanh/marketing Khdi trudng su pham dugc nhieu hpe sinh (16,7%) Nhieu hpc sinh cd suy nghT kha lua ehpn nhat, tiep theo la khdi cac nganh manh dan la mudn trd doanh nhan ky thuat, cdn khdi nganh van hda nghe that hoac tdng giam ddc Nhdm nghe thii hai la khdi trudng hpe sinh lya ehpn it nhat dugc hgc sinh dy dinh lya chgn la bac si/ (Truong Thi Hoa, 2011: 54) dugc sT, kiem toan/ke toan va phien dich (deu Cd the thay, dy dinh lya chgn nganh chiem 6,9%) Day la nhimg nhdm nghe dugc nghe ciia hpc sinh kha da dang Trong cho la cd nhieu ca hdi kiem them thu nliap cd nghe truyen thdng, nghe hien dai va ca Nhdm nghe thii ba dugc hgc sinh dy djnh nhimg nghe mdi xuat hien gan day lua chgn la lap trinh vien/lam ve cdng nghe xa hdi Dudi gdc dp cau true nghe nghiep, thdng tin (5,5%), giao vien (5,0%) va ky su nhirng du dinh lya chgn nghd nghiep ciia (xay dyng, che tao may, dien tir ) (5,5%) hpc smh dang gdp phan tao mgt xa hdi Ba nhdm nghe la nhiing nghe phd bien vdi nhieu nghe nghiep, cdng viec khae xa hpi nhieu nam gan day, vdi Tuy nhien, kdt qua khao sat ciing cho thay kha nang cd ca hdi thu nhap dn dinh va ddi hgc sinh hai trudng THPT dugc nghien ciiu hdi cln cd trinh dp chuyen mdn nhat dinh, chii ydu dy dinh lya chpn nhiing nghd mang Cdng an/sT quan/quan dpi ciing la nganli nghe dugc hgc sinh lya chpn (4,8%) Ben canh dd la mpt sd nghe nhu lam dep tinh chat la "thay" nhieu hon la "thg" Trong 21 nhdm nghe hpc sinh dy dinh lya chpn, chi CO nhdm nghe dugc coi la "thg" la S|nh hudng nghS nghiep lam dep (mdng, tdc, trang didm) va cdng nhan/dau bep/nghe truyen thdng dia phuang vdi t)' le kha khiem tdn (2,0% va 2,7%) Nghien cuu cua Tran Dinh Chien (2008) va Truong Thi Hoa (2011) chi rang cd rat it hpc sinh tdt nghiep THPT lya chpn hpc tnmg hgc chuyen nghiep hay hgc nghe, cang hiem ban la dy dinh lam cdng nhan cae khu cdng nghiep hay di xu4t khau lao dgng Da sd deu mudn dugc lam ky su, dugc lam "thay" ehu khdng mudn lam "thg", dii la thg cd tay nghd Nhan dinh van diing bdi canh hien Mdt nghien ciiu khac ciing da chi ra, hgc sinh chii yeu xac dinh thi vao cac trudng dai hgc Tuy nhien, khdi trudng su pham dugc nhieu hpe sinh lya chgn nhat, tiep theo la khdi cac nganh ky thuat, cdn khdi nganh van hda nghe that la khoi trudng hpc smh lya chpn it nhat (Truong Thi Hoa, 2011: 54) Da sd cac em van ed quan niem kien ve mdt sd nghe, chua nhan thay dugc vai trd su can thiet ciia cae nganh nghe xa hdi, chua cd thai va niem tin diing dan ddi vdi mpi loai hinh lao ddng Day chinh la nguyen nhan dan den sy mat can ddi viec tuyen sinh va dao tao nghe (Nguyen Thi Thanh Huyen, Ho Thi Thiiy Dung, 2012: 18) Nhu vay, ed the nhan thay, hpc sinh thudng lua chpn nganh nghe theo hudng Iam "thay" va theo su phat trien va "ndng" hien tai eiia nghe Quan niem tmyen tai "nhat Y, nhi Dugc, tam dugc Bach khoa" khdng cdn dugc ap dyng Nganh nghe su pham dugc lya chpn nhieu thap nien trudc, nhung vdi nghien cuu hien tai nd khdng cdn nam nhdm su lya chgn uu tien nhat Trong bdi canh Cach mang Cdng nghiep 4.0, mdt sd nghe mdi da bat dau xuat hien, hgc sinh ciing nhanh chdng nam bat va cd sy lya chpn Day la mgt xu hudng dang quan tam, nliat la ddi vdi cong tac dinh hudng nghe nghiep eua Bd Giao due va Dao tao va eae trudng hpc Cac ylu to dugc quan tam dinh hudng nghe nghiep cua hgc sinh Ket qua khao sat dinh tinh ciia chiing tdi va mdt sd nghien ciru di trudc cho thdy cac yeu td dugc quan tam dinh hudng nghe nghiep ciia hpc sinh la: (i) Nghi nghiep dn dinh, cd vi thi xd hpi Nghien eiiu ciia Dang Thanh Nhan (2010: 28) chi rang: Mong mudn cd "nghe nghiep dn dinh" la mdt nhiing tieu chi ma cac bac cha me mong dpi ban ca, ben canh hpc van cao, cd dia vi xa hdi, lam an gidi, cudc sdng gia dinh hanh phiic, tu each dao dirc tdt Mong mudn cua cha me ddi vdi cai, ca trai va gai, tap tnmg phan Idn d nhdm chi bao "can bd nlia nude" Xu hudng ehung dinh hudng nghe ciia cha me cho eon cai la thoat ly khdi ndng nghiep, ndng thdn va hudng den cdng viec khu vyc kinh te nha nude Nhieu bac cha me khdng eoi trpng viec lya chpn nghe nghiep can phai phii hgp vdi nang lyc va sd tnrdng ciia em minh, thyc chat viec lua chgn nghe nghiep eiia cai cdn mang y nghia danh vgng, khdng chi cho con, ma cdn cho ca cha me, gia dinh va ddng ho Ciing vdi qua trmh dinh hudng, cac yen td dugc quan tam qua trinh dinh hudng nghe nghiep la mdt phan cac nghien ciiu ciia Tran Dinh Chien (2008), Truong Thi Hoa (2011) va Pham Thi Nga (2014) Cac yeu td dugc de cap den nhu: co hdi cd viec lam, thu nhap, sy thang tien nghe nghiep, vi the xa hdi ciia nghe, v.v Cac dir lieu khao sat nghien ciiu ciia chiing tdi hien cung cho thay diem tuong ddng "Ai ciing mong mudn cd mdt cdng vice dn dinh, thu nhap dn dinh dd ddi sdng gia dinh 6n dinh Cd thu nhap cao cao mdt chiit ciing tdt, minh cd the lo dugc them cho bd me, hay anh chi em can giiip Dac biet vdi gai, cd viec lam dn dinh la quan trpng Con 44 Thong tin Khoa hoe xa hpi so 3.2020 trai thi cd the ngoai viec dn dinh cdn tinh den viec cd the phin dau cd vi the tdt xa hdi" (Nam, hpc sinh, Idp 12) Mdt cdng viec dn dinh van ludn dugc coi trpng, nhat la ddi vdi nhiing hpc sinh nil nghe sT quan quan dpi" (Nam, hpc sinh, lap 12) "Em thich lam nghe gi phai cd thu nhap tdt Thu nhap ay khdng chi nudi dugc ban than ma cdn phai nudi dugc gia dinh, hang nam cd the di du hch mdt vai noi dau dd (ii) Co ca hpi thi hien ndng luc bdn The he trudc cd the ngheo nhung gid ma ngheo thi rat khd" (Nti, hpc sinh, lop 11) thdn, di kiim viec idm vd co thu nhap cao Nhu vay, qua trinh dinh hudng Nghien cuu cua Tran Dinh Chien (2008: 67) ve xu hudng lya chgn nghe ciia hpc sinh lya chpn nghe nghiep, hpc siiih da bude Idp 12 cho thay, nhung van de dugc hpc dau quan tam den cac yeu td nhu sy dn dinh sinh quan tam qua trinh lya chpn nghe cua nghe, nghe cd vi the tdt Ben canh do, nghiep xep theo muc dp quan tam nhat den hpc sinh ciing dat cac tieu chi nhu nghe it quan tam la: Dieu kien de the hien nang cd CO hdi the hien ban than, de kiem viec lyc ban than; Co hdi cd viec lam sau lam va mang lai thu nhap cao trudng; Thu nhap (hoac Igi nhuan) ciia nghe; Ket luan Nang lyc, sd trudng, hiing thu ciia ban thin Ket qua phan tich d tren cho thay, tren vdi nghe; Sy ddng tinh ung hp ciia gia dinh; thyc te, hpc sinh THPT cdn liing tiing, gap La nghe dugc nhieu ngudi quan tam, lya nhieu khd khan qua trinh dinh hudng chpn hay khdng; Kha nang thang tien nghe nghiep Cac em lya chgn nghe chii yeu nghe; Dieu kien de tiep tuc hpc tap va nang dya tren cam tinh Ben canh dd, da cd nhiing cao trinh dp; Vi the xa hdi cua nghe; Sy danh hpc sinh biet dya tren nang luc, kha nang gia cua xa hpi ddi vdi nghe, Ben canh do, ciia ban than, mudn lam nghe cd co hgi the viec chgn nghe ciing xuat phat tir tam ly thyc hien the manh cua minh Nhimg khd khan dung (nghe de kiem tien, hpc nghe tim cua hpc sinh qua trinh dinh hudng viec lam de hon, nghe de kiem viec d nghe nghiep la thye te ma nha trudng, thay p h d , x e p t h u b a c , , 5) Gia tri kinh te dugc cd, cha me va nhiing nha chitc trach cd hen cac em dat d vi tri cao (Nguyen Thi Thanh quan can lang nghe, chia se nhieu ban Huyen, Hd Thi Thiiy Dung, 2012) Xu hudng lya chpn nghe nghiep theo Nghien cuu cua Tnrong Thi Hoa (2011) hudng lam "thay" van phan anh each nhin tdng hgp cac tieu chi lya chpn nghe nghiep nhan cdn mang tinh thien lech, chua hieu rd ciia hpc sinh va chi ro: hpc sinh chu yeu lya cac gia tri nghe nghiep cua hpc sinh Trong chpn nghe dya tren kha nang ciia ban than, bdi canh xa hdi thay ddi timg ngay, Cach rdi den sd thich Da sd hpc sinh da cd hieu mang Cdng nghiep 4.0 md nhieu co hdi biet nhat dinh lya chgn nganh nghe va thach thuc mdi vdi nghe nghiep thi viec dling, khdng cdn mang tinh chat cam tinh, can cd nhimg nghien cdu sau hon ve thuc ma da kha thyc te Chi cd khoang 1/3 sd tai la dieu can thiet Sy bien ddi co cau hpc sinh da quan tam den nhu cau lao ddng nghe nghiep vdi nhiing nganh nghd mdi cua xa hdi va kha nang hd trg tim viec lam xuat hien ciing la van de can luu tam cua gia dinh cac nghien cuu lien quan tiep theo • Ket qua phdng van sau nghien cmi ciia chiing tdi ciing tucmg ty "Em la nam gidi, em thay minh cd sy manh me, ban linh va didm dam Cd le em se lya chpn theo dudi Tai lieu tham khao Trin Dinh Chidn (2008), Xu hu&ng Ilea chgn nghe nghiep cua hgc sinh lap Sinh hudng nghe nghiep 12 tru&ng trung hgc phd thong duoi dnh hu&ng cua nen kinh te thi truang (Khdo sdt tgi tinh Phu Thg), Luan van thac sT Giao due hpc, Dai hpe Thai Nguyen Ngd Minh Duy (2011), Dpng co chgn nghi cua hgc sinh l&p 12 tgi mpt so truong & Tp Ho Chi Minh, Luan van thac Sl Tam ly hpc, Trudng Dai hpc Su pham Tp Hd Chi Minh Hoang Danh (2016), "Chgn nghe, hgc sinh phai hieu dugc minh", Tudi tre online Truang Thi Hoa (2011), "Thyc trang dinh hudng nghe nghiep ciia hpc sinh trung hpc phd thdng tinh Hda Binh", Tap chi Khoa hgc gido due So 66, thang 3, fr 54-61 Nguyen Thi Thanh Huyen, Hd Thi Thiiy Dung (2012), "Anh hudng cua truyen thdng gia dinh den dinh hudng nghe nghiep eua hpc sinh Idp 12 phd Thai Nguyen", Tap ehi Gido due (tiip theo ti-ang 59) Koreanlnstitute ofSoutheast Asia Studies (2017), Partnering for Tomorrow: ASEAN-Korea Relations, published in Seoul by the ASEAN-Korea Centre Lee Myung-bak, "Speech by the President of South Korea in Hanoi Summit (2010)", The New Korean Asianism, French Academic Network on Asian Studies, http://www.gis-reseau-asie org/en/new-korean-asianism, accessed on 22/11/2019 Leong, HK (ed.) (2007), ASEANKorea Relations: Security Trade and Community Building, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore The quote is taken from the Introduction written by Dr Ho Khai Leong Sd282(ky3thang3),tr 17-19 Nguyen Ba Ngpc (2007), "Thdt nghiep nien va van de dinh hudng nghi nghiep" Tap chi Nghien cuu Kinh ti, sd 345, thang Pham Thi Nga (2014), "Dinh hudng nghe nghiep cua ngudi" Tap chi Khoa hgc Giao thong van tdi, thang 10, tr 92-95 Dang Thanh Nhan (2010), "Dinh hudng nghe nghiep eho cai" Tap ehi Nghien cicu Gia dinh vd Gi&i, sd 5, tr 26-38 Nguyen Thj Kim Nhung, Luong Thi Thanh Vinh (2018), "Danh gia cac ydu td anh hudng den djnh hudng nghe nghiep cua hpc sinh trung hpc thdng tai Nghe An", Tap chi Gido due, S6 431 (ky 1, thang 6), h 27-31,53 10 Nguyen Van Le, Nguyen Cdng Khanh (2005), "Dinh hudng nghe nghiep Ida tudi hpc sinh trung hgc thdng" Tap chi Tdm ly hgc, sd 8, tr 11-18 Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Republic of Korea (2009), Joint Statement of the ASEAN-Republic of Korea Commemorative Summit, Jeju Island, Republic of Korea, http://www.mofa.go.kr/eng, accessed on 17/10/2019 10 Sungil Kwa (2018), Korea's New Southern Policy: Vision and Challenges, Korea Institute for International Economic Policy 11 ^1:0 Center {20n), ASEAN-Republic of Korea Dialogue Relations, http:// wtocenter.vn, accessed on 18/9/2019 12 YonhapNewsAgency(2014),fw//7ex^ of Joint Communique of the ASEANROK Commemorative Summit, Busan, Republic of Korea, https://en.yna co.kr, accessed on 26/11/2018 ... cua hpc sinh trung hpc thdng tai Nghe An", Tap chi Gido due, S6 431 (ky 1, thang 6), h 27-31,53 10 Nguyen Van Le, Nguyen Cdng Khanh (2005), "Dinh hudng nghe nghiep Ida tudi hpc sinh trung hgc... dugc viec" (hpc sinh, nir, Idp 12) Nhu vay, cd the nhan thay nhieu hgc sinh cdn kha liing tiing va chua hieu ro ve nghe nghiep tuong lai Cae nghien ciru di trudc ciing cho thay hpc sinh quan tam... chiem 44,6%, ntt chi^m 55,4% S6 hpc sinh lop 11 chiem 50,7%, hgc sinh lop 12 la 49,3% Ngoai ra, chiing toi phong v£n sau (PVS) 31 truong hpp, gom: 12 hgc sinh va giao vien tai hai trucmg noi