TAPCHiCOIKTHiraNB PHAN TICH TAC DQNG CUA CAC NHAN TO ANH HlJdNG DEN MlTC DO HANH PHtJC CUA NGlTCJl DAN VIET NAM • HOANG TH! THANH TAM - DINH THf HANH TOM TXT: Bai vie't xem xet cdc ye'u td' anh hffdng den "mffc hanh phuc" ciJa ngffdi dan Viet Nam nhff: Tudi tdc, gidi tinh, sffc khde, trinh hpc vS'n, tinh trang hdn nhan, Ihu nhdp, khu vffc, cac ye'u td thupc vo'n xa hpi - nhff niem lin, md'i quan he ban be - cua ngffdi dan Dong thdi, bdi vie't cung dffa cdc gpi y chinh sach nham nang cao mffc dd hanh phffc cua ngffdi dan Viel Nam Tuf khoa: Hanh phuc, xa hdi, ngffdi dan, Vidt Nam I.D3tv3'nd^ Cd rat nhieu khdi niem, dinh nghTa ve hanh phuc, nhien hau hd't cdc nghidn cffu trffdc day ve hanh phuc chu yd'u mang tinh dinh tinh va chu quan "Hanh phuc" la thuat ngff chi sff thffdng xuydn cd nhffng cam xuc tich cffc, sff hai long cao vdi cupc sd'ng Hanh phuc vd'n la mdt Men iffdng chu quan nen cd the ddnh gia nd qua sff ddnh gia chu quan ci3a khach the' Do dd, Iffdng hanh phuc la mdt va'n di khd trffu tffdng, kho nam bat vi nd phu thupc nhieu vao sff cam nhan cdc hoan canh khac Tren thd' gidi da co nhieu nghien cffu ve hanh phuc, nhu: Feelmg Good: The Science of WellBeing cua C Robert Cloninger (2004) Happiness: A New Perspective cua James Hadley (2013), Cf Viet Nam, cung cd mot so' nghien cffu \e hanh phuc nhff: "Cam nhan hanh phuc ciia ngffdi ndng ddn" cua Phan Thi Mai Hffdng (2014); "Cam nhan hanh phiic cua sinh \ien" cua Hoang Thi Trang(2015), Co th^ thay cdc van de lidn quan de'n mffc dp hanh phiic cua ngffdi dan ludn dffde xa hoi quan 104 So 16-Thang 7/2020 tam Nghidn cffu ve cdc van de se gdp ph^n nang cao mffc dp hanh phuc cua ngffdi dan, tff dd gdp phan cai thien chd't Iffdng cudc song, kinh te* cua moi qud'c gia Bai vidt nghien cffu mffc dp hanh phffc cua ngffdi dan vdi vide so sanh mffc diu nhap tffdng doi cung vdi cac bie'n dpc lap khdc nhff: Thu nhap trung binh, sffc khde, y td', giao due,, So'li^u nghien cihi va cac bid'n so 2.1 So lieu nghien cdu Doi tffdng nghidn cffu la 3311 chu hp cua cdc hd gia dinh dUdc chon nglu nhidn vdi pham vi khdng gian trdn 12 tinh la: Ha Tay, Lao Cai, Phu Thp, Lai Chdu, Didn Bien, Nghe An, Quang Nam, Khdnh Hoa, Dak Lak Dak Ndng, Lam Dong, Long An Pham vi thdi gian la nam 2016 Bang cau hdi bao gom thdng tin nhan khau hpc nhu Viing, gidi tinh tudi, thu nhap, sffc khoe , cd sd tang, tiep can cac dich vu va chffdng trinh phdt irien Bang cau hoi hp gia dinh bao gom: Danh sdch hd gia dinh, dac diem chung ciia cac Mdn va nha d; vide lam; chi tieu thffe pham, tie't ki?m va tin dung, cu soV va riii ro dd'i phd di cff, ket ndi chinh \j\ \ a vd'n xa hdi QUAN TRj-QUANLY 2.2 Cdc biin so (Bdng 1) Bid'n phu thudc "Mdc hanh phuc" - HP: La sif tff cam nh|n cua ngffdi dan vi mffc hanh phuc vdi mffc: Tha't vpng, khdng hai long, hdi long, rat hai long Cac bien dpc lap: "Mdc thu nhdp"- TN: Thu nhdp binh quan dIu ngffdi hd, ddn vi 1.000 dong/nam "Chinh lich thu nhdp"- TN _CL vdi mffc: Nho hdn mffc trung binh va Idn hdn mffc trung binh so vdi ngffdi dSn cung dia phffdng "Mdc dap dng viyti cua diaphucfng"- YTE vdi mffc: Khdng cd dich vu, rd't thie'u/ye'u so vdi nhu cau, thid'u/yd'u so vdi nhu cau, ve cd ban ddpffngdu nhu can, ddpffngtot "Mice dap ling ve gido due cua dia phuang" - GD vdi mffc: Khdng cd dich vu, rat thie'u/ye'u so vdi nhu c^u, thie'u/ye'u so vdi nhu c^u, ve cd ban dap ffng du nhu clu, ddpffngtd't "Chinh tri"- CHINH_TRI vdi mffc: Khdng hai long va cd hai long vdi cudc sd'ng Ngodi ra, cdc dac trung nhan khau hoc cung dffde xem la cd anh hffdng de'n sff cam nhan vi hanh phuc cua ngu'di dan: "Tinh trang si2c khoe"- SK vdi mffc: R^t khde, binh thu'dng, khong khoe lam, ra't ye'u "Tuoi" - TUOI: Tudi d day dffde lay la tudi cua chu hp "Gidi tinh" - GIOITINH: Nff va nam "Hoc vdn" - HOCVAN la bang cd'p cao nhd'l eua chu hp: Khdng bang cd'p, day nghe ngdn han, day nghe dai han, ining hpc chuydn nghidp, cao dang, dai hpc, thac sT, tid'n sT "Hon nhdn" - HONNHAN vdi cdc mffc: Chffa kd't hdn, dang cd vd/ chong, god, ly hdn, ly than "Nhdn to bdn thdn" - BT: La viec dffa quye't dinh cua ban than ve cac viec hidn tai va tffdng lai vdi mffc: Hoan loan dong y, dong y, khdng dong y, hoan loan khdng dong y "Khu vUc" - KHU_^VUC: Thanh thi va ndng ihdn Nghien cffu da sff dung md hinh hoi quy Logit thff bdc lam cdng cu phan tich bdi vi bien phu thudc dffde lu'dng bang thang thff bac Bang Thong ke mo to cac bien N MInlrtium Maximum Mean GIOITINH 3311 50 Std Deviation 500 TUOI 3311 19 101 32,23 20.462 HONNHAN 3311 1.29 600 HOCVAN 3311 1.49 1.220 TN-CL 3311 33 1.553 YTE 3311 72 ,783 GD 3311 88 815 HP 3311 79 532 CHINH_TR 3311 05 227 KHU_VUC 3311 07 256 BT 3311 2.92 648 SK 3311 2.83 593 Valid N (llstwise) 3311 Nguon: Ket qud xd ly so'lieu cda tdc gid So 16-Thang 7/2020 105 TAPCHJCONCTHIfliNC ve giao due tai dia phffdng, chinh • • a ndi d ciia ngffdi dan Trong td't ca cac bid'n, bie^n nhan to' sffc khde c6 tac ddng nhieu nha't den mffc dp hanh phiic eiia ngffdi dan vdi he so' la 0,592 Co the thay, sffc khde la mdt yd'u Id' vd ciing quan trpng anh hffdng dd'n mffc dp hanh phuc cung nhff sff hdi Idng vdi cupc sd'ng eiia ngffdi dan Mo hinh va k^'t qua tiik li/tfng Mo hinli hoi quy: HP = f(BT, SK, TNcu UTE, CHINHrs, TN, KHVyVC, GIOITINH, TUOI, HONNHAN, HOCVAN) B ien phu tliuoc la: HP Bie'n a6c lap la: BT, SK, TN_CL, YTE, GD, CH1NH_TR, TN, KHU.VUC, GIOITINH, TUOI, HONNHAN, HOCVAN Sau loai bo cac bien d6c llip khong co y nghia thong ke, hoi quy lai ta nhan difdc m6 hinh: Theo kd't qua tren, anh hffdng cua mffe chdnh lech thu nhap la 0,339, tffdng dd'i cao nhffng khdng phai la cao nha't Bdi d Viet Nam hidn nay, ngUdi dan chffa quan tdm nhieu de'n mffc thu nhap tffdng B2) Bang Mo hinh hoi quy Number of obs= 3,310 Ordered logistic regression LRchi2(6)=442,58 Prob>chi2 =0,000 Log likelihood = -2123,49 Pseudo R' =0,086 HP C08f Std.Eir z P TN CL 0,339 0,027 12,32 0,000 TN 0,001 0,031 3,34 0,001 SK 0,592 0,068 8,69 0,000 BT 0.211 0,061 3,44 0,001 GD 0,258 0,048 5,29 0,000 CHINH_TR 0,555 0,192 2,89 0,004 KHU_VUC 0,330 0,163 2,02 0,043 Nguon: Ket qud xd ty so'lieu ciia tdc gia Ke'l qua hdi quy cho thay: Prob > chi2 = 0.000 cho bie't md hinh la phii hdp Vdi mffc y nghia 5%, cac bid'n TN_CL, TN, SK, BT, GD, CH1NH_TR, KHU_VUC md hinh trdn deu cd y nghTa thd'ng kd \i P cho thd'y, cac bid'n ddc lap tren deu tdc ddng ciing chieu len bie'n phu thudc HP Tff ke't qua md hinh hdi quy logit thff bac cho iha\ cdc yeu to' anh hffdng dd'n mffc dp hanh phuc gdm: Chdnh lech thu nhap thu nhdp trung binh, nhan id sffc khde nhan td' ban than, mffc dap ffng 106 So 16-Thang 7/2020 dd'i, hp chii yd'u quan tam nhieu de'n thu nhap tuy?t ddi Hp mdi dang quan tam de'n viec so sdnh moi thdng kie'm dffde bao nhieu tien ma chua quan tam de'n vide lam the' nao, ma't ihdi gian bao lau de kid'm dffde so tien dd Vi vay du nhieu ngffdi cd nguon thu nhip cao nhffng lai phai lam viec qua nhieu gid dan de'n khong hanh phiic bdng nhffng ngffdi cd mffc thu nhdp on dinh vffa phai nhung chi phai lam so gid it hdn, ed thdi gian nghi ngdi, du lich Dd'i vdi ty sd Odds cho bie'i d m6i phan loai bien dpc lap tang len ddn vi thi bi^n phu thudc thay ddi bao nhieu (Bang 3) QUAN TR!-QUAN LV Bang Ty so odds cdc bien doc lap Id bid'n doc lap Number of obs =3,310 Tysoodd LRchi2 (5) = 422,58 Prob >chl2 = 0,0000 Log likelihood = -2339,68 Pseudo R== 0,0864 HP Coef Std.Eir z P TN_CL 1,404 0,038 12,32 0,000 TN 1,001 0,003 3,34 0,001 SK 1,809 0,123 8,69 0,000 BT 1,235 0,076 3,44 0,001 GD 1,295 0,063 5,29 0,000 CHINH_TR 1,742 0,335 2,89 0,004 KHU_VUC 1.392 0.228 2,02 0,043 J Nguon: Ket qud xvcly so'lieu cua tdc gid Md hinh hoi quy Ologit cho thd'y: Bie'n "Chdnh lech Ihu nhdp cua ngffdi dan": Vdi sd 0,339 > 0, ne'u mffc dp ddnh gia "Chdnh lech thu nhap cua ngffdi ddn" tang len mffc thi log-odds thff bdo eua vide thudc phan loai mffe dp hanh phiic tang cac ye'u to' khac khdng ddi Ngoai ra, dffa vao ty sd' odds 1,404 > I cho tha'y, ne'u chdnh Idch thu nhap dffde ddnh gid cao len mffc thi ty sd' odds ung hd phdn loai mffc dp hanh phuc cao hdn so vdi mdt phan loai mffc dd hanh phiic thd'p hdn la Idn hdn Bid'n "thu nhap irung binh " vdi he sd' 0,001 > 0, ne'u mffc dp ddnh gid thu nhap tang len mffc thi log-odds thff bac ciia viec thudc phan loai mffc dp hanh phiic tang eac ye'u to' khdc khdng doi Ty sd'odds 1,001 > cho tha'y, ne'u thu nhdp trung binh dffde ddnh gid eao len mffc thi ty so' odds ling hd phdn loai mffc dp hanh phiic cao hdn so vdi mdt phan loai mffc dp hanh phuc thd'p hdn la Idn hdnl Bid'n "tinh trang sffc khde" vdi he so'0,592 >0, nd'u mffc dp danh gia tmh trang sffc khde tang len I mffc thi log-odds thff bac ciia viec thupc phdn loai mffc dp hanh phiic tang cdc yd'u id' khdc khdng ddi Ty sd'odds 1,809 > I cho thd'y ne'u tinh trang sffc khde dffde danh gia cao len mffc ihi ty sd' odds ling hd phdn loai mffc dp hanh phiic cao hdn so vdi mdt phdn loai mffc dp hanh phiic tha'p hdn la Idn hdn Bie'n "nhan id' ban thdn" vdi he so' 0,211 > 0, ne'u mffc dp ddnh gia nhan td' ban than lang Idn mffc thi log-odds thff bac ciia viec thudc phan loai mffc dp hanh phuc tang cdc ye'u to' khac khdng ddi Ty so' odds 1,235 > cho tha'y, ne'u nhan id ban than dffde danh gid cao len mffc thi ly sd'odds ung hd phSn loai mffe dd hanh phuc cao hdn so vdi mdt phan loai mffe dp hanh phuc thd'p hdn la Idn hdn Bid'n "mffc dp dap ffng gido due tai dia phffdng" vdi he so' 0,258 > 0, ne'u mffc dd dap ffng gido due tang len mffc thi log-odds thff bac eua viec thudc phan loai mffc hanh phuc lang cdc ye'u td khac khdng ddi Ty sdodds 1,295 > cho tha'y, nd'u mffc dp ddp ffng gido due dffde danh gid eao len mffc thi ty sd' odds ung hd phan loai mffc dp hanh phuc cao hdn so vdi mot phdn loai mffc dp hanh phuc tha'p hdn la Idn hdn Bid'n "iham gia chinh tri" vdi he so 0,555 > 0, ne'u mffc dp danh gia vide iham gia vao chinh tri tang len mffc thi log-odds thff bac cua vide thupc phdn loai mffc dp hanh phiic tang cde yd'u to' khdc khdng ddi T\ sd' odds 1,742 > cho thd'y, nd'u vide tham gia vao chinh tri dffde danh gia cao len I So 16-Thang 7/2020 107 TAP CHi come THirifNG mffc thi ty so' odds iing hd phan loai mffc hanh phuc cao hdn so vdi mot phan loai mffc hanh phuc thd'p hdn la Idn hdn Bid'n "khu vffc" giup nhan xet dffde sff khac bidt giffa mffc hanh phuc ndng thdn va thi Vdi he so' 0.330 > cho tha'y, ngffdi dan d nong thdn hanh phiic hdn ihdnh thi 4, Kd't lii$n va khuyd'n nghi 4.1 Ket luan Bdng viec khao sdt cdc bie'n dpc lap cung vdi cac yeu to vl nhdn khau hpc, qua cae bi/dc xff ly sd' heu va chay md hinh hdi Logit thff bac tren STATA, ed the difa kd't ludn: Cde bie'n "thu nhap", "chenh lech thu nhdp ", "linh trang sffc khde", "nhan tdban than", "mffc dd ddp ffng ve giao due eua dia phi/dng", "tham gia ehinh tri", "khu vffc" deu cd lac ddng dd'n "mffc hai long ve cudc sd'ng hien tai" hay "mffc dp hanh phiic" cua ngffdi dan Cac bid'n GIOITINH, TUOI, HONNHAN, YTE, HOCVAN khdng cd anh hffdng dd'n mffc dp hanh phuc ciia ngffdi dan irong md hinh nghien cffu nay, cd ihd cdc tac dpng ben ngoai ma sff han che'cua md hinh khdng phan tich rd diiOc mffc dd anh hffdng Thu nhap tuyet dd'i quan Q-png irong anh hffdng dd'n hanh phuc, luy nhien tff ke't qua md hinh trdn cd the tha'y thu nhap hrdng dd'i cung ra't quan trpng Ngoai ra, cdc bie'n khdc deu phu hdp vdi md hinh nghidn cda 4.2 Khuye'n nghi Qua ke't qud phan tich nghidn cffu, de ndng cao mffc dp hanh phuc, nghien cffu ^ ^ud't mdt sd khuye'n nghi sau: - Can cd giai phdp ve thu nhap tffdng ddi, gidi phap de tang cffdng cd hpi cd vide lam cho ta't ca mpi ngffdi, dac bidt la ngffdi cd hoan canh kho khan nham dam bao ngudn thu nhap loi thieu va giam ngheo ben vffng cho ngffdi dan - Can day manh cdc chffdng trinh cham sdc sffc khde, tao ed hdi cho ngffdi lao ddng tham gia he thd'ng chinh sach bao hiem xa hdi, bao hiem tha't nghiep de chii dpng dd'i phd thu nhdp bi suy giam hoac bi m^t di cdc rui ro nhff dm dau, tai nan lao dong, ludi gia - Can cai thien tinh trang d nhidm bdi cdc hoat ddng ngffdi gay ra, dong ihdi thffe hien nghiem tuc vide quan ly vd sinh an toan thffe pham - Can xay diTng mdt moi trffdng xa hdi lanh manh, mdt xa hdi cd an ninh chinh tri, hat tff an toan xa hdi, ed mdt nen tff do, dan chu thffe sff, mpt xd hpi edng bang, van minh - Cdn cdi md hdn chinh sdch qudn ly cac va'n de ton gido, chinh tri, de cao cdc gid tri vdn hda tinh than, gid tri eua hanh phuc gia dinh, phdt irien kinh te' gan lien vdi cac hoat dpng vdn hda gido due, xa hdi nham phai trien cdn bang, lang cffdng tie'p can eua ngffdi dan de'n he thd'ng dich vu xd hdi cd ban nhu giao due, y le', nha d, nffdc sach vd ve sinh mdi trffdng, thdng tin - Cud'i cung, can hoan ihidn hd thd'ng 1^^ ludn ve an sinh xa hpi eho phu hdp vdi bd'i canh hipn tai eiia da't nffdc • TAI L i e u THAM KHAO: C Robert Cloninger (2004) Feeling Good: The Science of Well-Being Oxford Phan Thi Mai Huong (20141 Cam nhan hanh phiic ciia ngudi nong dan Tapc/ii'Tam/v/ipc sdSu" 28-41 James Hddlc> (2013) Happiness: A New Perspective CrealeSpace Independent Pubhshing Platform HoingThi Trang (2015), Cam nhdn hanh phuc cua sinh vien Luan van thac sT, TrUdng Dai hoc Khoa ho X' h " \ a Nhan van Dai hoc Qud'c gia Ha Ndi 108 So 16-Thang 7/2020 QUAD TI!-QUANLY Ngay nh$n bai: 20/5/2020 Ngay phan bi$n danh gia va suTa chiJa: 29/5/2020 Ngay cha'p nh9n dang bai: 10/6/2020 Thong tin tdc gid: ThS HOANG THI THANH TAM Cuf nhan DINH THI HANH TrUoTng Dai hQC Kinh t§'Qnoc dan ANALYZING THE FACTORS AFFECTING THE HAPPINESS LEVEL OF VIETNAMESE PEOPLE • Master HOANG THI THANH TAM • DINH THI HANH National Economics University ABSTRACT: This paper examines the factors atfecting the happiness level of Vietnamese people such as age, gender, health, education level, marital status, income, region and other social factors including beliefs, friendships, etc Some policy recommendations were introduced to improve the happiness of Vietnamese people Keywords: Happiness, society, people, Vietnam So 16-Thang 7/2020 109 ... LEVEL OF VIETNAMESE PEOPLE • Master HOANG THI THANH TAM • DINH THI HANH National Economics University ABSTRACT: This paper examines the factors atfecting the happiness level of Vietnamese people... policy recommendations were introduced to improve the happiness of Vietnamese people Keywords: Happiness, society, people, Vietnam So 16-Thang 7/2020 109 ... cua mffe chdnh lech thu nhap la 0,339, tffdng dd'i cao nhffng khdng phai la cao nha't Bdi d Viet Nam hidn nay, ngUdi dan chffa quan tdm nhieu de'n mffc thu nhap tffdng B2) Bang Mo hinh hoi quy