*Ngh\en.ciiu -Trao ddi XAY DUNG DOfI SONG TINH THAN d VUNG DONG B A N G SONG CUtJ LONG NH&NG VAN DE LI LUAN VA IHlTC HEN PGS, TS T R A N M A I i r d c T6ni tat: Thuc tien da chimg minh Dong bang Song Cim Long khong nhirng la viing co vi tri, vai trd quan doi voi suphdt trien kinh te - vdn hoa - xa hoi cita ddt nu&c, md la "wa Im" vd viing trdng cay luong thuc noi tieng cua Viet Nam; dong thdi, viing ddt duoc biet den la mot nhimg nai cd d&i song tinh thdn rat da dang vd phong phii, Bdi viet phdn tich nimg van de lien quan den xdy dimg dai song tinh thdn tgi viing Dong bang Song Cim Long, Tir khoa: Dong bang Song Cim Long; d&i song tinh thdn; I Oan nh^p Vimg D6ng bang Song Cuu Long •gom 12 tinh va ph6 tmc thuoc Trang uong D6ng bSng Song Cuu Long la mot K phan cua chau th6 song Me Kong co dien tich 39.734km^, theo ket qua dieu tra dan s6 01/04/2011, s6 lieu miM cap nhat la 17,51 trieu ngucri"', chiSm 19,8% dan sd ca nuoc Ti le tang * s6 binh quan giai doan 1999 - 2009 la 0,6% Btogbang Song Cim Long co vi hi lien ke voi "Trir(ng Bai hoc Ngan hang Thanh ph6 Hd Chi Minh Ktoahoc chinh tri - So 2/2019 vung Dong Nam bo, phia BJc giap Campuchia, phia Tay Nam giap vjnh Thai Lan, phia Dong Nam la biln Dong Vimg DSng bang Song Cmi Long dugc hinh tit nhiing trim tich phu sa va Mi dto qua nhiing ki nguyen thay doi muc nuoc biin; qua timg giai doan keo theo su hmh nhOng gidng cat doc theo bo bien Nhiing hoat dong hSn hgp cua song, biln da hinh nhirng vat ddt phii sa phi nhieu doc theo de ven song lln doc theo mgt s6 giSng cat ven bite va dat phen hen trSm h'ch dam manttOngthap, nhu virng Dong Thap Muoi, til giac Long Xuyen Ha Tien, Tay Nam song Hau, ban dao Ca Mau • Nghien ciiu-Trao ddi Ddng bang Sdng Ciru Long la vimg dat hdi tu dan eir cua nliieu tgc ngirdi, ehu yeu la ngudi Viet, ngudi Klmier, ngudi Hoa, cdn lai la ngudi Cham Hg crmg ehung sdng va phat trien eae loai hinh hoat dgng Idnh te Qua qua trinh hinh va phat trien den nay, cd the khang dinh, Ddng bSng Sdng Cuu Long khdng chi la "vua lua" va vimg trdng cay luong thue ndi tieng eiia Viet Nam, ma cdn dugc biet den la mgt nhiing ncri ed ddi sdng tinh than rat da dang, phong phu Trong sudt cliieu dai lieh su, van hda truyen thdng eua cae dan tdc sdng tren lanh thd nude Viet Nam ndi cbung, vung Ddng bang Sdng Ciru Long ndi rieng ludn dugc tieh tu, gin gift; dugc xem la di san quy gia, gdp phan lam nen su phong phu, da dang va thdng nbat eiia nen van hda Viet Nam Hien nay, ddng chay toan eau hda, trudc su tac ddng, anh hudng va lan tda cua caeh mang edng nghiep 4.0, viee gift gin, phat huy cae gia tri tieh cue cua ddi sdng tinh than tai vung Ddng bang Sdng Cuu Long la nhiem vu, viec lam mang ea y ngiila li luan va thue tien sau sae DM song tinh than va nhung dac di^m co* ban cua ddi song tinh than d^ viing Dong bang Sdng Cmi Long Ddi sdng tinh than la mdt liiih vue hgp ddi sdng xa hgi, tir thdi cd dai, cae nha vat da eoi tinh than la su boat dgng b' luan Den the ki XVn - XVIII, cae nha tri6t hgc vat nhu Thomas Hobbs va John Locke lai eoi tinh than la su ket bgp ciia eae cam giac Triet hgc cd dien Due xem xet tinh than tu gdc y thiic va tu y thiic Tu tudng triet hge vat bien chiing da nhin nhan dung ban eh§t cua tinh thSn: la su phan anh the gidi khach quan vao dau 6e eon ngudi C.Mac viet: Y niem chang qua cbi la vat ehat dugc dem ehuyen vao dau dc eon ngudi va dugc cai bien di d dd'^' VI Lenin eimg khang dinh: Ddi vdi ngudi vat, tbi cai dang tdn tai tren thuc te la the gidi ben ngoai ma cam giac ciia ebiing ta la hinh anh eiia the gidi dd'^' Chu nglua vat bien chiing khang dinh, tinh than la chuc nang cua loai vat chat dae bi^t, ed td ehiie eao, la ket qua eua boat ddng vat chdt lich su xa hdi ngirdi Ddi song tinh than cua xa hdi phan anh dieu kien sinh sdng vat ehat cua xa hgi, tac dgng tra lai ddi sdng xa hgi va ho^t ddng diuc hln eua eon ngudi Chu nghia^duy v^t bien chiing khdng quy tinh thiin vao mdt tdng gian don nhimg cam giae; eung bae bd quan niem eoi tinh tiian la mgt tiiue tiiS tiiuin tiiy doc lap vdi vSt ehat va vdi eon ngudi Bdi vi, ndi den tinh tiian la ndi d^n boat dgng cd y tiiiic eua ngudi, la su phan anh hien tiiuc khaeh quan vao hong dau de eon ngudi; dd khdng phai la sir phan anh thu dgng, chep gian don ve hien tiiuc khach quan, ma la su phan anh tich cue, nang ddng va sang tao Quan di^m vat bien chiing ve tiitii th§n la ea sd khoa hgc cho viee tun hieu ddi sdng tinh than eua ngudi va xa bdi Tinh khoa bge h-ong ngi dung khai niem tmh than ciia chu nghia vat bien chiing xuat phat tu viec giai quyet van de CO ban eiia triet hgc Ygu td quan trgng eiia khai niem khdng chi diing lai d viee khSng dinh tinh than la eai phu thude vao vat ehat, la eai thii hai, ma quan trgng ban, tinh than la su phan anh mang tinh tich cue, nang ddng va sang t^o eua bd de eon ngudi ve hien thuc khach quan Tren thue tien, cd nhieu each hieu khaeh ve khai niem ddi sdng tinh than De nam rd ngi ham eiia khai niem ban, ta can lam ro mdi tucmg quan giira ddi sdng tinh thSn vdi y thiic xa hdi va van hda tinh than Y thuc xd hgi la dau hieu quan trgng de xae dinh ndi dimg co ban ciia ddi sdng tmh than xa bdi Y tiiiic xa hgi la mgt bd phan tiiudc ddi sdng tinh than ciia xa bdi bao gdm eae tu tudng, quan didm eung nhimg tmh cam, tam trang, phong tuc, huy^n tiidng sinh tu tdn tai xa hdi va phan anh tdn tai xa hdi Tuy nhien, ddi sdng tinh tiian khdng chi phan anh ddi sdng vat chdt ciia xa hgi, ma edn bao gdm tdt ea nhftng boat dgng va quan be tinh t b k eiia chu the phan anh, tiic la nhiing hoat ddng tinh tMn va quan be tinh thdn eua ngudi va edng ddng ngudi mang tinh lich su - xa bdi Chinh vi vay, y tiiuc xa hgi cd ndi dung hep hon so vdi ddi sdng tinh thdn xa hgi Vdn hda tinh thdn eung la dau hieu dd xae dmh ngi dung eo ban cua ddi sdng tinh t h k Khoa hoc chinh trj - So 2/2019 > Nghien ciiu -Trao ddi xa hoi Cd th6 hieu van hda tinh than la tdng thS cae gia hi tinh than ciia xa hdi, bik hien rd nhat la gia tn ehan - thien - my thong qua hoat ddng va quan he tirtii than, tir san xuat, su dung, tieu dung, eho den viec bao t6n, phat hien tinh than Nhu vay, van hda tinh thSn khdng chi bao gdm nhiing gia tri tinh thin, ma edn bao gdm ea nhiing hoat ddng va quan he tinh than cua eon ngudi Ca li luan va thuc tiln da chiing minh, ddi s5ng van hda tinh than cd mdi quan he vdi ddi s6ng tinh than, nhung ddi sdng tinh than va ddi s6ng van hda tinh than khdng ddng nhat vdi nhau, ma quan he giiia chiing la quan he giua qua trinh hoat dgng tinh than va chat lugng da dat tdi cua qua trinh dd Trong dd, de cap den khai niem ddi song tinh than la de cap den tat ca cae boph|in, qua trinh boat ddng ciia eac Imh vue tinh tii§n, khai niem ddi sdng van hda tinh than la •6i dSn mat chat lugng eua ddi sdng tinh thdn ITnh vue khae nhau'"', tiiudng xuyen tae ddng Idn nhau, hian theo nhiing quy luat van ddng va phat trien rieng Ddi sdng tinh tiidn bao hum toan bg hien thuc tinh thdn eua xa hdi, tir y thiic ea nhan den y thiic tap doan, giai edp, dan tgc Nd viia phan anh mat boat dgng tmh thdn cua ngudi, vira phan anh ket qua boat ddng dd Nd vua ndi len dugc mat sdng dgng ciia ca qua trinh san xudt, hao ddi, luu giii, tieu dung cae san phdm tinh tiidn, vua ndi len dugc cae tiiiet che xa hdi dh van hanh cae qua hmh, eac linh vue ciia ddi sdng tinh thdn Viec phan ehia ddi sdng tinh thdn tbanh cae linh vue khac cbi mang y nghia tuong ddi Tren thue te, cd nhftng yeu td vira thudc linh virc nay, viia thude ITnh vue khae Vdi ttnh each la mdt qua trinh van ddng va phat trien, ddi sdng tinh thdn duge bieu hien qua cae yeu td eo ban: nhu eau tinh than, san xuat tinh than, giao tiep va tieu dimg cae san pham tinh than Cae yeu td ludn tac dgng lan lam cho ddi sdng tinh than tdn tai, van ddng, phat trien Tir nhiing luan eii tren ed the khang dinh dai song tinh than xS hdi la mgt pham tni rgng, sinh ddng, phong phii va phiie tap Hoat dgng san no bao gdm y thiie xa hdi, van hda tinh than va xuat vat chat chiu sir chi phdi bdi muc dich, nham nhieu hoat ddng, quan he tinh thdn khae Y thiic thda man nhu eau vat ehat nhat dinh va nhd viec xa hgi va van hda tinh than cbi la mgt bd phan tieu dimg chiing ma viec san xuat tiep theo cd the cua doi song tinh thdn xa hdi Ddi sdng tmh tiidn dugc thuc bien, ddng thdi la dgng luc thiic day voi tu each la mdt chinh the toan ven, mgt he san xuat Trong dd, boat ddng san xuat tinh thong dang boat dgng, bao gdm nhieu linh vue than khdng phu thude mgt each nghiem ngat vao hop dugc bieu hien ddi sdng xa bdi viee tieu diing eac gia tri tinh tiian nd tao ra, Doi soi^ tinh ttian xa hgi "phan anh" ddi sdng ma san xudt tinhtiidnlai la nhan td quyet dinh chi v|t ch5t xa hoi, chiu su quy dinh, ehi phdi eua ddi phdi nhu cau tinh than va eac yeu td khac Cae yhu td khac cd vai trd tae dgng trd lai san xuat s6ng vat chat xa hgi Theo cae noi dung da luan giai d tren, cd tbh tinh than Xet vdi tinh each la mdt he thdng dang van nhSn dinh ddi sdng tinh thdn la mdt pham tni eiia chu nglua vat lich sii, duge xem xet ddng va bien ddi, thi ddi sdng tinh than xa hdi moi tuong quan vdi ddi sdng vat chat eua xa hdi dugc xem xet d eac ITnh vue: ddi sdng tu tudng, Boi song tinh thdn la toan bg nhirng boat ddng dao diie, Idi sdng, boat dgng khoa hge, giao due tab th5n cua ngudi bao gdm toan bd qua va dao tao, nghe thuat, tin ngudng, tdn giao, phuang phap tu giao tiap Mdi ITnh vue ciia ™h san xuat, phan phdi va tieu diing cae san phim tinhtii&i;la su phan anh ddi sdng vat chdt ddi sdng tinh tiidn cd tinh dac thii rieng, chiing va tac dong ddi vdi ddi sdng vat chdt; la tdng hda deu dap ting mgt dang nhu cdu tinh tiidn nao dd i^ hoat dong dao diic, l6i sdng, nghe tiiuat, giao eiia ddi sdng xa hdi va bao gdm ca hoat dgng sang tao, hao ddi, tieu dimg eac gia tri tinh than aiic va dao tao, tin ngudng, tdn giao ciia xa hgi Cae ITnh vue dy lien quan chat che, ludn tac ddng ,Ciing nhu ddi sdng vat chdt, ddi sdng tinh •hSn la mgt chinh till tiidng nhdt bao gdm nhieu va dan xen vao nhau, nam mdt chinh the Khoajipc chinh tri - So 2/2019 58 thdng nhat, dd lirib vue ddi song tu tudng giii vai trd ehu dao chi phdi, quy dinh tinh chat, ndi dung, phuong hudng phat trien cua ddi sdng tinh than Xuyen sudt cae qua trinh hmh va phat trien, ddi sdng tinh thdn cua viing Ddng bang Sdng Cuu Long ndi len nhimg dac ^em ca bdn, ddng luuy Cu the: Thif nhdt, ddi sdng tinh thdn a vimg Ddng bang Sdng Cicu Long gan liin v&i vdn hda ndng nghiep lua nuoc Ddng bdng Sdng Cuu Long nam tren luu vue sdng Me Kong, ddng thdi la cai ndi cua nen van hda lua nude, van minh ndng nghiep dien binh d Viet Nam, dugc hinh tbanh tu qua trinh liii ddn ciia bien keo dai bang ngan nam Toan bd vung ddng bang la san pham bdi lang phii sa rat lau ddi eiia sdng Cuu Lx)ng Khi hau mang tinh ehat nbiet ddi gid miia Thdi tiet cd hai miia mua va miia nang rd ret, tu thang lai la miia lu ve de bdi tu phii sa cho toan viing Do dugc bao bge bdi hai sdng la sdng Tien va sdng Hau vdi be thong kenh day dac, Ddng bang Sdng Cuu Long eiing duge xem la nai bdi tu cua Ddng Nam A thdi tien sii, mdt bg phan cai chung eua van hda Viet Nam va van hda Ddng Nam A Net cbung ndi trdi dang luu y nhat van la tren cai nen ehung - nen van minh thdn da va van hda lang, tung lam cho toan eanh eiia van hda Viet Nam va Ddng Nam A van la "van boa, van minh trdng lua nude" CJ day yeu td ddng bang chiem vai trd chu dao, ddng thdi eiong dugc bao bgc bdi sdng, bien Trudc cae cdng ddng cu dan Kinh, Hoa, Cham cd mat d day, thi Ddng bang Sdng COai Long xua da hinh nen van hda ndng nghiep lua nude, chan nudi, trdng trgt Tuy nhien, vi nhieu li khac nhau, nd bi vui long dat mdt thdi gian dai, trai qua nhieu bien cd cua nhihig cugc chien tranh, eho den the ki XVI XVII, cu dan d mien Bac, mien Trung tien vao khai hoang Ho da mang theo nhung tinh each va loi sdng cua cu dan ndng nghiep liia nude cd tmyen, kinh nghiem khai hoang lap ap, lam Ilia nude nhu mdt cdt each tam bdn, y ehi va nghi luc quydt tam khai pha vimg dat mdi in ciiu - Trao ddi • Nghie dh sinh tdn va trude cae digu kien ciia tu nhien Thichai, doisdngtinhthdn&vungDdngbang Sdng Cuu Longgdn liin v&i su giao thoa van hoa gii^a cdc ddn tdc tmng viing Ndi den Ddng biing Sdng Cuu Long la noi den van hda cua eae dan tdc cimg cgng^cu hen mgt viing ddt gdm bdn tgc ngudi: Viet, Hoa, Khmer, Cham Trong dd, giao luu, giao tiioa va hda nhap van hda la ySu td dae cua van hda viing mien, eiing la dac tnjng ddi sdng tinh thdn ciia cu dan Ddng bdng Sdng Cuu Long Ddng bSng Sdng Cuu Long cd khdng gian van hda md, tilp tiiu nhiing ludng van hda khac tu An Do, Trung Qude va van hda phuong Tay Trong qua trinh lao ddng chmh phue thien nbidn, eiing nhu dau tranh chdng lai ap biic, bdc lot cua eac giai cap phong kien, sau la thue dan, de qudc thdng tri, eae edng ddng dan tdc d Ddng bdng Sdng Ciiu Long da doan ket va boa hgp cimg Day chinh la co sd de mdi tge ngudi tdn tai va phat trien, ddng thdi dien qua trinh giao luu van hda mgt each tu nguyen va sau sac nhat Su giao thoa, giao luu dd the hien qua nhieu phuong dien ea ve vat ehat: nha d, trang phue, am thuc, cdng cu, phuong thiic san xuat ; va tinh than: ddi sdng tin nguong, tdn giao, ngdn ngii, phong tuc tap quan, cae boat dgng le hdi, giao due, nghe thuat Xet ve phuang dien su giao luu lien quan den ddi sdng van hda tinh than giiia cae cdng ddng cu dan d Ddng bdng Sdng Ciiu Long dugc bieu hien cu the d eac khia eanh: - v e ddi sdng tdn giao, tin nguong Ca ba dan tde Kinh, Hoa, Khmer ddu thd Phat, nhung ed khae vh mat tdng phai Trong chuygn dieu tra di^n da ve xa Phong Phii, huyen Cau Ke, tinh Tra Vinh, tac gia dugc ba eon cho biat: hong cae le Idn cua ddng bao dhu cd ngudi Hoa, ngudi Viet tham gia Dae biet hong le "Bon Banh Chds Say Ma" (Le Kdt Gidi), la mgt le Idn duge td chuc rat quy md, trgng the, nghiem hang ngdi Chanh Dien cua chiia duge xay cat hoan chmh Ngoai cae tin dd Phat tu la ngudi Khmer, cdn cd ea ngudi Hoa, ngudi Kinh tiiam gia du le vdi long tiianh kinh hudng vh Diie Phat Khoa hpc chinh tri - So 2/2019 'I^ghienciiu - Trao ddi Trong tin ngudng, ngudi Kinh, ngudi Hoa cung CO nai thd Neakta cua ngudi Khmer, bay ngudi Khmer va ngudi Viet, deu ed diic tin ddi v6i Quan Cdng, Ba Thien Hau ciia ngudi Hoa CI cae vimg dan cu hdn hgp ciia Ddng bang Sdng Citu Long, hien hrgng cae ca sd tdn giao cua cae dan toe khac eimg xay dung ban hong cimg mgt dia phuong, mdt tiii tran hay lang xdm di&irakhaphd bien Mieu Ba Thian Hau, mieu Ong B6n va cae mieu, chiia thd Phat duge xay dimg xen ke nhau, tham chi cdn cd ca nha thd HiienChiia giao 59 hay Viet - Hoa tiii nhung la tet ciia ca hai dan tde la dieu khdng the thieu ddi sdng cdng ddng cung nhu hong ddi sdng gia dmh Hdi dua ghe ngo hay dua bd cua ddng bao Khmer eiing thu hiit ddng dao ba ngudi Viet, ngudi Hoa tham gia cd vu - Va ngdn ngu O Ddng bang Sdng Ciiu Long ngoai tiang Viet, edn cd tieng Khmer eiia dong bao Khmer va tieng Cham eiia ddng bao Cham Trong qua hinh eiing edng eu sinh sdng tren vimg ddt da dien su giao luu, vay muon ngdn ngu Sir giao luu va mat tin ngudng d eac tdc ngudi giiia cae dan tgc Phan Idn eac cdng ddng cu dan ciia D6ng bang Sdng Cuu Long eiing lam tang ddu biet ndi tieng Viet va ngugc lai, nhieu ngudi tfiem siic manh tinh than eho ngudi dan qua Viet, ngudi Hoa qua trinh ehung sdng ciing ttinh tiep xiic, chung sdng va chinh phuc nhiing thao tieng Khmer Ben canh dd, da bao vimg ddt moi Trong hoan canh mdi cua dat nude, luu, gin giir ngdn ngu cua dan tgc hg eiing khdng quen tieng dja phucmg dugc su dung sinh nhiing hoat dgng giao luu dd van dien mgt each het sue cdi md va ed phan nhdn nhip hon boat hang Su vay mugn dien da gdp Vi du, nhiing le hdi lien quan den tin ngudng ciia phan tao nen su phong pbii, da dang hong ngdn cae tgc ngudi the hien su giao luu, gan gSi ngu, tieng ndi eiia eae cu dan vimg vln dirge to chiic, nhu La hdi ba Chiia Xii, le bdi Thic ba, d&i sdng tinh thdn ctia viing Ddng tha ca voi cua ngudi Viet va ngudi Cham, Le hdi bdng Sdng Cicu Long the hien tinh thdn, loi sdng Ba Thien Hau cua ngudi Viet - Hoa, Le hgi Ba tu do, phdng khoang Den a ngudi Viet - Khmer Ddng bang Sdng Ciru Long la noi hdi tu cua nhieu ddng ngudi tu eac viing mien tren lanh thd - Ve phong tuc tap quan Trong mai tang: Ngudi Viet, ngudi Hoa vdn Viet Nam vdn da ed tmyen thdng lau ddi, tinh cotiq) tuc thd tang, ngudi Khmer ed tap tuc hda each va tam li riang Tuy nhien, qua trinh tang va giii tro cdt eae ehiia Khmer Hien phat tridn ve phuong Nam hong dau hanh va eai nay, \ap tuc hda tang va giii tro cdt hong chua tao tiiien nhien, chdng giac ngoai xam bao ve chii dien kha phd bian d cdng ddng ngudi Hoa va quyan dan tdc, md mang bd cdi xay dirng cugc ngirai Viet Khi hong nha ed ngudi chet, ngudi sdng, nhiing eon ngudi dy da cd sg chuyen doi vh Vi?tva ngudi Hoa citng mdi dng luc Khmer bay mat tinh each, tam li, tmh cam, Idi song, phong tuc tap quan Chinh qua hinh cdng cu cimg vdi su sai chua dan tung kinh cdu sieu Trong cudi xin: theo phong tue cd truyen cua diau kien tu nhian va quan hf xa hgi nai day da hinh nan tinh each, Idi song bet sue dae tbii nguoi Khmer von rat eau ki, hai qua nhieu giai Qoan, ton nhiau thdi gian, edng siie va tien bac ciia cu dan vimg Nam bg Nhftng d^c thii nay Tuy nhien, qua trinh edng eu gan gui vdi sinh qua trinh di cu va sinh sdng Ddng bang Sdng Cuu Long la viing dat ttii ^5ng bao Kmh, Hoa, le eudi ciia ngudi KJmier ni?n dugc nit ngdn hon nhidu, dii van gift phu, mau mo, sdng suoi, kanh rach day ea, tdm, cua, eay trai bdn mua sum sue phong phu va da lai nhung phong tuc tiiiyan thdng Dieu dtie bi6t la cae djp le tet ed truyen dang dii loai Khi hau de chiu, mua thuan gid ciJa cae dan tgc, nhu Tet Nguyan Dan eiia ngudi hda chi cdn cd siic ngudi cd tiia m^c sue ma khai ™t, ngudi Hoa, ngudi Khmer eiing an tet khdn Khdng nhung manh mdng, ddng bang Nam I^t la cae gia dinh hdn hgp Viet - Khmer bd cdn la mgt vung ddt phi nhieu vdi tai nguyen Kho^c chinh tri - So 2/2019 • Nghien ciiu -Trao ddi vd cimg phong phii Thien nhien noi day da uu dai cho ngudi rat nhieu Sir uu dai eua thian nhien da tao tinh each phdng khoang, rgng rai cua eu dan vimg Ddng bang Sdng Ciiu Long Tinh each dd ciia cu dan Nam bd, dac biet la eu dan vimg sdng nude Ciiu Long ciing dugc the bien sinh hoat cugc sdng hang Trong Gia Dinh thdnh thdng ehi, Trinh Hoai Diic viet:"Gia Dinh thuc vat nhieu, khdng lo ddi ret, eho nen dan it chiia san, tuc dan xa hoa, ke sT dua tai gidi"*^' Ben canh dd, hg edn cd mgt diic tinh dang quy niia la rat men khach va hao phdng Day la tap quan, nep sdng da cd tir lau ddi cua ngudi ndng dan Nam bd Trinh Hoai Diic da cd nhiing ghi ehep ve dieu kha cu the: " Gia Dinh, khach dan thi mdi an trdu trudc, thiet nude che rdi den an cam banh, cdt phai phong hau Khdng ke ngudi than hay so, la hay quen, tung rich thd nao, da dan tdt phai tiap nhan thiat dai Cho nen ngudi di choi phan nhieu khdng mang luong thue, ma ngudi lau sd, ngudi trdn tranh kha nhieu vi cd chd nudi khach"'^l Dieu da hd tbanh fruyen thdng, bat ka da timg dat chan den day deu cam nhan mdt each rd ret ve Idi sdng va ngudi noi day Hieu khaeh la mgt hong nhiing net ca tinh ddc dao cua ngudi mien Nam Khdng chi hiau khaeh, vi tha, ma ddn bau eung la net dae tiamg ciia ngudi Nam bd, dugc the hien qua Idi sinh boat bang Dd eiing la eoi ngudn su hdi nhap giao luu giua edng ddng cae dan tdc Chinh vi vay, tinh each cua ngudi dan nai day tha hien su bao dung, bdc true, tiiang than, than tmh, mdc mac, ghet ninh ngt, khdng tiileh rao trudc ddn sau, khdng thich nhiing Idi rong, khudn phep Cae van de dat do! vdi viec xay dung doi song tmh than d vung Dong bang Sdng Ciiii Long Ddi sdng tinh tiidn d Ddng bdng Sdng Cuu Long, mdt mat da tao nen nhiing dac trung tinh each cao dep, mat khac ciing bdc Id nhiing tiau cue, nhugc diam Dd la hg hao phdng qua miic smh lang phi; chua coi trgng viec hgc hanh, v\ vay, khu vue Tay Nam bd van la viing cd trinh dan tii tiidp so vdi cae vung khac hong ca nude Ban canh dd, ngudi dan nai day tiiat tiia, chdt phac ndn nhe da, ca tin dl sa vao me tm di doan, bi Igi dung va kich ddng Hien nay, ca nude dang budc vao nen kinh ta thj trudng dinh hudng xa hgi chii nghia, yau cdu cdn cd nguon nhan luc chdt lugng cao da thich ling vdi su tac ddng ciia each m^ng cdng nghiep 4.0 la tdt yau, thi d Dong bang Sdng Ciiu Long ri le ngudi khdng cd v'xec lam edn eao, so ngudi ngheo cdn ddng, nhat la d viing nong thdn, viing sau, viing xa Diau da tae ddng va anh hudng Idn den su phat trien ben viing ciia Vung, viec nhan thiic va ehi duge cae van da cdn tdn tai, dang dat ddi vdi viec xay dung ddi sdng rinh than d Ddng bang Sdng Cim Long la viec mang lam mang tinh eap thiet, ed y nghTa ca ve li luan va thuc tiln sau sac Nhiing van de ma vung Ddng bang Sdng CCm Long dang gap phai va can thao go de xay dung ddi sdng tinh than giai doan sap tdi, cabin tap trung vao cdc ngi dung sau: Mgt Id, doi sdng tinh thdn cua viing Ddng bdng Sdng Cicu Long biin doi hi chuan muc tru&c tdc ddng ciia nin kinh te thi tru&ng dinh huang xa hgi chii nghia Kinh te thi trudng va toan cau hda la nhftng xu the khach quan, tdt yeu ddi vdi su phat trien eua Ddng bang Sdng Cuu Long, dd cd ddi sdng tinh tiian eua Vung Xu budng chay tiieo cae Igi ich vat chat, bd qua bay coi nhe eac nhu cau va Igi ich tmh than da diin mdt bg phan xa hdi, dac biet the be tre Bae thang eac gia hi xa hdi dang ed chieu hudng bidn ddng, didu tac ddng tnic tiep dhn su xudng edp vh dao due va Idi sdng; ddng thdi, la nguy co xdi mdn nhung gia tri van hda huygn tiidng tdt dep eua eac tiie he di trudc CJ Ddng bdng Sdng Ciiu Long, nhftng gia hi van hda tmyen tiidng tren linh vue tinhtiidnhxang nhftng nam qua ludn duge chu bao ton va phat buy Dao due, loi sdng, phong tue tap quan, le hdi, tm ngudng ton giao la nhung gia tii tinh tiian vo gia ddi vdi cu dan vung Ddng bdng Sdng Khoa hoc chinh tn - So 2/2019 '{Nghien ciiu - Trao ddi Ciiu Long Ngoai vi?c dap iing nhu cdu van hda linh thSn va tam linh cua xS hdi, ddi sdng tinh than gop phdn to Idn viec giao due huydn thong, gift gin ban s5c van hda truydn thdng dan t^ D6ng Ihdi, lam cho ngudi cdi md va tin tudng vao tuong lai Tuy nhi8n, didu dang quan lam va biic xiic niidt hong xa hdi bian la tac dgng mat trai ciia nSn kinh te thi trudng nhieu gia tii lien quan den ddi sdng tinh tiian dang cd nguy eo bi, bao mdn Su tdn tai dan xen giua cai iniii vi cai cii, cai xdu, cii lac hau lan sau vao cae quan h? giiia ngudi vdi eon ngudi Bieu hidn r5 net la da cd nhihig bien ddi va bien dgng be chuan d^io due dang diin cang phiie t^, dan xen nhihig nhan td tich cue va tidu cue, xu hudng tieu cue ed liie ndi lan manh, tr& thtoh ndi lo ciia toan xa hdi ndi ehung va eua Vung noirieng.Su bien ddi va bien ddng dd diin rattrentdt ca cae khia eanh ddi sdng, tu dao Sk wa loi song, tii lao ddng, cdng tac den giao tiep va ling xii xa hgi, tu gia dinh, nha trudng ddn dc CO quan Dang luu y nhat la da xuat bien ^ l^ch ehuan ve dao diic, Idi sdng hong mdt bd phiin khong nhd eiia xa hdi, nhu: nhiau t^e ngudi khac cd nhiing tin ngudng rieng gdn lien vdi ddi sdng kinh te va tam Imh cua mmh Tm ngudng (du la tin ngudng dan gian) de din toi me tin di doan, nhdn manh qua miie yeu td sieu nhien, huyln bi, dat nhung nghi le qua phien phiic lam rdi loan cugc sdng bmh thudng Viec tiid eung td tien, eac vi anh cd cdng dung nude, eiiu nude se khdng cdn la nhiing nhan td van hda tdt dep, gdn cho nd nhiing dieu huyen bi vdi nhftng nghi tiiuc ciing ll luih dmh, nhung thii ti^c phien ha, phiic t^p mang nhung yau td ma thuat, phii tiiiiy Vi vay, ranh gidi giiia tin ngudng vdi me tm di doan rdt mong manh Nhiing hien tugng dang hd tiianh vdn de nhuc nhdi cho gia dinh va xa hdi, pha hoai thuan phong my tue, anh hudng xau dan ddi sdng tinh than, vat ehat cua nhan dan va hon the, lam xdi mdn eac gia tri dao diic tmyan thdng, loi sdng gian di, ehan ehat ciia ngudi ngudi dan hong viing Ddng bang Sdng Ciiu Long Ba la, d&i song tinh thdn ciia vimg Ddng bdng Sdng Cuu Long chiu tde dgng bai ehinh dieu kien song cita eu ddn vimg Thue tian eho thay, mac du la vimg san xuat + Xuat hien loi sdng ieh ki, tuyet ddi hda ndng san hang hda Idn nhdt Viet Nam, nhung thdi M ich ca nhan, coi nhe Igi ieh edng dong, ben gian qua, vung Ddng bang Sdng Ciiu Long vln canh x3 hgi m ^ g tmh cdng ddng, de cao tinh chua dugc ddu hr phat trian mgt each tuong xiing Cae chi tiau y te, giao due, phat trien ket cau c^ng dong + D§ va dang ^ n tai Idi sdng vd cam, thd o tdng cua Vimg ddu tiidp nhdt so vdi toan qudc, voi nhfing khd khan va khd dau cua ngudi khac, neu tinh hmh tiep tue keo dai se cd nhiing ben qinh mgt xa hgi coi trgng tmh nghia nhan anh budng vd cung bdt Igi tdi viec nang cao chat lugng sdng eua cu dan hong Vimg va cong tac +Ton tai Idi song tdn thd ddng tian, chay theo xay dung ddi sdng tinh than ciia Ddng bang Sdng cae gia tri v§t chdt, bd qua phdm gia va nhan each Cuu Long hong bdi eanh hgi nbap.^ Bdn Id nhiing thdch thuc xudt phdt tic ngi «nii^,ben canh xS hgi da eao eae gia hi tinh tgi cua su phdt triin vitng Ddng bdng Song ™, ddi s6ngtinhthdn CuTA Long + Xuat hien cae hanh vi va biau hien leeh Mgt hong nhiing thach thdc Idn, ed su tac chuan da ^ "nay mdm" cho eac te nan xa hdi, dgng va anh hudng din ddi sdng tinh thdn ciia gay tac dOng xdu den mgi quan he xa hdi nai la, dai song tinh thdn & vimg Ddng bdng Ddng bdng Sdng Cim Long hong bdi canh '^"gCuu Long mdt dan net rieng vdn cd liin hien la: thach thirc tii eac boat ddng phat trien kinh ta - xa hdi d phia thugng ngudn sdng ^mMn hogt dgng tin nguong Song bdng Sdng Ciiu Long la vimg da tdn Ma Kdng, phat hien kinh te - xa hdi ndi tai eua Virng; nhiing thaeh thirc tac ddng cua W tin ngudng, ngudi dan hong vimg cd truydn "™8 sinh hoat, ho?t dgng tm nguong tu lau ddi bian doi hau va nude bian dang dan dan Khoa,Jl£cchfnhtri-S6 2/2019 • Nghien ciiu - Trao doi su thay ddi ddng chay d eae luu vue sdng, suy giam lugng pbu sa, sat Id bd sdng, sut liin dat khai thac nude ngam qua miic, su gia tang xam nhap man, ban ban , Ben canh dd la nhung bat cap, ban che quy hoach phat trien Vimg cung nhu sir Idng leo thuc hien quy hoach phat trien vimg Do thieu su phdi hgp, hen ket chat che giua eae dia phuong ciing nhu tinh "cue bg" phat trian, ddn den tinh trang quy hoach tdng tha Vimg khdng dugc bao dam; dau tu dan trai, su chdng cheo, canh tranh ea eau phat trian nganh nghe ciia mdi dia phuang lam cho ngudn luc bi phan tan, tidm nang eua ea vimg khdng dugc phat huy Tdt ea nhung dieu deu la "diem nghen" can duge nhan dien mdt each thau dao va ed nhiing giai phap mang tinh kha thi da cdng tac xay dung ddi sdng tinh than d Ddng bang Sdng Ciiu Long giai doan hien cd budc phat trien ve chat Mgt so giai phap ctf ban hirdng den xay dyng ddi song tinh than vung Dong bdng Song Cmi Long giai doan hien Thir nhdt, day manh tuyen truyen, van dgng, td ehiic cae loai hinh hoat ddng, sinh boat van hda cdng ddng phii hgp vdi xu the mdi nhung khdng mat di nhiing gia tri thudc ve ddi sdng tinh thin cua Vung Ddng tiidi, tiidng qua eac boat dgng van hda tmyan thdng, da xay dung eon ngudi vimg Ddng bang Sdng Cim Long budng dan eac gia tii chan - thien - my, phat tiian toan dien vdi cae diic tinh cua dan tdc va nhiing chudn muc riang cua ngudi Nam bd thdng qua eac loai hmh boat dgng van hda, nghe thuat hong he thdng trung tam van hda tu tinh dan co sd Thic hai, can khac phue nhftng thuc trang Q-ong hien tai,tiingbudc cung co, xay dung chien luge phat tiien nguditi:anco sd xay dung loi song van hda mdi hong qua tiinh cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda, dudi su tae ddng, anh hudng ciia cugc each mang cdng nghiep 4.0 Chii ti-gng viee xay dung ddi sdng tinh tiidn cho ngudi dan, coi day la cdng viec va trach nhiem ciia toan xa hdi, cae cap, cae nganh, eac co quan dan vi, eac gia dinh deu phai ed y tbiic xay dung ddi sdng tinh than , • i, Thic ba, vua xay dung va phat frien kmh te, vua xay dung va phat hian ddi song tinh than eua nhan dan vung Ddng bdng Sdng Ciiu Long theo hudng tiiudng xuyen, lien tiae, lau dai, nhdm hi eai tdt, cai tien bd, loai bd dan cai xau, eai tieu cue Thic tu, xay dung mdi trudng van hda lanh manh nhdm nang cao tinh van hda hong mgi boat dgng kmh te, cbinh hi, xa hgi va sinh hoat ciia nhan dan, lam eho van hda tiidm sau vao ddi sdng va hoat ddng xa hdi eua vimg Ddng bang Sdng Ciiu Long Thic nam cimg viec td chiie cae hoat dgng smh boat vui choi giai tri lanh mtuih, khdi phue cae la hdi dan gian Cdn chii trgng ketiiirava phat huy truyen thdng van hda cua cae dan tdc hong Vimg, su da dang, phong phii cua van hda tdc ngudi Phat trian van hda vimg Ddng bang Sdng Ciru Long gan lien vdi giao luu van hda qude gia, , qude te, tiap thu nhiing tinh hoa van hda cua cae vimg nude va van hda nhan loai de lam dep thdm cho van hda Vimg^ '" Theo Tong cue Dan so, http://!^"*^ gop^ I gov.vn/home;jsessionid=A6040AE21245AC- i 69352B630E805C08B3?p_p_id=47 "' C.Mac va Ph.Angghen, Todn lap, tap 1, Nha xudt ban Chinh tii Qu6c gia Ha Noi 1995, tr.35 "* VI Lenin, Todn tap tap 19, Nha xu§t ban T\ka bg, Matxccrva, 1980, tr.28 "'Tran Mai IToc, Nguyin Trung Dung, Doan Thi H6ng Minh (2018), Nhimg dac diSm ea bdn vd cde vdn S dgt viec xdy dmg d&i sdng tinh thdn tai viing Dong bdng Song Cuu Long Hgi thao khoa hoc Qu6c te Conferencen proceedings The International Conferencen on "Human philosophy of people in the Southern region, Vietnam" ISBN: 978-604-965-094-9 Nha xuat ban Dai hgc Cdn Tho, 2018 Nghien ciiu -Trao ddi xa hoi Cd th6 hieu van hda tinh