Phat trien thj triTofng sufc lao dong of pho'Ha Noi: Thu'C trang va giai phap BQI THANH TUNG' Tom tk Hd Ngi Id trung tdm chinh tri, kinh leva vdn hod cda cd nudc Trong nhiing ndm qua, Thdnh phddd thu hut dugc nhiiu nhd ddu tu vd ngodi nUdc tham gia vdo phdt trien kinh te, tgo nhitng budc chuyen biin quan trgng tren nhieu linh vUc, cd phdt trien thi trudng sdc lao dgng, Tuy nhien, phdt trien thi trudng sdc lao dong d thdnh phd Hd Noi cdn nhieu hgn che, doi hoi nhiing giaiphap cdi thiin thdi gian tdi Tff khoa: thi trudng sdc lao dgng, phdt trien, thdnh phd Hd Ndi Summary Hanoi is the political, economic and cultural cenler of the country Over the past years, Hanoi has attracted many domestic and foreign investors to participate in economic development, creating important changes in many fields including labor market development However, the development of the labor markel in Hanoi stays limited, which needs solutions to address in the coming time Keywords: labor market, development, Hanoi city GIOI THIEU THl/C TRANG PHAT TRtEN THI TRaONC SUC LAO DONG T H A N H PHO HA Phat trien, theo quan niem chung nhat la qua trinh van ddng tie'n len tff thap de'n eao, tff ddn gian de'n phtfc tap, ttt kem hoan thien de'n hoan thien hdn cua stf vat, hi6n ttfdng Theo dd, phat trien thi trtfdng sffc lao ddng d th&nh phd' Ha Ngi la qud trinh md rgng quy md, gia tang so' Itfdng, cha't Itfdng va hoan thien ve cd ca'u cac y6'u td' ca'u thi trtfdng siic lao dgng bang viec cae chii the d phd'Ha Ngi sff dung cac bi6nphap phii hdp nham tac ddng vao cac quan he kinh te giffa cae chii the tham gia vao thi trtfdng sffc lao ddng de dap ffng yeu cau phat trien kinh te - xa hdi cua Thanh Trong nhffng nam qua, td'c tang tnii^ng kinb tg' ciia Thanh phd tang lign tuc va dn dinh, so' Itfdng cac doanh nghiep tang nhanh, gdp phan giai quye't vigc lam, nang cao ddi sd'ng cho ngtfdi lao dong, giam ty le tha't nghiep Dieu lam cho quy md cau sffc lao dgng tang nhanh thdi gian vffa qua, gop phan phat tnen thi trtfdng sffc lao ddng d th^nhphoHa Noi N6| Nhdng diem mgnh Mdt Id, thi trUdng site lao dgng d thdnh phd Hd Ndi cd quy md ldn Ha Ngi la mgttrong nhffng phd'cd quy md life Iffdng lao dgng ldn nha't ca ntfdc (ehi sau phd' Ho Chi Minh) Theo so' ligu cua Tdng cue Thd'ng ke, Itfc Itfdng lao ddng tff 15 tudi trdlgncuaca ntfdc nam 2018 tfdc tinh la 55,7 trieu ngtfdi, tang 530,7 nghin ngtfdi so vdi nam 2017 Trong dd, life Itfdng lao ddng phd Ha Ndi la gan 3,8 trieu ngtfdi, chie'm khoang 7% tong sd' Itfc Itfdng lao ddng eua ca ntfdc Nhin chung, lu'c Itfdng lao ddng phd' Ha Ndi giai doan 2011 -2018 cd xu htfdng tang ve sd Itfdng, tff 3.572,9 nghin ngtfdi nam 2011, len 3.828,5 nghin ngtfdi nam 2018, trung binh mdi nam tang khoang 42,4 nghin ngtfdi Nhtf vSy, quy md lu'c Itfdng lao dgng cua Ha Ndi ra't Idn, day la ngudn cung ddi dao cho thi trtfdng sffc lao ddng Clia Thanh phd' Hai la, ty le tham gia luc lugng lao ddng iren tdng sd ddn dat miic lUOng dd'i cao Giai doan 2011-2018, bang nam cd khoang 70% dan sd' tff 15 tudi trd len ciia phd Ha Ndi tham gia Itfc Itfdng lao dgng Mac dii la mdt hai trung tam kinh te - xa hdi ldn nha't, nhtfng Ha Ndi (cung vdi "ThS., Khoa Chinh trj - Hanh chinh, Dai hoc Quoc gia TP, Ho Chi Minh ^Say nhan bdi: 20/12/2019; Ngdy phdn bten: 03/01/2020; Ngdy duyet ddng OS/01/2020 85 I: TY LE THAM GIA Lg'C LCfdNG LAO DOtiG COA THAriH PHO HA NOl GIAI DOAM TCf 2011 DEtS 2018 Dan VJ tinh: % Ca nirrtc HaN^i Nam Tgn£ s^ Nam Td'ns sd' Nir Nfl 2011 77.3 68.3 81.8 73,0 2012 1->.1 67.3 76.8 69.9 81.2 7'>.5 2013 74,7 67,4 77.5 82.1 70.9 73.^ 2014 73,9 66.4 77.7 70,0 82.5 73,3 2015 74,5 68.8 71,5 77.8 72,9 83.0 73,1 2016 66,9 69.9 77.3 7^.5 82.4 71.C 64,0 2017 67.3 76.9 72.0 82.1 70,2 64.1 2018 67.0 71.4 76.6 82.0 Ha Ndi trd mpt tfong f^'^^J^i phtfdng ed thu nhap binh quan dau h cao nha't ca ntfdc Ton tai, hgn che u nhd Hd (i) Quy ^ luo mng cua, ^^"Jl" Noi kkonggn dmh thuang men tmy Ha Noi la trung tam ""f'XlSwn? d khu vtrc phia BSc n6n thu hut so M^ng Mn lao dong tif cac tinh vc Thu do^ Hang „.m, cung lao d n g d e » J - W n so vdl nhu cau sK dung lao api g chuye-n lao dpng co xu htrong gia tang, chu veu ITnh vifc nong ngh j p , nong * a n ga/ra nhSng Wen dfing thie^ BANG 2: THU NHAP BlIXH QUAN DAU NGCfdl/THANG COA HA NQI thtta lao ding mang tlnh c^c bo Ben GIAI DOAN 2011-2018 canh mot so-WOng ian lao dpn Dan vi nghin dong a'nong thon tranh thu thO._ gian nong 2018 Nam 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 nhan Thiinh ' > " ' / ' ? ' : , thm 6,968 Toiin phd' 3.852 4,778 5,507 603 703 6,533 6.637 ngSn han Do la chUa ke, phan ion so 794 Thanh thl 4,591 5,772 6.789 6,590 6712 7,633 7,480 sinh vien Iri/Sng hien deu thich_a 5.493 NODE thon 981 651 4.003 4216 508 970 5.147 lai Ha N6i lam vice, ke ca cac cong viec khong dung vdi chuyen mon ma hp dijpc phd Ho Chi Minh) cd ty le tham gia life Iffdng dao tao Ra't it sinh vien t6t nghiep chap lao ddng tha'p nha't ca ntfdc So lieu Bang cho tha'y, nhan ve que, dSn d6'n tinh trang dtr thtra nam gidi cd ty le tham gia Itfc Iffdng lao ddng cao hdn nguon cung lao dpng d Ha Npi Mat khac, thi tnrang siic lap dpng a so vdi nff gidi Mdt nhffng nguyen nhan ciia hien tffdng dffdc cho la vi nff gidi v l hifu sdm hdn (ludi Ha Noi phat triin khong dang deu giaa cac khu viJc thi vd hffu cua niJ la 55 tudi so vdi 60 tudi ciia nam) va sau ve hifu, nff gidi thtfdng khdng tie'p tuc tham gia vao phat trien manh han khu viTc nong thon hoat ddng kinh tg' Dang chu y, phd Ha Ngi ed ca cau dau nr va trinh dp to chlJc san mtfc chenh lech ve ty le tbam gia life Itfdng lao dgng xua't Mac du Ha Npi da tich ctfc tap them viec lam mdi hang nam nhirng su'c ep giai cua nam so vdi nfl tha'p hdn mtfc chung cua ca ntfdc Ba Id, ty li lao ddng qua ddo tgo ldng diu qua cdc ndm quye't viec lam do'i vdi Ha Ndi vin ra't ldn (ii) Quy mo cdu siic lao dong ye'u Hien nay, trinh cbuyen mon ky thuat ciia lao Thai gian qua, so Itrang doanh nghiep dgng d phd Ha Ndi ludn dtfdc quan tam hang dau tren dia ban Ha Npi co de dap ffng dffdc yeu cau dat cho sff phat trien kmh te' - xa hgi cua Thanh phd, dong thdi phat huy dtfde ldi tang nhanh, nhu'ng quy mo ciia h^u hg't the cua Ha Ngi la trung tam kinh tg', ehinh tri, van hda, cac doanh nghiep thupc khu vtfc ngpai xa hdi La ndi tap trung sd Itfdng cac trtfdng dai hgc, nha nirdc la vCra va nhp, tham chi sieu cao dang ldn nha't ca nffdc, nhffng nam qua Ha Ngi da nhp Ben canh dd nhieu dpanh nghiep CO nhieu de an ve dao tao nghe d nhieu trinh dd khac hoat dpng lmh virc dich vu - khu Do do, so Iffdng va chCt Iffdng chuyen mdn ky vtic khong can nhieu nguon lire lao dong thuat cua ngtfdi lao ddng cang dtfdc nang cao, so Cling nhir quy mo von Hon niTa, Itfdng lao ddng khdng cd trinh chuygn mdn ky thuat xu hirdng hien nay, cac doanh nghiep mdt giam xud'ng Sd lieu tff Tong cue Thd'ng ke u'ng dung khoa hpc cong nghe, dac cho tha'y, life Itfdng lao dgng da qua dao tao d biet la tie'n tnnh tiep can vdi Cach phd Ha Ndi tang ttf 30,2% nam 2010 len 39,4% nam mang Cong nghiSp 4.0, nen khong can nhieu de'n lire Wang lao dong Dieu 2015, 42,7% nam 2016 ya 46,7% nam 2018 cho tha'y, mac du so luong doanh nghiep Bdn Id, liin cdng, tiin lucmg vd thu nhgp cua ngUdi S Ha Npi tang nhanh, nhung quy mo cau lao dgng tuang doi on dinh vd iCtng budc dugc ndng cao silc lao dpng y4u, chira dap (fng dirac Tien cdng, lien Itfdng la nguon thu nhap chu ye'u ™.',, 3no nhanh chonp fn,, s ' ma ngtfdi lao ddng ra't quan tam nham bao dam cuoc mu'c tang nhanh chong cua ngupn cung sd'ng ebo ban than va^ gia dinh Trong nhffng nam qua, thi tnrang su'c lap done • (Hi) Ty li lao done cliua qua Mo tao thu nhap binh quan dau ngffdi cua Thanh phd mot tang cao, thu nhap binh quan dau ngtfdi eua Thanh pbd cdn chiSm ty le lon Mac tff 3,8 trigu ddng/ngtfdi/thang vao nam 2011, lang ldn ' _dil lao dpng ; -^ qua T"" dao "UU tao taoc CO xu ^ nam '"•"Tl nhirng nhirnj tv lg I 6,5 trieu ddng/ngtfdi/thang vao nam 2016 va hdn 6,9 hirdng tang qua cic dong khong co trinh r' chuyen mon ky trieu ddng/ngtfdi/thang vao nam 2018 (Bang 2), dffa 86 thuat vin chie'm ty le ldn Nam 2011, lao ddng chtfa qua dao tao eua Thanh phd chiem 69.3% Cae nam tie'p theo, ty le lao dgng chffa qua dao tao cd xu htfdng giam xud'ng, nhtfng de'n nam 2016 van chig'm 56,9% Nam 2018, ty 1$ lao ddng chtia qua dao tao la 56,7% Dieu cho thay, cha't Itfdng ngudn cung lao ddng ciia Thanh phd' vSn nhidu han che (Bieu d6) Hdn nfla, so' life Iffdng lao ddng da qua dao tao, thi ty le lao ddng dtfdc dao tao tlf trinh dai hgc trd 16n ehi chie'm khoang hdn 50%, lai la mdi qua day nghe va trung ca'p, cao dang Nhtf vay, lao dong trinh dp chuyen mon nghiep vu thdi gtan qua chtfa cd nhffng thay doi dang ke\ Lao dgng khdng cd chuyen mon vin chiem ty ie cao ca ve mat quy mo ian ty trgng Ty lao ddng dtfde d&o tao nghe tha'p hdn rat nhieu so vdi lao dgng cd trtnh dd cao dang, dai hgc Day la diem han che' ldn nha't phat trien thi tnfdng sffe lao dgng d phd Ha Npi thdi gian qua (iv) Tien cong, liin luang chua phdn dnh dling gid tri siic lao dgng Mac dil mtfc tien Itfdng cho ngtfdi lao dong phd' Ha Ndi eao hdn so vdi mat bang chung cua ca ntfdc, nhtfng chg'dS tiln Itfdng hien dang ap dung cho ngtfdi lao dgng khdng phan anh dung gia trj stfc lao dgng va khdng phu hdp vdi nhflng bien ddi ciia gia ca tren thi trtfdng Hdn nfla, mffc chenh Igeh giffa thu nhap ciia ngtfdi dan tbi vdi ngtfdi dan d nong thdn cdn kha ldn Theo sd lieu tff Tong cue Thd'ng ke, nam 2011, thu nhap cua ngffdi dan thi xa'p xi 4,6 trieu dong/ngffdi/thang, tbu nhap ciia ngtfdi dan d ndng thdn chi xa'p xi trieu dong/ngtfdi/thang Nam 2016, thu nhap binh quan cua ngffdi dan d tbi la 7,6 trieu ddng/ngtfdi/thang, ngtfdi dan d nong thon cd mffc thu nhap dat la 4,9 trieu dong/ngtfdi/thang Nam 2017, thu nhap binh quan cua ngtfdi dan d th; xa'p xi 7,5 trieu ddng/ngtfdi/thang, ngifffi dSn d ndng thdn mffc thu nhap chi 1^ 5,1 trigu ddng/ngffdi/thang Dieu l^m cho lao ddng d khu vtfc nong thdn dd ve thi, gay stfc ep ldn cho thi trtfdng siJc lao dgng cua Ha Ngi MOTSO'GIAI PHAP De phat trien thi trtfdng stfc lao ddng d phd Ha Ngi thdi gian tdi, tac gia de xua't mgt so giai phap, nhff sau: BlEa DO: c d C A a LAO DONG PHAtS CHIA THEO TRINH D p CHGYEM MON KY THOAT V A Q U A DAO TAO CtlA H A t i p l Dan \