Công tác kiểm sát hoạt động tư pháp trong giai đoạn cải cách tư pháp

CONG TAC KIEM SAT CONG TAC HIEM SAT BOAT iONG TV PHAP TRONG GIAI BOAN CAI CACH TV PHAP NGUYEN D^C HANH* Nhirng chu truffng, dinh hudrng cua Dang ta cff sd vifc xay dpng phdp lu^t, to chuc thuc thi phdp ludt doi vdi boat ddng tu phdp vd kiim sdt boat dpng ttr phdp nhdm tirng budc xay dung ccr chi bdo ddm, ndng cao hifu lu'c, hifu qud viec th chuc thuc hifn quyin Ipx: tu phdp vd kiem sodt quyen lu-c tu- phdp giai doan cdi each tu phdp hifn Tir khoa: Cong tdc kiem sdt; kiim sdt hogt dpng tuphdp; cdi cdch tuphdp Nhgn bdi: 01/4/2020; biin tap xong: 15/4/2020; duyet bdi: 04/5/2020 Cff sd Vy luan vd thyc tien cua vifc quy dinh chirc nang Idem sat boat ddng tu phdp cda ngdnh Kiem sdt nhan dan Ll Cos&lylu^n Tuy thugc vio tiing giai doan lich sii, dieu kifn hoin cinh cy the ma radi qudc gia tten the the gidi lua chgn cho minh mdt hmh thiic chinh the, each thirc to chirc quyen luc, bg may nha nudc va cic thiet che khie Ddi vdi Viet Nam, sau Cich mgng thing Tim (nam 1945) vl hiiih thiic chinh the vi bin chat Nha nudc da dugc ghi nhgnfrongHien phap nam 1946 la rapt nudc \^ft Nam Din chii Cdng hda, tit ca quyin lyc nha nudc thupc vl nhan dan, khdng phan biet ndi gidng, gai ttai, giiu 1, Xem: L6i n6i dau va Bieu thii 1, Hien phap niroc Vi|t Nam Dfin chii Cgng hoa (Quoc h$i th6ng qua 09/11/1946) ngheo, giai cap, tdn giio, viec thyc hien chinh quyen manh me vi sang sudt cua nhan din' Trii qua siu lan sua ddi Hiln phap, hinh thiic chinh the vi bin chat cua Nha nudc khdng cd gi thay doi va sy ghi nhin frong Hien phip duge hoan thif n hon ve raat ky thuit lap phip Trong lan sira ddi gin nhat, tai Dieu Hien phip nam 2013 quy dinh ve nguyen tic td chiic va hoat dpng cua bg may nhi nudc Cdng hda xa hdi chil nghta Viet Nam: "Quyen luc nhd nu&c Id thong nhdt, co suphan cong, phoi hap kiem sodt giira cdc ca quan nhd nu&c viec thuc hien cdc quyen lap phdp, hdnh phdp, tuphdp" Nguyen tie td chirc quyen luc nha nudc Viet Nam duac hinh thinh, la ket qui ciia Tien si, Pho Hieu tnr&ng Tnr&ng Bai hoc Kiem sat tia Noi Tap chi Son/2020 \_KIEM SAT 13 CdNG TAC KIEM SAT bdi llic chiing ta radi gianh dugc chinh quyin, chua cd thyc tien frong vifc td chiic vi thyc hifn quyen lyc nha nudc dl tdng kit, diic nit vi phit trien tri thiic cua nhin loai phii hpp vdi dilu kifn hoin cinh lich sir eu the ciia Vift Nam K I tir Hiln phap nam 1959, thiit chl Vifn Idlm sit (VKS) ludn dugc khing dinh la hf Ihdng ca quan dgc lap, thyc hifn hai chiie nang li thye hinh quyen cdng to vi kiem sat vifc thyc hifn quyin lyc nha nudc, duge td chiic tiieo nguyen tic tap tiring &6ng nhit dudi sy chl dgo ciia Vifn trudng \^fn kiem sit nhin din (VKSND) tdi cao Xuat phit tii Theo quy dinh ciia Hien phip nara quy dinh niy, Vifn trudng VKSND tdi eao 1946, chiic nang thyc hanh quyen cdng td Qudc hgi bau, mien nhifm, bai nhifm dugc giao cho co quan Cdng td thyc hifn theo dl nghi ciia Chii tich nude^ va eo quan Cdng td chua dugc td chiic Khic vdi nhieu qudc gia tten the gidi, tii mpt hf thdng co quan dpc lip ma gianh duge dpc lap din tpc den nay, dugc dat frong hf thong tda an Co quan Viet Nara chi cd rapt Dang nhat lanh Cdng td Iiic thye hifn hai ehiic ning dao nhan dan li Ding cgng sin Vift Nam Ii thyc hinh quyen edng td vi giim sit nen vifc kiem soit quyen lyc chinh tri, cic hogt dgng tu phip (chi dao dieu fra, quyen lyc nha nudc d Viet Nam ed rit tryc tiep dieu tta mpt sd logi tdi; quyet nhieu dieu kifn dac thii'' Trong giai dogn dmh vifc truy to; bupe tpi trude Tda; hien nay, thyc hien chiic nang kiim sit khang cao bin an quyet dinh ciia Tda in hogt ddng tu phip chinh la mgt dac thii, the va giim sit \ icc chip hinh phip luit ttong hien su uy quyin ciia Qudc hpi vl giim sit hogt dpng dieu tra, xet xii, giam giii, cii tgo vi thi hinh in; tham gia rapt sd quyen lyc nhi nudc hoat ddng tu logl vifc dan su quan frpng de bio vf lgi phip (quyin lyc hogt dgng tu phip ich ciia nha nudc va Igi ich cua xa hpi) rat ldn, tic dgng true tiip den quyin co bin Chirc nang nhifm vy niy ed nhieu diem ciia cdng dan, den sd phgn eiia ngudi, sy phit trien vi hoin thifn tiing budc ti^n CO sd due kit tii thyc tien cich mang Viet Nam Ve ly luin cd the thiy, ngi dung kiem soit quyen lyc giira cac co quan nha nudc ttong vifc thyc hifn cic quyen lip phip, hinh phip, tu phap lin diu tien dugc quy dinh ttong Hiln phip 2013 mpt each cy thi, nhim dim bio tinh thong nhit ciia quyen Iyc nha nudc thyc su thugc ve nhin din bdi kiem soit quyen Iyc tdt se khac phyc nhirng tieu cyc, hgn che vifc thyc hifn quyen Iyc nha nudc nhu Iam quyen, eye quyen khien quyen Iyc cd the bj tha hda tuong ddng vdi Vien edng td d eie nudc theo trusen thdng phip luit ehau Au luc dia, dien hinh li Phip- Sd di nhu vay la Gido Irinh Lugt Hien phdp Mp/ Nam Trucmg D^i hpc K i ^ sit Hfi Npi, Nxb Tu phip, 2019, tr.353 Xem: GS.TS Nguyen Minh Doan, Tuduy phdp ly xv kiem sodl quyen lyc chinh In quyin luc nhd nu&c: Thifc trgng va tiep ttfc doi mai - Ky yiu Hgi thio khoa hpc tiSp Xem: Tiing kei mgi so vdn de ly ludn va th^rc tien vc ti^ doi moi tu phip ly phyc vv sy n^i?p p h ^ trign dit cong tac cua Hai kiem sdt nhdn ddn qua 55 nam to chuc nuoc Vi?n han lam khoa hpc xa hpi Vi^t Nam, Hi Npi \-Q hogt (ipni:, N\b Chinh tri quoc gia, 2015 tr 1-2 09/8/2019, tr.46 T a p chi KIEM S A I CONG TAC KIEM SAT mgt ngi dung rit quan ttgng di dugc Hien Dieu 107 Hien phip nim 2013 quy dinh phip bio ve Do viy, cin phii dupc thuc VKSND cd chiic nang thyc hinh quyen thi ttong khudn khd phip Iuat, thara dupra cdng td va kiem sit hoat ddng tu phip tinh than nhan van cao ci cua ngudi cdng Tren eo sd quy dinh cua Hien phip, hai sin)^ Day ciing chinh li su the hifn nen chiie nang niy da dugc the che hda ttong ting tu tudng mi Chii tich Hd Chi Minh, Luit td chire VKSND, Bd lugt Td tung Dang, cich mang Vift Nam da lya chpn, hinh sy, Bd luit Td tung dan sy, Luit thi bdi ttong tic phim Nguyen tdc song trimg hinh tam giii, tgm giam, Luit thi hinh in ldnh dgo vd van dephdp che, VI Lenin di hinh sy chi ttd ngai ldn nhat ddi vdi vifc xiy De hieu dugc bin chat ciia kiem sat hogt dyng che dp phip tri chinh li su can thifp dgng tu phip thi can phii hieu duoc khii ciia dja phuang xuat phat tir ddng co tu lgi niem tu phip, nhiing ndi dung, die trung hogc cue bg dia phuang chii nghia, sy cua quyen tu phap va hogt ddng tu phap "song triing" lanh dao ttong llnh vyc phip Ve khdi niem tuphdp: Theo nghia Hin chl li mgt sai lim ve mat nguyen tic Theo - Vift thi tu phip li ttdng coi, bio vf phap V.I Lenin, phip che la phii thdng nhat vi luit Do viy, chung tdi ddng tinh vdi quan de dau ttanh ed hifu qui vdi chii nghTa eye diera cho ring tu phap dugc quan niem, bg dja phuong thi phai lap co quan hieu vdi nghTa phip ly chung nhat nhu la Vifn kiem sat ed quyen vi phin sy lira rapt mdt y tudng ve mpt nen cdng ly, ddi hdi vifc li: Bdo ddm cho phdp che duac hieu vifc giii quyet nhung ttanh chip xiy biit thong nhdt vd thong suot todn frong xa hdi phii diing phip luit, phu hgp nu&c cpng hoa, bdt ki nhirng dgc diim cuavdi le cdng bang, bio dira Idng tin cua dia phuang vd su can thiep cua nhd chirc nhan dan vi xa hpi, gdp phan tri trat trdch dia phuang^ ty phip luit, bao dim sy an toin phap ly Nhu viy, ed the thiy co sd ly luin ciia vifc hinh thinh thiet che VKS ttong Hien phip Vift Nara nhu hien la vifc tiep thu tri thiic nhan loai ttong vifc td chiic thyc hifn quyen lyc nha nude va van dyng sing tgo phii hgp vdi dieu kien, hoin cinh lich sii cy the ciia Vift Nam ttong xiy dyng vi phit trien dat nude Vdi tinh thin dd eho ci nhin, su dn dinh vi phit trien cua xa hdi 01/2020 Er.4 Xem: Tong ket mdi so vdn de ly ludn vd th\K lien ve cong tdc cua (i(.'n kiem sdt nhdn ddn qua 55 ndm to chiec \d hogi dpng Nxb Chinh tq qu6c gia, 2015, tr.l5 - Ci nudc ta, quyen lyc nha nudc thdng nhit nhung cd sy phin cdng va phdi hgp giira ba quyen lap phap, hinh phip va tu - Xet theo khia canh the che nhi nudc, d cic nudc thyc hien nguyen tae phin quyen frong td chiic bd may nha nudc, thi tu phap dugc hieu la motfrongba quyen (lap phap, hinh phip vi tij phip), ttong dd quyen tu phip dupc hieu ddng nghTa vdi quyen xet xir chi Tda in thyc hien Vi vay, d cic Tran Quoc Vupng, Ngdnh Kiem sdt da iich cue doi nudc ndi den co quan tu phap la ndi mdi phucmg phdp ldnh d