• KHOA HOC XA HOI • THLTC TIEN H A N H N G H E C U A L U A T SLT V A CHINH SACH PHAP LUAT THI H A N H AN HINH SI/ NGUYEN VAN HUYEN" Tom Tat: Thiic hi&n boat dong nghe nghiep trang vu an hinh sit cung vdi tham gia trang tung, luat sii t\I vaii, tra giup phap ly cho ngifdi hi kit an ThUc tiSn trien thai boat dong lu$t siT gap nhieu kbo kban phap luat ihi banh an nhieu bat cap Lai dung nbUng bSt't c$p ngifdi biketanlach luat, gay kbo kban cbo viec tochiic thihanb an De tao dieukien cho luat siigiai thick phap luat, giai dap mot each thoa dang yen cau cua ngiidi bi ket an, bai viet phan ticb nhOng ban ch§, bat cap cua pbap luM thi banh an; kien nghi boan thien phap luat va chinh sacb thi banb an hinb su; de xuat giai phap tang cUdng pboi bap giam sat gi^a Mat tran to quae Viet Nam (c6 tbanb vien la Lien doan LuM su' Viit Nam) vdi Vien kiem sat nban dan cac cap giup cbo boat dong tbi banb an dixac tbiJc tbi dung phap luat Tit khoa: Luat sii; chinh sacb pbap luat; thi banb in hinh su'; giam sat Abstract: Lawyers not only represent clients during the judicial process but also advise and provide legal support for convicts However, in practice lawyers encounter many difficulties due to limitations in criminal enforcement Convicts have taken advantage of these limitations to dodge the law In order to support lawyers in their job to explain the law and address needs of convicts, this article analyzed limitations in laws on criminal enforcement Suggestions were proposed to further improve laws and policies on criminal enforcement, including strengthening the role of Vietnam Fatherland Front (in which tbe Vietnam Bar Federation is a member) and People's Procuracies in supervising criminal enforcement Keywords: Lawyer; legal policy; criminal enforcement; supervision Ngaynb&n bai: 26/4/2019; Ngay s^a bai: 30/5/2019; Ngay duyet dang bai: 29/7/2019 ThUc tiln hanh nghe cua luat sit tU luat Thi hanh an hinh sU de tranh viec van, trd giup phap ly cho ngUOi hi ket an ngifdi hi ket an va nhijng ngUdi c6 hen thi hanh an hinh siJ ben canh nhiing quan Icfi dung quy dinh khong ro rang cua thuan Idi gap nhieu kho khan tnidc luat de tim each lach luat, gay kho khan nhutng cau hoi, th^c rni-C cua ngifcii bi ket cho viec to chijfc thi hanh an, dong thai giup an Lu^t s\X khong the c6 cau tra Icfi, giai cho cac lu&t sif thiic hien tii van phap thich thoa man yeu cau cua ho Nguyen luat, trd giiip phap ly c6 dieu kien giai dap nhan la phap lulit thi hanh an hinh sii thoa dang yeu cau ciia ngu6i bi ket an quy dinh chUa day du, chUa chat che hoac thieu De khac phuc nh^ng ton tai, bat cap cua phap luat can hoan thien phap Sd 8-2019 ''' PGS.TS Nguyen Pho Giam doc Hoc vien T\i phap; Nguyen Tong ThiJ ky Lien doan Luat sU Viet Nam NHAN LlTC KHOA HOC XA HOI THIJC TIEN HANH NGHE CUA LUAT SlT VA CHINH SACH Trong to chiic thi h a n h an, mot bien phap CO hieu qua can dudc ap dung la tang cUdng phoi hdp giam sat giOa Mat t r a n to quoc Viet nam v6i Vien kiem sat n h a n dan cac cap giup cho boat dong thi h a n h an diidc thilc thi dung quy dinh cua phap luat T h i h a n h a n h i n h s\i v a thiic t i e n h a n h n g h e c u a l u a t sif Theo qui dinh cua L u a t L u a t sU n a m 2006 (siia doi, bo sung n a m 2012), chlic nang xa hoi ciia lu&t sit la: 'Hoat dong nghe nghiep cua luat sU gop p h a n bao ve cong ly, cac quyen t u do, dan chu cua cong dan, quyen, Idi ich hdp p h a p cua ca nhan, cd quan, to chiic, p h a t trig'n kinh te - xa hoi, xay dUng Nha nu6c p h a p quyen Viet Nam xa hoi chu nghia, xa hoi dan chu, cong bang, van minh" Thiic hien chiic nang cua minh, h a n h nghe, luat sU t h a m gia to tung, t u v a n p h a p luat, dai dien ngoai to' t u n g cho khach h a n g va cac dich vu p h a p ly khac Bang cac hoat dong nghe nghiep, l u a t su bao ve quyen, Idi ich hop p h a p cua ca nhan, to chiic, gop p h a n bao ve cong ly, p h a p che xa hoi chu nghia, xay dUng Nha nu6c phap quyen, dong thcfi gop p h ^ n tbiic day sii p h a t trien kinh t§', xa hoi va hoi n h a p quoc te ciia dat nifdc Nhieu doan lu&t sU da to chlic cac dot tU van, trd giup p h a p ly, dac biet dip ky niem Ngay truyen thong L u a t sit Viet N a m (10/10 h a n g nam) da buy dong doi ngu lu^t sU tri§n k h a i boat dong trd giiip phap ly mien phi cho ngiidi dan, tit tao dung h i n h a n h luat sU phuc vu cong dfing, p h u n g sit cong ly Trong tbi h a n h an h i n b s\l, l u a t su thuc hien t u van p h a p luat, trd giiip p h a p ly cho ngucti bi ket an, gidi tbieu cac quy dinh CO b a n cua p h a p l u a t ve cac linh vUc Q NH&N LUD KHOA HOC XA Hdl h i n h sU, d a n sU, h o n n h a n - gia dinh, hoc n g h e - viec lam; giai d a p nhiJng v^n de ve dieu kien, t h u tuc giam an, xoa a n ticb, ve quyen va che cua p h a m n h a n , ve hon nhan, gia dinh, thiia ke, p h a n chia t a i san, quyen nuoi k h i ly hon, cac quy dinh ve viec vay von, hoc nghe, t a o viec l a m s a u kbi ch&'p h a n h xong h i n h p h a t tu Vi d u thilc hien trd giiip p h a p ly cho cac p h a m n b a n , mot p h a m n h a n d a n g chap h a n h b a n a n sau n a m t u t a i t r a i g i a m Xuan Nguyen ve toi chila m a i d a m hoi: "Neu Nha nucic xoa bo toi d a n h chiia m a i d a m , k i n h doanh m a i d a m trci t h a n h hdp p h a p thi toi c6 dudc m i e n chS^p h a n h b a n a n va dUdc phep k i n h d o a n h tiep h a y khong" Co ngitdi hoi "Toi da cildi vO v a c6 n h u n g khong d a n g ky ket hon Vd toi r a p h u d n g l a m k h a i s i n h cho toi Cong a n q u a n ly ho k h a u noi t6i p h a i m a n g ho cua me chti k h o n g m a n g ho toi Toi p h a i l a m gi de toi m a n g ho toi" Lo l&ng dS'n cong a n viec l a m k h i c h a p h a n h xong h i n h p h a t c6 p h a m n h a n hoi: "Khi toi chap h a n h xong h i n h p h a t , c6 p h a i chd xoa a n tich mdi di xin viec ditdc khong? toi p h a m toi co y gay thifdng tich, r a toa b a l^n nhiing toa k h o n g t u y e n diidc miic boi thitclng cho b e n bi hai Vay, dieu c6 a n h hUcJng gi tdi giam an, dac xa ciia toi khong?"'" V6i cac b a n k h o a n thSc mic cua p h a m n h a n , cac l u ^ t sit da triic ti§p giai dap giiip p h a m n h a n n a n g cao n h a n thiic, kien thiic p h a p l u a t va y thiic ton trong, chap h a n h p h a p l u a t Sau k h i ditdc trd giiip p b a p ly, p h a m n h a n N g u y l n Thi M (sinh n a m 1992), que ci H a Ngi, p h a m '" https://plo.vn/phap-luat/luat-su-vao-trai-giam-tu van-cho-pham-nhan-7 33569 html Sfla.2019 NGUYEN VAN HUYEN toi trpm cap tai san, bi ket an hai nam tii, chap hanh an tai trai giam Thanh Phong boc bach: "Trvldc day toi cii nghi chap hanh an phat tu xong thi se dUdng nhien dUdc cac cd quan chtic nang xoa an tich ma khong phai lam bli't cii thu tuc gi Nay ditdc tu van toi mdi biet ditdc cu the cac dieu kien, thu tuc ma minh phai thiic hien de difdc xoa an tich Xin chan cam dn cac luat sU, can bo ciia Hoi Luat gia da cho chiing toi biet ditdc van de nay'^' Tuy vay, qua cong tac tit van phap luat, trd giiip phap ly cho thS^y thieu quy dinh cua phap luat hoac quy dinh khong day dii, khong chat che, nhat la quy dinh cua Lulit Thi hanh an hinh sU nam 2010 nen g§y nhieu kho khan cho viec trd giup phap ly, giai dap cua luat sit trUdc nhiJng cau hoi, thac mSc cua pham nhan (ca nhiJng ngitdi da ch^'p hanh hinh phat hoac chila chap hanh hinh phat hoac ditdc hoan chap hanh hinh phat) Co ngitdi hoi ve viec ho ditdc hitclng an treo n§'u khong c6 mat theo giay tri§u tkp cua Cong an cap huyen den tru sci cd quan thi hanh an de an dinh tbdi gian phai c6 mat tai UBND xa va cam ket viec chap hanh an ma di lam tai mot dia phUdng khac cho h§'t tbdi gian ihxt thach cua an treo mdi ve thi c6 dildc xem la da chap hanh xong ban an hay khong; neu chifa c6 mat mot thcii gian sau mdi trinh dien thi thcfi gian tinh hat dau thi hanh an ttf nao, neu khong CO mat theo giKy trieu tap cua cd quan thi hanh an thi c6 phai chiu bien phap citQng che nao khong Luat Thi hanh an va Nghi quyet s6'02/2018/NQ-HDTP cua Hoi dong tham phan Toa an nhan dan toi cao 15 thang nam 2018 hudng d^n ap dung Dieu 65 ciia Bo luat Hinh sU ve an treo Cling chiia quy dinh ro ve thoi diem bat dau tinh thi hanh an treo, cbita quy dinh neu ngitdi bi ket an khong c6 mat ct dia phildng de thi hanh an thi het tbdi gian thit thach cua an treo c6 difdc xem la da chap hanh xong ban an hay khong, cung chita quy dinh nhiing bien phap citdng che nao ap dung doi vdi ngitdi thi hanh an c6' tinh khong c6 mat theo giay trieu tap de thi hanh an Chinh vi luat chifa quy dinh th^m quyen ap dung cac bien phap cUdng che can thiet cho cd quan thi hanh an cap huyen do'i vdi nhiing trUdng hOp ngUdi thi hanh an co' tinh khong c6 mat nen thUc tien da xay rat nhieu tritdng hdp ngitdi bi ket an khong den cd quan thi hanh an trinh dien Vi du: Ngay 11/10/2012 Hoang Trung M bi Toa an nhan dan huyen xit phat 12 thang til, cho hudng an treo 24 thang thii thach ve toi vi pham quy dinh ve dieu khien phifdng tien giao thong dUdng bo Sau ban an co hieu lUc phap luat, Toa an da quy§'t dinh thi hanh an doi vdi M va chuyen kem theo ban an den cd quan thi hanh an hinh sii huyen de thi hanh Cd quan thi hanh an huyen tiep nhan ho sd; dong tbdi, trieu tap M den tru sci cd quan thi hanh an hinh sii huyen de an dinh tbdi gian phai co mat tai Uy ban nhan dan xa cam ket cb§^p hanh an Tuy nhien, trieu tap nhieu l^n nhUng M deu khong den cO quan thi hanh an de lam viec, tien hanh xac minh tai dia phifdng the hien M da bo nha di, gia dinh, dia phitdng khong biet M di dau, lam gi Chinh vi M khong co mat d dia phUdng, '^' http://www.nguoibaovequyenloi.com/ User/ Thong Tin_ChiTiet.aspx''MaTT=258201851958972725 &MaMT=5 NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HOI Q THUC TI^N HANH NGHE CUA LUAT SUVA CHINH SACH nam da ditdc giam tbdi ban chap hanh an phat tii va tbdi ban chap banh an lai ditdi 15 nam; pham nhan thupc tritdng hdp tai pham nguy hiem, da cha'p banh mot phan hai tbdi ban chap hanh an phat tu va da dUdc giam thdi ban chap hanh an; c) Buong ky luat doi v6i pham nhan bi ky luat Theo quy dinh tren vin chUa ro tieu chi dua ngUdi vao trai giam va thii tuc chuyen trai giam d^ giai dap tbfic mac cua pham nhan He thong trai giam can chia nho hdn khu giam gifl thay vi chi chia nhit hien co khu giam giii doi vdi pham nhan co miic an tu tren 15 nam va pham nhan co miic an tu tii 15 nam trd xuong*^' Neu chi chia it khu giam giii va khong quy dinh che d6 khac d tifng khu thi khong kip thdi khuyen kbich pham nhan cai tao tot de co the dUdc chuyen sang giam giii d khu giam co che it nghiem khac Co the hoc tap each phan loai nha giam ci mdt so' nitdc tien tien tren the gi6i Chang ban nhit ci Ba Lan vi§c phan loai nha giam dUa theo mitc dp hinb phat tii ciia pham nhan Pham nhan ditpc phan loai khoan dung, loai hinh tbitdng, loai khac kbo va dUdc giam giii trai giam CO che dp tuong ling Trong qua trinh cai tao, theo mi5c dp tien bo, pham nban c6 the dUdc chuyen tit nha giam sang nha giam khac Cac pham nhan liic mdi vao thupc loai kh&c kho hay loai thitdng neu cai tao tot se ditdc chuyen sang che khoan dung v6i nhieu quyen Idi hdn""' Nhat Ban cac nha giam dUdc chia tbanb loai danh cho: 1) Nhiing ngUcfi c6 khuynh hudng pham toi It; 2) Nhiing ngitdi co khuynh hudng pham toi y NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HOI phat trien; 3) Ngitdi nudc ngoai; 4) NhiJng ngitdi CO miic hinh phat tren nam tii; 5) Nbiing ngiidi dudi 20 tuoi; 6) Nhiing ngUdi CO da'u hieu cua benh than kinh; V Nhiing ngifdi hi benh khac hoac co nhiidc diim ve the ch^'t Lien Bang Nga nha giam difdc chia loai de giam giii cac tu nhan*^* d nUdc ta trudc day theo Phap lenh Thi hanh an phat tii nam 1993 trai giam ciing phan loai: trai giam loai I, loai H va loai III Viec ph§,n loai trai giam de giam giii, giao due pham nhan can cii vao tinh chS^t cua toi pham, nhan than ngitdi bi ket an ciing nhif miic an da tuyen doi vdi ho la hieu hien ro net cua nguyen tac cong bang, nhan dao, phan hoa va ca the h6a viec thi hanh hinh phat, tranh dildc tinh trang "lay nhiem toi pham" nham tang CUdng ket qua giao due, cai tao ngitdi hi ket an'^\ Khi quy dinh nhieu loai trai giam, nhieu khu giam giii, titdng ting vdi no la cac che dp nghiem khac hoac it nghiem khac, quyen Idi cua pham nhan cd sii khac tiiy thupc vao viec cai tao co the chuyen pham nhan tii loai trai giam sang trai giam khac Quy dinh se khuyen kbich dUdc pham nhan tich ciic cai tao de ditdc giam giii vdi che dp it nghiem khac, it hi ban che quyen Idi Viec quy dinh ro ddi titdng, dieu kien giam giii vdi tiing loai trai giam se gop phin minh bach hdn kbi xem xet dita ngifdi di chap hanh '®' Dilu 30 Lu^t Thi hanh an hinh sU nAm 2019 '^' Thong tin khoa hoc phap ly, chuyen de ve Tu phap hinh sU so sanh, nam 1999 H a Noi, tr 259 '«' Xem Tr^n Quang Tidp (2002), Mdt so v^h dS ve' tbi hanh an hinh sU Nxb Cong an n h a n dan, tr.84-85 '*' Vo K h a n h Vinh & NguySn M a n h Khang {2nnfi1 Phap luSt thi h a n h an hinh sU Vi&t Nam - Nhftnp " ' de ly lu4n va thiic tiSn, Nxb T\l phap, tr 249 NGUYEN VAN HUYEN an, tranh nhiing hieu lam khong dang co cac pham nhan cho rang phai co sii quen biet mdi dUdc bo tri cai tao d nha giam gan nha Ve giam thdi ban chSp hanh an phat tu, Luat Thi banh an nam 2019 chua quy dinh cu the thdi gian ditdc giam an moi lan titdng ling vdi ket qua cai tao Con Thong tu Lien tich 02/TT-LN 15/5/2013 hitdng dEn tbi banh cac quy dinh ve giam tbdi ban chap hanh an phat tii doi vdi pham nhan cung quy dinh chung chung: Tritdng hdp ditdc giam ba nam phai la nhiing pham nhan chap hanh nghiem chinh Noi quy trai giam, trai tarn giam, nha tarn giii va l^p cong hoac co ticb dac biet xuCt sac lao dong, hoc tap cai tao Nhifng nhii the' nao la chCp hanh nghiem chinh lai chua ro nen co the dan den hi lam dung Dong thdi, quy trinh, thii tuc xet giam an ciing phai cong khai minh bach, tranh gay hieu lam, thac mac cua cac pham nhan Doi vdi tritdng hdp ngitdi bi ket an cd ddn xin an giam hinh phat tit hinh thi theo Diem e, Khoan 1, Dieu 367 Bo luat To' tung hinb sii ban an tif hinh difdc thi hanh sau Chu ticb nifdc bac ddn xin an giam nhifng thdi gian bao nhieu Chu tich nifdc bac ddn xin an giam lai chifa difpc quy dinh ro Dieu dan den sii lo lang, chd khong c^n thiet cua pham nhan Vdi viec hoan thien phap luat va chinh sacb phap luat thi hanh an hinh sii se tranh difdc viec ngifdi hi ket an va nhiing ngitdi CO lien quan Idi dung nhiing quy dinh khong ro rang, nhuiig bat c&p cua luat de lach luat, gay kho khan cho viec to chdc thi hanh an Dong thdi giiip cho cac luat sit thiic hien tit va'n phap lu|t, trd giiip phap ly khong gap kho khan va giai dap thoa dang dap ling yeu cau ciia ngUdi hi ket an Tang cvidng cong tac phoi hdp giam sat thi hanh an hinh sii De cong tac thi hanh an hinh su va vi$c thiic bien chinh sach thi hanh an hinh sii dat ket qua, cung vdi viec to chdc thi hanh an thi viec tang cudng phoi hdp giam sat giiip cho boat dong tbi banh an ditdc thiic thi diing phap luat cd vai tro quan Ngay 11/10/2004 Uy ban Trung ifdng Mat tran to quoc Viet Nam da ky Quy che phoi hop cong tac vdi Vien Kiem sat nhan dan toi cao vdi cac noi dung: Xay diing khoi dai doan ket toan dan tpc; xay diing phap luat, tuyen truyen hien phap luat; da'u tranh phong, cho'ng toi pham; kiem sat, giam sat cac boat dong tit phap; tham gia boat dong to' tung hinb sii Thdi gian qua Vien Kiem sat nhan dan toi cao, cac Vi$n kiem sat tren ca nUdc va Uy ban Trung Udng Mat tran to quoc Viet Nam va Uy ban mat tran cac tinh da phoi hdp chat che to chdc thiic hien co hieu qua cac noi dung Quy che phoi hdp Nhieu Vien kiem sat ca'p huyen da phoi hdp vdi Uy ban mat tran to quoc Cling cap xay diing chifdng trinh cong tac phoi hdp tiing nam ve phoi hdp kiem tra, giam sat, tuyen truyen bien, giao due pbap luat tren dia ban Nhiing thong tin ve tinh hinh toi pham dia ban ditdc Vi§n kiem sat thong tin den Mat tran to quoc, gop phan giii viing an ninh chinh tri, trat tii an toan xa hoi va xay diing viing chac khoi dai doan ket dan toc*^"* Dac biet, Vien Kiem sat nhan dan