TAP CHi KHOA HQC BAI HQC VAN LANG VQ Thj Bich Hai vi cic tgk TINH PHU HOP CUA HANG HOA THEO CISG 1980 VA MQT S LUtJ Y DOT V d l DOANH NGHIEP VIET NAM CONFORMITY OF THE GOODS TO THE CISG 1980 AND SOME NOTICES FOR VIETNAMESE ENTERPRISES VO THI BICH HAI('K NGUYEN NGQC BI$N THUY HVCJNGf"^ va DINH LE OANHC") TOM TAT: Trong thyc hiin hgp dong mua bdn hdng hda qudc ti di hodn thdnh nghia vu giao hdng ben bdn rdt cdn suphdi hop hdnh dpng cua bin mua, cd viic xdc dinh, kiim tra vd thong bdo vi tinh phi hgp eua hdng hda Bdi viit chu yiu su dung phuang phdp phdn lich, phuang phdp ting hpp vd phuang phdp so sanh ludl hpc di ldm ro tinh phu hgp cua hdng hda theo CISG 1980 vd th\fc tiin gidi quyit tranh chdp, tie long kit mdt sd luu y ddi v&i doanh nghiip Viet Nemi Tie khoa: CISG 1980; hpp dong mua bdn hdng hda qude ti; tinh phii hpp cua hdng hda; nghia vu giao hdng ABSTRACT: In implementing an international contract of trading goods, to fulfill the delivery obligation, the seller needs the coordination in action of the buyer, including determining and checking and announcing the the conformity of the goods Ths paper mainly uses the analytical, synthetic and comparative methods to clarify the conformity of goods lo the CISG 1980 and the reality of dispute resolution, thereby summarizes some notices for Viemamese enterprises Key words: CISG 1980; international contract of trading goods; conformity of the goods; good delivery obligation LDATVANDE CISG 1980 li Cdng udc eiia Lidn Hi^p Qudc ve Hgp dong raua bin hang hda qude tl dugc k;^ kit tai Vidn - thii dd ciia Ao vio 11-4-1980 CISG 1980 ed hieu lye tgi Vidt Nam tir ngiy 01-01-2017 Theo CISG 1980, doi tugng ciia hgp ddng (hing hda) la ndi dung quan trgng nhit eiia hgp ddng mua ban hing hoa qudc tl bdi ben mua ludn "chd dgi" nhin dirge hang hda phii hgp vdi yeu ciu eiia minh va ben bin eung mong mudn dap ung yeu ciu chinh dang niy ciia bdn mua Tuy nhidn, dC li?u ciia cac bdn hgp ddng khdng phii liie nao ciing toin di?n bdi hing hda tiong mua ban hang hda quie te phai ddi mgt vdi rit nhidu khd khan (quang dudng xa, nhieu vimg hgu khac nhau, thdi gian van ehuydn keo dai ) ndn hing hda ben mua nhin dugc ed thd tinh trgng khdng phu hgp vdi ydu eau eiia ben mua CISG 1980 da cd quy dinh dl cy thd hda vin dl niy tir Dilu 35 din Dilu 44 dl lam ea sd phap ly giiip cac ben dua cac thda thuan qua trinh dam phan, giao kit hgp ddng mua ban hang hda qudc tl Tuy viy, thyc tien cho thiy tianh chip vl ti'nh phii hgp ciia hang hda vin thudng xuyen xiy ra, die bidt tiong vide xic dinh tinh phii hgp eua hang hda, nghTa vy kilm tra hing hda trudc giao hang eho ngudi van chuyin, nghia vu thdng bio eiia ben mua ve viec hang hda khdng phii hgp vdi hgp ddng ''* ThS Trudng Dgi hgc Vin Lang vuthibichhai@vanlanguni.edu.vn Mdsd: TCKH22~20-2020 '"' ThS Trudng D^i hoc Vin Lang, nguyenngocbienthuyhuong@vanlanguni.edu.vn '"*'ThS Trudng D^i hgc Vin Lang, dinhleoanh@vanlanguni.edu.vn TAP CHI KHOA HOC DAI HOC V A N LANG Chinh vi viy, viec doanh nghiep Viet Nam trang bj cho minh diy du kiln thixc phip ly lidn quan den tinh phu hgp cua hang hda dd hgn ehd tranh chip xay eiing nhu de bao ve quydn va lgi ieh hgp phip cua minh Idii tham gia vio cac quan he mua ban hang hda qudc tl la vd ciing cin thilt 2.NOIDUNG 2.1 Khai quat ve ti'nh phii hgp cua hang hda theo CISG 1980 ^ ^ ^ i l u 35 CISG 1980 quy dinh bing hda ^ ^ H g i a o phii raang tinh phii hgp Vdi ben ^ ^ P t i n h phu hgp eiia hang hda ehinh li cin cii ^ [ x i c djnh hg ed hoan thinh nghTa vy giao ^ ^ ^ k h d n g ? Vdi bdn mua, day la eo sd dd hg oao vd quydn lgi ciia minh Theo CISG 1980, ^ ^ H x a c dinh tinh phu hgp cua hing hda cd su khie tiong trudng hgp giu'a ben bin va ben mua ed thda thugn va khdng ed thda thugn 2.1.1 Tru&ng hgp giiea ben bdn vd ben mua CO su thda thuan Neu gjiia bdn bin vi bdn mua di ed sy thda thuin, thi ben ban phii giao hing diing so lugng, phim chit vi md ta nhu quy dinh hgp ddng, dung bao bi hay ddng gdi nhu hgp ddng yeu cau (Dilu 35.1 CISG 1980) Ndi each khic, tinh phii hgp ciia hang hda trudng hc^ cic bdn ed sy thda thugn duge xac dinh dya vao bdn ylu td li: i) so lugng; ii) phim chit; iii) md ti; va iv) bao bi hay ddng gdi nhu hgp ddng ydu ciu Vi sd lugng hdng hda: Ben ban cd nghTa vy giao hang hda dung sd lugng da thda thugn tiong hgp ddng (mgt sd tuyet ddi hoge ed dung sai, "toan bg vy miia" ) [1, tr.53] Sy chdnh Igeh vl mat sd lugng (nhidu ban ho§c it han) so vdi thda thugn ddu duge xic dinh la khdng phii hgp vdi hgp ddng vi bdn mua phii dugc thdng bao ve sy khdng phii hgp Vi chdt lugng hdng hda: Vide xac dinh chat lugng hang hda la can thidt bdi v i ^ giao khdng dung chit lugng cd thd inh hudng din quyen lgi eua ben thii ba Cac tac gia Schwenzer, Ingeborg, Pascal Haehem, Christopher Kee [6, tr.377] deu cho ring, sy phii hgp phii xem xet nhung chat ty nhien ciia nd, bao gdm cic tinh nang vg ly cua hang hda Ngugc lgi, mgt sd y kien khac eho ring vide xie dinh chit lugng edn phii can cu vio eae thuge tinh phi vat ly cua hing hda, eac quy dinh cua phip luit, eie tidu chuan IQ* thugt hoac tuin thu cic tidu ehuin nhit dinh qui tiinh sin xuit hoac xuat xii cua hing hda [7] vi md td hdng hda: Vide cd till dugc thyc hidn bing nhidu cieh thuc khic nhau, nhu ngdn ngu hgp dong, hang hda miu, hinh anh dinh kem dd xic dinh duge chinh xic dge didm, tinh chit, kidu dang eua hang hda vi bao bi hope dong gdi hdng hda: Cic ben ed till thda tiiuan vide phai giao hang diing bao bi hay ddng gdi va bdn bin hi xem la vi phgm neu ed giao hang hda khong dap iing dugc yeu eau niy Nhu viy, su thda thuan eua eie bdn la ydu to quan tigng de xac dinh ti'nh phii hgp ciia hing hda va quyet dinh sy "thinh edng" cua cic bdn tham gia quan h^ mua bin hang hda qudc td Sy thda thuin ludn duge uu tidn ap dung dya tien nguydn tic tdn trgng sy thidn ehi, thda thuin tiong hgp dong (favorcontractus), cho dii cie ben khdng ed thda thugn vd hidu hda Dilu 35.2 CISG 1980 (trudng hgp giua bdn ban va bdn mua khdng cd sy thda thugn vl hing hda dugc giao) 2.1.2 Tru&ng hgp giira ben bdn vd ben mua khong CO sy thda thugn Diy la quy dinh thilt tiiyc ciia CISG 1980 de lim ca sd thyc hign hoic giai quylt tranh chip phat sinh lien quan din hang hda duge giao Theo Dilu 35.2 CISG 1980, trir tiirdng hgp da dugc cae ben thda tiiugn khae, hang hda bi coi la khong phii hgp vdi hgp ddng niu: Thu nhdt, hang hda khdng tiu'ch hgp cho eac muc dieh sii dyng ma cie hing hda cimg logi van thudng dap ung "Mue dich sft dyng" tmng truimg hm, CO the dirgrc xac djnh bing kha nSng "ban Iji" Cho ben thir ba nhOng diju |(i^„ , ^ „ ^ mai binh thircmg (loai hang hoa) [4, tr 1161 TAP CHI KHOA HQC DAI HQC VAN LANG Tuy nhien, quy dinh trfin khdng ddng nghTa viec hang hda khdng duge cd khuylt didm hoge phai hoan hao tuyet ddi, tiii trudng hgp sy hoan hio la ein thilt dl dip ling "muc dich su dyng tiidng thudng" v i can dugc xac dinh dua vao boi cinh cy thi tren ca sd thara khio y djnh, nhu ciu ciia ben ban v i ben mua cac giao dich tuong ty Thu hai, hang hda khdng thieh hgp eho bat kj' muc dich ey thi nao rai ben bin d i true tidp hoic gian tilp bilt duge vao liic ky hgp ddng, trii trudng hgp neu cin cu vao cic hoin cinh cy till cd thi thiy ring khdng dua vio y kidn hay sy phin doin ciia bdn bin hoge niu doi vdi hp lam nhu till li khdng hgp \^ Noi each khie, hing hda bi xera li khdng phu hgp ndu hang hda khdng phii hgp vdi "mye dich sir dyng cu thd" eiia bdn mua Day cd the lii mong mudn sir dyng eua bdn mua ddi vdi hang hda cua bdn bin (dii thi hidn tryc tidp hoac giin tilp - "bat ky myc di'eh cu the rd rang hoic ngy y dugc thdng bao eho bdn bin t?iitiididiem ky kdt hgp ddng") Thdng thudng, bSn mua neu myc dich sir dung eu thi doi vcri hang hda hgp ddng dd dya vao ben ban quylt dinh vi^c ed giao kit hgp ddng hay khdng [1, ti.55] Muc dich cd thd duge thd hi?n tryc tilp (thdng bio ciia bdn mua, ngdn tir cua hgp ddng) Thi nhung, thyc td tdn tgi khong it frudng hgp ben mua lgi the hi?n y ehi mdt each giin tilp (in y) nen vide "myc dich su dung ey the" dugc xac dinh dya vao "ky ning va su phin doin ciia bdn ban" (hJc sy dinh gii va lya chgn cua bdn ban) va "ben ban phii chiu trich nhigm giao hing hoa khdng phii hgp vdi hgp ddng" Thu ba, hang hda khdng cd cac tinh ehat ciia hing miu hogc kilu dang ma bdn ban da cung cip cho bdn mua De kidm tia sy phii hgp giua hang hda dugc giao vi hang miu, bdn mua can thidt lap sy kidm ti^, giam djnh trudc nhgn hang cimg nhu dua ydu ciu ben bin bdi thudng va Thj BIcb Hai vi cic tgk tiiiet hgi hing dugc giao khdng phii hgp vdi hing mlu Tuy nhidn, vide sir dyng cich thirc thyc td cd thi gap khd khan niu hang miu "qua nhd" (quy md, sd lugng) so vdi hang hda tiiyc chit phai giao (vi dy: miu gd nhd (3em x 3em) eanh eua la 5m x 3ra dl ydu ciu vin gd phai diu mau) Thu tu, hang hda khdng dugc ddng bao bi theo cich thdng thudng eho nhung hing cimg logi hogc, ndu khdng cd each thdng thudng, thi bing each thich hgp de giir ^ va bio vd hang hoa dd Thye te, vide ddng gdi thudng dugc xie dinh theo cic tidu chuin bao bi hign hanh tgi qudc gia cua bdn ban nham bio v? hing hda khdi sy hu hdng, hao mdn va phai cin nhie din loai hang hda, hgu, khoing each van chuyin, tinh trgng ciia hing hda [1, fr.65] Vi du: Bdn bin frii eiy bi xic djnh la giao hing khdng phu hgp bdi da khdng ddng hdp trai ciy "dung quy each tdi thilu" dii dl ngin c h ^ hu hdng va d nhilm xiy tien dudng vgn chuyin bang xe tii Tuy nhidn, ben ban khdng phii chiu tiich nhidra vd vide giao hang khdng diing hgp ddng (Dilu 35.3 CISG 1980) niu dip ihig duge hai dilu ki?n sau: 1) Thudc mgt tiong cae diem a ddn d Didu 35.2 CISG 1980; 2) Ben mua da bilt hogc khdng thi khdng bidt vl vide hang khdng phu hgp vao liic ky kit hgp dong Cd till ndi, tmh phia hgp ciia hang hda hgp ddng li ca sd dd ben raua cd the bio vd quyin v i lgi ich hgp phip cua minh ben ban khdng giao hing hda phii hgp, kd ca vide huy hgp ddng tiieo Dilu 49.1 CISG 1980 niu hang hda khdng phu hgp can hanh ragt vi pham ca bin tiieo Didu 25 CISG 1980 Tuy nhidn, vigc xac dinh tinh phii hgp li tuong ddi khd khan, phiie tgp vi ca ben bin, bdn mua ddu phii chiu ti^ch nhi?m frong vi?e Chuih vi viy, tiir Dilu 38 din 44 CISG 1980 diu quy dinh ey till vl frach nhidra ciia cae ben cua cac bdn, dge bigt la 1) nghTa vy kidm TAP CHl KHOA HQC DM HQC VAN LANG tra hang hda trudc giao hang eho ngudi van ehuydn vi 2) NghTa vu thdng bio cua ben mua vd vide hing hda khdng phii hgp vdi hgp ddng 2.2 Mdt sd liru y ddl voi doanh nghiep viec kiem tra va thdng bao vl tinh phu hgp ctia hang hoa theo CISG 1980 Thye tidn giii quydt tranh chap eho thiy, I hgp sau bdn bin giao hang eho ben Ebdn mua phat hidn cd nhirng hing hda hdng phii hgp (bi hu hdng, khdng du khdi |khdng dam bao ehat lugng ) thi ben mua I quydn ta ehdi toan sd hang vdi gii ^thuin ban diu Thi nhung, dd dam bao Ihudng quydn trdn, bdn mua cin; i) Kidm tra f phii hgp eiia hing hda vi ii) Thdng bio cho I ban ve sy khdng phii hgp eiia hing hda I Nghia vu cua bin mua viic kiim tra tinh phu hop cda hdng hoa Trong thyc te, eac tda in giii thich Didu 38 CISG 1980 diu tip tiung vio hai vin dd ehinh: I) thdi hgn mi bdn mua ein phii tidn hinh kidm fra hang hda, va 2) cie ydu ciu ddi vdi vi?c kilm tra hing hda Trong dd, thdi hgn kidm tia hang hda la vin dl cdn tdn tgi nhieu quan dilm khic [4, ti.26] Theo Didu 38.1 CISG 1980, "ben mua phdi kiim tra hdng hda hope bdo ddm da cd sy kiim tra hdng hda mpt th&i hgn ngan nhdt md thyc ti CO thi ldm dugc linh huong cif thi" Nhu viy, CISG 1980 khdng quy djnh eu thi thdi hgn kidm tra hang hda, ma ydu eiu tiidi hgn niy phai duge quy dinh mgt cich Imh hogt vi la "thdi gian ngin nhit" timg trudng hgp ey thd Viy till nao la *thdi hgn ngin nhat"? "Thdi hgn ngan nhat" dugc hidu la thdi gian ben mua phii hgp vdi cic "dilu kien" eua minh dd cd thi kilm tra hang hda Vide xie djnh the nio la "dieu kign" luc niy se phy thuge vao each tilp cgn eiia tda vdi timg hoan cinh (cd thd la chiing logi hang hda, tinh ehat khuyet tgt, phuang thiic giao hang ) Tii "didu kign" niy mdi ed thi xac djnh dugc the nio li ' ^ d i hgn ngin nhat" Thue tiln giai quyet tianh chip ve van e niy eho tiiay mgt sd tieu chi thudng xuyen dugc CO quan cd tfiim quyin su dung nhu: Cac khia cgnh lidn quan din ben mua (tinh frgng ridng tu hay tiiuong mgi eua bdn mua ), logi hing hda, miic phiie tgp eiia hang hda, tinh chit eua hing hda (hang dd hdng, hang hda mang tinh chat thdi vu ), khdi lugng hang hda duge giao, khdi lugng cdng vide can thye hien dd kidm tra hang hda, tinh ehuydn nghidp/kinh nghidm cua bdn mua, sy sin ed ciia ca sd vit chit cho kilm tra, thdi hgn, hinh thiie su dyng hay hmh thirc bin lgi ma ben raua mong mudn thye hidn, theo thdi quen, thuc tien va cac ydu td khac eua hoin eanh Thdng thudng, mgt sd thdi hgn sau diy dugc ghi nhgn la dap ung ydu cau vd "thdi bgn hgp 1^": Mdt thing sau giao hang; hai tuin sau giao hang diu tidn duac thda thugn hgp ddng; mgt tuan sau giao hang; mgt vai sau giao hing tgi cing ddn; ba ngiy sau hang duge giao cho bdn mua; hai sau giao hing hay thim ehi la vao ngiy giao hang eho ben mua [2, ti.2] Ndi each khic, ddi vdi thdi hgn kilm tra hang hda cua bdn mua, CISG 1980 yeu can cae tda in phai giai thich linh hogt v i xet ddn cic ylu td cd thi inh hudng [5, tr.27] Trong mdt vu vide vl mua bin ea khd ddng lgnh giua Nguydn dan (bdn mua Jabsheh Tradmg Est eiia Tiy Ban Nha) v i Bi don (bdn ban Ibereonsa cua Jordan), vide kilm tia hing hda dugc bdn mua thyc hidn vdng mgt thing kd tii hgp ddng dugc giao kit [7] Tu dd ed till tiiiy, thdi hgn dl thyc hign vi?c kiem fra hing hda cd thd Idn din gin 01 thing Hoge frong vy vide mua bin myc nang va bach tugc ddng lgnh giiia Nguydn don (bdn mua Peseados J Gutierrez, S.I cua Tiy Ban Nha) v i Bi don (ben ban Port Said Export Fish cua A Cgp) [9], vigc kiem fra frong vdng 01 thing sau nhgn hing va tiidng bio frong vdng han 10 ke tii kiem tra dugc coi hgp \^ khidu ngi hen quan ddn so lugng va kieh - TAP CHJ KHOA HQC PAl HQC VAN LANG hang hda Ii cic ylu td khdng bien ddi theo thdi gian Toa in ly giai ring viec kidm djnh chit lirgng hang hda, die bi?t li mat hang thiiy hii san cin phii dugc thye hien hang vira din hoac it sau do, vide dua thdng bao cho ben bin vd ehit lugng ciia hang hda phai dugc thyc hign sau vide kidm dinh chit lugng ciia hang hda hoan tat Tda in nhan mgnh ring hang hda thiiy hii sin la hang hda dl hu hdng, ngoai nd edn la thyc pham cho ngudi, vi thd, viec kilm tra mdt each ky luang ein phai duge tidn hinh Vin de niy eung dugc quy djnh tgi Dilu 44 Lusit Thuang mgi 2005 cua Vidt Nara Tuy CO mdt sd dilm tuang ddng vdi CISG 1980 (khdng don toin bg tiach nhigm eho ben ban doi vdi khiera khuylt ciia hang hda, khdng dua can cti cy the de xic djnh khoing thdi gian hgp ly phii kiem tia va thdng bio ) nhung vd ban chat quy dinh eiia CISG 1980 va Luit Thuang mgi 2005 lgi hoan toin khic Theo d6, neu cie ben ed thoa thugn dd ben mua ho^c dai di^n ciia ben mua tiln hanh kiem tia hang hda trUdc giao hing, viec kidm tra hang hda trUdc giao hang ehi tid nghTa vy eua ben mua ndu tiong hgp ddng cd thoatiiugn.Nhu viy, khic vdi CISG 1980, vide kiem fra hang hda khdng phai la nghia vy lugt djnh cua b6n mua nhu CISG 1980, ma li quydn lgi ciia hg [3, ti.46] ndn logi franh chip khong phd bien ddi vdi eac hgp ddng mua bin hang hda tiong nude ciia Viet Nam v i didu ngirgc lgi vdi hgp ddng mua ban hang hda qudc te Diy cung chinh la vin dd doanh nghidp Vigt Nam can luu y, tranh trudng hgp doanh nghidp Vi§t Nam cd sy nhim lin thyc hi$n nghTa l^niy doi vdi hgp ddng mua ban hang hda J nude va hgp ddng mua ban hang hda ftl, dgc bigt li eac quy djnh eiia phap muang mgi Vi?t Nam va CISG 1980 edn ^nhieu diem khdng tuang ddng •"Tom lgi, CISG 1980 khdng dua tieu chi I djnh the nio la "thai hgn ngdn nhdt md VS Thj Bfch Hai vi cic tgk hodn cdnh ihye ti cho phep" Vi viy, cie tidu chi Uiudng dugc xie dinh tiiy tiiugc vio tinig tinh huong frong nhihig hgp ddng cy till Chinh vi vay, doanh nghidp Viet Nam cin luu y: Thu nhdt, d vi tri nha nhip khiu hing hda, doanh nghiep Viet Nam cin tiiue hien kilm fra hang hda sau nhgn hang dl cd till dam bio quyen lgi cua mmh Nhung hang hda dd hu hdng nhu ndng sin, hang tiiiy sin ein phii duge die bidt luu y hon ve tiidi hgn Tmdng hgp hang hda duge giao eho ngudi vin ehuyin, cae doanh nghi$p Viet Nam ndn kidm tia tmdc bdn bin ehuydn giao cho bdn vgn ehuydn mgt khoangtiidigian hgp ly dl dam bio viec hang hda rai bdn ban ehuydn giao li hing hda dam bio ehit lugng Neu \xn mua ty bd qua vi& vi hang hda da dugc ben bin chuyin giao cho ben mua, hay bdn van ehuydn thi ben mua phai chju trach nhidm ve mgi nii ro hay ve hu hdng ciia hang hda sau thai didra giao hang [8] Thie hai, a vi tri la nha xuit khiu hing hda, doanh nghidp Viet Nara can ydu eiu nhi nhip khau nude ngoai tiln hinh kidra fra hang hda thdi hgn ngin nhit cd thi nhim trinh nhiing tranh chip hang hda bi biln ddi phim chit kilm tra chim fri [2, ti.7] Thu bg tir nhimg kinh nghidm da phan ti'ch d trdn, chiing tdi cho ring, giai phap higu qua nhara hgn ehd eie tranh chap ddi vdi cic bdn giao dich la tiong hgp ddng ein neu ro thdi hgn kidra tra phim chat eua hing hda Ddi vdi vide kilm tra hing hda, eae bdn cd the quy djnh thdi han kilm 0^ vi khilu ngi li 01 tiling kl tii ngiy nhin hing Ddi vdi hangtiiiiysin hay ndng sin, thdi ban ndn quy dinh ngin hon, vi dy 10 hay tuin kl hi ngiy nhgn hang Vi?c quy dinh rd mgt tiidi han rd rang, phii hgp vdi tiiye tidn cua eie ben se giup tranh nhung tranh chip phat sinh tur vin dl niy thyc hien hgp ddng Trudng hgp niu bdn bin tiiiy ro dugc bdn mua se vi phgm nghiem trgng cae dilu khoin eua hgp ddng qua trinh thye hien hgp ddng, ben ban TAP CHI KHOA HQC PAI HQC VAN LANG se cd quydn chim dut viec thyc hien hgp ddng v i ydu eiu bdn mua bdi thudng thiet hgi 2.2.2 NghTa vu cua bin mua viec thong bdo tinh phu hgp cua hdng hda Didu 39 CISG quy dinh, ngudi raua hi mit quydn khidu ngi vd vide hang hda khdng phii hgp hgp ddng neu ngudi mua khdng thdng bio eho ngudi bin nhimg tin tiic ve vide khdng phii hgp mdt thdi hgn hgp ly ke tir liic ngudi mua da phat hidn sy khdng phii hgp dd Trong mgi trudng hgp, bdn mua bj mit quyin khilu ngi vl vide hang khdng phii hgp vdi hgp ddng niu hg khdng thdng bao eho bdn ban bidt vd vide chim nhit thdi han nam kd tu ngiy hang hda di thuc sy dugc giao cho ben mua trii phi thdi hgn niy tiii nguge vdi thdi han bio hanh quy dinh tiong hgp ddng Tuy nhidn, ben bin khdng ed quyen vien dan quy dinh tren niu nhu su khdng phii hgp eua hing hda lien quan din cac ylu to m i ngudi bin da biet hogc khdng thd khdng bidt v i hg da khdng thdng bio eho ngudi mua Cd the thay, cac thdi han duge neu tgi Dilu 38 va Dilu 39 CISG 1980 vl kilm tia phira chat va thdng bio vd khidm khuylt dugc thilt kl "md" va duge ip dung mdt each linh hogt, tiiy tinh hudng cu the Thyc td eho thiy, CO quan xet xii ludn luu y ap dyng Dilu 38, 39 CISG 1980 dinh gii tinh khach quan cua timg trudng hgp cu thd Thai hgn niy cd thd la vii ngiy, vai tuan, ciing ed thd la vai thing tiiy thuge vao dieu ki^n cu thd ke tir hing hda dugc van ehuydn den chuyen ddn dja diem giao hing nhung phii dim bao duge nhiing quy djnh nghidm ngit kidm djnh hang hda vi khdng dd cie nhin td khich quan lam inh hudng den chat lugng eua sin phim Thyc tidn giai quyet tranh chip cho thiy thdi hgn duge xie djnh dai ban (thdi hgn nim, trir trudng hgp dge bidt) so vdi quy djnh tgi Dilu 318 Lugt Hiuang mgi 2005 (thdi hgn khilu ngi vd sd tugng hing hda li 03 thing, khilu ngi ve phim chat hang hda li 06 thing tinh tir giao hang) Cd thi thay, Lugt Thuang mgi 2005 dugc sogn tiiao dl ap dyng eho hgp ddng frong nude, edn CISG 19oU gc ip dung cho hgp ddng mua bin hang hda quoc tl ed sy phirc tap han vl ky tiiugt, ndi dung eung nhu vl cic quy djnh phap ly ( * ^ *^9" giao hing va quang dudng dai, su thay doi cua hau ), dd, thdi gian khilu nai vd hang hda cung cin phii quy dinh dai hon [10], Tir phin tieh frdn, theo ehiing tdi, niu la ben mua thi doanh nghidp Viet Nam can thi^n chi thdng bio cho bdn ban mgt thai hgn hgp Iy ndu bdn mua nhan duge hang hda tir ben ban khdng dung nhu thda thugn ban diu dl ben mua vda ed thd hudng dugc quyen giam gii toan viia giam thidu dugc thidt hai ed thi xiy Ngoii ra, ddi vdi quan he hgp tic kinh doanh, vide thdng bao cd thd la tidn dd de eae bdn cd thd tilp tuc mdi quan he lim an lau dii KET LUAN Viet Nam dang diy mgnh hdi nhip ndn kinh td qudc td, eie hogt dgng xuat nhgp khiu didn cang nhgn nhip, dd, hgp ddng vd mua bin hing hda qudc t l ciing chilm t^ frgng ldn frong tdng sd hgp ddng ndi chung Trong qui frinh ky kit, thyc hidn cac hgp ddng mua ban hing hda qude tl, vide phdng ngira nhung tranh chip phat sinh lien quan din vi^e tinh phii hgp cua hing hda nhu giao hing khdng dung sd lugng, ehit lugng, thdi hgn hay dia didra; nhiing franh chip lidn quan din vi?c kilra tt-a va thdng bao vl chat lugng hang hda khdng phii hgp vdi hgp ddng la vin dd rit cin tiiilt Theo CISG, frong frudng hgp bdn ban giao hang hda khdng phii hgp vdi hgp ddng, didu niy ddng nghTa vdi vigc bdn bin da vi phgm nghTa vy cua minh bdn mua cd quydn ip dyng cie bi?n phip bao hg phip \^ cin tiiilt Do dd, doanh nghi?p Vi?t Nam cin frang bj cho mmh nhimg hieu bilt diy du lidn quan din quy djnh eiia CISG 1980, frong cd quy djnh hen quan den tinh phii hgp ciia hang hda (xie djnh tinh phii hgp ciia hang hda, nghTa vy kilm TAPCHi KHOA HOC BAI HOC VAN LANG tra hang hoa tttrac giao hang eho nguai van cliuycn va nghia VM thong bao eiia ben mua ve viec hang h6a khong phu hop voi hop dong ) la m siic can thik Mot so luu y duoc dua mng bai viit s8 giiip eac doanh nghiep Viet Nam giam thilu den miic thdp nhat nii ro ciia VO Th| Bich Hii Ih vi i ^ ^ minh Idii tham gia vao cae hop ddng mua ban hang hoa qu6c tS tir giai doan dam phan, g^/^ hgp d6ng dSn viee bao ve duoc quySn, loi ich hop phap cua minh niu phat sinh tranh chip va duoe giai quylt tranh chip tai co quan co thSm quyin TAI U%\S THAM KHAO [1] I i Tran Qu6e Cong (2017), Tinh phii hap ciia himg hoa theo Diiu 35 CISG 1980, Ky ylu Hoi Ihao khoa hpc quIc tl Thue tiln gia nhap eong udc Vien 1980 vl hop d6ng mua ban hang hoa quoc tl - Kinh nghiem cho Viet Nam dugc to chiic boi Dai hoc Binh Duong va Dai hoc Quoe gia Belarus [2] Nguyin Minh HSng, Pham H6 Hoang Long (2017), Viec ap dmg Biiu 38 va Biiu 39 CISG 1980 linh vuc thiiy san tren thi gicn va mQt s6 luu y cho doanh nghiep xuat nhap khdu thuy son Vi4tNam, Kinh tl DSi ngoai, s6 97 [3] Nguyin Hoang Thai Hy, Ng6 Nguyin Thao Vy (2017), Xac dinh thai han cua nghia vu kiim tra va thong bao vi sy: khong phii hap cua hang hoa theo CISG 1980, Ky ylu Hpi thao nghien ciiu Cong uoc Vien 1980 ve hpp dong mua ban hang hoa quoc tl - Trach nhiem phap ly vi pham hpp ding mua ban hang hoa qu6c tl to ehiie tai Trudng Dai hpc Lu§t Thanh H6 Chi Minh [4] Phan Nguyen Bao Ngpc (2017), Mot so vdn de ve hang hoa khong phii hap hop dong hap dong mua bdn hdng hod quoc te, Ky yeu Hpi thao khoa hpc quoc tl Thuc tien gia nhap cong uoc Vien 1980 ve hpp dong mua ban hang hoa quoe te - Kinh nghiem cho Viet Nara dupc to chirc boi Dgi hpc Binh Duong va Dai hpe Quoe gia Belarus [5] Dgi hpc Ngoai thuang (2015), Thue lien gidi thich Cong uac Vien ndm 1980 cua Lien Hiep Quoc vi Hi;fp dong mua bdn hdng hoa Quoc ti ve nghia vu kiem tra, thong bdo hang hoa khong pltii hcrp vd tien ldi chdm todn - Mot so liru y vdi doanh nghiep Viet Nam, Cong trinh du thi Giai thudng sinh vien nghiSn ciiu khoa hpc Eureka ISn thii XVII nam 2015 [6] Schwenzer, Ingeborg, Pascal Haehem, Christopher Kee (2012), Global Sales and Contract low, Oxford University Press [7] CISG (2012X Tranh chdp mua bdn cd kho dong lanh giOa Jabsheh Trading Est ciaTdyBcmNha (ben mua-nguyen dan) vd Ibereonsa cua Jordan (bin bdn - 6/d'oM), http://CISG 1980w3.law.pace.edu/CISG 1980/wais/db/cases2/O21OO3s4.html, truy C9p: 23-12-2019 [!] CISG (2014), Tranh chdp giOa Kingfisher Seafoods Limited v Comercial Eloy Rocio Mar SL, littp://CISG 1980w3.law.paee.edu/eases/071219s4.html, truy cap: 23-12-2019 [9] CISC (2014), Tranh chdp giOa Peseados J Gutierrez, S.L Port Said Export Fish, liltp://www.cisg.law.paee.edu/cisg/wais/ db/cases2/010912s4.html, truy cap 23-12-2019 [10] Woniptess (2010), So sdnh CISG 1980 vd Luat Thimg mgi 2005, https*wonipress.eomQ010/l 1/01/sosaAaSG1980-va-lu%El%BA%ADt-vi%El%BB%87t-nam/,ngaytiuy cap: 27-12-2019 Ngay nhjn bai: 05-5-2020 Ngay bien tap xong: 29-6-2020 Duyet dang: 24-7-2020 ... http:/ /CISG 1980w3.law.pace.edu /CISG 1980/ wais/db/cases2/O21OO3s4.html, truy C9p: 23-12-2019 [!] CISG (2014), Tranh chdp giOa Kingfisher Seafoods Limited v Comercial Eloy Rocio Mar SL, littp:/ /CISG. .. ti.26] Theo Didu 38.1 CISG 1980, "ben mua phdi kiim tra hdng hda hope bdo ddm da cd sy kiim tra hdng hda mpt th&i hgn ngan nhdt md thyc ti CO thi ldm dugc linh huong cif thi" Nhu viy, CISG 1980. .. tiong nude ciia Viet Nam v i didu ngirgc lgi vdi hgp ddng mua ban hang hda qudc te Diy cung chinh la vin dd doanh nghidp Vigt Nam can luu y, tranh trudng hgp doanh nghidp Vi§t Nam cd sy nhim lin