Trách nhiệm bồi thường thiệt hại trong kỷ nguyên trí tuệ nhân tạo

NHA NUOC VA PHAP LUAT TRACH NHIEM BOI THl/dNG THIET HAI TRONG KY NGUYEN TRI TUE NHAN TAO Dirong Qu^nh Hoa TS Vien Nha niftic va phap luat, Vien Han lam KHXH Viet Nam Thong tin bii viet: Tit khda: Tri tu? nhan t^o, trAch nhi^m phip I^, boi thudng thi^t hai Lfch su bdi viel Nhgnb^ 19/3/2020 Bien t^ip 22/3/2020 Duy^t bii 24/3/2020 Article Infomation: Keywords: Artificial intelligence, legalliability, compensations Article History: Received 19 Mar 2020 Edited 22 Mar 2020 Approved 24 Mar 2020 Tri tu? nhan t^o dang ngAy c^g tich h(;fp lien m?ch vio cugc song hing cua ngucri; tdc dgng dgn nhieu khia c^nh cua xa hpi vi cong nghi&p, tii kham pha khoa hpc, chim s6c siic khoe vi chin doan y te den chinh phii di?n tit, cac ph6 thong minh, linh vyc bin U, giao thong v^in tai, djnh gii Sy phit trien nhu vu bao ciia miy m6c ciing dong thai lam phit sinh mgt s6 thich thuc doi vcH xa h6i vi linh vyc phap ly, nhit li nhirng thich diirc trich nhi?m boi thutog lhi?t h^i, xie djnh chju trich nhi?m phdp ly, va d miic dp nio? Abstract: Artificial intelligence is being integrated into our everyday lives It also has a significant impact on many aspects of society and industry, from scientific exploration, healthcare and medical diagnostics to e-govemment, smart cities, the retail sector, transport, valuation The rapid development of machines raises a number of challenges to society and the legal field, which we have not been prepared to deal with Specially, the liability for compensation to damages, who responsible for legal liability, and to what extent? L Tii tu^ nhan tao - thdch thirc dat dii vdi phdp luat X6t tinh chat da dipn cua no, tri tue nhan tgo (Artificial Intelligence- AI) da cham din day du cac lmh vyc phdp Iy, tir Iinh vyc nhan quyin, lao dpng, hop ddng, bii thudng thiet hgi, den lmh vyc to tyng Mac dii thyc te, AI mdi chi bat dau trd nen phd bien nganh cdng nghi$p phap Iy' Truac het, AI ciing c6 the lam phdt sinh chii the cua tpi phgm mdi tuang Iai Trong mdt tuang Iai khdng xa, cd thi co nhirng dpt bien to ldn sy phdt trien ciia AI vdi nhiing co may cang co khd nang tu duy, tri tue, cdm xue vd hdnh dpng dpc lap, toan dipn hem ngudi, tham chi doi binh dang vdi ngudi Ciing phdi ke den mpt yeu td niia la tpi pham cong nghp cao, vi day la mpt nguy ca tiem an khap noi Neu tpi pham cong nghe cao tin cong vao hp thong AI, vao he thong dii Ii?u cdc co quan nha nude thi hdu qua se khon ludng Bdi vgy, qud trinh tien hdnh khai thdc thdnh Miller S (2017), Artificial intelligence and its impact on legal technology: to boldly go where no legal department has gone before Thompson Reuters; https://legal thomsom-euters.com/en/insights/articles/aiand-its-impacl-on-Iegal-technology NGHltN euu I I E S6 9(409) - T5/202oV_ L A P PHAP * ^ NHA NUOC VA PHAP LUAT tyu cua cdch mang cdng nghipp 4.0 va AI, chiing ta phdi no lyc iing phd vdi nhiing thdch thlic, moi de dpa ddt ra, dd cd phucmg dipn chinh sdch hmh sy^ Thu hai, vipc gia tdng sii dyng loT (internet of things) vd loS (internet of services) se Idm tang nguy ca xam phgm ddi tu, tin cong thong tm, an ninh mang \a nhirng van dl lien quan den trdch nhipm ciia ngudi sir dyng cdc san phdm ket ndi khong day hay cac phucmg tien khdng ngudi Idi, cdc nhdn cdng robot, se keo theo Id nhung van de phdi gidi quyet ve mgt phdp Iy, tinh hpp phdp ciia cac giao djch qua mgng bing todn bp hogc mpt phin ldn mdy mdc thay thi cho ngudi Ngodi ra, ddi hdi thiet ylu ciia vipc tri tinh toan v?n ciia qua trinh sdn xudt, trdnh cdc nii ro ve cdng n ^ p thongtin,nhiing yeu to se gay hdu qud xdu cho sdn xuat, doi hoi bdo vp bi quyet cdng nghi?p, ^ Thir ba, lien quan den bang sdng che vd chat lupng bang sdng che'' Interact van vdt (loT) phy thupc vdo giao tiep giua hai hodc nhieu ddi tupng thdng minh va ngudi tieu diing vd thdch tinic la lipu ngudi phdt minh mpt so logi iing dyng loT ndo cd the vupt qua bdi kiem tra de dii dieu kipn cap bing sdng chl hay khdn^? Nga\ ca hO cd dupc bdng sdng chl ve cdc phuong pnap va giao thiic mdi, cdc bdng sdng che v cd thi rit khd ching Igi nhtmg vi phgm cua nhieu ngudi* Thi> tu, vipc thutiigpva phdntichdir li?u dang lan rpng din tti cdc cdng ty V^an mem sang cdc cong ty sdn xuat, hp da bat diu khaitiidccdc khd nang phdt sinhtiivi^c tiiutiigpva khai tiidc du lipu tiim nang, de COtilltgo gid tri gia tdngS nhimg vy "ti-an dii lipu" da dgt nhihig Io nggi khdc vl mgt phdp ly Ngudi ta cho rang, dii lipu da trd tiianh nguyen lipu ddu vao can thilt ciia cdng ngh| AI, giiip AI hpc dupc cdch tu cua ngudi, cho ket qud cao hon tu ngudi, tao nguon gid hi kinh tl va xa hdi mdi to Idn^ Big Data da dupc xdc djnh la "dilu Idn laotieptheo sy dii mdi"^, hay Id "md hinh thir tu cua khoa hpc"' Tuy nhien, nhihig ngudi co cmyen su dyng dii lipu ndy dat cdu h6i rang, dii lipu cd the dupc giao dich hay khong va neu cd thi quy djnh ndo se dp dyng cho dilu De ngdn chan sy suy gidm nen kinh te va ddi mdi dii Ueu, cdn cd quy dinh thdng minh de thiet Idp sy can bang giua vi$c su dung dii lipu co lpi vd bdo v8 quyin Xem https://viettimes.vn/tri-me-nhan-tao-va-nhung-van-de-dat-r -voi-phap-luat-va-quyen-con-nguoi355220 html, truy cip 13/2/2020 15/3/2020 Robinson WK (2015b) Patent law challenges for the internet of things Wake For J Bus Intellert Pmn T =.,., 15(4).p.658 i-ii-ropi.aw Robinson WK (2015a), Economic theory, divided infiingement and enforcmg interactive natent-j Pi^ T O , Rev 67, p 1961 ^ "t^,riaLaw Bessis N Etobre C (2014) Big data and interoet of things: a roadmap for smart environments Snrino International Publishmg Switzerland, Basel, Opresnik D, Taisch M (2015), The value of Bi'p n ^ • sen-itization Int J Prod Econ 165, p.l74 htips://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2014.12.036 truv can 4° 13,2/2020; Opresnik D va cac tac gii (2013) Information-the hidden value of servitization In' prahh v Taisch M Kiritsis D (eds) Advances in production management systems, sustainable production anH Z^- ' supply chains Spnnger, Berlin Heidelbe^, pp 49-56 •'na service Polonetsky J Tene O (2012), Privacy in the age of big data: a time for big decisions, Stanf Law RPU n ,• 64,p.63 '^'=vunhne Gobble MM (2013), Big data: the next big thing in innovation, Res-Technol Manag 56(1), p,64 Stiawn GO (2012) Scientificresearch:how many paradigms? EDUCAUSE Rev 47(3), p.26 CUU / 16 NOHllN t A P P H A P ^ 86 9(409)-15/2020 NHA NUOC VA PHAP LUAT rieng nr khong phan bi^t doi xii va cdc gia tii hpp phdp khdc dupc bdo ve Viectiiuthdp cdc tgp dii lipu ldn vd sd dyng cdc phan tich dir lipu hipn dgi cho thiy mdi de dpa rd rdng ddi vdi vipc bdo vp cdc quyen ca bdn cua cong dan, bao gom quyin rieng tu'*' Trong nhieu trudng hpp, cd nhung ngudi san sdng bit chip khdng gianriengtu cua ngudi khdc de chiem dogt nhimg du lipu cd nhan Thic ndm, cong nghp thdng tin va truyen thong dang thay doi vai tro ciia ngudi tieu diing "tii CO lgp sang kit ndi, tii khong biet den biit, tii thy dpng sang tich eye"" Qud trinh ndy doi ciing dupc gpi Id "sd hoa" cua ngudi tieu diing'^, mpi ngudi cang cd the de ddng sii dyng cdc dich vy ky thuat so Cdc thi hp trfe ldn len vdi ky thudt sd h6a vd luon di dau vipc dp dyng cong nghp mdi Dieu co nghia Id cdc gid djnh truyin thing lugt bdo vp quyin Ipi ngudi tieu diing rang ngudi tieu dung khdng hieu biit va dd yeu cau sy bdo vp phdp Iy d§c bipt khong c6n diing niia Tuy nhien, sy tiiay doi nhanh din miic cac thi h$ "tien Internet" hau nhu khdng theo kip de thich ing, cdc phuang thuc san xuat mdi ciing se mang den nhiing moi nguy hiem mdi cho ngudi tieu dung Vi vgy, lugt bdo ve quyen lpi ngudi tieu diing phdi thich nghi vdi nhirng thach thiic mdi Thu sdu, chinh sdch thue ciing se ddng mpt vai tro rat quan trpng thdi dai cua cdc doi tupng thong minh Trong thdi dgi hipn nay, chi phi danh cho lao dpng ciia ngudi dang ngdy cdng tang Ien Do dd, lao dpng cua mdy moc noi chung va tri tue nhan tgo n6i rieng se c6 xu hudng thay the lao dpng ciia ngudi Khi ty dpng hda thay the ngudi, so lupng lao dpng du thira se tang len ngoai tdc dpng yl kinh tl, sy bat binh dang xa hdi Id van de ddng dupc quan tdm Vi phin ldn cdc khodn thu thul hipn cd ngudn gdc tu lao dpng ngudi, cac cdng ty se trdnh vipc npp thul bang cdch tdng ty dpng hda Do ngudi ta cho rdng, robot tri tup nhan tgo kh6ng phdi Id doi tupng phai npp thue cao, mpt so hmh thiic thue ddnh eho ty ddng hoa se dupc dua de thay the cho thue ciia ngudi lao dpng Ngodi nhung thdch thiic kl tren, vin dl quan trpng raa chiing toi de cap Id thdch thlic phap Iy lien quan den phdp lugt boi thudng thipt hgi doi vdi cdc doi tupng thong minh Luat boi thudng thipt hgi chuyen gdnh ngng mat mat tir ben bi thiet hai sang ben co ldi hogc ben phii hpp hon de chju gdnh ngng mat mdt Thong thudng, mpt ben tim cdch khdc phyc thipt hgi bang cdch yeu cau boi thudng thipt hgi dudi hinh thiic boi thudng bang tien Tinh chdt da dien ciia tri tup nhdn tgo tgo thdch thirc ITnh vyc dieu chinh phdp lugt ve trdch nhiem boi thudng thipt hai cdc vat the thong minh gdy Khd ndng tich liiy kinh nghiem va ty hpc hoi, cQng nhu khd nang hdnh dpng dpc lap vd dua quyet djnh rieng, tgo nhimg dieu ki?n cho Ai lam phat sinh thiet hai Han niia, su bien cua AI xa hpi co nghia la ngdy cang nhieu ngudi sir dung AI, khd nang vi pham phdp ludt cang cao Su phdt trien cua AI vd vipc sir dung thuc te AI cang nhieu doi hoi phai thay doi quy dinh phap luat, chang han nhu cin phdi co cau lai he thong phdp ludt NIU tri tue nhan tao (robot tri tue nhan tgo) dupc tao giong nhu ngudi la co suy nghi vd cam xiic, thi phap luat phai dupc Brkan M (2015), Data protection and european pnvate international law SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2631116 Social Science Research Network, Rochester; Lynskey O (2014), Deconstructing data protection: the 'added-value' of arightto data protection in the EU legal order, Int Comp Law Q 63(03), pp.569-597 Prahalad CK, Ramaswamy V (2004), 'Co-creating unique value with customers' Strategy Leadersh 32(3), pp 4-9; https://doi.org/10.1108/10878570410699249 truy cap 15/2/2020 Maenpaa R, Korhonen SJJ (2015), Digitalization in retail: the impact on competition, In: Colin va cac tac gia (ed.) Vol Ttansition: IT Leadership in Transition, Aalto University Helsinki, pp.89-102 NOHltN CUU S6 9(409)-T5/2020V_IAP P H A P 17 NHA NUOC VA PHAP LUAT thay doi de ma hda vai tro cua robot xa hpi'\ Dieu d6 cd nghia Id cac nhd ldm lugt phai xem xet khuon khd phdp !y hipn co yd sua ddi, bd sung cho thich ung vdi nhu cdu thay doi ciia xa hpi Mac du hogt dpng ciia AI chua dupc phap lugt quy djnh cy the nhimg chiing ta van phdi giai quyet van de udch nhiem doi vdi cdc thipt hgi hdnh dpng ciia AI gdy Theo quy djnh hipn hdnh cdctiiipthai gay bdi hdnh dpn^ bit hpp phdp ciia ngudi khdc phai dupc boi thudng Van de chinh Id cho din thdi dilm hipn tai, cac quy djnh hien ndy khdng cdng nhdn AI Id mpt chii the ciia phdp lugt Dilu c6 nghia Id AI khdng the chju trdch nhipm cd nhdn ve nhimgtiiipthgi md no gay Vi vgy, mpt logt cau hoi dupc d$t ra; se phdi chju trach nhiem cho nhiing thipt hgi hdnh dpng ciia tri tu? nhan tgo gay ra? AI c6 khd nang gay nguy hiem va cd the gay thi?t hgi khong? AI co the chju trdch nhipm cho hdnh dpng ciia mmh hay khdng? Cdc quy dinh cua phdp ludt dupc sir dpng vipc xdc djnh cac trudng hpp boi thudng thipt hgi AI gay Id gi? Luat boi thirdng thift hai - quy tdc dp dyng doi vdi trdch nhipm phdp ly va an todn san pham/djch vu Theo hpc gid Abbott, vipc boi thudng thipt hai cua robot dya tren quan diem cho rang may moc se an todn hoac it nhdt Id co khd nang an toan han so vdi ngwoi Mgc dii cd nhieu bdng chiing cdc vy tir vong lien quan den phin mim xe ty ldi Tesla, nhung nhin chung, ngudi ta \an cho rang xe n^ ldi gdy tai ngn it hon so vdi ^S^^ ldi xe, cd khodng 94% cdc vy tai ngn hen quan din loi ciia ngudi'* Han niia, loi^y tl Id mpt nhimg nguyen nhdn hdng dau gdy tii vong'^ Do dd, cdc hp tiling tri tu? nhdn tgo, nhu Watson ctia IBM", phan tich hi sa bpnh an vd dilu tri cho b?iih nhan khong cin phdi hoan thipn dl tang cudng sy an todn thi ciing da tot hon so vdi ngudi Mac dii hipn nay, cdc nhd san xuit vd tiiilt ke robot luon tgp vung vdo viec hodn tiiipn h?tiiongcua hp dl co dOtincgy 100% ldm cho vin dk tiich nhipm khdng phdi Id van dl ddng phdi Io ling'^ Tuy nhien, van cd kha ndng sdy cdc van de phdt sinh lien quan den dp an todn cdc he thong ty dpng Cong ngh? robot co thi thit bgi Idi vd y hogc thilt kl, dan din thiet hai tdi san, thucmg tich hogc tmh mgng" Trong trudng hpp nay, lu^t trdch nhipm san pham tniyen thong se dupc dp dyng, co nghia Id nha san xuat se phdi chju trach nhiem mpt bp phan cua robot bj true trac Ciing co nhiing trudng hpp tinh den Idi cua nha san xuat hoac loi cua cd nhan tiep quan chiec xe^° NIU giam thieu tai nan thyc tl Id m^t ti-ong nhiing vin de trpng tam cin quan tam, Richard C Sherman (1998), 'The Surge of Artificial Intelligence: Time To Re-examine Ourselves, Implications: Why Create Artificial Intelligence?', http://www.umts.muohio.edu/psybersite/ cyberepace/aisurge/ implications.shtml, truy cap ngiy 20/2/2020 Abbott R (2018) The reasonable computer disrupting the paradigm of tort liability, Geo Wash L Rev 86, p I S i n ^ S (2015) Critical reasons for crashes investigated in the national motor vehicle crash causation survev US Department of Transportation, https://crashstats.nhtsa.dot.gov/Api/PubLc/ViewPublication/81211S im., c4pngay 15/2/2020 "D.truy Kohn LT, Corrigan J, Donaldson MS (2000) To err is human: building a safer health system, National Academy Press, Washington, DC www.nap.edu/catalog/9728.html, truy cap ngiy 13/2/2020 Watson la mgt chuong trinli phan mem tri m? nhan tao IBM phat trien vcri myc dich dua loi din cho cac cau hoi dugt neu len bang ngon ngir ty nhien Chuong triim dygc dat ten ciia nha sang lap cono ty IBM la Thomas J Watson, Watson dang du(;rc phit trien nhu mpt phan ciia dy an nghien cim mane te DcepQA Kirkpatrick K.(2013), Legal issues with robots, Commun ACM 56(11), pp 17-19, https:/doiorgTO.1145 25:4713 2524-20, truy cap ngiy 15/2/2020 HilgendorfE (2014), Robotik im Kontext von Recht und Moral Nomos Verlagsges, p.27 CUU 18 HaHllN LAP PHAP _/ S4 9{409) - T5Q020 NHA NUOC VA PHAP LUAT thi myc dich chinh cua lugt boi tiiudng thiet hgi Id cin dilu chmh cdc tieu chuin vl trdch nhipm boi thudng trudng hpp thipt hai gay bdi cac vgt the thong minh theo hudng luat khuyin khich dau tu vao tri tue nhan tgo dl tang sy an todn cho ngudi Hiu hit cdc thuang tich ma ngudi gdy diu Id bat can Vi vgy, hp se phdi chju trdch nhipm boi thudng co nhihig "hdnh vi khong hpp Iy" Khi mdy tinh gdy thuang tich tucmg ty thi se dp dyng tieu chudn ve trdch nhipm nghiem ngdt, cd nghia Id khdng xem x6t din yeu to loi vipc gdy thipt hgi Ben bj thipt hai khong phai chi loi hogc sy bat can cua nha sdn xuit md chi cin chi sdn phim c6 khuyet tat vd gay nguy hiem khong hpp Iy dupc sir dyng theo cdch thuc thong thudng vd co the dy Hpu dupc Tuy nhien, vipc yeu cau nhd sdn xuat phdi boi thudng vi trach nhipm nghiem ngdt nhu the ndy, dong nghia vdi vipc khong khuyen khich ty dpng hoa Bdi vi, nhd sdn xuit hogc chii sd hihi phdi chju trdch nhipm vl cdc doi tupmg dupc dilu khien bang tri tup nhan tao Idn han so vdi sy dieu khiln cua ngudi Vi trdch nhipm phdp ly ddi vdi san pham la trdch nhipm nghiSm ngat, khong phu thupc vdo 16i, hoat dpng cua ngudi dupc ludng theo tieu chuan ciia "mpt ngudi hpp ly", co y kien cho rang, de khuyen khich ty dpng hoa va cai thipn an todn hem nua, can phdi ap dyng bien phdp boi thudng thipt hgi doi vdi tri tue nhan tao nhu mpt ngudi han la mpt san pham Do do, ty dpng hoa va so hoa nham cai thien sy an toan, cac doi tupng thdng minh can dupc ddnh gid theo tieu chudn sa suit, bit can thay v\ tieu chudn frdch nhipm nghiem ngat va xdc djnh trdch nhipm dii vdi thiet hai Ilic se dupc so sdnh vdi "mpt ngudi hop ly"^' Ben canh do, ciing co nhieu y kiln co suy cho viec dp dyng trdch nhiem nghiem ngat doi vdi cdc vdt the thdng minh, yeu ciu md rpng phgm vi cdc ehiitiiephdi chju trdch nhipm - tii nha sdn xudt, nha phan phdi, ngudi ban, tham chi cd nhd cung cap vien thong Vi dy, d Lien minh chdu Au, Chi thj Trdch nhiem san phim (85/374/EEC) khong dp dyng ddi vdi hang hda vd hinh, dich vy khdng day du, tu van bat can, chan dodn sai vd thdng tin sai sdt Tuy nhien, dieu quan trpng la neu thiet hgi xdy mpt sdn phim dupc sii dyng dich vy bj loi thi no se van dupc dp dyng theo Chi thi Trdch nhiem sdn phdm^-, quy dinh kiem tra trdch nhipm nghiem ngdt Do do, nhieu hdnh vi ciia robot se nam phgm vi ciia Chi thj nay, bao gdm cd phan mem dupc liru trii tren phucmg tien hiiu hinh Dieu co nghTa Id trudng hpp xe to cua ngudi tieu diing gay tai nan phan mem bj tryc trgc, hogc benh nhan sii dung sai lieu lupng phong xa ma nguyen nhdn la true trac phan mem ddnh cho ngudi tieu diing thi hp cd the dua khilu nai theo Chi thj Trach nhiem sdn phdm doi vdi nhd san xuat phan mem^-' Tuy nhien, phin mem duoc cung cap qua Internet (dupc gpi Id phan mem khong nhiing), cac khiem khuyet tiem an khong nim pham vi ciia Chi thi ndy vd cdn co mpt chi thi cu the ve trach nhi?m ciia cac nhd cung cap npi dung so Schellekens M (2015), Self-driving cars and die chilling effect of liability law, Comput Law Secur Rev: Int J Technol Law Pract 31, pp 506-517; https://doi.Org/10.10I6/j.clsr.2015.05 012 Abbott R (2018), The reasonable computer: disrupting the paradigm of tort liability, Geo Wash L Rev 86, p Grubb A, Howells GG (2007), The law of product liability, Butterworths, Oxford Wuyts D (2014), The product liability directive-more than two decades of defective products in Europe, J Eur Tort Law 5(1), p 5; https://doi.oig/I0.1515/jetl-2014-0001, truy cap 15/2/2020 NGHltN CUU I i n S6 9(409)-T5/2020V_LAP PHAP NHA NUOC VA PHAP LUAT Thyc te cho tha\ ddi tupng thong minh cdng ty chil thi chiing cdng it dupc coi la cdng cy dan gian tay cac chii the k h a c " va vipc quy djnh nghiem nggt qua raiic, mong dpi sy hodn hdo thay vi cd the chap nhgn nhimg hdnh vi robot co the khong khuyen khich cdc nhd sdn xuat ddu tu tien vdo vipc ddi mdi, chdng hgn nhu xe ty Idi, mdy bay khong ngudi ldi va may ty dpng^ Do vipc ban hdnh cdc quy djnh thdng minh Id rdt cin thiet Trong cdc doi tupng thong minh dang bit chudc cong vipc ciia ngudi, rapt cau hoi ciing dupc dgt Id Ii?u robot c6 dupc quyin kipn, bj kipn vd ciing dupc tham gia vdi tu each la nhdn chiing cho myc dich chirng cu hay khong? Hipn tgi khong thi kipn mpt robot vi chimg dupc coi Id tai sdn Cdc d i i tupng thdng minh khong c6 W cdch chii till phdp ly va chua dupc stia dot d l CO thi kipn hodc bj kipn N I U robot gay hgi, ben bj thuang phdi kipn chu nhan cua nd Tuy nhien, so sdnh robot v6\ cac cong ty, cdc c6ng ty ciing khong dupc coi la cdc tiiyc thi phdp Iy rieng bi^t vcri chu sd hiiu la ngudi mpt thdi gian ddi ljch sd^'* Tuy nhi^n, theo tiidi gian, cdc nha lgp phdp da tii bd mo hinh coi cdc cong ty chi la tdi san va trao cho chiing mpt tu cdch nhan tgo dpc lgp (phdp nhdn) cho phep chiing kipn vd bj kipn Do do, doi vdi cdc robot, no se cdn phdi dupc thiet Igp tu cdch chii the nhu vdy^' • European Commission (2014), European Commission calls for tough standards to regulate civil drones Press Release IP-14-384, 8/4/2014, p.59; http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-I4-384_en.htm, truy cap ngiy 15/2/2020 Richards NM, Smart W (2013), How should the law think about robots?, http://papers.ssm.com/ sol3/papers.cfin?abstract id=2263363, truy cgp ngiy 16/2/2020; Chopra S, White LF (2011), A legal theory for autonomous artificiafagents University of Michigan Press, Michigan Abbott R, Sarch AF (2019), Punishing artificial intelligence: legalfictionor science fiction Michalski R (2018), How to sue a robot, Utah Law Rev 2018(5), p.3 BIEN PHAP TV PHAP fliep Iheo trang 14) tien hdnh tnmg cau gidm djnh tam thin hogc gidm dinh phdp y neu c6 nghi ngd ngudi bi to gidc khdng c6 nang lyc trach nhiem hinh sy Neu ket qua gidm djnh Id ngudi da mac b?nh tam than, hoac mpt b?nh khdc dan den khong cd khd nang nhan thiic, khong c6 khd nang dieu khien hdnh vi thi khong co bit ky mpt cdn cii phdp ly ndo de dp dyng bien phap bdt bupc chiia bpnh doi vdi ngudi H? qud la ngudi vdn hang ngdy sdng chung vdi cpng dong vd co the gay nguy hiem cho xa hpi bdt cu liic ndo Ddy la mpt khoang tring phdp lugt can phai sdm khdc phyc dl tgo thugn lpi cho thyc tien hogt dpng o n I NOHltN cuu / '** j A P PHAP _ / s 9{409)-75/2020 dp dyng phdp luat cua cac co quan tien hdnh td tung va bao dam an toan cho cupc s i n g chung eua cpng d i n g Chung toi cho ring, trudng hpp ndy, can trao cho Vien kiem sat nhan dan quyen dp dung bi?n phap bat bupc chiia benh kiem sat viec gidi quyet tin bdo to gidc tpi phgm Viec trao thdm quyen ndy cho Vipn kiem sdt nhan dan la phii hpp vdi khoan Dieu Luat T6 chirc Vi?n kiem sdt nhan ddn nam 2014 Theo mpt cdc nhipm vy ciia Vi?n kilm sat nhan dan dd la bao ve quyen ngucri vd quyen cdng ddn, bdo vp quyen vd Ipi ich hpn phap ciia cd nhan, to chuc • ... mdi de dpa rd rdng ddi vdi vipc bdo vp cdc quyen ca bdn cua cong dan, bao gom quyin rieng tu'*' Trong nhieu trudng hpp, cd nhung ngudi san sdng bit chip khdng gianriengtu cua ngudi khdc de chiem... chinh sdch thue ciing se ddng mpt vai tro rat quan trpng thdi dai cua cdc doi tupng thong minh Trong thdi dgi hipn nay, chi phi danh cho lao dpng ciia ngudi dang ngdy cdng tang Ien Do dd, lao... robot co thi thit bgi Idi vd y hogc thilt kl, dan din thiet hai tdi san, thucmg tich hogc tmh mgng" Trong trudng hpp nay, lu^t trdch nhipm san pham tniyen thong se dupc dp dyng, co nghia Id nha san