Bất khả kháng và nghĩa vụ hoàn trả tài sản

THUC TIEN PHAP LUAT BAT KHA KHANG VA NGHIA VU HOAN TTIA TAI S A N NgA Qu6c Chiin • ' PQ5 T^ QAi*i vi^n Tmdng Etii hac N ^ i (riUtki^ rhdDi; nn tiii viii; li/hhof ailWlikhinn, r.gblflviihnan Iri, mien uich nhJTin, Ucl\iiili^lvl^ Nhdab^l Bi^ljp [>j)'f hai : lft'(Hl,'?0?0 :?i/U4?y:io 2J,'XU,'?020 Article In Fnniddcini Kei "^"ff- l^crctc inflffiire, obligacion i^f rcalhulion, nhcinplion of civil hshililv ^"iirf^ Hislory BEcnvcd Ifit^ar 2020 EdilnJ , 21flpc,2020 Appnivcd 73 Ape MZO flic Iha kbini la nijr'mng nhitng tia cIr iT.icn (rach nhiim dan sv ihbi OA b ^ c^ nfhJi vv khong the thyc h i ^ duQC nghia va da minh ^ay IB rnol hoan canh khich quan, kh^ng du hia dir^ >a khong Ihe lihic phi>c dugc da d^ nfi ^ h^l nSn^ AlbcQ CO nghta vii d£h khflng phii chiu Irich ilhi^ dAl v^ vi^r khnns Ihijc hi^n nghia v\i f ila rninh f^ li^i dfii m IA bdi khfi khin) C^ phili 1^ n^ojY^n IM chung, ^p dung iJio mui qoqn he Oiin^y^ Lii^ n£u;^cn lac co oh ung ngoai 1^ nung moi EO IO&I quan b^ cu Ihc'' Bai viel khong nhim pban bob IhE nio la bii kha khang mi 1^ Hung nghi^a cim s\j ki^n bSl lihi khin^ cb duyn nni li dn dr nlln Iridi n h i ^ Imng cic I'^i h ^ d ^ s inih^difli hjn m^i bf n |ihii iiilai cii Kin cha b ^ tia Abinael: VHK^ rnfli v(ri hyp ddng Uiui khyan lii sin, cham dm hyp ddng thuc khoin, bin ihui khoan ' pbil tra l^i lii fin Ihue khoin d linh Uang phu hyp vdi miic dy khau hao di diyi diuln"" Trong hyp dfing muon tii -^kit ben muyn ' ^ i i tid l^i lii sin hii ihoi h ^ mupn hojc myc dleh uiuyn iTa dgt dupe"" Bin muyn iji sin phii "Ua lai lii sin muyn diing ihdi han; niu khfing cd thoi ihufln ve ihiVi hgn lra lgi lai sin thi ben muyn phii lei igi Eai sin sau mi^ dieh muyn da d^it duye" '*r TuDi^ ty, tnmg hyp dong gui giil Oi sin, 'Iren giQ nhjn lar i;in CI1:L bin gUi dc bio quin vi tra ]^\ chinh lii san dd cho bin giii hel thdi hgn hop ddng'"' Niu khflng ef> ihoj ihuim khic, ben gilj phil ni l^i ehinh lii san da nhgn vi ci hoa lyi niu co lai mii gin giit Ihco dung Ihdi bgn'^ Do cie hyp dfing niu Uen deu li la cic hpp dong lim pbil smh ngliia vy dan sy vi di bicL hit khing cii lhi duijc dung lam can Cli mien Uach nhipm ddi vdi hinh vi vi phym nghia vu pbil smh lueic hyp dflng dd hay khdng lhi cd die ip dung quy djnh chung vi [lach nhi^m din su, Cy lhi, khyin Diiu 351 BLDS nam20l5quy dmh'''Frudnghyp ben cd n ^ a vy kbdng ihyc hifln dung nghTnl vu ^u kl^n bii kha khang lhi khdng phai ch]u nich nhiem din ay, trfl trmmg hyp cd Ihoi ihuin khie hyicphap luji cdquy dinh khic" luy nhien, quy dinh niy dc cgp tdi Khoan IBi^L 47 LuBlD^anjnfim::ai4 h ^ e kl»an7Diiu 14? LuJi H^n^ h h ^ cl4n dun^ nam 2014, DEcm b kheJn l>i^u IbSLugl Hing khnngdin dime ndm 2014 KbMn IDicn4ISIBLD£ilim20li, Dieu491BLDSnani2DlS Qi^'144 BLDS nam 201^ KhniiiJDicu4%BLDSnim7niS E>ieii5S4BLDSnim2Ul5, Eiiu i59 BLDS nam 2015, HAHlFH euu 5fiaiai3ah-T*iJli;D\_lAP P M A P 53 THUC TIEN PHAP LUAT n ^ i a vu din sy noi chiing, chu khong phii mfll ngbia vu din sy cy l h i nic^, nin khdng du rd de chung la lra Idi duyc ciu hdi hat k h i khing cd l h i duye sii dyng tim can cil mien trich nhipm ddi vdi banh vi vi phgm moi nghia vy phir iinh ni hyp dong uong dd cd ngbia vy lra lai t i i ^in luy kbdng, Vl vjy, cio u i ldi can duye tun Uong chinh cac che djnh lien quan din C2C hop dong chuyin bipl niy Chung tdi fliiy ring, lit c i cic cbi d|nh Erin deu quy dmh v i ngbia vy t r i Ifli t i i ^.^n nhung khdng quy djnh irudug hyp tmen irieh nhiem ben cd nghia vy hoan ua khdng thyc hiin ngbia vy Ciia minh ChJ ciing doi vdi hyp dfing diui klioin [fll sfln v i hyp dfing giii giu l i i sin dii BLD5cdquyd[nhvc bal k b i khang Doi vifti hyp dfing thue khoan l i i sin B l DS quy dinh vc bal khang nhung quy dpih liiy chl bin quan dcn giim tien Ihui khoin C\i Ihi, vific giim liin thue khoin cac ben •hda thujn v i niu cic hin khdng cd thda ihugn v i ncu hoa lyi, lyi liic b| m j l h nhil l i mpl phin ba sy kicn bal k h i khing thi hin fiiui klioan cd quyen yen cau giam hojc miin liin fliui klioin'^ Trudiig hyp dfii lUyng cua ihui khoin l i gia sjc lhi ining rtidi han ihuc khoin gia sue, ben ihuc khoin dupc hirong mpl nira so gia sue sinh va pliai ch|u myt nua ihipt h^i ve gia siie diui kboan sy kipn bal kha khang^ Dfli vfii hipp dong gui giii lai sin, BLDS c^ quy dmh v i b i i k h i khang nhmig chi bin quan dcn m i ^ trach nhiim bfii diuflng Ihiel hai uong iTudng hyp, lai sin gin giUbj mat hogc hi hu hdng hji k h i khing- cu the, ben giti l i i sincd quycn "ycu ciu bfii ihudng i h i i l hai niu bin giu l i m m i l , hu bdng lai sin giii giir, Uir Irudng hpp bal khakhane"-' Vi vjy^ cd tbi Ihiy, eac quy d|nh ve bit k h i khang Uong hyp dflng dme khoan elu ap diin^ ddi viie dieu chmh cic nghia vu phai smh lir ihfia Uiu j n cua cac bin khfing i p dung doi 14 Khnin H Eli^ii 4^1^ BLDS aim 201^ 20 E).^49l BLDS Hill "iaiS l l kbojn?Fhcu 55^ BLDS n.im :ill^ » M«HllH ( l i b , L A P PHAP '^ei'eei T' XX vfii nghia vy hoin t r i v i n l i nchla vy ' ' ^ dinb Doi vol hop ddng thuc khoin bal ^ khing cbi la cln eu m i l n rjch nhiim ^" diyflug chipi bgi Cd Ehi Ihiy ring, kbi phap lugl ':'il fy dmh mi^n trich nhi^m ucmg cic nnh bu^nE cy the (giim t i i n rhue khoin, giim sd gia sue duyng hutmg Uung hyp ding rhui khoin va miln Uich nhiem boi ttiudng u o " ^ hyp^dcmg giti gii^ t i l t i n ) , dicu n i y cfl nghia l i bat kha khang ^c khdng duyc diing d i l i m c3n cu mi^n hach nhi^m d^i vdi cac nghia vv IJiie, Tuy nhicn, viie n i y kbfing d i i thyc hi^n dupc doi vol nhihig hyp dfing m i lufll h o ^ loin khdng efi quy d|nb v i b i i k h i k l i j n g dfli vfij nhflng ngbia vii cy I b i p h i l sinh Pi cic hop ddng ay (hyp dong vay Eai sin, hpp dfltig Ihufl l i i «n^ hyp dong muyn l i i ^in ( Theo chiing ldi, can phin bi^t hai loai ngbia vy cd Ihc phit sinh tir eac hyp dong Uin, L^iai nghia vy thii n h i l l i nj^hia vu m i cic ben thda thuin lam phdt sinh uong quan hfl cila mmh Chang hgn, ddi vdi hyp dflng [hue l i i sin, cic ben co l h i ihfia lliujn l i m phit sinh nghta vu giao lai s i n gL, so lupng, chung loai, Uioi gian, tien Ihui, thdi lian y^ lien thuc, phuong thiie lhanh toin Logi nghia vy Ihii hai lingh'ia vu Lull dpih m i C ^ bin khfing t b i dinh dy^l khac v i n i u cac ben dyih doai khie Uil 8c lira mal dl bin chit cila quan he hyp dflng dd Nghta vy hoin U'i lai sin ihupe logi thir hai Nfii cieh khae, ncu ching hgn hyp dfing muyy rai sin m J cic bin dida ibujn bin muyn l i i ^in khfing phai U i l i i t i l san cliy ben eho muon [hi hyp ddng khdng l i hyp dflng'muyn l i i ^in ni?a, ma cd ihe se tru ihinh hop dong tgng cho l i l Ran Dfli vfii loai nghia vu ihu niiai, b i | k h i khang ed the duyc ^il dijng lam cin cii mien Irich nhiim dfli vdi hanh vi vi phan,- ^dn ddi voi loai nghia vu thu hai, raacy i h l IJ nghia THVC TIEN PHAP LUAT VM hoin ua b i t k h i khing khdng l h i duyc sir dyng l i m cin cii mien trach nhijm Tda io d mfii sd nufi'C eung d i quyel dmh theo hudng n i y Cy ttii Uong myi Uanh chjp Uin quan din nghia vy ba ny ciia ngudi hio l i n h thav cho i^u&i dyye bao lanh, Tfia i n Toi cao Phip da quyil djnh rang b i t kha khang khdng duyc coi l i can eic mien nghia vu i r i ny Cy l h i , ngudi vay khdng Ihyc h i ^ duyc nghta vu u i ny nin ngan hing gpi bio linh va y i u cau ngudi bio l^nh thyc hifin n^iia vu "m ny ihay cho ngudi m i minh bin linh Ngudi bao lanh vi^n ilan icuyng byp b i i kha k h i n g t h e o q u y d j n h i e i D i i u l l f i BLDS f hip'^ Van de giy rranh c i i iV d i y khdng phii vi£c ngufii b i o l i n h bj i m ' ' din raiie kbdng Uiye hijn duyc ngbia vu tm ny m i sy kiin bit k h i khang dd cd the duyc coi l i can Cli mi^n uich nhipm hay khdng, Tda i n Tfii eao Phip cho ring "ngudi c^ nghia vu t r i tnpi khoin nen Lbco hyp J^flng nbyng khflng thyc hi^n nghia vy cia minh khfing d i i duyc mien irich nhijm dfii vfii hinh VI vi phain niy kiea klii bl b i t klia khing'"" 3, Kk l u i n \H lihuyin nghj Cbung ldi cho rang, cic quy djnh ve bal khang Uong phip lu^l din sy Vipl Nam, ngoii sy bit hyp ly vc vj tri (d^t lgi quy djnh v i Ihdi hipu) cdn chua ihyc ^y tv lang d i kliing_djnh bSl kha khing cd duyc col l i ein Cli miin nghia vu hyin i r i hay khfing Vl vay, ein sira d^i RLDS n i m 2015 theo hudng b i sung quy dinh djnh nghia the nao l i hat kha khing va dal o phan ehung de ap d^mg cho l o i n hd eie quan hp tu Tren co sd dd, can bo sung quy djnh ve cin cii mien trich nhipm doi vdi hanh vi vi pbgm hing Joui nghta vy cy the, Chiing ldi cho ring, quy djnh cua khoin Dicu 351 BLDS nim 2015 ehua d i dc khar^ dinh bat k h i khing cfi l h i dyiiie dling l i m c i n cir mien trach rdiiim doi vdi myi hinb vl vi phjra n ^ a vy phal sinh lii hyp dfing hay khfing; b j l Wli khing chi ndn duyc diing lam oin eii miin Irieh nhiim ^inb vie h i n qui m i hanh vi vi pham gayra ma thdi, chii khdng the duyc dung dc mien thyc hipn ngh'ia vu H i t k h i khang chi nindicyc coi l i fly k i i n m i i n trach nhiini ^u kiin dd ngin can hoan loin kha ning thyc hipn nghta vy c i tiong thdi gian >Liy sy kipn b i i k h i khing ^au dd, E>fii vyi nghia vy hy^i u i i i i iin die bi^l l i hoan Ua [icn vay bal k b i khang ehi ngin ean ngudi c6 nghTa vu hoin u i Ihyc hipn ngbia vy eiia minh ti'ong ihdi gum xay sy kiin bal klia khang ma ihdi, Sau hel khoing ihdi gian \ i y ru f,u k i i n baE kha khing, ngufii efi nghTa vu v5n cd flii thyc hifin duyc nghia vy hoan u i lai sin eua mInb (ebi uir irudng hyp nguin dd bj pha san( v i vi v j ^ , b i t kha khang chi cd the duyc 5ic