Quyền con người trong đại dịch covid 19

QUYEN CON NGirdi TRONG DAI DICH COVID-19 Nguyin Thi Thu Trang Tom tit: Dai dich Covid-19 diin keo theo nhung bdt dn vi kinh te - xd hpi & ri?l Nam vd tren todn thi gi&i Bdi viit ndy ngkiin cdu quyin ngu&i dgi dich Covid -19 Tdc gid bdi viit tiip can ly lugn vi quyen ngu&i - quyen tu nhien mang tinh xd hgi vd ly gidi quyen cd nhdn phdi hdi hoa vai quyen tgp the Dua trin eg sg ty^ ludn do, tdc gid phdn tich nhung chinh sdch cua Viet Nam dgi dich Covid-19 de thdy dugc Viet Nam tdn trgng quyen ngu&i nhu the ndo Abstract: The emergence of Covid-19 pandemic has brought about socio-economic instabilities in Viet Nam and around the world The article examines human rights in the face of Covid-19 pandemic The author approaches a theory of human rights - social aspects of natural rights - and contends that individual rights shall be placed in harmony with collective rights On this theoretical basis, the author analyzes Vietnam s policies during the Covid-19 pandemic to highlight Vietnam's respect of human rights Quyen ca nhan va quyen taip the cua ngudi 1.1 Quyen ngu&i Quyen tu nhien mang tinh xa hpi Quyen ngudi bdn thdn nd Id quyen ty nhien Tuy vdy, quyen ngudi khdng phai la quyen cd nhan tdn tai sieu hinh md dd la quyin mang tinh xa hdi Dieu dugc chiing minh thdng qua cdc lap luan sau; Thii nhat, ngudi la thue the ty nhien nen nhiing nhu cau, mong mudn, ddi sdng tinh than ciia ngudi Id tu nhien Con ngudi ve ty nhien ludn muu cau mgt cuge sdng vien man Dieu ndy cung dugc dgt nguyen tac co bdn cua triet hgc Aristotle, dng da dat eau hdi: "Dieu gi tao mdt cudc sdng dang sdng, cd gia tri ddng them mudn?"' Mdt ly thuyet gia duong dgi ' TS., Khoa Luat Kinh tl, Tnrtrag Dai hpc Kinh te Luat ' Xem Raymond Wacks (2011), Trie! hpc phdp ludt (Phgm Kieu Tiing dich), Nxb Tri thuc, Tp H6 Chi Minh, tr 36 50 Id John Fmnis (Trudng Dgi hgc Oxford) ngudi theo trudng phai ludt ty nhien ke thira quan diem Uen ciia Aristotle da dua danh mue nhimg logi hinh co bdn ciia sy phat triln ngudi Theo dd, cd bay logi hinh gdp phan lam cuge sdng cua ngudi vien man: Ddi sdng, kien thiic, vui choi, cdm nghipm tham my, tinh cgng ddng, cd Iy le thyc tien vd tin ngudng^ Nhimg loai hinh ea bdn Uen Id nhiing gia tri mang tinh qudt vi nd chi phdi mgi xa hdi loai ngudi d mgi thdi dai vi ngudi ludn deo dudi nhiing Igi ich co bdn ndy Tdc gid hodn todn ddng y vdi quan diem eiia John Fiimis ve viec ngudi cin nhimg Igi ich ca ban neu tren dl phdt trien Them vdo do, tac gia ciing ddng y vdi John Finnis cho ring, nhiing igi ich CO ban dd cdn cd sy kit hgp vdi chin (09) "Ddi hdi ve sy phii hgp vdi thyc tien" Cy ^ Xem John M Finnis (2011), Nahiral law and natural rights, Oxford University Press Inc., New York,p.59-366 QVYiN CON NGVdi the: (1) Quyen ngu&i khdng dugc co su thiin Vf tien giSra nhimg ngu&i: Con ngudi hay lam cho ngudi khac nhirng gi md minh se lam cho hg hogc cho ban than minh Con ngudi phdi dgt vj tri cua minh vao vi tri ciia ngudi khdc iChdng len dn ngudi khac vi nhiing vipc ma ban than mmh ciing mudn lam cho minh Khdng ngan ngudi khdc hg ldm nhiing dieu md cd bdn than mmh ciing mong mudn dieu dd Day chinh la nln tdng dl xdc djnh quyen ngudi khdng dugc thien vj, tiiy tipn giiia nhimg ngudi (2) Quyen ngu&i phdi phu hgp v&i doi hdi cua Igi ich chung: Lgi ich chung Id nhiing gid tri ehimg ciia cgng ddng hodc cua todn nhan logi Nhiing gid trj nhu hieu biet, vui choi, ty do, phdt triln deu la nhimg lgi ich chung md nhan logi hudng tdi Vi vdy, quyen ciia mdi ngudi khdng dugc di ngugc lgi vdi lgi ich chung Vi du, mgt ngudi khdng the tii chdi su phdt trien md vi sy phdt trien chung cua nhdn logi mdi ngudi phdi hgc tap (3) Quyen ngu&i id su deo dudi tich cue vi nhiing lgi ich: Con ngudi cd thi deo dudi nhiing lgi ich cho ban than, nhung khdng dugc trai vdi dao diic Vi dy, ngudi ludn hudng tdi cuge sdng tdt dep ban ve vdt chat De dgt dugc dieu ndy, ngudi khdng dugc thyc hipn nhung viec lam phi dao diic nhu trgm cdp, cudp dogt ciia ngudi khdc Ben cgnh dd, cdn nhiing yeu cau khdc vdi quyin ngudi nhu: (4) Mdt ke hogch nhit qudn vl cudc sdng; (5) Khdng cd sy thien vj, tien giua cdc gid tri; (6) Tinh dpc igp va tan tdm; (7) Sy thich ling (cd gidi hgn) vdi nhiing hgu qud: Hieu qud phgm vi hgp ly; (8) Tdn trgng mgi gid tri CO ban Uong mgi hdnh vi; (9) Theo luong tdm cua minh^ Nhiing Igi ich co ban cho sy phdt trien cua ngudi vd nhung ddi hdi ve sy phu hgp vdi thuc tien hgp thdnh nguyen tdc phd bien vd khdng the thay ddi cua lugt ty nhien Bdi vi, Igi ich va ddi hdi Uen cua eon ngudi la "hiin nhiin" vd chiing khdng phdi dugc suy dien tii bat cii md ta nao ve bdn chdt ciia ngudi"* Quan diem phu hgp vdi quan diem ciia Thomas Aqumas (1225-1274) cho rdng, lugt ty nhien Id ludt vTnh cuu, noi nhimg sinh vat ly (con ngudi) cd the phdt hipn dugc bang ly tri vd ludt ty nhien phdi phii hgp vdi ty nhien, thieng lieng* Thii hai, quyen ngudi la dilu "hgp ly" chii khdng phdi Id dieu gi phd hgp vdi ban chat ciia eon ngudi Quyin ngudi khdng phdi dugc suy hodc suy doan tir bdn chdt ciia ngudi hay bdn chdt ciia sy vat, hipn tugng Bdi vi, Uong moi eon ngudi chung ta, 'Tjang cam nghipm ve bdn chdt cua minh, tir ben Uong ngudi cua minh" nim bit dugc "bang mgt hdnh dgng don gidn cua sy hieu biet khdng suy lugn" ring "ddi tugng ciia sd thich md ngudi cam nghiem la vi du ve hinh thiic tdng qudt cua cdi tdt cho chinh minh (va cho nhiing ngudi khdc gidng minh")^ ' Raymond Wacks (2011), Triet hgc phdp ludt (Phgm Kiiu Tiing dich), Nxb Tri thiic, Tp H6 Chi Mmh, tr 38 * Raymond Wacks (2011), Triet hgc phdp lugl (Phgm Kieu Tiing dich), Nxb Tn thiic, Tp Ho Chi Minh tr 38 ' Xem Leo Strauss (1953), Natural right and hislor, Chicago & London: University of Chicago Press, Chicago, p.90 ^ Day la quan diem cua Aquinas ve vi^c hinh quyfin t\r nhien va luat t\r nhien: Xem Raymond 51 NHA XL ^dC VA PHAP L UA T sd 7/2020 Thu ba, mgt nhiing thugc tmh ty nhien cua ngudi dd Id tinh xd hgi Vl mat ty nhien, dl thiet lap nhung dilu tdt dpp cho ngudi thi mdi ca nhdn cd nhu cdu hda minh vdo cgng ddng loai ngudi Chung ta khdng the muu cau lgi ich cho ngudi cho den chiuig ta cd mdt cgng ddng Nhu cdu hda nhgp vao cgng ddng la nhu ciu ty nhien, tat yeu ciia ngudi Vi vdy, chiing ta nen hiiu ludt ty nhien la mdt tap hgp ede nguyen tic, tir bdn chit cd nhan vd xa hgi cua ngudi vd theo dudi sy hanh phiic eua eon ngudi, dugc the hien qua ly tri ngudi' Chinh vi le dd, can cir vdo chu the quyen, quyen ngudi cd the phdn thdnh cdc loai sau^: (1) Quyin cd nhdn: Ld quyen thugc ve mdi ngudi cho du hg cd hay khdng thugc nhdm xa hdi nao Vipc thy hudng quyen phy thugc vao y chi cua cd nhan dd Vi du: Quyen ty di lgi, ty cu tni, ty ngdn luan, quyen lao dgng, quyen ty kinh doanh (2) Quyin nhdm: Trong xa hgi cd hinh cdc nhdm ngudi tuong ddng ve mgt hogc mdt sd dilm D I dugc hudng thy cac quyen thi ca nhdn phdi Id vien cua nhdm Vi du: Quyen eua Ue em, quyen cua ngudi tan tat, quyen eua ngucri cao tudi, quyen cua phu nii (3) Quyin tap the: Ld quyen ciia ngudi dugc tham gia va the hien quyen ciia minh nham bdo ve quySn Igi chung ciia tap the ndi chung vd quyen ciia ca nhdn noi rieng Tuy vay, quyen ciia cd nhdn moi ngudi la mgt phan, hai hda quyen cua tap thi Vi dy: Quyin dan tdc ty quyet, quyen bdo vp mdi trudng, quyen khai thdc vd bdo vp riing, quyen phdng chong dich benh Thu tir, quyin ngudi - quyen ty nhien dugc nit tir lugt ty nhien (tii ly tri) Trudc xuit hipn Nhd nudc, da tdn tgi lugt ty nhien Quyin eon ngudi - nhimg dilu tdt dpp dl ngudi cd cuge sdng "vien man" da tdn tgi vd phit hgp vdi Iuat ty nhien Nhung quyin nhu quyin sdng, quyen muu cau hgnh phuc, quyen lien quan tdi tin ngudng, quyen dugc hgc hdi la nhung quyin ludn tdn tgi Uong xa hgi lodi ngudi tu thud so khai cho den Quyen ty nhien ndy tin tai bdi vi nd hgp ly vd phii hgp vdi lugt ty nhien, md khdng can sy thiia nhgn cua bat ky nhdm ngudi, td chiic hogc nha nudc nao Dieu ndy chiing td rang, quyfin ngudi xuat hien va tdn tgi trude cd sy xuat hipn ludt thye djnh - luat ngudi ban hdnh 1.2 Moi quan Af giira quyen cd nhdn vd quyen nhdm, quyen tap thi Trong cdc xa hdi dan chu, ca sd tu dya Uen y tudng rdng, khdng quyin ndo cd thi dugc eoi Id tuyet ddi'** Vi vgy, quyin ngudi khdng phdi Id quyin tuyet ddi vd Wacks (2011), Triit hoc phdp lugl (Phgm Kieu Tiing dich), Nxb Tri thiic, Tp H6 Chi Minh, tr 41 ^ Rheaume, J (1997), "Human Rights and Human Nature", Revue generale de droit, 28(4), p.523 -534 * Xem Nguyin Thi Thu Trang (2019), Phd qudl hoa quyin nguai phdp lugl kinh le Viet Nam, L\i$n an tiln si Luat hpc, Dai hpc Kinh te - Luat, D^i hgc Qu6c gia Tp Ho Chi Minh, tr 39 ' Day la quan diem cua John Locke th£ hi^n moi quan he giiia quyen ty nhien va lulit ty nhien: Xem Raymond Wacks (2011), Triet hgc phdp lugl (Phgm Kiiu Tiing dfch), Nxb Tri thiic, Tp H6 Chi Minh, tr 28 '" Nguyen Van Quan (2019), "Tiiu chi hgn che quyin nguai vi ly IrgI tif cong cgng phdp lugl mpi sd nuac" Tap chi Nghien c ^ lgp phap, so 14 (390), tr 58 52 QVY&N CONNGi'dl quyen ndy cd the hi gidi hgn de ddm bdo trat ty xa hgi "Gidi han cua quyen nhdm bag ddm sy hai hda giiia cdc quyen cua cd nhdn vd cac quyen cua tap the (edng ddng, qude gia, dan tde), ciing nhu viec thy hudng quyfin giua cdc cd nhdn vdi Ludt nhdn quyfin qude tfi quy djnh gidi hgn dp dyng cua mgt sd quyen (limitation of rights) Uong mgt sd dieu udc qude te ve quyfin ngudi Ban chat cua cde quy djnh ndy Id cho phep cac qude gia thdnh vien dp dat mdt so dieu kifin vdi vific thyc hi§n/hudng thy mdt sd quyen ngudi nhit dinh nham cdc muc dich nhu thiic ddy phuc lgi chung cua cdng ddng, bdo vp an ninh qude gia (national security), dfi bdo ddm an todn eho cgng dong (public safety), dl bdo vp siic khde hay dgo diic cua cdng ding (public health or moral) vd de bao ve cdc quyin, ty hgp phdp cua ngudi khdc (rights and freedoms of others)"" Ndi cdch khde, quyfin cd nhdn cd mdi quan he chgt che vdi quyfin nhdm va quyfin tap the Dilu ndy dugc ldm ro thdng qua cdc luan cii sau ddy: Thir nhat, quyin cd nhan dugc ddm bdo quyin nhdm va quyfin tap the dugc dam bdo: Nhu phan tich d muc 1.1, quyfin ngudi id quyin mang tinh xa hdi Mdi cd nhdn - ngudi chi cd day dii quyen cua ngudi dgt hg frong xa hgi loai ngudi Con ngudi thy hudng vd thuc hifin quyin ngudi cua minh thdng qua hanh vi ciia ca nhan, thdng qua nhdm ngudi ma cd nhan dd tham gia vd thdng qua cdng ddng ma cd nhdn dd sinh sdng Cy thfi: (i) Quyin cd nhdn dugc dam bdo quyin nhdm dugc ddm bdo: Cd nhan la thdnh vien cua cdc nhdm ngudi nhu Ue em, ngudi cao tudi, ngudi tan tat, phy nii, ngudi ddn tgc thifiu sd quyfin ca nhan cua hg dugc dam bdo quyin ciia nhdm dugc dam bao Theo dd, phdp lugt qude gia eiing nhu phdp luat quoc te deu ghi nhgn quyin cua nhdm ngudi ndy Vi dy: (1) Quyin cua tre em gom cd: Quyen khdng phdn bipt ddi xii; quyen dugc cham sdc, bdo vfi; quyen dugc song vd phdt trien; quyfin dugc giu gin bdn sic '^; (2) Quyen cua phu nic gdm cdc quyin: Quyen dugc gido dge; quyin dugc hudng cdc djch vy cham sdc siic khde day du, bao gdm cd dich vy kl hogch hda gia dinh; quyen dugc tham gia vdo cdc hogt dgng gidi tri, thfi thao vd cac mat ciia ddi sdng van hda; quyin dugc chia se nghTa vy ldm cha me '-'; (3) Quyen cua ddn tpc thiiu sd: "Mgi ngu&i sinh deu dugc hu&ng tdt cd cdc quyen vd tu khdng cd bdt ky su phdn bi^t ddi xic ndo vi chung tgc, mdu da, gi&i tinh, ngdn ngU, tdn gido, ngudn gdc ddn tgc hodc xa Ap/"''*; "Tgi nhirng nu&c cd nhiiu nhom ddn tdc thiiu sd, tdn gido vd ngdn ngic ciing chung sdng, thi nhimg cd nhdn thupc cdc ddn tgc, tdn gido, ngdn '^ Xem: Khoan Dieu 2, khoan Dieu 3, Dieu 6, Dilu Cong uoc ciia Lien hgp quoc ve quyen tre em nam 1989 " Nguyen Thanh Tuin, Vu Cong Giao (2013), "Mgt sd so sdnh quyen ngudi vd quyin cong ddn" Tap '^ Xem: Dilu 10-14 va 16 Cong uoc ciia Lien hgp qu6c v6 xoa bo tit ca cac hinh thuc phan bi?t doi xii chi C$ng san, http://www.tapchicongsan.org.vn/gopchong lai phy nir nam 1979 y-du-thao-sua-oi-hien-phap-nam-1992/-/2018/19892/ '•" Dieu Tuyen ngon toan the gi6i ve quyen mot-so-so-sanh-quyen-con-nguoi-voi-quyen-cong-da ngucri cua Lien hpp quoc nam 1948 n.aspx, truy c^p ngky 24/4/2020 53 NHA NU&C VA PHAPLVATSd 7a020 ngir thieu sd do, cdng v&i nhimg thdnh viin khdc cua cgng ddng minh, khong thi bi tu&c bd quyin dugc thu hu&ng nin vdn hoa rieng, quyen dugc thi hien vd thuc hdnh tdn gido riing hogc quyin dugc su diing tieng ndi riing cua Ap"'^; Rd rang, quyfin ciia cdc nhdm ngudi Uen dugc tdn trgng thi timg cd nhan rifing le Uong nhdm ngudi ciing dugc ddm bdo quyfin ngudi nhu quyfin sdng, quyfin gido dye, quyfin phdt trifin, quyfin thy hudng van hda, quyfin dugc cham sdc, bdo vp (ii) Quyen cd nhdn dugc bdo ddm quyen tgp the dugc bdo ddm: Cd nhan la nhan td, Id te bdo Uong cgng ddng ngudi tap thi Quyin cua tap thfi dugc dam bdo thi tit yiu quyfin ciia tung cd nhdn se dugc ddm bdo Theo dd, phdp lugt quoc gia va phdp ludt qude tfi ghi nhgn vd ddm bdo quyen tap thfi Vi dy: (1) Quyin ddn tdc tu quyet: Cac qude gia phdt trifin quan hp hiru nghj trfin co sd tdn Ugng nguyfin tac ve quyin binh ding vd ty quyet dan tdc'^ "Tdt cd cdc ddn tgc diu cd quyin tu quyet; dua tren quyen do, cdc ddn tdc tu quyet dinh chi dp chinh tri cua minh vd tu muu cdu phdt trien kinh ti, xd hdi vd vdn hda"^^ Mdi cd nhan cgng ddng dan tgc diu cd quyfin the hien chinh kifin vd ty quyet djnh che chinh tri, phat trien kinh tl, van hda, chinh tri cho dan tdc minh Quyin ddn tdc la quyfin tap the dugc dam bdo thdng qua quyen ciia cdc cd nhdn cgng ddng (2) Quyin bdo v? f"^' tru&ng cua cpng ddng: "Con nguon co quyen ca bdn dugc tu do, binh dang vd day du cdc dieu ki?n sdng, mdt moi tru&ng chdt lugng cho phep cudc sdng co phdm gid vd phuc lgi md ngucri co trdch nhiim bdo ve vd cdi thiin cho cdc the h4 hdm vd mai sau" • Cgng ddng dan cu dfiu cd quyen sdng Uong moi Uudng Uong lanh Vin dl bdo vp mdi trudng khdng phdi Id vin dl cua mgt ngudi hogc mgt nhdm ngudi cd thi thyc hipn Vi vgy, cgng ddng dan cu ciia tung quoc gia hay cgng dong nhan logi cd quyin bdo vp mdi trudng dl cgng dong dugc sdng Uong mdi trudng Uong lanh Cgng ddng nhan logi cd quyin bdo vp mdi trudng nen mdi cd nhdn ciing cd quyfin ndy (3) Quyen bdo V? sue khde cpng dong: Ai ciing cd quyfin dugc hudng mgt mire sdng khd quan ve phuang dipn sire khde vd an lgc cho bdn than'^ Cdng udc ve cdc quyfin kinh tfi, van hda vd xa hgi nam 1966 ghi nhgn: "Quyen cua mpi ngu&i dugc hu&ng mgt tieu chuan sice khoi ve thi chdt vd tinh thdn & muc cao nhat cd the dugc" vd "ngdn ngita, xic ly vd hgn che cdc dich binh, binh ngodi da, b^nh nghe nghiep vd cdc logi b^nh khdc" vd "tgo cdc diiu kiin de bdo ddm mpi dich vu vd su chdm sdc y ti dau yeu"^'^ Cgng ddng ddn cu cd quyen ngan ngira, xii ly, han chl djch benh vd dugc ddm bdo cham sdc y tfi nfin mdi ca nhan '^ Dilu Cong uac quic tfi ve cac quyen dan sy va chinh tri nam 1966 '* Xem: Khoan Difiu Hiln chucmg Lien hpp quoc nam 1945 '^ Nghi quyet 1514 (XV) nam I960 cua Dai hpi dong Lien hpp quoc ve Tuyen bo trao dgc lap cho cdc quoc gia vd ddn tgc thugc dia '^ Nguyen tic 1, Hpi nghj Lien hpp quoc ve Moi tmong nguoi Stockholm nam 1972 '^ Xem: Khoan DiSu 25 Tuyen ngon toan the gi6i vk quyin ngucri ciia Lien hpp quoc nam 1948 ^^ Xem: Dieu 12 Cong udc vh cic quyfin kinh tfi, xa hpi va van hoa nam 1966 54 QVY^N CON NGVdn cung dugc thy hudng quyen neu Ufin D I ddm bao sdc khde cua mdi cd nhan thi quyin tap thi ciing phdi dugc ddm bao Bdi vi, mdi cd nhdn chi an toan vl siic khde tap the an todn Thu hai, quyen nhdm, quyen tap thfi dugc ddm bdo quyfin cd nhan dugc dam bdo: Mdi cd nhdn la td eiu thdnh nfin nhdm (Ue em, phy nir, ngudi tan tat ) vd tgp thi (cgng ddng, dan tdc, nhan loai), nen quyen cd nhdn dugc tdn trgng thi tit yiu, quyen cua nhdm vd tap the ciing dugc tdn Ugng Mdi cd nhdn deu cd: (1) Quyin ddn su, chinh tri: Quyfin sdng; khdng bj Ua tin; quyfin ty va an toan cd nhan; quyfin cu tni; quyfin ty tu tudng, ty tin ngudng, tdn gido ^' (2) Quyin kinh ti, vdn hoa, xa hpi: Quyen cd vipc lam; quyfin dugc hudng an sinh xa hgi; quyfin cd mirc sfing thich ddng; quyen hudng siic khde, the chat vd tinh than d miic cao nhdt; ngan ngiia, xii ly vd hgn chfi cdc djch bfinh ^ Cdc cd nhdn dugc dam bao cac quyen neu Uen thi cdc nhdm se dugc ddm bdo quyfin ty tin ngudng, quyen hgc tap, quyen hudng djch vy cham sdc siic khde, tham gia vdo ddi sdng van hda ; tap the se dugc dam bdo quyen bdo ve mdi trudng, ngdn ngira vd phdng chong djch benh, ty quyet van dfi ve kinh te - chinh tri - van h6a cua ddn tgc ThiT ba, hai hda giiia quyen ca nhdn vd quyen tap thi Id can thiet de quyen ngudi dugc bdo ve toan dien: Luat Nhdn quyen quoc tfi thua nhdn, quyfin ngudi ^' Xem: Cong udc ve cac quyen dan sy va chinh tri nfim 1966 " Xem C6ng uoc vfi cac quyfin kinh tfi, xa hpi va van h6an3ml966 khdng phdi Id mdt khai nipm tuyet ddi va Uong mdt sd trudng hgp can phdi dugc hgn che nham ddm bdo trat ty xa hgi^^ Ndi each khdc, quyfin cd nhdn ciia ngudi phdi hdi hda vdi quyfin ciia tap the Theo dd, dl ddm bdo quyen ciia cdng ddng dan cu - quyen tap thfi, Uong mdt sd trudng hgp quyin ciia cd nhdn bj hgn che Dieu dugc ghi nhdn rd Uong Tuyfin ngdn the gidi vfi quyfin ngudi nam 1948: "Mdi ngu&i tht^c hi4n cdc quyen vd tu cho cd nhdn chi phdi chiu nhdng hgn che lugt dinh nhdm mgc dich nhdt la bdo ddm vi^c thua nhdn vd su tdn trpng ddi v&i cdc quyin vd tu cua nhimg ngu&i khdc vd phit hgp v&i nhimg doi hdi chinh ddng vi dgo due, trdt tu cdng cpng vd su phdn vinh chung mgt xd hgi ddn chu " (khodn Dieu 29) Vi dy: Trong cd thien tai, cd nhan cd thfi bj hgn che quyfin ty di lai, ty cu trii; Uong chifin tranh, cd nhan cd the bj hgn che ty thu tin, ty cu tni; Uong dgi djch, cd nhan cd thfi bj hgn chfi quyfin ty di lgi, bi mat cd nhdn, ty cu tni vd ty kinh doanh Vific han chfi quyfin cd nhdn khdng phdi la xam phgm dfin quyen ngudi ma vific lam nham hudng tdi ddm bao hai hda vdi quyfin tap the Suy rgng ra, cd nhan "hy sinh" mdt sd quyen cd nhdn, nhung ddm bdo quyen lgi Idn hon cua tap the md Uong ban than cd nhdn ciing dugc thu hudng lgi ich Con ngudi Id mgt thyc the mang tinh xa hdi, ngudi chi thuc sy ed ddy dii quyen ngudi ngudi "hda mmh" vao cdng ddng Vi vgy, tat yeu, mdi cd nhan cd thfi bj hgn chfi quyfin cd nhdn dfi hdi hda vdi quyen cua tap the Cd nhu vgy, quyfin ' Nguyen Van Quan (2019), tldd, tr, 58 55 NHA NUdc vA PHAPLVATSd 7/2020 ngudi (quyin cd nhan, quyin nhdm, quyen tgp thfi) mdi dugc bdo ve mgt each toan dipn Bfin canh dd, Bg Thdng tin vd Truyfin thdng cdn dat nhiem vy bag ddm thdng tin lifin lgc, ket ndi cdc bpnh vipn, cdc ca sd y te, kip thdi chia se thdng tin; bdo dam an todn, Dam bao quyen ngudi an ninh mgng, kjp thdi xu Iy thdng tin sai sy dai dich Covid-19 tai Vift Nam that, lgi dyng gay hoang mang du lugn^' 2.1 Quyen ngu&i chinh Quy djnh va nhipm vy cy thi dugc de kha sdch ve phong vd chdng dich Covid-19 sdm nen ngudi dan cd thfi ufip egn cdc Cac chmh sdch ciia Viet Nam vl phdng thdng tin tin egy ve dich bpnh thdng qua vd chdng dich Covid-19 diu liy quyin nhieu kenh khdc tir ede co quan nhd ngudi lam trung tdm Cu thfi: nudc (Bg Y te, Bg ngogi giao; Uy ban nhdn Thu nhdt, ngu&i ddn cd quyin tiip can dan cdc tinh, thdnh phd ) Cdc thdng tin thdng tin ve dich b^nh: Mgi ngudi deu dugc gdm: Thdng tin ve virus Corona; cdch tiep can vdi thdng tin, giao dye, truyin phdng Uanh virus; tinh hinh djch bpnh Uong thdng vl phdng, chong bpnh truyin nhifim^^ nudc va Ufin thfi gidi; cdc ca nhifim virus vd Vao ngdy 2/2/2020, Bg Thdng tin va Truyin cdc thdng tin huu ich khdc vl dich Covidthdng da Chi thi sd 05/CT~BTTTT vl 19 Dieu ndy cho thay, ngudi dan dugc ddm vipc thyc hien cdng tdc, phdng chdng dich bdo quyen ngudi quan Ugng - quyfin bpnh viem dudng hd hap cip chung mdi tifip can thdng tin ve djch bpnh cua vi nit (virus) Corona gdy Theo dd, Thu" hai, ngu&i ddn cd quyen phdng, Bg Thdng tin va Truyen thdng "xdc dinh cdng tdc thdng tin, tuyin truyen ve phdng, khdm vd chUa benh: Thii tudng Chinh phu ban hdnh hdng loat Chi thi vl phdng va chdng dich Id nhiim vu quan trgng, bdo dam thuc hien sdu rgng, cd hieu qud nham chdng djch Covid-19 nhu: Chi thj so gdp phdn bdo vi sue khde, tinh mgng cho 05/CT-TTg ngdy 28/1/2020; 06/CT-TTg nhdn ddn, hgn chi mdc thiet hgi thap nhdt ngdy 31/1/2020, sd 15/CT-TTg dich binh gdy ra"^^ Cac thdng tin vfi 27/3/2020, sd 16/CT-TTg ngdy 31/3/2020 virus Corona (nCoV hay Covid-19) dugc Vdo 1/4/2020, Thii tudng Chinh phu tuyfin truyfin Uen nfin tdng edng nghfi thdng ky Quylt djnh 447/QD-TTg vl vific cdng tin; qua bdo chi, hp thdng phdt thanh, truyfin bd djch Covid-19 Id djch truyen nhiem tgi hinh, thdng tin ca sd, thdng tin ddi ngoai^^ Viet Nam Quylt dinh 447/QD-TTg da dua cae bien phdp phdng, chdng djch dugc thuc hifin theo Ludt Phdng, chdng bpnh ^* Khoan Dieu 10 Luat Phong chong b?nh truyen truyen nhifim Viet Nam Theo dd, ca nhdn, nhiem nam 2007 ^^ Myc 1(a), Phan yeu cau chung Chi thi so 05/CTtd chlic cd quyfin khai bao dich; dugc cap BTTTT vfi vi^c thuc hien cong tac, phong chong cim, khdm benh va chira bpnh; dugc cdch dich b?nh viem duong ho hap cap chiing moi cua vi nit Corona gay " Xem Myc I, PhSn nhiem vu Chi thi s6 05/CTBTTTT vfi vi|c thyc hien cong tac, phong chong djch benh viem duong ho hap cap chiing moi ciia vi nit Corona gay 56 " Xem Myc 3, Phan nhifra vy Chi thj s6 05/CTBTTTT ve vi$c thyc hi?n con^ tac, ph6ng ch6ng djch benh vifim duong ho hap cap chiing moi ciia vi nit Corona gay QVYEN CONNGUdl y y tfi'^ Cac ca sd khdm benh, chiia benh hyc hipn vipc tifip nhdn, cdch ly, theo ddi, lieu trj ngudi mac bpnh^^ Trfin thye tfi, tgi /ipt Nam, ngudi dan cd thfi khai bao y tl y nguypn thdng qua img dyng (App) •JCOVI Bg Thdng tin va Truyin thdng /d Bg Y tfi phdi hgp cho xay dyng Mgi igudi ddn dfiu cd quyen cung cap thdng tin /I tinh hinh siic khde ciia minh Ngudi ddn ;d the dugc tu van vd khdm tryc tuyen qua >o dipn thoai hotline hogc qua mang intemet Bfin cgnh dd, ngudi dan cd quyen luge xet nghipm, kham nghi nhifim VITUS va chua benh duang tinh vdi ;hiing mdi cua virus Corona Cho den nay, lgi Vipt Nam cd hdng tram ngudi duang tinh vdi virus Corona, nhieu ngudi da binh phgc vd chua cd trudng hgp nao tti vong Trong so nhimg ngudi nhiem bpnh vd dugc lieu trj khdi bpnh tgi Viet Nam cd cdng dan Vipt Nam vd ngudf nudc ngodi (mang quoc tjch Anh, Hoa Ky, Trung Quoc, Nam Phi, Sec, Latvia, Phdp, Thyy Difin )^° Dilu ndy cho thiy, mgi cd nhan deu cd quyfin phdng, khdm vd chira benh tgi Viet Nam tdm va tdn ugng quyen ciia nhdm yfiu thfi Vi dy: Ngdy 07/04/2020, Bd Y tl ban hanh Quylt dinh s6 1588/QD-BYT vl vipc ban hdnh tdi lipu chuyen mdn "Hudng ddn tgm thdi qudn ly siic khde ngudi cao tudi, ngudi mac bpnh mgn tinh tai tuyfin y tfi co sd Uong bdi cdnh djch Covid-19" vd "Hudng ddn cham sdc sire khde phdng chdng djch Covid-19 cho ngudi cao tudi tai cgng ddng" Cdc bdn hudng ddn vdi hinh ve vd thdng tin chi tiet cho ngudi cao tudi vd ngudi cao tudi mac bpnh man tinh vfi Covid-19; cung cap thdng tin siic khde bdn than; kiem sodt cdc bpnh man tinh; dam bdo chl dg dinh duong Ngdy 20/4/2020, Bg y tfi ban hanh Quyet djnh sd 1773/QDBYT vl vipc ban hanh "Sd tay hudng dan mgt sd bien phap phdng chdng dich Viem dudng hd hip cip SARS-COV-2 (Covid-19) ddi vdi ngudi khuyfit tat tgi cgng ddng" Sd tay hudng dan cung cdp thdng tin ro rang vdi hinh ve chi tifit ve Covid-19; hudng dan ngudi khuyet tgt phdng, chdng Covid-19; hudng ddn cho ngudi cham sdc, td chiic ngudi khuyfit tdt vd vi ngudi khuyfit tdt Sd tay hudng ddn Id tu lieu hiiu ich ddi vdi nhdm ngudi khuyfit Thu- ba, quyen phong, chdng dich binh tat, ngudi cao tudi, ngudi cao tudi mac cua nhdm nguai yiu the: Trong xa hdi cd bpnh man tinh Dieu ndy cho thay, phdp nhieu nhdm ngudi yfiu the nhu Ue em, lugt, chinh sach eiia Viet Nam thuc sy quan ngudi khuyit tdt, ngudi gia Trong djch tam tdi quyfin ngudi ciia nhdm yeu thfi bpnh, nhdm ngudi la nhdm de bi tdn Uong dgi djch Covid-19 thuong nhit Quy djnh phap ludt va cdc Thu tu, hgn che mgt sd quyen cd nhdn chinh sdch ciia Vipt Nam da thuc sy quan de dam bdo quyin cua cdng ddng: Dfi dam '" Xem Myc 7, Quy^t dinh 447/QD-TTg ve vi?c bao quyfin lgi ciia cdng ddng dich benh :ongbi djch Covid-19 xdy ra, moi ca nhdn hi hgn chfi quyfin -" Xem Myc 8, Quyfit dinh 447/QD-TTg vfi vi?c ngudi ciia minh Ndi each khac, cd nhdn hgn :6ngbl djch Covid-19 '° Ngu6n tii Bp Y tfi Viet Nam, https.//ncov.moh chfi mdt sd quyfin ngudi ciia minh nham ?ov.vn/web/guest/trang-chu truy c4p ddm bdo quyen ciia cdng ddng vugt qua 15/4/2020 57 NHA NUdc VA PHAPLVATSd 7/2020 dich benh - Uong dd cd cd quyen lgi cua cd nhan Difiu ndy &fi hipn rit rd Uong cdc quy djnh ciia Vipt Nam va thyc tifin phdng, chdng dich Covid-19 tgi Viet Nam Cy thi: (i) Cd nhdn bi hgn chi quyen tti cd nhdn nhu tu di lgi, tudocutruvd mdt sd quyen tu cd nhdn khdc: Vdo 31/3/2020, Thii tudng Chmh phu Chi thj sd 16/CT-TTg ve thyc hifin cdc bien phdp cap bdch phdng, chong djch Covid-19 Theo dd, "thuc hi^n cdch ly todn xd hdi vdng 15 ngdy ki tie gi& ngdy OJ thdng ndm 2020 trin phgm vi todn qude theo nguyen tdc gia dinh cdch ly v&i gia dinh, thdn bdn cdch ly v&i thdn bdn, xd cdch ly v&i xd, huyen cdch ly v&i huyen, tinh cdch ly v&i tinh, phdn xu&ng, nhd mdy sdn xudt phdi bdo ddm khodng cdch an todn, deo khdu trang, thuc hiin khu trung, diet khudn theo quy dinh Yeu cdu mpi ngu&i ddn & tgi nhd, chi ngodi tru&ng hgp that su cdn thiet nhu mua luang thuc, thuc phdm, thude men, cdp cuu, ldm viic tgi nhd mdy, ca s& sdn xudt, ca s& kinh doanh dich vu, hdng hda thiit yiu khdng bi ddng cira, dimg hogt ddng vd cdc truang hgp khdn cdp khdc; thuc hien nghiem viic giir khodng cdch tdi thieu 2m giao tiep; khdng tap trung qud ngu&i ngodi phgm vi cdng s&, tru&ng hgc, binh viin vd tgi nai cdng cdng"^^ Sau trifin khai thyc hifin Chi thj 16/CT-TTg, sd ca nhifim virus giam ro ret, ttong vdng 07 lien tifip khdng cd ca nhiem mdi^^ Cd the thay, Uong trudng hgp '' Myc I Chi thj so 16/CT-TTg vfi thyc hi?n cac bien phip cap bach phong, chong dich Covid-19 *^ Nguon: Bp Y te Viet Nam, https://ncov.moh gov.vn/web/guest/trang-chu, truy cap 25/4/2020 58 nay, quyfin cua cd nhdn bj hgn che la can thilt vi lgi ich cgng dong Uong dgi djch Covid-19 (ii) Cd nhdn bf hgn che quyin bi mgt thdng tin cd nhdn: Bdo vfi quyen bi mgt cd nhan Id quyen co bdn cua ngudi Tuy vgy, Uong tinh hinh dich bpnh biing phdt Uen phgm vi qude gia va tren todn cau, cd nhan bj hgn chl quyfin bi mat thong tin cd nhdn Theo Lugt Phdng chdng bpnh truyin nhiem nam 2007, tit cd nhiing ngudi mic benh truyin nhiem, ngudi nhgp cdnh tir vung cd djch dfiu phdi khai bdo y tfi Theo dd, CO quan cd thdm quyfin cd quyen: "gidm sdt cdc tru&ng hgp mdc binh, bf nghi ng& mac binh vd mang mdm binh truyen nhiem bao gdm thdng tin ve dja diem, th&i gian, cdc tru&ng hgp mdc b$nh, tu vong; tinh trgng benh; tinh trgng miin dich; ddc diem chu yeu vi ddn so vd cdc thdng tin cdn thiet khdc Trong tru&ng hgp cdn thiet, ca quan y te cd tham quyin dugc lay mdu xet nghiim & ngu&i bi nghi ng& mdc b^nh truyen nhiim di gidm sdt"^^ Trong dgi djch Covid-19, nhiing ngudi nghi ngd mac bpnh hogc vfi tir vung cd dich dfiu phdi cung cdp thdng tin ve tinh Uang siic khde, Ig trinh di lgi, ngudi gap gd Nhiing thdng tin ndy hiiu ich de Viet Nam xdc dinh cdc ddi tugng Id FO, F l , F2, F3 va F4^'' dfi cd bipn phdp giam sdt vd ^^ Khoan Dieu 21 Lugt Phong ch6ng b?nh truyen nhifim nam 2007 " FO la b^nh nhan duong tinh ho3c dupe xii Ij" nhu duong tinh vdi Covid-19; Fl 1^ nguoi tifip xiic tryc tifip viji ca duong tinh; F2 la nguoi tifip xiic tryc tilp voi Fl; F3 la ngucri tiep xiic tryc tifip vdi F2; Xem thong tm tai website ciia Benh vifn Bach Mai, Hi Npi: http://bachmai.gov.vn/tin-tuc-va-su-kien/y-hocthuong-thuc-menuleft-32/6! 02-cach-phan-loai-cachly-ngua-Iay-dich-covid-19-ai-cung-can-biet.html, truy cap 25/4/2020 QVYEN CON NGUdl cdch ly phii hgp Nhiing thdng tm thugc vl "bi mat cd nhan" cua cd nhan frong tmh huong djch bpnh phdi cung eip cho ca quan cd thim quyin Quyin cd nhan ndy bj hgn che, nhung nhimg thdng tin cd dugc sfi giup ich rat Idn Uong vific khoanh vung, gidm sdt, xu ly phii hgp ddi vdi nhimg cd nhan cd nguy CO lay nhiem ttdnh Idy nhifim sang cpng ddng Quyfin lgi ciia cgng ddng dugc ddm bdo cd nhdn hgn chfi quyin bi mat cd nhdn Uong dgi djch (iii) Hgn che quyin tu kinh doanh: Quyfin ty kinh doanh Id quyfin kinh tl ciia ngudi, nhung dgi djch Covid19 quyen ciia ngudi bj ban chl dl ddm bao quyfin ciia cgng ddng Uong hogt dgng phdng vd chdng dich Dien hinh, van bdn so 153/TB-VPCF ngdy 10/4/2020 cua Vdn phdng Chinh phii thdng bdo kit lugn ciia Thii tudng Chinh phii Nguyfin Xuan Phuc tgi cuge hgp Thudng tryc Chinh phii vl phdng, chong Covid-19, Uong giao Bg Y te: "Tru&c mdt, tgm dimg xudt khdu cdc logi thude su dung dieu tri C0VID19" Ngay 15/4/2020, Cue Qudn Iy Dugc, Bg Y te ban hdnh Cdng van sd 4162/QLD-KD vl vipc tam dung xuat khau thude phdng, chdng Covid-19 vdi ndi dung: "Be ddm bdo ngudn cung, co du trie thude phong, chira benh cho nhdn ddn, Cue Qudn ly Dugc yeu cdu cdc dan vi sdn xudt, xudt khdu, nhgp khdu thude tgm dimg viec xudt khdu thude theo Danh muc thude su dung diiu tri Covid-19 ban hdnh kem theo Cdng vdn ndy tir ngdy 16/4/2020 den cd thdng bdo m&i cua Cue Qudn ly Dugc" Ro rdng, de ddm bdo quyfin lgi cua ngudi dan Vi^t Nam - quyin tap thi, cac chii the kinh doanh thude da bi hgn che quyfin ty kinh doanh ciia cd nhan Vific ban che quyfin ty kinh doanh ctia cac chii the frong tinh hmh dgi dich la can thiet dfi ddm bdo kha nang kifim sodt dich frong nudc ciia Viet Nam 2.2 Quyen ngu&i chinh sdch ve kinh te Trong dgi djch Covid-19, cdc cd nhan td chlic thyc hipn hogt ddng kinh doanh tgi Vipt Nam gap khd khan rat Idn De quyin ty kinh doanh ciia ngudi dugc ddm bao, Vipt Nam da cd hdng logt nhung chinh sach phu hgp de hd trg cdc chii the kinh doanh vugt qua khd khan ciia dgi djch Cy the: Thu nhat, uong ITnh vyc thue: Thii tudng Chinh phii cd Cdng van sd 197/TTgKTTH ngdy 07/02/2020 vl vipc miln thul nhgp khau ddi vdi mat hdng khdu trang y te, nudc nia tay sdt tning; nguyfin lieu dl sdn xuat khdu Uang, nudc sdt tning, cde vat tu, thiet bj can thiet phuc vy vific phdng, chong dich vifim dudng hd hdp cap virus Corona gay Cung ngdy 07/02/2020, Bg Tdi chinh ban hanh Quyfit djnh so 155/QDBTC vfi vipc Ban hdnh danh muc cdc mat hang dugc mifin thufi nhdp khdu phuc vy phdng, chdng djch vifim dudng hd hap cap chiing mdi ciia virus Corona gay Theo dd, cdc mat hang nhu khau Uang y tl, nudc nia tay sdt trimg, nudc sat tning (chl pham diet khudn dgng dung djch), nguyfin lipu dfi sdn xudt khau ttang y tfi, bd Uang phyc phdng chdng djch dugc dugc mifin thul nhdp khiu" Ngay 27/3/2020, Bg Tdi " Xem danh myc cac m^lt himg dupe mien thue nh^p khau phyc vu phong, chong dich viem ducmg ho hip cap chung mdi ciia virus Corona gay tai Quyfit djnhs6 155/QD-BTC 59 NHA NUdc VA PHAPLVATSd 7/2020 chinh ban hanh Quylt djnh sd 436/QD-BTC ve vific bd sung mat hang dugc mifin thul nhap khau tgi danh muc cdc mat hdng dugc mifin thufi nhdp khau phuc vy phdng, chdng dich viem dudng hd hap cap chung mdi cua virus Corona gay ra, ban hdnh kem theo Quylt dinh sd 155/QD-BTC Cde chu thi kinh doanh nhung mat hang nfiu Ufin dugc uu dai rat Idn vfi thue, nfin quyfin ty kinh doanh cua ehii the frong linh vyc dugc md rdng gid trj gia tang: Thdi gian gia hgn la 05 thdng, kfi tir ngdy ket thiic thdi hgn ngp thue gia trj gia tang theo quy djnh cua phdp lugt vfi qudn Iy thul; (2) Doi vdi thul thu nhgp doanh nghipp: Thdi gian gia ban la 05 thdng, kl tir ngdy kit thiic thdi ban ngp thue thu nhdp doanh nghipp theo quy djnh cua phap luat vfi qudn ly thufi; (3) Ddi vdi thue gid trj gia tang, thue thu nhgp cd nhan ciia hd gia dinh, cd nhan kinh doanh: Thyc hipn nop sd tiln thul dugc gia hgn tgi khodn ndy chdm nhit Id ngdy 31/12/2020; (4) Doi vdi Ben egnh dd, cac chii thfi kinh doanh tiln thue dit: Thdi gian gia ban Id 05 thdng cdn duge Nha nudc hd Xrq vfi gia hgn ngp kl tir ngdy 31/5/2010 Ddy la chinh sdch thue; mien tien nop ehgm thufi; gia ban tifin kip thdi de thao gd nhiing khd khan cho cdc thufi dit Ngdy 03/3/2020, Tdng cyc thul chii the kinh doanh Qua cho thay, ban hanh Cdng van sd 897/TCT-QLN vl nhung chinh sach hd ttg ve thue da gdp gia hgn ngp thue, mien tien cham nop phan thiic day hogt dgng kinh doanh ndi dnh hudng bdi djch bpnh Covid-19 Cdng rifing va dam bdo quyfin ty kinh doanh van sd 897/TCT-QLN ghi nhdn: "Di kip cua chu thfi kinh doanh ndi chung Uong dai th&i thdo ga khd khdn cho ngu&i npp thui djch Covid-19 bi thiet hgi b&i dich binh Covid-19 gdy ra, Thu hai, linh vuc ngdn hdng: gdp phdn giup cho ngu&i nop thue dn dinh Ngay tir ngdy 04/2/2020, Ngan hang Nhd sdn xuat kinh doanh, vugt qua khd khdn; nudc da ban hanh Cdng van so Tdng cue Thue di nghi ddng chi Cue tru&ng Cue Thui cdc tinh, thdnh phd true 541/NHNN-TD ve viec trien khai cdc gidi phdp hd ttg khac phuc thiet hgi dnh thupc Trung uang chi dgo trien khai viic thuc hien gia hgn nop thui, miin tien chdm hudng cua djch virus Corona (nCoV) nop eho ngu&i nop thui theo cdc quy dinh Ngan hang Nhd nudc chi dgo cac chi cua Ludt Qudn ly thue hien hdnh vd cdc nhdnh, phdng giao djch, chii dgng nam bit vdn bdn hu&ng ddn thi hdnh" Ngoai ra, tinh hinh sdn xuat kinh doanh, miic dg thipt Chinh phu cdn ban hanh Nghj djnh sd hai ciia khdeh hdng dang vay von dnh 41/2020/ND-CP 08/4/2020 vl gia hgn hudng cua djch nCoV, nhdt Id nhung thdi hgn nop thue vd tien thue dat Nghj ngdnh, ITnh vuc cd thfi bj anh hudng nhieu dinh ndy quy djnh viec gia hgn thdi hgn nop nhu du Ijch, ndng nghiep, xuat khdu kip thufi gid trj gia tang, thufi thu nhdp doanh thdi dp dyng cdc bien phdp ho trg, thao gd nghipp, thue thu nhdp cd nhdn vd tifin thue khd khan cho khdeh hang nhu ca ciu lai dit (Dilu 1) Theo dd^^: (1) Ddi vdi thul thdi ban tra ng, xem xet mien gidm lai vay theo quy djnh phdp Iuat hipn hdnh ^ Xem khoan 1-4 Difiu Nghj dinh so 41/2020/NDChii ddng hudng din, ho \ja ngudi dan CP cua Chinh phii ve gia han thoi han npp thue va tifin thufi dat 60 QUYtN CON NGUdl qud trinh xii ly cdc dl nghj thdo gd khd khan ve hogt dgng vay vdn^' Ngay 13/3/2020, Ngdn hang Nhd nudc tiep tyc ban hdnh Thdng tu sd 01/2020/TTNHNN quy djnh vfi td chiic tin dyng, chi nhdnh ngan hang nudc ngodi co cau lai thdi hgn frd ng, mifin, giam lai, phi, giir nguyfin nhdm ng nham hd frg khach hdng chju dnh hudng djch Covid-19 Tifip din, 31/3/2020, Ngdn hdng Nha nudc Vipt Nam ban hdnh Chi thi sd 02/CT-NHNN vl gidi phdp cap bdch cita ngdnh ngan hang nhdm tang cudng phdng, chdng va khae phyc khd khdn tac dgng eiia djch bpnh Covid-19 Ngdn hdng Nha nudc Vipt Nam da trien khai kjp thdi cdc gidi phdp chinh sach nhu: Dieu hdnh linh hoat cdc cdng cy chinh sdch tiln tp, ty gid, co cdu lgi thdi hgn ttd ng, mien, gidm lai, giir nguyen nhdm ng, gidm dong thdi cdc miic lai suat difiu hanh dfi ho frg sdn xuat, kinh doanh, mien, gidm phi todn Nhimg gidi phap ciia ngdnh Ngan hdng da va dang dugc trien khai quyet lipt, budc ddu thdo go khd khan cho khdeh hang vay vdn^^ Ben cgnh dd, Ngan hdng Nha nudc chi dgo cdc td chiic tin dyng tgp trung tin dyng eho cdc ITnh vyc uu tifin, ITnh vyc sdn xudt kinh doanh; thudng xuyfin theo ddi, ddnh gid difin bien vd tdc dgng ciia dich bpnh ddi vdi kha nang tang trudng tin dyng toan ngdnh dfi xem xfit dilu chinh chi tifiu tin dyng ddi vdi cac td chlic tin dyng nham ddp ling ddy dii kjp " Xem Myc 1.2 Cong van so 541 /NHNN-TD vfi vi?c tnfin khai cic giai phap h6 trp khac phuc thi?t hai inh hiring ciia djch virus corona (nCoV) ^* Xem phin ma diu ciia Chi thj s6 02/CT-NHNN vfi giai phip cap bach ciia nganh ngan hang nham tang cu6ng ph6ng, chong va khac phyc kho khan tac dpng cua djch b?nh Covid-19 thdi vdn phyc vy sdn xuat kinh doanh, nhdt la cac nganh, ilnh vuc bj anh hudng bdi djch benh, tgo difiu kifin cho khdeh hdng vay vdn tifip tyc vay mdi khdi phyc sdn xuat; tiep tye kiem sodt chat che tin dyng vao cac ITnh vyc tifim an nii ro'^' Chinh sach hd Ug Uong ITnh vyc ngan hang rdt kjp thdi Uong dgi dich da gdp phan thao gd nhiing khd khan ddi vdi eae chii the kinh doanh Theo dd, chu the kinh doanh cd thfi dugc tiep can cdc ngudn vdn Ngodi ra, nhimg chu the dang cd khodn vay tgi cdc td chlic tin dyng gap khd khan bdi dai dich Covid-19 cd ca hdi duge ca ciu Igi thdi hgn trd ng, mifin, gidm lai, giii nguyfin nhdm ng, gidm ddng thdi cdc miic lai suat dieu hanh de hd frg sdn xuat, kinh doanh, mien, gidm phi todn Nhiing chinh sdch thyc sy ddm bdo quyfin ty kinh doanh ciia chu the kinh doanh Thu ba, hgn chfi quyfin ty kinh doanh nham ddm bdo quyen ciia cgng ddng - quyen tap the: Dgi djch Covid-19 xdy keo theo nhiing khd khan vfi luang thyc, dugc pham vd nhu yfiu pham khdc Vi vdy, dfi dam bdo ngudn cung Uong nudc, Viet Nam da dua hang loat eae quy djnh nham hgn che xudt khdu cdc mat hang nhu: Ggo, dugc pham va mfit sd mat hang khac Ngdy 25/3/2020, Bg Cdng Thuang ban hanh Quylt djnh sd 987/QD-BCT vl viec lap Dodn kiem tta hen ngdnh di lam viec vdi cdc dja phuang va doanh nghiep xuat khau ggo ehii chdt de rd soat, kiem tta, ddnh gid vfi ngudn cxmg thde ggo, tinh hinh " Xem n.5 Chi thi so 02/CT-NHNN ve giai phap cap bach ciia nganh ngan hang nham tang cuong phong, chong va khac phyc kho khan tac dgng cua dich b?nh Covid-19 61 NHA NUdc VA PHAPLVATSd 7/2020 xudt khau ggo, thuc hien dy trii luu thdng va tinh hinh thyc liien hgp ddng xuat khau ggo Dodn kifim tra cd nhiem vy lam vipc vdi eac dia phucmg, cdc doanh nghipp xudt khau ggo chu chdt, soat, kiem tra, ddnh gia vfi ngudn cung thdc ggo, tinh hinh xuat khdu ggo vd thyc hifin dy tru luu thdng, tinh hinh thyc hipn hgp ddng xudt khdu gao, Ufin CO sd dd, xay dyng bdo cdo Thii tudng Chinh phii xem xet, quyet dinh vfi dieu ehinh hogt dgng xuat khau ggo theo diing quy dinh (Difiu Quyet djnh sd 987/QD-BCT) Ngay 28/3/2020, Bg Cdng Thucmg ban hdnh Cdng van sd 2237/BCTXNK vl vipc xuit khdu gao ttong bdi cdnh djch bpnh vd hgn ban, xam nhap man Bg Cdng Thuang da bdo cdo Thii tudng Chinh phii vdi ngi dung vd de xudt nhu sau: (1) Nguyin tac: Trong bdi cdnh djch benh Covid-19 dang difin bien hfit siic phiic tgp, cin bdo ddm myfit ddi an ninh luong thyc qude gia, khdng dfi xdy tinh Ugng thieu luang thye bat ky hoan cdnh nao; bdo ddm an ninh luang thyc qude gia, ed bipn phap hgp Iy dfi tri chudi sdn xudt lua ggo; hd ttg tieu thu thdc, ggo eho ngudi ndng dan vdi gia tdt; bdo dam muc tieu "kep" Id chiln thang djch bpnh vd tri san xuit, tang trudng kinh tfi (2) Phuang dn: Cd thi cho phep tilp tyc xudt khiu ggo, nhung phai kifim soat chat sd lugng xuit khdu theo timg thang, Uudc mit Id thdng vd thdng nam 2020 Difiu ndy cho thay, vipc xuat khdu gao ttong dgi dich bi hgn chfi 62 Ben cgnh vipc hgn che xudt khau ggo, Viet Nam cdn tgm dimg xuit khdu cdc logi thude sir dyng difiu trj Covid-19 (da dugc phdn tich d myc 2.1) Qua dd cho thiy, dl ddm bdo quyin lgi ciia cgng ddng ngudi Vipt Nam, Nhd nudc da dua nhung quy dinh nhdm ban che quyfin ty kinh doanh eiia chu the kinh doanh Tuy vay, quy djnh hgn che quyin ndy khdng vi phgm quyfin ngudi Day Id quy djnh lam hdi hda quyen ciia cd nhan vdi quyen cua tap the Kit lu3n D I ddnh gia mgt edch toan dipn vfi nhimg chinh sdch cua Vipt Nam ddi vdi ngudi dan ttong dai dich Covid-19 edn phdi cd thdi gian dfi tdng kit, danh gid Tuy v^y, xem xet dudi gdc nhin ve quyin ngudi thi nhimg chinh sdch md Vipt Nam dua Uong dgi djch Covid-19 da thyc sy tdn ttgng vd bao vfi quyen ngudi Nhiing chinh sdch eua Nhd nudc da bdo ddm quyfin phdng, chdng vd khdm, chiia bpnh ciia ngudi - quyen xa hdi Ngodi ra, Uong giai dogn khd khan cua djch benh, Nhd nudc da dua nhimg chinh sdch nhat djnh kjp thdi nham bdo ddm quyfin ty kinh doanh eiia ngudi - quyfin kinh tfi Dii la quyfin kmh te hay xa hdi thi nhirng chinh sdch ciia Vipt Nam dgc bipt quan tdm tdi ede nhdm ngudi yfiu thfi Uong xa hgi nhu ngudi khuyet tat, Ue em, ngudi cao tudi Nhiing quy dinh phap lugt dua ludn dam bdo hdi hda giiia quyfin ca nhan va quyen tap the  ... http://www.tapchicongsan.org.vn/gopchong lai phy nir nam 197 9 y-du-thao-sua-oi-hien-phap-nam -199 2/-/2018 /198 92/ '•" Dieu Tuyen ngon toan the gi6i ve quyen mot-so-so-sanh-quyen -con- nguoi-voi-quyen-cong-da... SARS-COV-2 (Covid- 19) ddi vdi ngudi khuyfit tat tgi cgng ddng" Sd tay hudng dan cung cdp thdng tin ro rang vdi hinh ve chi tifit ve Covid- 19; hudng dan ngudi khuyet tgt phdng, chdng Covid- 19; hudng... Stockholm nam 197 2 '^ Xem: Khoan DiSu 25 Tuyen ngon toan the gi6i vk quyin ngucri ciia Lien hpp quoc nam 194 8 ^^ Xem: Dieu 12 Cong udc vh cic quyfin kinh tfi, xa hpi va van hoa nam 196 6 54 QVY^N CON NGVdn