Đặc Điểm Tâm Lí Nam Bộ Trong Dạy Học Thơ Văn Nguyễn Đình Chiểu

M G QIEM TAM bl NAM BQ TRONG DAY HOC THO VAN N G U Y E N DINH CHIEU ThS NGUYEN PHirOC HOANG* Nam bd la dai dat phia nam cua To qud'c dupe nhung ngudi luu dan td mien Bic, mien Trung va ngudi Hoa tim de'n khai pha, sinh co lap nghiep tren 300 nim Mdi trudng, hoan canh sd'ng d nai day da tac ddng va hinh nen nhi/ng net tam li rat rieng euacon ngudi Nam bd Nguyin Dinh Chieu, mdt tic gia tieu bie'u cua nen vin hpc Viet Nam, sinh va Idn len tai vung dat Gia Djnh - Dong Nai nen rat am tudng ve vung dat, eon ngudi Nam bd, ndi each khac, nidi trudng vin hda Nam bd da an sau va tham dam ngudi Nguyin Dinh Chieu Chinh vi the, vie't ve eon pgudi Nam bp, dng la ngudi dau tien phat hien va de cao nhung die die'm tam li tieu bie'u cua ngudi nai day Thdng qua hanh vi, cuchi va thai dp cua hinh tupng nhan vat, nha van da lam bat len die diem tam li tieu bleu eua nhung eon ngudi a bud'i dau di md dat Dac diem tam li Nam bp tieu bie'u qua cac hinh tuong tha van Nguyen Dinh Chieu 1) Thuang ngudi hien, ghet ke ac, ke xa'u Co the' ndi, day la die die'm tam li bit ngudn tu tinh than nhan dao truyen thd'ng bao ddi eua dan toe "Thuang ngudi nhu thi thuang thirf Them vao do, nhung ngudi luu dan de'n vung dat Nam bd vd'n xua't than tu tang Idp ngheo khd, thap edbe hpng xa hdi, ded htiong bj ap bue bdc lot, de nen hoac la nhung ke tdi do, eho nen de'n vdi vung da'tmdi, tu do, hp nhu dupe cdi trdi, va ludn mong mudn thay ddi sd phan, cudc ddi Hp khat khao lam lai eude ddi, sd'ng td't ban va khdng mudn ed canh ap bue bdc lot hay su hien dien cua eai xa'u, eai ae Chinh vi the, neu la ngudi thao thi ludn dupe yeu thuang, giiip dd, la ke gian ta thi se bi mpi ngudi cam ghet, xua dud'i Hda minh vol cudc sd'ng quan chung nhan dan, ban aihet, Nguyin Dinh Chieu la ngudi bleu rat rd die die'm tam li eua ngudi dan Nam bd.Ngaydtmyen Luc Van Tiin, Nguyen Dinh Chie'u da xay dung hai loal ngudi thien va ac rd ret Nhung ngudi thien ludn duqc yeu thuang, giiip dd, che chdkhi gap hoan nan, trie trd Cung vi thuang ngudi hien luang gap nan ma ea gia dinh dng Ngu, dng Tieu, ba jao det vai he't Idng euu giiip, euu mang Van Tien, Kieu Nguyet Nga hai ngudi gap nan Ca nhung nhan vat li tudng nhu 34 Tap chi Gido due so 326 Van Tien, Hdn Minh deu tay nghTa hiep, yeu thuang cuu giup ke thao Khdnp chi nhifng ngudi pham tran ma ca nhifng dang sieu nhien cung td Idng yeu thuang, giiip ddnhung n^udithao hien nhu: San quan ein day md trdi eho Tieu ddng bj Trjnh Ham ham hai, Giao Long diu dd Van Tien vao tid bi Trjnh Ham day xud'ng sdng sau, Du than cifu Van Tien Vd Cdng dem chang bd vao hang Thuang Tdng, hoac Quan Am cdu Kieu NguyetNga nang nhay xud'ng song tutram lue bj bat dem edng giae Phien ddng thdi bao mdng eho ba lao det vai ddn nang ye nudi Bing thii phap nghethuat sudung eac ye'u td than ki, nhan vat sieu nhien decifu giup^nhung ngudi hien luong, Nguyin Dinh Chie'u da the hien thai dp ddng tinh vdi quan die'm, tutudng va ude vpng cila dan gian "d hien gap lanh, ac gia ac bao" Ben canh viec yeu thuang ngudi thien, tac gia cdn chTa ngdi li Lit da kich len an va phe phan gay gitphung ke Idng da gian xao, kj, dieu ngoa, danh mat nhan tinh hoac ehi nghT de'n tu Ipi eho ban than minh nhu Trjnh Ham, VdCdng,QuynhTrang,The'Loan dd tieu bie'u nhat la Trjnh Ham - ke xa'u xa "lua thay phin bad', Idng da tie'u nhan,_bi di khdn ludng Neu ntiu ngudi thien cud'i cung dupe sdng hanh phue "Hit eon biei/c din hdi thii la? nhu Van Tien, NguyetNga, Hdn Minh,TdTn/e, thi nhifng keaclai gap qua bao va phai eh ju nhung hinh phat thich dang nliu Trinh Ham bj sdng than nhan chim thuyen va lam mdi cho ea, me eon mu Quynh Trang bj epp bit bd vao hang Thuang Tdng chet tham, phu hop vdi quan niem nhin qua cila quan chung nhan dan Viet Nam ndi ehung, nhan dan Nam bd ndi rieng Khdng chio tmyen Lue Van Tren ma Duang Td- Ha Mau ke xa'u, ke ae cung bi tnJmg trj dich dang Tac giadaxay dung canh dia nguc detnjmg phattubpn bat ehinh nhu tliay dja li, thay tu, thay thude eho de'n nhung ke i n dbat nhan, bat nghTa, dulue sd'ng chung khdng bi xd tdi Trong l^gu Tieu y thuat van dap^ (NTYTVO) eung cd ndi de'n cai phien tda dung nen de xu nhung ke lam thude bat luang, tac gia da de cho nhung bpn lang bjpeddip trinh bay hetcac manh khde ma chiing tudua de tuluan tdi ban than Tuy phien 'Tnroing Dai hoc Bac lieu (ki2-1/2014) tda xu mdng ao nhung Idi bude tdi lai rat thue nhifng budi dau lap nghiep, ngudi luu dan ludn phai Chang ban, Lao Dau, mpt ke ddt nit khoa tri lieu dd'i mat vdi nhieu battrlctumditrudngthien nhien va benh dau miia "hai ddi^ gay ngoan gia dehdrl' thi bj xa hpi (thu du, giae cudp) nen hp rat can cd sdc khde tnJmg tri bang each de cho bpn am hdn "Keo ddi vavdnghededuang dau ehd'ng ehpi Han nua, nhiing mang, lay edn dinh daW (NTYTVB - cau 3102) Lao ngudi dieu vao Nam bdphan ddng la din ngheo khd, Cdu lam ngheeham euu,tham tien lam au (la"quacha de'n vung dat mdi khdng phai de hpc hanh ma la de giac mua") thi bj "Kim chim lua ddttiitdsi'(NTYTVB- lam i n , budn ban nhim muu sinh Chinh vi the, eau 3174) Lao Tam Sao lam nghe bao che, tam quan niem, hp ludn col trpng vd nghe va lam i n budn thude, cai tdleua lao ngoai tdi bdtxen cdn la Ida dao Cdban hon la chunghTa van chuang, hay ndi each khac thenhan thay, quan niem cda tie gia veedngli, vecach coi trpng thue tiln han li luan truu tupng, thich nhung glal quyet nhifng chuyen oan cdu, thai dp dd'i vdi eai ae gi thuc te ntiat "Cd thuc mdi vuc dugc dao" Vi vay, d da lam thda man tam li thich cdng bang, yeu • ghet cae sang tie, Nguyin Dinh Chie'u da lam bat len duqc phan minh cua ngudi Viet Nam ndi ehung, ngudi Nam die diem tam li qua cac hinh tupng nhan vat Luc Van Tien la thu sinh nhung lai rat gidi vd nghe bd ndi rieng ThiJC dan Phap xam lupc, gieo ric bao dau thuang Hdn Minh vd'n eung la thu sinh nhung edvd nghe va eho dong bao Nam bd, nhung ngudi ndng dan vd tdi sdc manh rat phi thudng Tren dudng di thi, gap ten quanh nim qua'n quanh ben "tiida mdng, manh vudri',con quan y thecay quyen dc hiep gal nha lanh, chang chl biet "Cdicutlim in, toan b ngheo khd (Vin tinghja Hen tay trdng trj "bedimdtgid' ching thabd ddcon s/CanG/i/oc-l/riySCG).Tam li cim tbugiiedNguyIn dudng edng danh edn ban vd cam trude tinh canh Dinh Chie'u rat gan gui vdi tam li eua ngudi ndng dan "triitai gal mat'ay Cung vi coi trpng thi/e tien, thie't thuc maeae nhan Nam bd: "Ghet thdi mgi nhu nhi ndng ghet cd (VTNSCG) Tdcim thu "ghet cay ghet dan^', tie gia d i vat td dao sTden dng Ngu, Tieu, ed gai hai dau chui thing bpn giae Tay cudpnudcvdinhOn^ Idi sau cay, Duang Td-HaMaudeu mia mai, che trach viee Duang dpe dja nhat: "Bitcam rnanh io ngdcVMacmdehidng Td qua u me dao Phat ma cao dau di tu, bd vp eon cha nd°( l/TA/SCG) Ddi vdi ngudi Nam bd, viee ldi tdng nheo nhde, trdn tranh trach nhiem vdi ddi Tuong tu, ehi "dng cha"ta de ehiii la dieu tdi ki nen tieng chui cua nhan vat Ha Mau vi u me theo dao Chua ma ehing dupe Ipi ich gi, ngupc lai edn chude them me tin dj NguylnOinh Chieu bet sue nang ne, manh me Khdng chl ehdi bpn giac fay, Nguydn Ointi Chieu doan eho ban than Cdthe'khingdinh,ngudidanNambpkhdngcdxu edn chui ea bpn theo Tay rip tam ban nude cau vinh: "DO dui ma khdi danh nhal Cdn han cd mat an da hudng coi trpng y nghTa triet hpc, sieu hinh eua tdn giao rinlf (NTYTVB - cau 2793, 2794), ddng thdi ma ludn col trpng nhifng gi cd Ipi thiet thuc cho ban che trach nhung ke dang tam lam tay sai cho giic: than, eho gia dinh xa hd[va Idn hon la eho dat nude Trong tha van Nguyin Dinh Chieu ed nhung nhan "Sd'ng lim chid linh ma ta/Chia rugu lat, gam binh mi, nghe cing thim hi' (VTNSCG) Dd'i vdi ke lam vat quyen quynhuSdVuang,Tin Vuong, quan Thai dudnq, lac ldi, Nguyin Dinh Chieu tim mpi each khuyen su, nhung mac nhien khdng cd xa hdi quyen quy, ran deban than hp thay dupe le thiet ban matuhd'i cai, khdng cd ddi sd'ng noi tham nghiem eao sang, xa tim dudng ve: "Chdan Igc nude ddisuy/Biy chim ludi hoa d chdn cung dinh nhu cae truyen Ndm tho e mic nin"(Duang TdHi M$u ;cau 879, khac; hay cung de cap de'n eac hang ngudi gian xao, 880) nhung vdi bpn ngoan cd, tie gia thing thdng^ Ipc Ida nhuthay lang, thay bdi, thay eung,Trjnh Ham, dau tranh rait manh me khdng khoan nhupng: "Chd ma khdng edcudc sd'ng thj nao nhiet, bon chen bao nhiiu dao thuyin khdng kham/Bam miy thing Nhin ehung, the'gidi tac pham eua Nguyin Dinh gian hutching ti' (Duang TdHi Mau - cau 1556) Chie'u la the'gidi cua cudc sdng dthdn, ap, langque Cdthendi, vdisuam tudng tam li ngudi Nam bd, rat binh dj, mdc mac dung nhu eude sd'ng thucte'ciia Nguyin Dinh Chie'u da lam rd die die'm tam li eiia hp: ngudi Nam bd lue bay gid Do dd, du tic phi'm dathuangthihetminh,sin Idn^ giiip dd, cuu mang,da ed xua't hien canh tien bdng hay chdn i m phu thi ghetthighet cay ghet dlng,thehien bing tieng chui, su cung khdng khic canh pham tran, thi/e tai eua xa khinh bi tot dp Trang thai tam li cua ngudi Nam bd la hdi Nam bd ma tac gia dang sd'ng Nliu vay, each vay, ludn bdc true ngoai khdng giau die'm, che day ntiin cua Nguyen Dinh Chie'u eung la each nhin cua Co le, nhd ridi dung die die'm tam li ma mpi ngudi ngudi Nam bd Hp khdng thich nhdng gi xa la, cao dan Nam bd,tijrnam phu, lao a'u tatea dudng nhu deu sang ma ludn hudng tdi nhdng gi binh dj va gan gui nha't ben gia dinh, hp hang, lang gieng thdn xdm va yeu thich tha van Nguyin Dinh Chie'u 2) Trgng thuc tiin va thiet thuc Trong dieu dd'i xu vdi bing tinh nghTa, dao ddc sang kien thuc te cudc sd'ng cua viing dat Nam bd vao td't dep nha't (ki2-1/2014) Tap ehi Gido due so 326 35 3) Yeu hda binh, khdng sg ke thu va quyit Dinh Chieu chua? Neu d i de'n rdi, hay cho biet cam tam ehd'ng giae bao vi dat nude Dae die'm tam li nghT eua minh ve vung dat va ngudi noi day? vd'n bun due tu ngan ddi cua dan tdc Tuy nhien, Ben canh dd, ngudi day can tdchde dpe bleu van ban bd'i canh nhung dau di mddat, ngudi Nam giup hoe sinh tiep xuc vdi tac pha'm, tudd,datra nhifng bd mong mudn ed cudc sd'ng d'n djnh de' lap nghiep van de yeu cau eac em thao luan Chang han, die nen cd giic ngoai xam mpi ngudi deu tha'y trach die'm tam li cua ngudi Nam bd ed khac gi vdi die die'm nhiem ciia minh dd'i vdi dait nude va cung dung tam li cua ngudi Viet Nam?Tai ngudiNambd lai cd len ehd'ng giae ma khdng he nao nung tmdc sdc manh die diem tam li mang netriengnhuthe?, Ngoai ra, tan bao cua ke thii Chang Van Tien tren dudng ve ngudi day edn cd the'so sanh die diem tim li eon ngudi tham nha, gap bpn cudp bao ngang nhien dc Nam bd tha vin Nguyen Dinh Chie'u vdi cac tac hiep dan lanh, du mdt minh tay khdng nhung quye't gia tmdc dng, eung thdi va sau dng Vidu, ciing vietve xa than decifu ngudi ma khdng chut din do, sp set tam li yeu nude eua ngudi dan nhung eae tie gia tmdc Hay dd trang nguyen, tmdc tinh canh dat nude bj chua the hien rd su kien cudng bat khuat eua ngudi giic quay nhilu Van Tien hang hai lanh an vua ban dan, die biet la ngudi ndng dan chan dat, de'n Nguyin len dudng diet giic Qua de'euu nude, edu dan Khi Dinh Chieu dieu mdi the hien mdt eieh sang to, xung train, du ten giic Cd't Opt ed phep thuat yeu ma manh [let nhat nhd dng da hda minh cudc sd'ng bien hda tinh vl nhu the nao Vin Tien cung khdng he va chien dau ehd'ng giic cung vdi nhan dan lue tinh luc nao nung ma deu hda giai dupe het va quye't danh bay gid Phuang phip so sanh se giup cho hpc eho de'n ciing Vi the, du mdt minh mdt n^i/a nhung sinh cam thu sau sic hinh tupng nlian vat, tddd cam chang van quyet tmy dud'i eho den cit dupe dau nhan dupcdae die'm tam li eua ngudi Nam bdtrong tho ten giae Cd't Opt treo dau ngi/a mdi thdi Hinh tupng vin Nguyen Dinh Chie'u.• Van Tien ehinh la ve dep eiia y ehi va Idng kien eudng Tai lieu tham Icliao khdng spgiie eua ngudi Nam bp De'n khithuc dan Phap xam lupc Nam bd trd Nguyen van Chau Nguyin Dinh Chieu thova doi noi "dau sdng nggn gid" thi die die'm tam li ay eang NXB Vdn hpe, H 2012 the' hien rd d mpi ngudi din nai day Trong mang tho Tran Van Giau Chong xam lang, tap NXB Xdy dung, H 1956 van yeu nude, Nquyin Dinh Chieu da phan inh rat NguySn Thanh Liem "Van hOa miSn Nam nmSc chan thue die diem tim li kien eudng ay thdng qua Viet hay van hoa Ddng Nai Cuu Long" http://namky cac hinii tupng nhan vat, tu ngudi anh lanh tu luctinh.org/ntliem/ntliem-vanhoamiennam.htm nghTa quan nhuTruPng Djnh, Phan Tdng, cho de'n Cao Cir Thanh - HuJ'nh Ngoc Trang Nguyin Dinh nhung^ehang trai ndng dan ao vai, ehan dat, diu Chieu v(H vSn hoa Viet Nam NXB Sd vdn hda thdng tay chl ed "dao phay vi eon eiJP ma "Nao sg thing tin Long An, 1983 Tay ban dan nhd, dan td' (Van ti nghia sTCan Giude), TrSn Ngoc Them "Tinh each van hOa ngudi "Cic bue si ndng cdng co, lien mang tai vdi sung Viet a Nam BO nhu mOt he thO'ng" http://www vanhoa song tam, " (Vin ti nghTa silran vong Luc tjnh) hoc.vn/nghien-cuu/van-hoa-viet-nam/van-hoa-nam3 Day hoc tha van Nguyin Dinh Chieu can bo/408-tran-ngoc-them-tinh-cach-van-hoa-nguoichu y den net dep tam li Nam bo qua cac hinh viet-nam-bo.html NguySn Thj Thu Trang "Con nguoi va van hod tuqng nhan vat Degiup ngudi hpe nhan eac die diem tam litieu Nam bo truyen ngdn cua Binh Nguyen LOc" bleu eua ngudi Nam bd qua tho van Nguyin Dinh http://www.binhnguyenloc.de/pages/ Chieu, ngudi day can dua ngudi hpc ve vdi vin hda Nam bd, vdi hoan canh Ijch si, mdi tmdng sd'ng, d SUMMARY vung dat De' lam dupe dieu nay, qua trinh FYom the environment, newlife clrumstances have day hpc, tmdc di vao ndidung ehinh bai hpc, ngudi affected Southern re0on and formed human's psyday cho hpc sinh xem cac tu lieu (tranh anh, clip gidi chology here With excellent art images Nguyen Dinh thieu canh vat que huang, eon ngudi Nam bp, nhifng Chieu did stand out was the psychological charactercau hd, lan dieu dan ca Nam bd, ) nhim tao khdi istics of people living In the South in real cores so full of great kindness, live In harmony with each other, vathu hutsuchuy eua ngudi lipc vao bai lipc Sau which Is the speacial feelings oflove, embracing and xem xong, dua vao vd'n tri thuc, trai nghiem eua hpe helping those in need gentle, and hated villains, evils sinh,ngudi day cdthe'ditnhung cau hdi nham giup eae So In teaching process, the teachers should organize em bude dau tham nhap vao tie pha'm Vidu: Em biet the orientation for students to pay attention to explore psychological typical characteristics, since It gi ve que huong Nam bd va eon ngudi Nam bd? Em helps them to more and more about human love the da tung de'n vdi noi sinh va nai mat cda tie gia Nguyin South 36 Tap chi Gido due so 326 (ki2-1/2014) ... each nhin cua Co le, nhd ridi dung die die'm tam li ma mpi ngudi ngudi Nam bd Hp khdng thich nhdng gi xa la, cao dan Nam bd,tijrnam phu, lao a'u tatea dudng nhu deu sang ma ludn hudng tdi nhdng gi... deu tha'y trach die'm tam li cua ngudi Nam bd ed khac gi vdi die die'm nhiem ciia minh dd'i vdi dait nude va cung dung tam li cua ngudi Viet Nam? Tai ngudiNambd lai cd len ehd'ng giae ma khdng... lien mang tai vdi sung Viet a Nam BO nhu mOt he thO'ng" http://www vanhoa song tam, " (Vin ti nghTa silran vong Luc tjnh) hoc.vn/nghien-cuu/van-hoa-viet -nam/ van-hoa -nam3 Day hoc tha van Nguyin