Cảm nhận hạnh phúc ở trường học của học sinh

CAM NHAN HANH PHUC TRUONG HOC CUA HOC SINH (Nghien ciru tmdng hop hoc sinh trirdng THPT Vinh Bao, Hal Phong) PGS.TS Phan Thj Mai Htrong Trudng phdng Phong Tdm ly hoc thuc nghiem, Vien Tdm ly hgc Nguyen Thj Thuy Anh T O M TAT Nghien cuu dugc thuc hien nhdm xac dinh cdm nhdn hanh phuc chu quan cua hgc sinh a truang hgc vd cdc yeu to co lien quan Nghien ciru dugc thuc hien tren mdu 402 hgc sinh tie lap 10 den lap 12 ciia trudng THPT VTnh Bdo, Hdi Phdng, cd 47,3% Id nam Kel qud nghien cuu chi rang, hoc sinh co mice cdm nhdn hanh phuc khd phdn tdn Hgc sinh a cdc khoi lap cd mite cdm nhdn hanh phuc khdc biet ro ret Hoc sinh nam vd nu cd muc hanh phuc khong khdc biet Cdc yeu to nhu tu ddnh gid bdn thdn su trg giup cua ban be vd thdy cd cd tuang quan thuan manh den rat manh vdi muc hanh phuc, sic ho trg cua nhd truang cd tuang quan yeu han Trong do, dp luc hgc tap co luang quan nghich tuang doi manh, thdi hgc lap vd ket qud hoc tap khong co tuang quan co y nghia thong ke vai hanh phuc a trudng cita hoc sinh Ket qud ndy cho thdy, tdm quan cua viec ndng cao su ho trg tinh thdn vd lam gidm dp luc hgc tap cho tre de chiing cdm thdy hanh phiic han tdi truang Tir khoa: Cam nhdn hanh phuc Hoc sinh THPT: Trudng hgc Ngdynhdnbdi 2QI5l2Q\l\Ngdy duyet ddng hdi 25/5/2017 ABSTRACT This study was conducted to exmanine the level of subjective well-being of children in school and factors related to their u ell-being The sample included 402 students from Kf' to 12''' grades at Vinh Bao high school in Haiphong city, of which 47 3% were male The results show high dispersion in the level of subjective well-being among students Students al different grades experienced remarkable difference in level of happiness No significant difference bet^veen boys and girls was pund Factors such as self-evaluation, peer and teachers support are strongly or very strongly correlated with children 's level of happiness at school, while school support has weaker correlalion Meanw hile, learning pressure has a relatively strong negative correlation with happiness level lb-.' learning altitude was noi significantly correlated with happiness The study TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, So' (219), - 2017 57 also found that the level of happiness was not correlated with children's academic outcomes Those findings showed the importance of enhancing mental support and reducing learning pressures for children so that they can feel happier when going to school Keywords: Subjective well-being; Happiness; School; High school student Mddau Cam nhan hanh phiie la trang thai cam xiic thoai mai, de chiu eiia nguai Bdt ke nguai, dii la ai, dii Ian hay be, gia hay tre, di lam hay di hgc, gia dinh hay a nai lam viee, hge tap, deu eo nhiing trai nghiem hanh phuc ciia minh Hanh phiic cQng la chii de dugc nhieu nha khoa hgc quan tam nghien ciiu Diener va cac egng su (1999) cho rang, cam nhan hanh phiie ehu quan (subjective well-being) bao gom cac phan rieng biet: Sir hai long vai cugc song noi ehung; su hai long vai cac mat cu the nhu cong viec, gia dinh ; trai nghiem cac cam xiic duong tinh nhu: vui ve, yeu thuang, dl chiu, thoai mai a mue cao, Irong trai nghiem cae cam xiic am tinh nhu: tiic gian, buon, lo au hay eang thang miic thap Theo Diener, earn nhan hanh phiic ca nhan bao gom ca khia canh cam xiic (cam xiie ducmg tinh) va nhan thirc (sir hai long vai cugc song) (Diener, 2000) Trong do, hanh phiic, theo Seligman, bao gom eac cam xiic duong tinh, su tham gia, y nghTa ca nhan, moi quan he va su cong (Seligman, 2011) Theo International Wellbeing Group (2013), cam nhan hanh phiic cua nguai truang gom cam nhan hanh phiic a cac mat cu the ciia cugc song nhu tieu ehuan song, siic khoe ca nhan, su cong cugc song, cac moi quan he ca nhan, su an toan ca nhan, cam giac la mgl phan ciia cong dong va su dam bao Irong luang lai Ben canh do, cac tac gia bo sung them mgl so mat nhu: su hai long vdi cugc song noi ehung va su hai long vai ton giao eiia hg Co the Ihay, hanh phuc dugc hieu la sir ket hgp ciia nhieu chieu canh nhung diem chung nhat van la trang thai hai long ciia ngucri vdi cuge song ciia hp Nhung nghien ciiu ve cam nhan hanh phuc d ngudi trudng dugc nhieu ngudi quan tam nghien ciru nhung cam nhan hanh phiic ciia Ire cm, dac biet la cam nhap hanh phiic ciia Ire em d Irutmg hgc chua dugc nghien ciru nhieu De cap den cac phan ciia cam nhan hanh phiic ciia tre em Cummin va Lau (2010) cho rang, cac phan giong nhu cac phan cam nhan hanh phuc cua ngudi Idn trir sir hai long vdi ton giao Mat khac, cam nhan hanh phiic vdi cugc song ndi ehung dugc cac tac gia xem xet nhu mgt mat eiia cam nhan hanh phiic ciia Ire Nghien ciru ve mong muon ciia tre em vdi muc dich giup cac em co cugc sdng idt hern dirge Td chirc Xa hoi Ire em ciia Anh (The 58 TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, Sd (219) - 2017 Children'society) thuc hien, da chi mong mu6n ciia tre cung nhu cac tieu chi chii quan va khach quan luang hanh phiic ciia cac em Cam nhan hanh phiic dugc ludng bao gom hanh phiic ehii quan (subjective well-being) va hanh phiic tam ly (psychological well-being) (The Children's society, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016) Cae nghien cuu chi mong muon eo tudi tha hanh phiic cua cae em chiu tac dgng bdi gia dinh, kha nang dugc lua chgn, ti^n bac va tai san, sue khoe Mgt so nghien ciru quan tam den moi quan he giira sire khde tinh than va hanh phuc cua tre (Layard R., Hagell A., 2015; Shoshani va cong su, 2013) Bao cao cua Layar (2015) thay mat cho td chuc WISH khuyen cao rang, can ehi so hanh phuc ciia tre thudng xuyen nhu mot chi bao ve sue khde tinh than eiia tre Cdn Shoshani va cdng su da thuc hien mot nghien cuu dgc nam ddi vdi tre d trudng hgc va cho thay rang cac can thiep dua tren trudng hoc cd the nang cao cam nhan hanh phuc va siic khde tinh than cho tre em (Shoshani Anat, Sleinmetz Sarit, 2013) Mgt sd nghien cuu khac tim thay moi quan he giira cam nhan hanh phiic vdi tich hgc tap, mdt sd yeu td ca nhan va trudng hgc (Huebner, 1991; Verkuyten va Thijs, 2002; Oilman vaHuebner, 2006; Tabbodi Meimanat va cdng su, 2015) Tai Viet Nam nhirng nghien eiiu ve cam nhan hanh phiic d trudng hgc ciia tre em cdn chua nhieu Trong bdi canh giao due d nude la dugc cho la cd nhieu van de can thao gd nhu: Chuang trinh qua lai chat lugng giao due chua dugc nhu ky vgng cua cha me va xa hdi Ire thieu ky nang mem, hien tugng hoc sinh mat ddng co hgc tap hgc them Iran Ian thi nghien ciru ve cam nhan hanh phiic d trudng hgc ciia tre la dieu can thiet Nghien cuu dugc thuc hien nham tra Idi cau hdi: trudng tre cd cam thay hanh phiic khdng va cam nhan hanh phuc dd cd mdi quan he gi vdi cac )cu id trudng hgc, hgc tap va ca nhan? Phuang phap nghien ciiu Mdu nghien cini Mau nghien ciru dieu tra indt Ian (heo la( cat ngang la 410 hgc sinh thugc khdi idp 10 I I va 12 ciia lYudng THPT Vinh Bao Hai Phdng Trong sd dd 402 phieu hgp le (dien day du thdng tin) dugc dua vao phan tich Cac Idp dugc chgn Iham gia nghien ciru la cac Idp binh thudng khdng thugc cac Idp chgn ciia nha Irudng Tat ca hoc sinh deu tinh nguyen Iham gia tra Idi phieu hoi Cong cii nghien ciru Nghien ciru sii dung phuong phap khao sat bang bang hdi d6 thu thap du lieu djnh lugng fhang Hanh phiic a irudng la thang tu di6n, gdm 12 TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, Sd (2 i 9) ^ 2017 59 menh dh mo ta trang thai cam xiic chung ciia tre d trudng (thich sg, hai long, vui ve, lo lang ), ddng thdi ciing de cap den cam xiie ciia tre mdi quan he ciia tre vdi ban be d trudng (cd dan, bi co l^p, hay vui cudi )- Trong do, cd menh d^ nghich dao Thang la thang Likert bac, dugc sii dung dk ludng mirc thudng xuyen trai nghiem cam xiic, vdi tir - Khdng bao gid d6n - Rk thudng xuyen xuk hien cam xuc Do tin cay ciia thang la 0,97 Ben canh dd, bang hdi ciing thu thap mgt sd thdng tin lien quan den cac y6u td thugc trudng hge nhu: sir hd trg ciia thay cd, ban be, nha trudng ddi vdi tre; cac y^u td lien quan den hge tap nhu: thai hgc tap, ap luc hgc lap, ket qua hgc tap va cac y6u td ca nhan nhu: tu danh gia cua tre, gidi tinh, khdi lap Do tin cay ciia thang dao ddng tir 0,79 den 0,93, dat tieu chuan ve su dn dinh ciia thang Mgt sd cau hdi md ciing dugc dua vao bang hdi de tim hieu nhirng dieu d trudng khien em vui ve hanh phiic hoac lo lang, budn chan Phan tich thong ke Diem cam nhan hanh phiie d trudng ciia tre dugc tinh bang diem trung binh ciia 12 menh de sau da ddi diem eac menh de nghich dao Nhirng hgc sinh trai nghiem cac bieu hien hanh phiic thudng xuyen hon duge coi la nhiing em ed miic hanh phiie cao hon, dd, nhirng hgc sinh khdng bao gid hoac it trai nghiem bieu hien dugc coi la nhirng tre ed mire hanh phiic thap hon Cac tham sd thdng ke nhu diem trung binh, lech chuan dugc su dung de md ta trang thai hanh phiic ciia hgc sinh He sd Alpha ciia Cronbach duge diing de tinh loan tin cay ciia eac thang Kiem dinh t (t-test) va phan tich phuong sai mgt yeu td (oneway Anova) dugc ap dung de so sanh diem cam nhan hanh phiic cua cac nhdm theo gidi linh khdi Idp He sd tuang quan Pearson cQng dugc diing Irong phan tich mdi quan he giira cam nhan hanh phiic vdi cac yeu td Irudng hgc hgc tap va tu danh gia ca nhan Ket qua nghien ciiu / Cam nhgn hgnh phiic cua hgc sinh Trw&ng THPT Vinh Bdo Kel qua diem cam nhan hanh phuc long hgp ciia hgc sinh Trudng THPT Vinh Bao dugc hien thj d bi6u dd I Ket qua cho thay, diem thap nhat cua mau la 1.67 va diem cao nhat la 4,67 Bieu dd cho Ihay, phan bd diem kha dan trai, khdng tap irung d khu vuc trung lam Dieu dd cho thdy, cam nhan hanh phuc ciia hgc sinh THPT VTnh 60 TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, Sd (219), - 2017 Bao kha khac biet Cd nhirng hgc sinh thudng xuyen hoac kha thudng xuyen cam thiy hanh phuc nhung cung cd nhiing hgc sinh it hoac khdng bao gid cam thiy hanh phuc d6n trudng Ben canh dd, mgt bg phan hgc sinh thinh thoang cam thSy minh d trang thai hanh phiic d trudng hgc ijnh c i m nh#n h^nh phuc Bieu 1: Phdn bo diem trung binh cdm nhdn hanh phuc Sd hgc sinh cd diem cam nhan hanh phiie trung binh nhd hon (tiic la hau nhu khdng bao gid cam thay hanh phiic d trudng) la 40 em, chiem ty le 9.9% va sd hgc sinh ed diem cam nhan hanh phiic trung binh Idn han (tire la nhung em kha thudng xuyen cam thay hanh phuc tdi Irudng) la 129 tren tdng sd 402 hoc sinh dugc khao sat, chiem 32,1% Nhu vay, sd lugng hoc sinh ihudng xuyen cam thay hanh phiic tdi trudng chiem hon 1/3 tdng sd hgc sinh dugc nghien ciru day la nhirng hgc sinh ludn ludn cam thay vui ve, hai long va thoai mai den trudng Ty le hgc sinh cam thay hanh phiie cao gan gap Ian ty le hgc sinh khdng cam thay hanh phiic Mac dii ty ie hoc sinh khdng cam thay hanh phiic chi bang 1/3 sd hgc sinh cam thay rai hanh phiic va bang 1/10 sd hgc sinh dugc nghien ciru nhung day cung la mdt sd dang quan lam \'a can tim giai phap hd trg de cac em cam thay hanh phiic hon tdi truimg liang md ta diem trung binh cua tirng menh de cu ihe cua thang Cam nhan hanh phiic ciia hgc sinh Trudng THPT VTnh Bao Bang sd cho ihii) cac bieu hien deu cd diem trung binh xap xi ^ (mirc thinh ilioang) Mgl vai bieu hien cd diem trung binh gan mirc diem (miic dp kha ihudng xuyen) Hgc sinh kha ihudng xuyen cam thay vui va hai long TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, Sd (219) - 2017 ddn trucmg, khdng cam thay bj cd lap vdi ban be va it cd don, budn chan Tuy nhien, tdi trudng, nhieu hgc sinh cd cam giac met mdi va lo lang Bdng I: Cdm nhdn hanh phuc ciia hoc sinh Truang THPT VTnh Bdo (Diem trung binh vd lech chuan) Cac menh de STT Bien trung binh Do lech chuan Toi cam thay vui ve den trtrcmg 3,33 1,19 Toi cam thSy co don luc d traang* 3,41 1,14 Toi cam thay moi den trucmg d^u co nhirng niem vui 3,60 1,06 Toi thay hai long voi nhirng gi dien a trudng 3,60 0,80 Toi cam thay bi co lap vai ban be* 3,51 1,23 Toi cam thay buon chan den truang* 3,42 1,13 Toi thay met tnoi dihoc* 3,10 1,01 Toi cam thay kho chiu, buc boi long moi tai lap* 3,26 1,08 Toi thich cuoi diia voi ban be 3,07 1,03 10 Toi cam thay a truong that thoai mai va de chiu 3.23 1,12 11 Toi thay lo lang moi nghT den truong hoc* 3,05 1,19 12 Toi thich dtin lop 3,19 1,10 Ghi chir Diem thdp nhdt = vd diem cao nhdl ^ J,' (*): Cdc menh de nghich ddo vd duoc doi diem tinh todn Nhin chung, cac em hgc sinh dugc khao sat vui ve va hai Idng den trudng thinh thoang cd su met mdi, lo lang TYai nghiem cam xiic tich cue den Irudng la kha thudng xuycn d mdt bd phan hgc sinh Tuy nhien, vdi lech chuan kha cao (dd chenh vao khoang 30 - 35% so vdi gia tri trung binh) thi nhieu hgc sinh khdng ed cam nhan chung nhu vay den trudng Dd la dieu rat dang quan lam cdng tac hgc dudng ddi vdi hgc sinh Tuong quan giiia cdm nhgn heinh phUc a trw&ng v&i cdc yeu to cd nhdn, trirdng hgc vd hgc tap L Cdm nhdn hanh phuc a truang cua hoc sinh theo giai tinh va khoi lap Bang the hien diem trung binh cam nhan hanh phiic cua hgc sinh ihco gidi linh va khdi Idp So sanh diem trung binh cam nhan hanh phiic giira nam 62 TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, Sd (219), - 2017 va nti- cho thSy khdng cd sir khac bi6t cd y nghTa ve mat thong ke giira hai nhdm (p = 0,563 > 0,05) Nhu vay, cd the ndi, nhin chung, tdi trudng, miic hanh phiie cua hgc sinh nam va nti la tuong duong Bang 2: Cdm nhgn hanh phuc cita hoc sinh theo gi&i tinh vd khdi lop Diem trung binh Do lech chuan Nam 3,28 0,96 Nir 3,33 0,95 Lap 10 2,30 0,81 Lap 11 3,96 0,72 Lap 12 3,43 0,70 D^c diem Giai tinh Khoi lap P 0,563 0,000 Khi so sanh cam nhan hanh phuc giira cac khdi Idp, ket qua cho thay cd su khae biet giira eac khdi Idp mdt each cd y nghia thdng ke Trong dd, diem trung binh cam nhan hanh phiic ciia khdi 10 thap nhat, tiep dd la khdi 12 va diem cao nhat la khdi 11 Hgc sinh khdi 10 la nhung em mdi vao Irudng, cdn chua quen biet nhieu ban be chua dii thdi gian de cd cac mdi quan he ban be than thiet de cd the chia se nhirng tam sir hay giiip dd hgc tap Ddng thdi, hgc sinh khdi 10 chua quen biet nhieu cac thay cd giao, chua tiep can day du vdi each hgc eua hgc sinh THPT nen cd nhieu cm cam thay cd dan den trudng, cd lap vdi ban be va thucmg lo lang met mdi tdi Idp Hgc sinh lap 11 da quen vdi ban be thay cd \i\ chua gap ap lire thi cir nhu hgc sinh Idp 12 cd le Vl the hgc sinh Idp 11 cd diem Irung binh cam nhan hanh phiic cao nhat, lii'c la cac em ed cam nhan hanh phiic nhat Hge sinh ItVp 12 it cam thay hanh phiic hon hoc sinh khdi 11 tdi truimg mdt phan ap lire hgc tap va thi cir cudi cap 2 Tuang quan giua cdm nhgn hgnh phiic a trirdng vd tu ddnh gid bdn thdn Tu danh gia ca nhan irong nghiC'n ciru la danh gia vc sir ngoan ngoan gu'ong mau cham chi lich cue trung thuc hgc lap ciia mdi hge sinh \e nhung ddng gdp ciia ban than cho IrmVng Idp sir lich cue tham gia cac hoat ddng lap the, hoat ddng ngoai khda va danh gia vc tfim anh hudng ciia mdi hgc sinh vdi cac ban khac Ket qua phan tich luong quan giira cam nhan hanh phiic ca nhan vdi lu danh gia ban than cho tha> cam nhan hanh phiic cua hgc sinh THPT VTnh Bao TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, Sod {219), - 2017 63 va su tu danh gia ban than cd moi quan he chat chg vdi He s6 tircmg quan Pearson giCia hai biln sd = 0,592, cd y nghTa thdng ke (p < 0,05) Didu cd nghTa la nhihig hgc sinh cd sir tu danh gia ban than cang cao thi thudng cam thdy hanh phiic han, cdn nhiing hgc sinh cd diem tir danh gia ban than d miic thdp thi it cam thay hanh phiic ban den trudng 2.3 Tuang quan giua cdm nhdn hanh phUc a trudng vai str ho tra ciia ban be, thdy co vd nha truang Su hd trg tir ban be nghien curu dugc hieu la cho dua tinh thdn ma tre cd dugc tir ban be ciia minh, bao gdm su giiip dd cua ban be hge tap, dugc ban be tdn trgng, tin tudng, quan tam, lang nghe y kien, ed nhiing Idi khuyen chdn thanh, ddng thcd, khdng ed canh tranh, ghen ti tir ban be ddi vdi tre Su hd trg eiia thdy cd dugc hieu la cho dua tinh than ma tre cam nhdn duge tir phia thay cd nhu sir ddng vien, khich le, tu van hgc tap, su ddi xu cdng bang, cho phep hge sinh dua y kien phan bien Idp hgc, su quan tam va tao dgng lire hgc tap cho hgc sinh, su tien bg cua hgc sinh lap dugc thay cd nhin nhdn va danh gia cao Ben canh dd, su hd trg ciia thdy cd cdn dugc the hien d nhirng hoat dgng ngoai Idp hgc: thdy cd lang nghe, chia se tam tu ciia hge sinh; thdy ed day hge sinh each tu the hien ban than, ddng vien, khich le va giiip dd hge sinh tham gia cae hoat ddng xa hdi Sir hd trg cua nha trudng gdm ed: sir ddng vien, khich le khen thudng kip thdi cLia nha trudng hge sinh cd tich tdt, cac boat ddng ngoai gid len Idp ma nha trucmg td chiic cho hgc sinh va co sd vat chdt cua nha trudng hd trg cac em hgc tap Bdng 3: Tuang quan giita cdm nhgn hgnh phitc a truang vd su ho tra ciia ban be, thdy co vd nhd truang Cam nhan hanh phuc Su ho tra ciia ban be 0.857** Sir ho tro ciia thay co 0.824** Sir ho Iro ciia nha trironc 0.199** Kel qua nghien ciru cho lha\- he sd luong quan Pearson giira cam nhan hanh phuc d trudng vdi su ho trg cua ban bi: la 0.857 (p < 0.01); \di su ho trg cua th§y co la 0,824 (p < 0,01); vdi nha trirdng la 0.199 (p < 0.01) Diau dd cd nghia la nhirng hgc sinh dugc ban be tin tudng tdn trgng giup hgc lap, chia se nhirng phien Idng, khdng canh tranh, ghen ti thi co cam nhan hanh 64 TAP CHI TAM Vi HOC, Sd (2 19), - 2017 phiic d muc eao han cac ban hgc sinh it nhan duge su hd trg tir ban be Cd the thdy, su hd trg ciia ban be rdt quan trgng ddi vdi nhimg cam xiie tieh cue cua hgc sinh (nhu cam thdy hai long, vui ve, thoai mai) tdi trudng Dii lieu cQng cho thay, su hd trg ciia thdy ed ed mdi quan he rdt chat vdi cam nhdn hanh phiic cila hgc sinh THPT VTnh Bao, he sd Pearson la 0,824 Sd lieu cho phep hiiu rang, thai va each iirng xu cua thdy cd vdi hgc sinh cd lien quan true tiep tdi niem vui, su hai long, thoai mai cua hgc sinh tdi trudng Trong trudng hgc, thay cd quan tdm, chu y, ddng vien, khich le hge sinh, nhiing cd gang ciia hgc sinh dugc thay cd ghi nhan, dae biet sir ddi xir cdng bang gid hgc cua cae thay ed cd quan he manh me vdi cam nhan hanh phiic ciia hoc sinh d trudng Nhirng hgc sinh thudng xuyen dugc thdy cd khich le, dgng vien, dugc ghi nhdn ed cd gang va duge ddi xir cdng bang thudng xuyen cam thay hanh phiic han nhirng em it duge thay cd quan tdm khich le hay it dugc ddi xir cdng bang Tdng hgp cae eau tra Idi eho cau hdi: "Dieu gi d trudng khien em thich nhat?", ket qua eho thdy, gan 2/3 sd hge sinh eho rang dieu thich nhat den trudng la duge gap gd thdy cd, thay cd than thien, vui tinh, dugc thay cd quan lam, khieh le hgc tap Nhu vay, cd ca sd de khang dinh rang, thai do, each ling xir cua thay cd vdi hge sinh Trudng THPT VTnh Bao cd the cd anh hudng rdt Idn den cam nhdn hanh phiie ciia hgc sinh Bang cung eho thdy, cd tuong quan thuan giira cam nhdn hanh phiic d trudng ciia hge sinh va su hd trg tir phia nha trudng he sd Pearson la 0,199 va tin cay 99% Dieu cd nghia la nha trudng eang ed nhieu hoat ddng tac ddng tieh cue den hgc sinh thi hgc sinh cang cam thay hanh phiie Dac biet sir ddng vien, khen Ihudng ciia nha trudng cac em dat tich tdi cd tuang quan manh han ca den cam nhan hanh phiie ciia cac em, he sd Pearson la 0.36 va tin cdy la 99% nhien, tuong quan ed y nghTa ve mat thdng ke nhung khdng manh Tuang quan giua cdm nhdn hgnh phiic a truang vai cdc yeu to hoc tap Nghien cuu xem xet mdi quan he ciia cam nhan hanh phuc d trudng vdi cac yeu td nhu ap luc hgc tap, thai hgc lap va kel qua hoc tap Ap luc hgc tap dugc d cac khia canh: Diem sd, khd ciia bai kiem tra ddi vdi nang luc ciia hgc sinh sd lugng bai tap ap lire thi cii, kiem tra Thai hgc tap bao gdnr Su nghiem liic cac ky thi va kiem tra ehii y nghe giang tren Idp, ghi chep bai day du, hang hai phat bieu tren Idp va cham ehi lam bai tap d nha Kel qua hgc lap bao gdm diem trung binh cac mdn ky g;in nhdt TAPCHITAMLVHOC, Sd6(2l9) 6-2017 65 Bdng 4: Tucmg quan glUa cdm nhdn hanh phiic d trudng vd cdc yeu to hoc tap Cac yeu to hoc tap Cam nhSn hanh phuc Ap lire hgc tap -0,577** Thai hoc tap Ket qua hgc tap -0,056 0,013 Ghi chii- **: khip< 0,01 Dir lieu bang chi rang, ap lire hgc tap cd tucfng quan nghich vdi cam nhan hanh phiic, he sd tuong quan Pearson la -0,577 (p < 0,01) Ket qua cho thay, hgc sinh cang it chiu ap lire hgc tap, cang cam thay hanh phuc va ngugc lai, cac em chiu ap luc hgc tap cang nang ne thi cang it cam thay hanh phiic den trudng, nhirng hgc sinh dd thudng cam thay rat kem vui, lo lang va met mdi He sd tuong quan giira ap luc hgc tap vdi menh de thang Cam nhan hanh phiic la "£m cdm thdy lo lang den trudng'^ va "£m cdm thdy met mdi den truong'' Ian lugt la -0,573 va -0,470, vdi tin eay 99% Cd the thay, cae hgc trd cang chiu nhieu ap luc hgc tap thi cang it cam thay hanh phiic va cang lo lang, met mdi tdi trudng Ket qua khao sat cQng cho thiiy, earn nhan hanh phuc va thai hgc tap cda hgc sinh THPT VTnh Bao khdng cd mdi tuong quan cd y nghTa vj mat thdng ke Dieu dd cd nghTa la khdng cd mdt quy luat ndi len rang, hgc sinh cd thai hgc tap tdt thi cam thay hanh phuc hon nhirng hge sinh cd thai hgc tap khdng tdt va ngugc lai Ket qua nghien eiiu cung cho thjy, cam nhan hanh phuc khdng song hanh vdi ket qua hgc tap ciia hgc sinh dugc khao sat Hgc sinh dat kit qua hgc lap cao hay thap khdng licin quan dgn cam nhan hanh phuc trudng hgc Hge sinh dat ket qua hgc tap cao khdng catn thSy hanh phuc hon hgc sinh dat kgt qua hgc tap ehira cao Mdt didu dang luu y la, mac dii ap luc v6 didm sd hgc tap tuong quan chat che vdi cam nhan hanh phuc nhirng kdt qua hgc t.ip tdt cung khdng lam cac cm cam thay hanh phiic hon Ngugc lai, nhirng kdt qua hgc lap khdng cao cung khdng lain cac em it cairt thjy hanh phiic hon Ket luan Nghien ciru ve cairi nhan hanh phiic d Irudng hgc ciia hgc sinh trudng IHPl Vinh Bao cho thay mdt so diem sau; (1) Cac cm hgc sinh cua trucmg cd sir phiin hda rd net cam nhan hanh phiic, nhieu em thudng xuyen cam thiy hanh phitc Idi Irudng nhirng sd tre hiSm cd trai nghiem hanh phiic d 66 TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, Sd (219), - 2017 trudng chidm ty le khdng nhd; (2) Nam va nit khong khic biet ve mirc cam nhan hanh phuc; (3) Hgc sinh khdi 10 it cam thay hanh phiic nhit v4 khoi 11 cim thSy hanh phiic nhit sd khdi Idp; (4) Cdm nh&i hjiih phiic cOa hgc sinh cd tuong quan thuan, chit che vdi sir ho trg cila thSy cd, ban be va tu danh gia ban than va tuong quan ydu hon vdi sir hd trg ctia nha trudng; (5) Cam nhan hanh phiic trudng ed tuong quan nghich, tuong doi chat che vai ap luc hgc tSp nhung khdng cd mdi tuong quan vdi thai dg hgc tap v4 kdt qui hgc tap Tir kft qud tren, cd the thay rang, su hd trg v6 mat tinh than cho hgc sinh la rit quan trgng, ddng thdi viec giam ap lire hgc tilp d trudng la vd ciing can thife dd moi ngiy hge sinh den trudng la mdt vui, de hgc sinh cam thay hai Idng, thgai mai d6n trucmg Ket qua nghien ciru ddng gdp m$t phan quan trgng cho cdng tac hgc dudng trudng hgc Nhung yeu td can tac ddng manh me d6 hgc sinh cam thiy hanh phiic hon iin trudng la tang SIT hd trg tinh thin cho hgc sinh, giiip hgc sinh phat trijn mdi quan he ban be than thiet va giam ap luc hgc tSp tir phia trudng lop, ddng thdi giiip hgc sinh giam ap lire hgc tip ma chinh eac em tu dat cho ban thin Tai lieu tham khao Cummin R.A., Lau A.L.D., Personal Wellbeing Index - School Children (PWI-SC), 3^ Edition, Manual 2005, Published by Australian Centre on Quality of Life, School of Psychology, Deakin University, ISBN: 74156 051 9, 2010 Diener E.D., Subjective Well-Being - The Science of Happiness and a Proposal for a National Index, American Psychologist, Vol 55, No 1, pp 34 - 43, DOI: 10.1037// 0003-066X.55.1.34, 2000 Diener E.D., Scollon C.N & Lucas R.E., The evolving concept of subjective wellbeing: The mullifdceted nature of happiness In E Diener (Ed.), Assessing well-being: The collected works of Ed Diener Vol 39 pp 67 - 100, London UK: Springer, 2009 Oilman R & Huebner E.S., Characteristics of adolescents who report very high life satisfaction Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 35 (3), pp 311 - 319, 2006 Huebner E.S., Correlates of life satisfaction in children School Psychology Quarterly, 6(2), pp 103-111, 1991a Layard R., Hagell A., Healthy young minds transforming the mental health of children Report of the WISH Mental Health and Well-being in Children Foram, 2015, www.wish-qatar.org/app/media/download/1432, 2015 Seligman M.E.P., Flourish Sydney, Australia: Randoin House Australia, 2011 Shoshani Anat, Steinmetz Sarit, Positive Psychology at School: A School-Based Intervention to Promote Adolescents' Mental Health and Well-Being, Journal of Happiness Studies, DOI: 10.1007/sl0902-013-9476-l, 2013 TAPCHiTAMiyHOC, 566(219), 6-2017 67 10 Tabbodi Meimanat, Hassan Rahgozar, Mohammad Mozaffari Makki Abadi, The Relationship between Happiness and Academic Achievements, European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, Vol 4, No 1, Special Issue on New Dimensions in Economics, Accounting and Management, ISSN: 1805-3602,2015 11 The Children's society, The good childhood report 2013, https://www.children ssociety org.uk/what /the-good-childhood-report 2013 12 The Children's society The good childhood report 2014, https://www.children ssociety org.uk/what /the-good-childhood-report 2014 13 The Children's society, The good childhood report 2015, htlps://www.children ssociety org.uk/what /the-good-chiidhood-report20I5 14 The Children's society, 77?^ good childhood report 2016, https://www childrenssocieU org.uk/what /the-good-childhood-report2016 15 The International Wellbeing Group, Personal Wellbeing Index - Adult (PWI-A) S"" Edition Manual 2013, Published by Australian Centre on Quality of Life, School of Psychology, Deakin University, ISBN: 978-1-74156-177-7 2013 16 Verkuyten M & Thijs J., School salisfaclion of elementary school children The role of performance, peer relations, ethnicity and gender Social Indicators Research, 59(2), pp.203 -228,2002 68 TAPCHITAMLVHOC So {219), - ... sinh ihudng xuyen cam thay hanh phiic tdi trudng chiem hon 1/3 tdng sd hgc sinh dugc nghien ciru day la nhirng hgc sinh ludn ludn cam thay vui ve, hai long va thoai mai den trudng Ty le hgc sinh. .. gan gap Ian ty le hgc sinh khdng cam thay hanh phiic Mac dii ty ie hoc sinh khdng cam thay hanh phiic chi bang 1/3 sd hgc sinh cam thay rai hanh phiic va bang 1/10 sd hgc sinh dugc nghien ciru... sinh, nhiing cd gang ciia hgc sinh dugc thay cd ghi nhan, dae biet sir ddi xir cdng bang gid hgc cua cae thay ed cd quan he manh me vdi cam nhan hanh phiic ciia hoc sinh d trudng Nhirng hgc sinh