Mối quan hệ giữa nhìn nhận về tiêu điểm kiểm soát và tính tích cực học tập của học sinh trung học phổ thông

MOI QUAN HE G I Q A NHIN NHAN VE TIEU DIEM KIEM SOAT VA TINH TICH CUC HOC TAP CUA HOC SINH TRUNG HOC PHO THONG Bai vi^'t n^y la met phan ket qua nghi§n CLTU cQa de tai cap ca sec Tieu diem kiem soat tinh tich ctrc hoc tap cOa hoc sinh trung hoc thong a Ha Noi; Vien Tam ly lipc chO tri; ThS Tran Anh Chau lam chu nhiem PGS.TS Le Thj Thanh Huang Vien Tdm ly hoc ThS Tran Anh Ch^u Pho Trudng phong Phong Tdm ly hgc ca bdn, Vien Tdm ly hgc » TOM TAT Ket qud khdo sdt tren 174 hoc sinh THPT thdnh phd Hd Ndi cho thdy nhin nhdn cua hgc sinh ve tieu diem kiem mat cd the du bdo ve tinh tich cue hgc tap cua cdc em Nhin chung, neu hoc sinh cdng de cao vai tro cd tinh quyel dinh cua cdc yeu td ben bdn thdn moi ngudi doi vdi thdnh cong hay thdt bgi Irong hoc tap ndi rieng, cugc sdng ndi chung thi cdc em cdng tich cue hgc tap Tu- khoa: Tieu diem kiem sodt, Tinh tich cue hgc tap Ngdy nhdn bdi: 4/3/2017; Ngdy duyet ddng bdi: 25/5/2017 ABSTRACT The study was conducted on 174 high school students in Ha Noi The result showed that how students perceived their locus of control predicted their learning activeness In general, the more students appreciated the decisive role of internal factors in their success or failure, the more active they are in study Key words: Locus of control; Active study I Dat van de Moi quan he gi&a nhin nhan \ c tieu diem kiem soat va nt) lire hanh dong ciia ca nhan la mot chu de dugc nhieu nha tam ly hoc quan tam Nhieu nghien TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, So (219), - 2017 49 ciiu da cho thiy ring,, su quy gan nhiing nguyta nhta ciia cong hay that b?i rit cd the sg dua din nbiJng thinh cdng hay tbit b?i tuong ilng tuong lai Ching han, mgt ngudi dat tich rit cd ntag bi sir c6 ging, nlu ngudi iy cho ring bi thdng minh v i titih than lam viec chatn chi la nguyta nhta ctia kit qua Tri thdng minh la ylu td ben bong, cd tinh on djnh, tinh thin lim viec cham chi li ylu td nim bdng svt kilm soat cua hg Ddng thdi, ngudi dd ciing se khdng nta Idng nlu cho ring thit bai la nguyen nbta khich quan (ylu td bta ngoii), khdng dn djnh Ngugc lai, nta eon ngudi quy gan sir thinh cdng la nhiing ylu td khach quan, khdng dh djnh (vi du, sir may min) hoac quy gta cho su thit bsii li cac die dilm chu quan, dn djnh thi hg cd the ngimg cd ging Qua tim hilu dac dilm nhta each cua nhting ngudi ludn nd lire de dat dugc muc tita cao nhat cd tbi, mgt sd tie gii thiy ring, nhting ngudi dd thudng bn vio ntag dat thinh tieb, ludn danh gia cao ntag lire bta thin; coi trgng bich nhiem ca nbta cac thinh cdng cua hg va sin stag tilp nban bach nhiem (Elliot A.J vi Sheldon K.M (1997), Elliot A.J v i Harackiewicz J.M (1996) vi nhiing nghita ciiu khic - din theo Peter D Spear, Steven D Penrod, Timothy B Baker, 1988; Barry'D Smith, 1998) Ndi each kbac, nhiing ngudi ludn nd lire de dat muc tita thudng de cao vai bd ctia nhirng ylu td bta bong, thudc ve hg bong viec quylt djnh thtah cdng bay thit bai cua ban thta Tim hieu ky vgng ctia ca nhan ve tinh hita qui ciia ban than, Bandura nhta thay, nilm tin vig kha ntag ma ban thta cd thi dat duge nhiing ket qua dang mong dgi mdt tinh hudng nhat djnh la mdt sd nhimg ky vgng ve mat nban tbire quan trgng nhat quy djnh binb vi Niem tin giup ca nbta cd the sii dung ntag luc mdt each thich hgp nhiing tinh hudng cu the, anh hudng din mirc bta tdn cac nd luc va khoang thdi gian mdt ca nhta tiep tue cd ging de cdng (dta theo Barry D Smith va Harold J Vetter, 2005) Trta co sd moi quan b? giira nhin nhta ve tita dilm kilm soat vi nd lire hanh ddng cua ca nhta, mdt sd nha nghita ciiru cbo rtag, cd thi huin luyta, dio tao ngudi thay ddi md hinh quy gan eiia hg dl lim ttag tinh than nd lire cd ging thinh cdng cua bg nude ta, nghien cim cua Le Vta Hao vl ling phd vdi tbita tai bao lut cua ngudi dan vtag ven biln Bie Trung Bg" cung cbg thiy, nhiing ngudi bn nhieu hon vao no lire, cd gSng ciia minh qua trinh irng phd vdi tbita tai (tire la ed tita diem kiem soat bta cao bon) thudng bay sir dung cieb iirng phd dinh hudng giai quyet van dl nhilu hon phong each irng phd ne tranh hay bm kilm hd trg (Le Van Hao, 2014) Nghien cim dugc thye hita nbim xac djnh mdi quan he giOa nhin nbta ve tita diem kilm soat va tinh tich eye hgc tap cua hgc sinh THPT 50 TAP CHI TAM L? HOC, Sd (219), - 2017 II Mau va phirovg phap nghiSn ciru MSu nghien cAu Mau nghita cim gdm 200 hgc sinh tai bai trudng THPT loai bung buih thugc Quta Hoitjg Mai, dianh phd Ha Ndi Dd li Trudng THPT Trin Nhan Tdng va Trudng THPT Dota Kit Cic hgc sinh thudc miu nghita cim khic vl gidi tinh, hgc lire, lap hgc (lap 10 vi Idp 12), binh dao tao ciia bd/me, miic sdng gia dinh Cac hgc sinh niy tham gia b i Idi btag hdi Tuy nbita, cd mgt sd phita khdng dap img yta ciu vl tinh diy dil thdng tm nta chi cd 174 philu dugc dua vio xir ly Phuangphap nghiin ciiru Phuong phap nghita ciiu chinh la khio sat bing btag hdi Trong btag bdi, cd nhilu mtah dl dugc thilt kl dl hinh hai thang vl hai vin de ma nbOng ngudi ngbita cilu quan tam Dd li: 1) Nhin nban ve tita diem kilm soat ddi vdi cugc sdng va viee hgc tap cua bgc sinh THPT; 2) Tinh tich cue hgc tip ciia hgc sinh Mdi mtah de ed phuong in b i Idi, tuong iing vdi di6m sd nhu sau: Khdng dtag; Kbdng dtag lam; Ve co ban li dtag va Hota toiti dung Ngoai ra, bing hdi cdn cd mdt sd cau hdi md v i mdt sd cau bdi vd dac diem nhan khau ciia hgc sinh Xu ly da li^u khao sal Cac dir lieu thu dugc tir khao sat thuc tita dugc xii ly btag phan mem SPSS Mdt sd phep phan tich md ti vi phan tich suy luta sau diy da dugc sii dung: Phan tich yeu td, phan tich tin cay, phin tich md t i (%, DTB), phan tich bdi quy tuyta tinh va hdi quy logistic Xir ly tin cay cbo thay, thang nhin nhta chung ciia bgc sinh THPT ve tita diem kiem soil (gdm 21 menh de) cd dd tin cay Alpha ciia Cronbach chuin hda li 0,827 Dua vio ndi dung cac mtah dl, thang niy cd the tich hai ti^u thang do: tieu thang Tita diem kiem soit lita quan dta cugc sdng (cd dd tin cay Alpha cua Cronbach chuin hda bing 0,764) va tilu thang Tita dilm kilm soat lita quan din ket qua hgc tap (cd tin cay Alpha cua Cronbach chuan hda bang 0,674) Thang Tinh tich cue bgc tap eiia bgc sinh gdm 18 mtah de, tin cay Alpha cua Cronbach chuan hda btag 0,89 Cdch ddnh gid Ddi vdi tirng mtah de mdi thang do, DTB cang cao tbi ndi dung dugc the hita cing ro TAP CHI TAM Vi HOC, Sd (219), - 2017 51 Ddi vdi thang Nhin nhjn cila hgc sinh vl tieu dilm kilm soat chuiig, tilu thang Tita dilm kilm soat bong hgc tap v i tilu thang Tita dilm kilm soit cugc sdng, DTB ctag cao thi hgc sinh ctag de cao vai trd quylt djnh cua cac ylu td bta Ddi vdi thang Tinh tich cue hoc tap ciia hgc sinh, DTB ctag cao thi cac em cing tich cue hgc tap III Kit qua nghien ciiu Nhttng phta tich dudi day tra Idi chg mdt sd cau hdi lita quan dta mdi quan be gitta nhin nhin cua hgc sinh THPT vl tieu dilm kilm soit vi tinh tich eye hgc tip cua cac em Cdu hdi thir nhdt: Nhin nhta ciia hgc sinh ve tita diem kiem soit ed tie ddng din bnh tich eye hgc tap cda cic em bay khdng? Bang I: Tinh tich cue hoc tap cua hoc sinh Cac phiro-ng an tra IM (%) DTB DLC 29,3 2,89 0,93 21,8 7,5 2,02 0,93 31,6 35,6 17,3 2,55 0,95 Tot CO thoi quen tu hgc d nha ma khong 24,1 can phai nhac nhd 35,1 24,1 16,7 2,33 1,02 Toi CO gang danh nhieu thai gian de hoc 23,0 onha 32,8 29,3 14,9 2,36 1,00 Toi luon on lai kiln thirc da hgc, tranh khong de quen 14,4 36,8 28,7 20,1 2,55 0,97 Toi thuimg co gang de tu tim each giai cac bai tap 12,1 41,4 30,5 16,0 2,51 0,90 Ngoai bai giang ciia thiy co giao, toi thuong tim higu them kien thirc qua thu vien, sach tham khao, internet, ban be,,, 13,8 33,3 36,2 16,7 2,56 0,93 9, Toi hay trao doi ngi dung bai vai cac ban Idp 8,0 11,5 52,3 28,2 3,01 0,85 Cac y kien/nh^n dinh Toi la ngucri ghi chep bai cin than tren Idp 8,6 23,0 39,1 Toi la ngir6i hang hai phat bi6u y ki€n gid hoc, cac buoi thao luan 35,1 35,6 Khi CO van de chira hieu, toi se h6i thay 15,5 CO giao 52 TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, Sd (219), - 2017 10 T6i dl kl hoach hoc tSp truac mil ky hgc 22,4 37,4 25,3 14,9 2,33 0,97 11 Toi hoan nhirng nhi?m vu hgctap 10,9 31,1 40,8 17,2 2,64 0,89 12 Doi t6i da van dung kign thirc dugc hgc v^g cuoc sine 7,4 15,5 42,0 35,1 3,05 0,90 21,8 32,8 26,4 19,0 2,43 1,03 14 Tdi cam thiy hirng thu hoc tSp 11,5 40,3 35,6 12,6 2,49 0,86 15 Trong viec hgc tap, t6i xac dinh rg r^ng cac myc tieu va phin diu vi nhiing muc tieu n^y 7,4 29,9 39,7 23,0 2,78 0,89 16 Nhirng kho khan, thach thirc hgc t^p kh6ng lam toi cam thiy chan nan 16,7 47,1 25,9 10,3 2,30 0,87 17 Toi eg the tim cac each khac de giai quylt nhirng kho khan hoc tap 5,8 33,9 42,5 17,8 2,72 0,82 18 Toi de dang thuc hien, ap dung cac phuong phap mai hoc tap 17,3 41,4 28,7 12,6 2,37 0,91 2,55 0,53 13 Toi thich tu dat cau hoi, dua gi^ thuyet, tim kiem thong tin, bSng chOmg dl chung minh hay bac bd ve mgt van dl ngi dung hgc tap Toan thang (BTB thap nhat=1,22; BTB cao nhat=3,83) Ghi chu: Cdc phuong dn trd lai nhu sau: Khong dimg; Khong dung lam; Ve co bdn id dung: Hoan todn dimg DTB ihang cang cao the hien cdc em cdng tich cue hoc tap Ket qua ngbita ciiu cho thay, nhin tdng the, hgc sinh mau nghita ciiu de cao vai trd ciia cac y^u td bdn trong, song nhin nhta ciia cac em, cac yta td ben ngoii ciing vin cd su chi phdi d miic nhat djnh (DTB cua thang chung vl tita dilm kiem soat = 2,96; DLC = 0,41) (xem them Le Thj Thanh Huong, Tran Anb Chta, 2016) Trong hgc tap, hgc sinh cd tich eye, song chua that nd lye (DTB thang = 2,55; DLC = 0,53) Hgc sinh Idp 12 la nhttng bgc sinh eudi cap, song cung kbdng ed khic biet ve tinh tich eye hgc tap so vdi cac em Idp 10 Nhung bgc sinh nhan thay dugc inh hudng ciia viec tich eye hgc tip den cugc sdng sau niy tbi tich eye hgc tip ban so vdi nhirng em kbdng nbta thiy dilu dd (p < 0,05) Phan tich tuong quan giira nhin nhta vl tita dilm kilm soat chung, tita diem kiem soat eude sdng hay bgc tap ndi ritag vdi tinh bch eye hge tap eiia bgc sinh cho thay giua chung cd tuong quan thuta vdi cac mirc TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, Sd (219), - 2017 53 khac Khi cic em cing dl cao vai trd cd tinh quylt djnh ciia nhttng ylu td bta thudc vl ngudi (nhu sy nd lye, cham chi) tbi cac em cang tich eye bgc tap Ngugc lai, hgc sinh cing de cao vai trd cd tinh quyet djnh cua nhimg ylu td ben ngoii (nhu sd phta, sy may, riii hay nhimg ylu td ben ngoai khac) thi tinh tieb eye bgc tap cua cac em cing giam Bang 2: He sd tuong quan vd hoi quy dan nhdt giOa nhin nhdn ve tieu diim kiem sodt vd tinh tich cue hoc tap cua hoc sinh Bien phu thuoc Tinh tich ctrc ligc tap cda hoc sinh Tieu diem kiem soat chung Bien tac dong Tieu diem Idgm soat hoc tap Tieu diem kiem soat cuoc song r e r r^ r 1^ 0,422** 0,173*** 0,546** 0,294*** 0,27** 0,068*** Ghi chic **, p < 0.01; ***; p < 0,001 r - he so luang quan pearson; r^ - he so hoi quy dan hieu chinh Nhin nhta ciia hgc sinh mau nghien cim ve tita diem kiem soat chung la mdt bien cd tac dtag kha manh den tinh tich eye hgc tap cua cac em, Sy thay ddi nhin nhta chung ciia hgc sinh ve tieu dicin kiem soat cd the giai thich dugc 17,3% (p < 0,001) nhirng thay ddi tinh tich eye hgc tap, Va mac dii, hgc sinh^ miu nghien ciru nhan manh hon vai trd cd tinh quylt dinh cua nhirng yeu td bta ddi vdi cugc sdng (Le Thj Thanh Huong, Trin Anh Chta, 2016) so vdi vta de hgc tap, song ket qua phta tich hdi quy don nhit cho thiy, nhin nhta ciia cac em ve lieu diem kiem soat hgc tap lai la biln cd tac dtag manh him den tinh tich cue hgc tap cua cac em, Sy thay ddi cua biln cd thi giai thich dugc khoang 29,4% (p < 0,001) nhung thay ddi tinh tich eye hgc tap ciia cac eiu, Trong dd sy thay doi nhin nhta cita cac em vl tieu dilm kilm soil cugc sdng chi cd Ihl giai Ihich dugc khoang 6,8% (p < 0,001) cho vin dc Cdu hoi thir 2: Khi bien lac dgng la nhin nhta ciia hgc sinh vl tieu dilm kiem soat chung dugc ket hgp vdi mgt sd biln khac nhu gidi tinh, Idp hoc (lop 10 hay 12) hgc lire, trinh hgc vin/dao tao cua bd/ine mirc sdng gia dinh va nhin nhan ctia hgc sinh \'c vai trd cua viec tich cue hgc tap ddi vdi cudc sdng sau thi ind hinh hdi quy logicslic du bta tinh lich ctjc hgc tap cita hgc sinh (bien phu thugc) se bao gdm nhirng ylu td nao? m sir diing phep piiiin lich hoi quy logicslic lugt s6 biln da dugc quy udc nhu sau: TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, So (219l, - 2017 Theo tinh tich cue hoc tap, hoc sinh mau nghien cuu duoc chia nhom nhu sau: Nhom - ichong tich cue hoc tap (DTB thang co gia tri tir 2,5 tra xudng); Nhom - tieh cue hoc tap {DTB thang co gia tri idm hon 2,5 din dilm) - Theo hgc lue, hoc sinh dugc phan mue: gioi, kha, trung binh (ty le hoc sinh co hoe luc yeu rat thap, khong dang ke) - Theo trinh hoc eiia bo/me, co nhom: nhom khong dugc dao tao nghe, gom nhung nguai co trinh ti6u hoe hoac trung hoe ea sa hoac trung hoc thong; Nhom dugc dao tao ngha, g6m nhung nguai dugc dao tao tir trung cap tro len Bien miic song ciia gia dinh khong duge dua vao phan tich vi ty le so hoc sinh eo mue song gia dinh a mirc kha, giau hoac kho khan cung thap ban nhieu so vai nhom eo muc trung binh va so lugng gia dinh hge sinh thugc nhom giau hoac kho khan cGng kha nho, it hon 30 gia dinh Ket qua phan tich hoi quy logiestic cho thay, ca bien dgc lap dugc dua vao phan tieh (gom nhin nhan cua cac em ve tieu diem kiem soat chung, giai tinh, lop hgc (lap 10 hay 12), hgc luc, trinh dp dao tao ciia bo/me va nhin nhan eiia hgc sinh ve vai tro ciia viec tich cue hgc tap doi vai cugc song sau nay) va bien tich cue hgc tap la bien phu thugc thi chi co bien nhin nhan cua hgc sinh ve tieu diem kiem soat chung la co tac dgng a muc co y nghTa thong ke (p < 0,001) den tinh tich cue hgc tap ciia cac em Ket qua thu dugc cung tuang tu nhu vay thay bien nhin nhan ve tieu diem kiem soat chung bang cac bien nhin nhan ve tieu diem kiem soat hgc lap hoac cuoc song cua hgc sinh Ket qua phan tieh hoi quy tuyen tinh va hoi quy logistic tren day cho thay nhin nhan ve tieu diem kiem soat ehung, dac biet la nhin nhan ve tieu diem kiem soat hgc tap cua hge sinh THPT la nhung yeu to co tae dgng kha manh den linh tich cue hgc tap cua cac em Nhung kel qua la co so quan trgng cho phep de xual cac khuyen nghj nham ihiic day tich cue hgc tap cua hgc sinh TiiPT Tom lai nhin nhan ciia hgc sinh 'I'HPT ve lieu diem kiem soat co the du bao dugc linh tich cue hgc lap cua cac em Nhin chung, neu hgc sinh cang de cao vai Iro quyel dinh ciia cac yeu to ben doi vai cong hay that bai cugc song noi chung hge tap noi rieng thi cac em cang lich cue hgc tap Vi \ay nang cao niem tin cua hgc sinh vao kha nang ciia ban than viee quyel dinh cong hgc tap la vice lam quan trgng de nang cao tinh lich cue hgc tap ciia cac em Dc lam dugc didu ihco chiing toi can chii >' nliung van de sau day: TAP CHi TAM LY HOC, So (219), - 2017 55 Lim sach mdi trudng nbi ttudng li mdt viec lim can thiet de nang cao nilm tin cua bgc sinh ve vai trd cua nhttng yta td bta mdi ci nban ddi vdi cdng bgc tap, qua dd nang cao tinh tich eye hgc tap cua cac em Ndi mdt each cy tbi ban, nha trucmg, mdt mat, cin cd nhimg quy djnh rd rang vl quta ly ngudi vi cac mdi quan he nha trudng de giim thiiu nhung hita tugng tieu eye cd tinh cd y; mat Idiic, can cii tita each chim bai eiia giao vien hoac xay dyng cie phan mem cham bai kiem tra, bii tbi eua hgc sinh nbim nang cao tinh chinh xac va tinh khach quan viee danh gia ket qua hgc tap ciia cac em Mdt yeu td khac lam giam niem tin cua hgc sinh vao nang quyet dinh cdng cua chinh minh la cac em chua kiem soil tdt nhung sy cd bat ngd cd the xay lam bai thi bai kiem tra Vi vay, nha trudng can ket hgp vdi phu huynh hgc sinh xay dyng va trien khai chucmg trinh rta luyta ky ntag quan ly bta than cho bgc sinh Nang cao chat lugng giao due dac biet, ndi dung giao due phai bam sat va dap img nhu cau cudc sdng, dap irng nhung ddi bdi cua sy phat trien cua dat nude Nhirng kien thirc va ky nang cac em hgc dugc d nha trudng phai thye su cd ich cho cugc sdng ciia cac em ndi chung va cbo boat ddng nghe eiia cac em tuong lai ndi rieng Cd nhu vay, hgc sinh mdi nhan thay rd vai trd ciia viec tich eye hgc tap ddi vdi cugc sdng cua cac em qua dd cac em mdi cd the tri va nang cao tinh than nd luc hgc tap Tai lieu tham khao 1, Le Van Mito, Tieu diem kiem sodt hen hay hen ngodi Tap chi Tam ly hoc, So 11/2014 2, Le Thi Thanh Huong Trta Anh chau, }ihin nhdn eua hoc sinh THPT vi lieu diem kiem soul hoc Idp vd aide sdng, Tap chi Tam ly hoc, S l 12/2016 3, Barry D, Smith va Harold ,1, Veltcr, Cdc hoc thuyit vS nhdn cdch NXB Van hoa • Thong ttn, 2005 4, Barr> I) Smith, Psvcholog)' 1998 Scien * Under.slanding Press by Mc draw - Hill, 5, Pclcr D, Spear, Steven I), Penrod, Timothy B, Baker, Psychology behavior Press, John Wiley & Sons 1988, 56 Perspectives on TAP CHi TAM LV HOC, Sd (219|, - 2017 ... ciia hgc sinh, DTB ctag cao thi cac em cing tich cue hgc tap III Kit qua nghien ciiu Nhttng phta tich dudi day tra Idi chg mdt sd cau hdi lita quan dta mdi quan be gitta nhin nhin cua hgc sinh THPT... hoac trung hoe ea sa hoac trung hoc thong; Nhom dugc dao tao ngha, g6m nhung nguai dugc dao tao tir trung cap tro len Bien miic song ciia gia dinh khong duge dua vao phan tich vi ty le so hoc sinh. .. Huong, Tran Anb Chta, 2016) Trong hgc tap, hgc sinh cd tich eye, song chua that nd lye (DTB thang = 2,55; DLC = 0,53) Hgc sinh Idp 12 la nhttng bgc sinh eudi cap, song cung kbdng ed khic biet ve