THÔNG TIN TÀI LIỆU
NHIN NHAN CUA HOC SINH TRUNG HOC PHO THONG VE TIEU DIEM KIEM SOAT TRONG HOC ikP VA TRONG CUOC SONG Bai Viet sir dung sd lieu khao sat cua de tai cap co scf: 77eu diem kiem soiit\ tinh tich cue hoc tap eda ihoc sinh tmng hoc thong d Ha Noi Vi6n T§m lyRoc" chij tri, ThS Tran Anh Chau lam chu nhiem PGS.TS L6 Thi Thanh Huong ThS Tran Anh Chau Vien Tdm ly hoc ^ T6M TAT Khdo sal tren I "-I hpc sinh THPT thdnh phd Hd Npi cho thdy, hpc sinh de cao_ vai Ird cd linh quyet dinh cua cdc yeu Id ben Irong bdn thdn moi ngudi ddi vdi ^ H B thdnh cong hay that bgi Irong cupc song ndi chung, hpc lap ndi rieng ciia cdc em song cdc yeu Id ben ngodi vdn cd su chi phdi d mire dp nhdl dinh Cd nhirng khde biel Irong nhin nhdn cua hpc sinh THPT ve lieu diem kiem sodt xet theo Idp hpc ciia cdc em, trinh dp hpc vdn/ddo lao ciia ho me, mde song gia dinh, theo thuc te cdc em ua thich hay hpc gioi logi mdn hpc ndo vd theo nhin nhgn ciia cdc em vi su dnh hudng ciia viec lich cue hpc tap den cupc song sau ndy Tir khda: Tieu diem kiem sodt: Hpc sinh THPT: Tieu diem kiim sodt Irong hpc Igp .\'gdy nhgn bdi: \7/»/20\6; Ngdy duyit dang hai: 25/11/2016 I Dat van de v i n dg tigu digm kigm soat da dugc nhigu nha tam Iy hpc nude ngoai quan lam nghign cim tir iihOmg nam 1950 cua thg ky Irudc Cac nghign ciiru chu ygu lap trung tim higu vg nhihig vin dg nhu md hinh ligu di^m kigm soat, cac thang do, nhin nhan vg tigu digm kigm soat ddi vdi thinh cdng hay thit bai ciia ca nhan ttx)ng mgt sd ITnh vyc cupc song Kgt qui ciia nhigu nghien curu cho thiy, nhin nhan cua ea nhan vg ligu digm kiem soil cd tac d^ng kha manh dgn 14 TAPCHlTAMiyHOCSd 12 (213), 12-2016 hanh vi eua moi ca nhan Vi va\ lir gdc dp tam ly hpc, hudng ddn nang cao tinh lich eye hanh ddng cua ca nhan day la mgt \ an de rat can dugc quan lam nghign ciiu Tigu diem kigm soat la thuat ngir diing dg nigm lin ciia ca nhan vg \ ice anh la cd kigm soat duge kgt qua/hau qua cua cae hanh ddng sy kien xay ttong cupc sdng eua ban than hay anh la bi kigm soat bdi cac ygu Id bgn ngoai (Corsini R.J 1999) Ndi ham thuat ngir na\ da dugc Julian B Rotter phat trign tir nam 1954 va bat dau lir dd nd ttd mdt khia canh dugc cac nha tam ly hgc quan lam nhihig nghign ciru vg nhan each Ca nhan cd tigu digm kigm soat bgn trong, tin rang cd thg kigm soat dugc cude sdng cua minh, hoac cd tigu digm kigm soat bgn ngoai tin rang cac quvgt dinh \ a cude ddi eiia duge kiem soat bdi cac ygu td mdi trudng ma khdng the tac dgng vao, bdi su may nii hay sd phan cua anh la (Rotter J.B., 1966) Nhigu nghign cim cho thay ring, nigm tin ciia mdt ca nhan vg vai trd quygt dinh ciia nhumg ygu Id bgn hay ben ngoai ddi vdi cdng hay that bai cude sdng la kgt qua cua hpc tap xa hdi la sy due kgt cac kinh nghigm ma ca nhan da trai qua, khai quat hda cac kinh nghiem dd Dgn lue nao dd sy khai quat hda cdc kinh nghiem cd thg tao sy quy gan chu quan cua ca nhan \ e cac nguyen nhan cua cdng hay that bai Ca nhan cd thg quy gan cho cdng hay that bai theo nhOmg each khae nhau, luy thudc vao vi tti cua cae nguygn nhan ma ca nhan quy gan (nguygn nhan nim ban than mdi ca nhan hay nguygn nhan bgn ngoai) vao linh chat eua cac nguygn nhan dd (nguygn nhan cd linh dn djnh hay khdng dn dinh: cd tinh kigm soat dugc ha>- khdng kigm soat duge bdi chu thg quy gan) Sy quy gan nhChig nguygn nhan cua cdng hay that bai, den lugt nd, cd thg se tac dpng dgn hanh \ i cua ca nhan (dan theo Peter D Spear, Steven D Penrod, Timothy B Baker 1988: Robert S Fcldman, 2003) Dimg trgn quan diem eua Tam ly hpc nhan thirc, dg cao vai trd ciia hpc l|ip xa hpi, Bandura dua khai niem "ky vpng \ e linh hieu qua ban than" cd npi ham va vai ttd rat gan vdi khai niem ligu digm kigm soat ma cae tac gia khae sur d^ng Theo dng, ca nhan cd mdi he thdng ban ihan anh hudng manh dgn hanh vi He thdng la lap hgp cac co cau nhan thirc va cac chirc nang phu ciia tri giac, sy danh gia, tir dd d ca nhan hinh ngn ky vpng vg linh hieu qua ban than - miic dp ma ca nhan tin ring minh cd thg dat dugc kgt qua dang mong dgi ttong mpt linh hudng nhat dinh Theo quan digm cua Bandura, ky vgng vg tinh hieu qua eiia ngudi dugc nhan bigt ttong mdt tinh hudng dinh sin cang Idn bao nhieu thi ca nhan cang dan than vao tinh hudng dd biy nhieu va cac no luc se dugc thyc hien bgn bi hon (Barry D Smith va Harold J Vetter, 2005) O nude la, da cd mpt sd tac gia quan tam dgn van dg tigu digm kigm soat Nghign cim ciia Lg Thj Thanh Huong va cdng sy (2013) cho thiy, nhigu doanh TAPCHlTAMiyHOCSd 12(213), 12-2016 15 nhan va cdng nhan nude ta cho rang hp la ngudi chju trach nhiem chinh ttong nhimg cdng hay that bai ciia minh nghTa la hp dg cao vai trd cua nhiing ygu td bgn ttong Nhumg nguygn nhan dan dgn cdng dugc hg ly giai trude hgt la nhimg ygu Id ben ttong xuat phat lit ban than hp ma hp cd the kigm soat dugc hoac nhumg nguygn nhan bgn ngoai ma ehimg myc nhat djnh ciing cd thg kigm soat dugc Nhirng nguygn nhan dan den that bai trude het cung la nhdm cac ygu id cd ciing linh chat nhu vay nhung vg mat ndi dung cd chigu hudng ngugc lai, chang han, nhumg nguygn nhan khach quan khdng cd tinh dn dinh va cd thg khae phue dugc hoac nhihig nguygn nhan bgn nhung cd tinh khdng dn dmh Tim higu nhin nhan ciia nhumg ngudi dan viing ven bign Bac Trung Bd \e ligu digm kigm soat Lg Van Hao (2014) cung cho thay d nhihig ngudi na\ ligu digm kigm soat bgn cao hon han so vdi tigu digm kigm soat bgn ngoai Trong qua trinh itng phd \di nhiing khd khan cude sdng ndi chung, thign tai bao lut ndirigng.hp lin rang nhimg nd lyc, cd gang ciia ngudi la ygu Id quygt dinh nhieu hon Nhung mat khae, hp cung dg cao dang kg vai ttd kigm soat cua nhimg ygu Id ben ngoai nhu sd phan, trdi dat, may nii xa hdi truygn thdng d nude ta vdn dg cao chuyen hpc hanh, thi cii, dat, dg cao tinh eham chi can eu cua ngudi, song dan gian vin cd cau "hpc tai thi phan" vdi ham y ring cupc ddi ndi chung, viec hpc hanh, thi cii ndi rigng cua mdi ngudi cung chiu tic ddng ciia sd phan, cua nhumg digu may, rui ma mdi ngudi khdng kigm soat dugc Trong xa hdi hien nay, vin tdn tai hien lugng cd nhihig hpc sinh da eham chi hpc lap va dat kgt qua tdt sudt nam nhung lai bj digm kem hoac khdng nhu ky vpng cac ky thi quan trpng NhOmg hipn tugng nhir vay lieu ed dugc phan anh danh gia ciia hpc sinh THPT \c nhiing ygu td cd vai trd quygt djnh doi vdi cude sdng ndi chung hay kgt qua hpc t|ip ciia ckc em ndirignghay khdng? Nghign ciiu dugc thue hien mgt phan nham tra ldi cho cau hdi II Mau va phtfong phap nghien cuu MSu nghien ciru Do nhiing digu kien han chg eua de lai ngn nhirng ngudi thyc hien ehi chpn nghign ciru d 2ttudngthupe loaittungbinh ttong phd la Ndi Dd la Trudng THPT Tran Nhan Tdng \a Trudng HIPT Doan Ket thudc quan Hokng Mai Mau nghign cim gdm 200 hpc sinh khoi Idp 10 (2 Idp) va khdi lap 12 (3 Idp) tai hai tnrdng ngu trgn Cac hpc sinh tham gia tra ldi bang hdi Tuy nhign, ed tnpt sd phigu khdng dap img ygu ciu vg linh diy du thdng tin ngn chi cd 174 phigu dugc dua vao xii Iy Cac hpc sinh ihupc miu nghign cim cd mpt sd dac digm dugc trinh bay d bang dudi day '6 TAPCHfTAMiyH0CS6'l2(2l3), 12-2016 \ Bdng 1: Mdt sd ddc diem eiia mdu nghien ciru Bien so dac diem Ty le Bien so dac diem Gioi tinh Hoc lire Nam 38,5 Nu 61,5 Gioi 19,4 Kha 65,0 Trung binh 14,4 Yeu 1,2 Tyle % % Khoi Idp Mirc song gia dinh Lap 10 45.4 Lap 12 54,6 Kha, giau 9,4 Trung binh 83,6 Kho khan 7,0 Cd thg nhan thay ty le % sd khach the Iheo cac ligu ligu ehi ttong timg ligu chi khdng can bing cd nhumg tidu tigu chi cd ly le rat Ihap Vi vay, nhihig sd lieu thu dugc phan tich so sanh chi ngn xem la nhimg sd lieu cd tinh tham khao va cd y nghTa ggi y nhiing digu cin quan lam Phuffng phdp nghien ciru Phuomg phap nghign ciru chinh la khao sat bing bang hdi Trong bang hdi bgn canh thang vg tigu digm kigm soat cua hpc sinh THPT ddi vdi cupc song va viec hpc tap cua ca nhan cdn cd mdt sd cau hdi md va mdt sd cau hdi vg dac digm nhan khau cua ban than hpc sinh Thang tigu digm kigm soat gdm 32 menh dg, dugc xay dyng ttgn co sd tham khao thang ve cung van dg ciia Julian Rotter va cua Terry Pettijohn Mdi sd menh dg da duge nhihig ngudi nghign ciru thich nghi cho phu hgp vdi hgc sinh TI IPT Trong thang cua nghign ciru nay, moi menh dg cd phuong an tta ldi, luong iing vdi digm sd nhu sau: I digm - khdng diing; digm - khdng dung lim; digm - ve co ban la dung; digm - hoan loan diing Xif ly kit qud khdo sdt Cac du Ii?u thu dugc tir khao sat thyc lien dugc xir Iy bing phin mgm SPSS Mdt sd phep phan lich md la va phan lich suy luan sau day da dugc su dung: Phan tich ygu Id, phan tich lin ca> phan lich md la (%, DTB), phan tich so sanh khae biel Sau loai bd nhihig menh dg ed he so luong quan thip vdi nhiing menh de cdn lai, thang ligu diem kigm soat eiia hgc sinh THPT gdm 21 menh dg, cd dp tin ca\ Alpha cua Cronbach chuin hda la 0,827 Theo kgt qua phan lich ygu to, thang chung dugc phan tigu thang la ligu thang tieu TAPCHlTAMiyHOCSd'12(213), 12-2016 17 digm kigm soat bgn %a lieu thang lieu digm kiem soal ben ngoai Neu dya vao ndi dune cac menh dg cd thg tach thang nhin nhan chung cua hpc sinh TUP I", v c ligu digm kigm soat hai lieu thang do: lieu thang tieu digm kigm soat lign quan dgn cude sdng (cd dp tin ca> Alpha ciia Cronbach ehuin hda bine 0,764) \a ligu thang tigu diem kigm soat hen quan den ket qua hgc lap (cd^dd lin cay Alpha eiia Cronbach ehuan hda bang 0.674) Cdeh ddnh gid Khi tinh DTB thang digm ciia cac phuong an tra ldi ddi \m nhihig mgnh dg ttong ligu thang lieu digm kigm soat bgn ngoai da dugc doi ngugc diim Vi vav ddi vdi thang tigu digm kiem soat, ligu thang ticu diem kiem soat hoc tap va ligu thang tigu digm kigm soat cupc sdng v c K thuygi DTB cao nhit = va thip nhit = DTB tharig cang cao phan anh hpc sinh cang dg cao vai trd quygt dinh cua cac ygu td ben DTB d timg menh dg ttong cac thang cang cao thi ndi dung duge dugc xem la cang dugc khing djnh vai ttd III Ket qua nghien ciru thuc tien 3.1 Thuc trgng nhin nhgn eda hoc sinh THPT ve tieu diim kiim scat Kgt qua khao sal thyc tien cho cau tra ldi khing dinh ddi vdi cau hdi ma chiing tdi da neu d tren Nhin tdng thg, hpc sinh miu nghign ciru dg cao vai ttd cua cac >gu id bgn (ching han, sy ty chii, su nd lye cupc sdng va hpc tap cua ca nhan) vice quyet djnh nhirng cdng ha> thit bai cupc sdng ndi chung hay hoc tap ndi ridng cua cac em Song, nhin nhan cua cac em cac v eu Id bgn ngoai (sy may nii hay nhOmg vgu Id bgn ngoai khae) vin cd su chi phdi d mire dp nhat djnh (DTB eda thang chung vg tigu digm kigm soat = 2,96: DLC = 0,41) Sy phan bd gia in DTB ciia mau khach thg nghien cim cho thay rd digu Chi cd 1,1% sd hpc sinh hiu nhu phu nhan lac ddng eua nhiing ygu td ben (cd DTB nhd hon 2) nhung cd tdi 44.3°o s6 em dg cao vai trd cua cae ygu td bgn (cd DTB Idn han 3) DTB thang chung thip nhit bing 1,76 va cao nhit la 3,81 cho thiy, khdng ed hpc sinh nao hoan loan lin vao vai trd cd linh quygt djnh cua sy may nii hay cac v cu id ben ngoai, song cung khdng ed em nao hoan loan lin ring sy no lyc, cd ging ciia moi ngudi chic chin se dem lai cho hp nhirng kgt qua tdt Phan Idn cac cm khing djnh ngudi phai ty quygt dinh sd phan cua minh (91.4°o) tin rang v iec phd mac cho sd phan se khdng dem lai kgt qua tdt bing \ ice ty quygt dinh cupc sdng cua minh (82,7%)) su kign tri va eham chi thudng dan den cdng hgc lap (86,8%) Nhung ciing cd 54.6% sd hpc sinh mau nghien ciru cam thay cude sdng nhu mdt trd choi may rui ddi vdi hau hgt mpi ngudi 42.0" o sd em cho ring hgc cung vd ich vi nhidu 18 TAPCH(TAMLyHOC,Sdl2(2l3), 12-2016 cae cau hdi ttong bai thi khdng lign quan dgn bai hpc \ a 41.4° o sd em khdng tin ring cac thiy cd giao thudng eham digm dung vdi chat lugng lam bai thi ciia hgc sinh Rd rang, nhin nhan cua hgc sinh nhimg yeu Id chu quan thudc \ g ban than mdi ngudi \ a nhiing ygu td bgn ngoai dgu cd nhiing tac ddng nhit dinh dgn cude sdng ndi chung \ a kdt qua hpc tap ndi rigng cua ca nhan dii cae em \ an dg cao hon vai trd cua cac > gu td bgn Irong Bdng 2: Nhin nhdn ciig hoe sinh THPTve tieu diem kiem sodt ddi vdi cupc sdng ndi chung vd kit qud hoe lap ndi rieng Cac phiromg an tra loi DTB DLC 62,1 3.4 0,89 51.2 22.4 2,89 0,83 10,3 38,5 46,0 3.25 0,84 5.2 19,0 34.5 41,3 3.12 0,90 2,3 13.8 29.3 54,6 3,36 0.81 Mpi nhumg Iv chinh cua that bai \i nguori chua co gSng het sue 2,9 13.2 39,1 44.8 3.26 0.80 Nhihig ngircri co diem so cao la nguai hpc l|p chim chi 5.2 24,1 43,7 27,0 2,93 0,85 Con ngudi can phai lu quyet dinh so ph^n ciia minh 4,6 4.0 29.9 61.5 3,48 0,78 Cac thay co giio thir6ng eham diem dung vai chal lupng lam l>ai thi cua hpc sinh 16.1 25,3 33.9 24.7 2,67 1,02 10 Di d^t dupe (hanh cong thi no lire la chinh may chi la phv, th^m chi khong dang ke 5.7 20,1 29.4 44,8 3,13 0,93 11 Svr kien tri v i chim chi thudng din den thinh cong hpc t|p 3,4 9,8 42.0 44,8 3,28 0,78 Cae y kien/nhan dinh Viec mic so phan khdng tot bang tu quyet dinh cupc song cua minh 5,2 12,1 20.6 Khi d3 hpc hanh, on t|ip kT luong thi gan nhu mpi ki thi deu co ket qua tot 6.9 19,5 Neu th|t sir no lire, chung ta co the ngan ngira duac tc nan x3 hpi 5,2 That b^i la thieu ning l(rc, thieu hieu biet hojc lirai bieng Tieu thang tieu diem kiem soat ben Irani r \ Co lam dupe hay khong mpi v ice gi do, la php thupe vao kha ning cua ban than, mav man chi la ph\f ho$c khdng dang kc TAPCHfTAMiyHOCSd 12(213), 12-2016 19 12 D6i vai toi y^u to may man it anh huong den viec tdi co dat dupe dieu minh mudn hav khdng Tieu thang DTB thap nhit = /, 75; DTB cao nlial = 3,92 6.4 42,5 36.2 14.9 2,60 0,82 3,11 0,47 2.24 0,79 Tiiu thang tieu diem kiem soat ben ngoii 8,6 \ Nhieu viec khdng nhu v mudn cupc sdna la van rVii dem lai 13.3 58.6 19.5 Tdi thudng hay hpc "Vii" 26.4 40.8 25,3 7.5 2.14 0.90 Tdi hay phu thudc vao may man hay rui ro hpc hanh thi cu 25.3 48,9 20,7 5.1 2.06 0.82 Tdi thudng bo qua neu gap bai tap khd 10.3 45,4 28,7 15.6 2.49 0.88 Nhieu cac cau hdi bai thi khong lien quan den bai hgc hpc ciing v6 ich 20.1 37,9 24.2 17.8 2.40 1,00 Phan Idn nhirng cdng cua tdi la may 37,4 47,1 12,6 2.9 1.81 0.76 Cupc sdng phy thupe phan Idn vao cac vcu td may rui 31,6 46,0 19.0 3.4 1.94 0.80 Khd cd the kiem scat hay ngin ngira dupe cac t( n^n xi hdi 13.2 31,6 38,5 16.7 2.59 0.91 Cupc sdng gidng nhu la mpi trd chai may rui ddi vdi hau het moi ngudi 12.1 33,3 38,5 16.1 2.59 0.90 Ticu thang BTB thap nhat = 1.22; BTB cao nliat = 3,56 2,25 0,48 Thang chung ve lieu diem kiem sodt BTB thap nh& = 1,76; BTB cao nhat = 3,HI Thang lieu diem kiem soil cupc song DTB thap nhat = 1,69; DTB cao nhat = 3,92 2,96 0,41 3,03 0,43 2,82 0,48 Thang lieu diem kiem soat hpc tjp DTB thap nhat = 1.76; DTB cao nhit = 3,88 Ghi chu: Khi linh DTB thang chung vS lieu diem kiem sodt thi cdc menh cle ihupc lieu thang tieu diem kiem sodt ben ngodi dd dmrc doi ngmrc diem luy nhign, neu so sanh nhin nhan cua hpc sinh ve tigu digm kigm soil ttong cupc sdn| va hpc tap thi thiy ring, du each nhin nhan cua cae em \ e tigu diein kiem soat ttong hai ITnh vuc cd tuong quan thu|n chat chg vdi (he sd tuong quan pearson r -• 0,562; p < 0,01) va dgu dg cao han vai trd 20 TAPCHlTAMiyHOCSd 12 (213), 12-2016 cua nhihig ygu td bgn mdi ngudi song xu hudng nigm lin dd cua cac em dg cap ddn cude sdng ndi chung the hien rd hon so vdi dg cap dgn nhiing \ iec lign quan den hoat ddng hpc lap (vdi cac gia tri DTB la 3.03 so vdi 2,82) Thyc trang da gian tigp phan anh hai hien tugng Thir nhat, dii ttong xa hdi hien cdn nhigu hien lugng tigu eye, song hgc sinh ttong mau nghign cim \ an kha ty lin vao ban than, tin vao kha nang quyet djnh cua ban than ddi vdi cude sdng cua cac em Thii hai, cac kgt qua thu dugc ciing phan anh rang mdi trudng hep lign quan dgn hoat ddng hpc tap ciia hpc sinh da va dang xa\ nhigu hien tucmg lam giam nigm lin ciia cac em ve ban than Vi vay ma vai trd quygt dinh eua nhiing \gu td bgn ttong nhu sy nd luc, eham chi hoc tap ddi vdi kgt qua hoc tap cua hpc sinh da bj giam xudng ttong su> nghT cua cac em thay vao dd, miic dp chi phdi ciia nhirng ygu td bgn ngoai lai tang len 3.2 Khde biet nhin nhgn cua hgc sinh THPT ve tieu diem kiem sodt so sdnh theo mpt sd biin so Bdng 3: Nhin nhdn ciia hpc sinh THPT vi lieu diem kiem sodt ddi vdi cupc sdng hay kit qud hpc tdp ciig cdc em - so sdnh theo mdt sd bien sd Bien so Khoi Idp Thich loai mdn hpc nao Gioi mdn hoc nao D T B chung ve tieu diem kiem soat Khae biet ve D T B chung ve ticu diem kiem soat Ldp 10 3.12 Ldp 12 2.82 Tir nhien 2.98 - T u nhien > khae; p = 0,052 Xihpi 3.01 - X i h d i > k h a c ; p = O.OI3 Ca hai 3.03 - Ca hai > khic; p = 0,014 Khic 2.78 T\f nhien 3,06 Xihpi 2,98 Ca hai 2,85 Khic 2,84 Tich circ hoc tap ed anh huvng den cupc song sau khong? Ldp 10 > Idp 12: p = 0,000 - Tir nhien > khae; p = 0,017 Cd 3.04 Khdng 2.76 - Cd > khdng; p = 0,000 Cihi chii: Trong bang so li^u chi hien Ihi nhOng khde biit cd y nghia thong ke hogc gdn cd y nghia thdng ke Vi ttong bien sd hpc lyc cd lieu nhdm cd ty le sd ngudi qua nhd, ngn \ iec so sanh nhin nhan ciia hpc sinh THPT ve tigu digm kigm soat chi dugc TAP CHI TAM ly HOC, Sd 12 (213), 12 - 2016 21 thyc hien theo mdt sd bign sd nhu gidi linh, khdi ldp, loai mdn hpc dugc hpc sinh ua thich hay hpc gidi, nhin nhan ciia hpc sinh vg vai trd ciia viec lich eye hpc tap ddi vdi cude sdng sau Kgt qua phan tich so sanh cho tha> mpi sd xu hudng sau day: - Hiu nhu khdng cd khae biel nhin nhan cua hpc sinh vg ligu digm kigm soat so sanh theo gidi tinh ciia cac em Xet theo khdi ldp: Trong mau nghign cim cd hai khdi Idp: hpc sinh khdi Idp 10 va hpc sinh khdi Idp 12 Nhin chung hpc sinh ldp 10 de cao \ai trd cd tinh quygt djnh ciia cac >gu td bgn ttong han hpc sinh ldp 12 (p < 0,001) Cac em hoc sinh Idp 10 vira mdi trki qua mdt khoang thdi gian kha dai nd lyc hpc lap dg thi vao mdt trudng THPT ma cac em mong mudn va da dat dugc cdng su nd lyc ciia ban than Vi \a\ cae em cam nhan rd rang ve vai ttd ciia sy no lyc, eham ehi va bigu Urgng \c nhumg gi lign quan den digu cdn in dam ttong lain tti cac em Digu dd ed thg da lam cho hpc sinh ldp 10 de cao hon ^•ai ttd cua sy nd lyc, CO ging cua moi ca nhan ddi vdi cude sdng hay viec hgc tap cua hp Xet theo sy ua thich loai mdn hpc hay hpc gidi loai mdn hpc nao: Nhihig em thich hay hpc gidi nhihig mdn hpc khdng phai la nhiing mdn ty nhign hay xa hpi theo each phan loai thdng thudng thudng cd xu hudng dg cao hon vai ttd quyet djnh eiia nhihig ygu bgn ngoai hay may nii so vdi nhiing em thich hay hpc gidi cac mdn ty nhign xa hdi hoac ca hai loai dd Nhihig mdn hpc dd dugc cac em liet kg nhu: tin hpc, thg thao, ngoai ngO, nhac, hpa Phai chang, dg cd dugc cdng nhimg mdn ma cac em da Ii?t kg bgn canh sy nd lyc thi nang khigu ca nhan la mdt >gu id cd vai trd rat quan trpng Trong dd, nang khieu cua mdi ngudi lai chiu sy chi phdi khdng nhd ciia gen di truygn hay cua nhOmg dac digm ed tinh bam sinh - nhihig digu thudng dugc quy gan cho "sd phan" Vi \ ay, nhiing hpc sinh ua thich hay hpc gidi nhOmg mdn hpc dd da de cao hon vai ttd cua nhihig \'gu td bdn ngoai ca nhan - Xet theo each nhin nhan cua cac em vg vai trd ciia viec lich cue hpc lap ddi v di cude sdng sau nay: Nhiing em khing djnh anh hudng cua vi?c lich eye hpc t$p ddi vdi cupc sdng sau ed xu hudng dg cao hon vai trd quygt dinh cua nhflmg >cu to ben (sy no luc, cd ging cua mdi ca nhan Irong hpc tap hay giai quv ct van dg nao dd) so v di nhiing em khdng thiy dugc vai ttd dd Kgt qua phan tich thdng kg md la cho thiy, 72,1% sd hpc sinh mau nghign cim khang djnh anh hudng ciia \ ice tich eye hpc tap ddi vdi cupc sdng sau va 27,9% - phu nhan Tuy nhien, nhihig ly giai ciia cac em vg quan digm cua ban than rit dang luu lam Hiu het (97,7%) nhihig em khing djnh anh hudng ciia vi?c lich cue h(?c lap ddi v di cupc sdng sau thi nhan thiy nhieu Igi ich ma viec lich eye hpc lap dem lai cho cac em nhu: "Hpc lap mang lai tti tu?, ky nang, kign thirc - 22 TAPCHlTAMiyHOCSd 12(213), 12-2016 nhihig thir khdng thg thigu cupc s^g"; "Hpc dg cd cai gdc": "Cd hpc van Ihi | | B d u d n g cdng se dl hon": "Cd bii^ cip thi de kigm viec hoii" hoac "Viec tich eye hpc lap se giiip cac em ed nhimg pham chat ldi" nhu: "Bi& lam chii ttong cupc sdng", "Giiip em cd kinh nghiem ttong cupc sdng"; "Giiip cac em ttd ngudi cd ich cho xa hpi" Trong dd, nhihig em phu nhan vai trd anh hudng cua viec tich eye hpc tap lai ngu nhiing ly dudng nhir phin nao phan anh liliihig hien lugng tigu cue xa hdi hien hoac cho thay mgt sd em cd each nhin da chidu hon vg cude sdng Chang han: 53,0% sd em phu nhan vai ttd anh hudng ciia sy lich eye hpc lap ddi vdi cupc sdng sau nhan thiy ring "Hpc lap chi la mpt phan lao ngn cdng"; "Hpc la mdt chuygn nhimg quan ttpng la sau iing dung kign thirc vao cupc sdng nhu thg nao" va "Khdng ehi eham chi la dugc, quan ttpng la hpc cd dung each khdng" , tham ehi, sy may nii cung cd thg tac ddng dgn cupc sdng sau - 33,3% sd em gin kgl vdi nhihig sy kien, nhiing vu viec ma cac em da bigt cupc sdng x§ hpi dg ly giai cho nhan dinh ciia minh Chang han cd em cho ring "Cd nhihig viec khdng cd hpc vin ma vin cd thg lam dugc"; "Thanh cdng cude sdng la ddi nhan xu thg chii khdng phai viec hoc": "Cupc sdng sau khdng lign quan dgn viec hpc lap"; "Hpc khdng phai la cupc sdng thyc lg hang ngay" Rd rang, mdt sd hien tugng tieu eye xa hpi, ma cd 16 trude hgt dd la nhimg tigu cue ttong xin viec ciia nhihig ngudi mdi budc vao nghg va ttong danh gia, binh xet ngudi lao dpng da dugc hpc sinh THPT ghi nhan va digu dd da anh hudng dgn nhin nhan ciia cac em vg vai trd eua nhihig ygu td dan den cdng hay that bai cua mdi ca nhan 11,8% sd em phii nhan vai ttd anh hudn^ ciia viec lich eye hpc tap ddi vdi cupc sdng sau la cac em nhan thay "Chit lugng giao due cua Viet Nam cdn lac hau" va "Nhihig thit em dang hpc khdng ap dung dugc nhigu cupc sdng" Cd thg thiy, hpc sinh THPT da cd nhihig nhan xdt mang tinh khai quat cao ddi vdi mdt sd van dg ttong cupc sdng ndi chung va hpc tap ndi rigng Ngu nhihig nhan xet la lich eye thi sg cd tac ddng tich cue den cac hoat ddng sdng ciia cac em Trong dd, mpt sd hign lugng tigu eye xa hdi da dugc hpc sinh ghi nhan va digu dd da anh hudng dgn nhin nhan ciia cac em vg vai ttd cua nhihig ygu td dan dgn cdng hay that bai cua mdi ca nhan Dii ly 1^ sd em phii nhan vai ttd anh hudng cua viec tich eye hpc tap ddi vdi cupc sdng sau khdng chigm da sd nhung ciing rat dang kg Tir nhimg Iy giai cua ckc em thudc nhdm dg cao hon vai ttd quv et dinh eiia nhiing > eu td bdn ngoai, nhiing ngudi cd TAPCHITAMLyHOC.Sd 12(213), 12-2016 23 trach nhiem dao tao ngudn nhan lyc ndi rieng, quan Iy xa hdi ndi chung cin quan tam \ a cd nhiing didu chinh kjp thdi nigm tin eiia cac em Tom lai Nhin tdng thg hpc sinh miu nghign ciiu de cao vai trd ciia cac \ cu Id bgn ttong \ iec quv el dinh ddi vdi nhiing cdng hay that bai cude sdng ndi chung hay hgc tap ndi rieng ciia cac em song, nhin nhan cua cac em, cac > gu td bgn ngoai (sy may rui hay nhiing v cu Id bgn ngoai khae) cung van cd sy chi phdi d mire dp nhat djnh Cd nhumg khae bici nhin nhan cua hpc sinh THPT vg tigu digm kigm soat xet theo khdi Idp (Idp 10 hay ldp 12), theo thyc tg cap em ua thich hay hpc gidi loai mdn hpc nao v a iheo nhin nhan cua cac em v e sy anh hudng cua viec tich eye hpc tap dgn cude sdng sau T^i lieu tham khao 1.1.c van Mao, Tieu diem kiem sodt ben Irong hay hen ngodi Tap chi Tam ly hoc So 11/2014 Le Thi Thanh Huong, De doanh nhdn vd cong nhdn cimg hudng den thdnh dgt, NXB Khoa hoc xa hpi 2013 Barrv D Smith va Harold J Vetter Cdc hpc ihuyil ve nhdn each, NXB Van hoi thdng tin 2005 Robert S Feldman Nhirng diiu trpng yeu Irong Idm ly hpc, NXB Thdng kg, 2003 Roncr J.B Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control ofreinforcemenl Psychological Monographs: General & Applied, 80 (I), pp - 28, 1966 Peter D Spear Steven D Penrod, Timothy B Baker, Psychology: Perspectives on behavior Press: John Wiley & Sons 1988 Corsini R.J., The dictionary of psychology 1999 TAP CHI TAM l y HOC, S
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