Ghi chép về các loài động vật và thực vật ở tân thế giới trong târîh i hind i garbî record of animals and plants in the new world in târîh i hind i garbî

GHI CHEP VE CAC LOAI DONG VAT VA TH^TC VAT d TAN THE GI61 TRONG ''TARfH-i HIND-i GARBt Lu yiAn' TOM TAT Tdrih-i Hind-i Garbi la mgt tdc phdm tieu bieu hien sogn dia ly hgc lich sir th&i Ottoman Mehmed SuUdi Efendi viet vao ddu nhOng nam 1580 vd ddng len vua Murad HI Tdc phdm ndy Id mgt nguon ldi li^u quan Irong vd quy gid de tim hieu qud trinh khdm phd Tdn The gioi cung nhu nghien ctru ddc diem lu nhien vd loi song cua nguai ddn a chdu My vdo cuoi the ki XV ddu the ki XVI Ddc biet, Irong phdn cuoi cita Idc phdm ndy co cdc ghi chep hit site Ihu vi ve h^ dgng vgt thuc vdl cua chdu My Bdi viel gi&i thieu khdi qudt ve Idc gid, Ih&i gian d&i va ngi dung co bd cua Idc phdm dong th&i Irinh bdy nhirng ghi chep ve cdc lodi dgng vdt, chim muong, Ihircvdl, cii nhir sinh vdt khdc & Tdn The gi&i Tu khoa: dia ly hgc lich su, Ottoman, Tdn The gi&i, chdu My, he dgng vdl, h^ thuc vgt Nhdn bdi: 12/12/2019; Phdn bien vd sua chira: 25/2/2020: Duyet ddng: 5/3/2020 Abstract Tdrih-i Hind-i Garbi was a typical work of the compilation of historical geography of the Ottoman period written by Mehmed Suudi Efendi in the early 1580s and introduced to Sultan Murad III This work was an important and valuable resource for understanding Ihe process of exploring the New World, as well as studying people's natural characteristics and lifestyles in America in the late 15th century and the early 16lh century In particular, there were very interesting records about Ameria 's animals and plants at Ihe end of this work This article generally inlroduces an overview ofthe author, publishing year and Ihe basic content ofthe work, and also description of animals, birds, plants, as well as other creatures in the New World Gifri Ihieu khai quat vl tac phim Tarih-i Hind-i Garbi , , , J , Thanh qua cua cac cuoc phat kien djaly, nhat la viec Christopher Columbus phat hten chau My vao cuoi theki XV da tao duoc tieng vang rat lcm chau Au Gim hoc g.a cac nuoc chau Au thoi bay g.o da danh sir quan tam dang ke den tinh hinh va tin tire hen quan din cac chuyen tham hiem toi Tan The gioi Su cap nhat nhimg tri thiic moi ve Tan The gioi duoc dam trach boi cac nha dia ly hoc ciia ^^^^ ^^ ^^ Contralacion (Van phong Thuong ^^ ^ , ^^^ ^.^ ^ ^ ^^^ ^ ^ ^ ,.p ^ ^^-^.jj^ ^_^ ^^^3, ^^^^^ ^^z ^ ^ j ^ _ ^j ^^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ _ ^^^ ^ ^^ ^, ^.^^^ ,, ^ ^^ ^ ^ gan Nha khong true tiSp tham gia vao ^,^ ^^.^ ^ ^^^ ^.^ |^_ ^^^^ ^^^ ^ ^^^ • Vicn Khoa hoc Xa hoi, Dai hpc Sikarya, Th6 Nhi Ky Tgp chi nghien cUu CHAU PHI & TRIING DONG so 03(175) thang 3/2020 Ghi chep ve cac loai dpng vat Ottoman cung rat quan tam va khong ngung cap nhat nhimg thong tin Hen quan toi cac cu^c phat kien dia ly va kien thuc ve cac viing dat mcri dugc kham pha Tan The gioi Nhimg no lire ciia cac hpc gia Ottoman viec cap nhat thong tin ve chau My thoi ki dugc phan anh qua tac pham Tdrih-i Hind-i Garbi veya Hadis-i Nev (Ljch sir Tay An hay Tan The gioi) - cong trinh dja ly hgc Ijch sir diiu tien cua ngiroi Ottoman va cflng la cua toan bg the gioi Islam ve Tan The gicri khoa toan thu dau tien ve chau M\'' Ban dich ti^ng Y ciia Andrea Navagero (bien tap bcri Ramusio, an hanh gitra cac nSm 1534-1565) dugc tham khao de viet phan npi dung lien quan d6n cac loai sinh vat a Tan The gidi Tdrih-i Hind-i Garbf Mieu ta cac loai dong vat, thyc vait cf Tan the gioi Trong chuong ba cua Tdrih-i Hind-i Garbi, ben canh viec de cap den nhung chuyen tham hiim cac dao Tay An cua Christopher Columbus, hanh trinh tai dao Borneo v^ c^c dao Dong An cua Ferdinand Magellan, qua trinh chinh phuc Mexico ciia Heman Cortez va chinh phuc Peru cua Francisco Pizarro, CO mgt phan npi dung khac rat thii vi, ghi chep kha chi tiSt ve cac loai dgng vat, chim muong va thuc vat tim thay a Tan The gioi Theo c^c nha nghien cuu, Tdrih-i Hind-i Garbi dugc Mehmed Suudi Efendi viet vao nhiing nSm 1580 va dugc dang vua Murad III vao t h ^ g Zilhicce n^m 991 lich Hicri (tire thang 12 nam 1583)^ Tac pham dugc danh gii la cong trinh toan di?n nhat cua gioi hgc gia Ottoman viet ve Tan The gicri-' Ngo^ nhan de Tdrih-i Hind-i Garbi, t^c pham c6n dugc biet den voi cac ten goi khac nhu Mieu td vi cdc lodi dgng vdt (Ahbdr-i Tarih-i Hind-el-garbi, el-miisemma be hadis- Davabb) s nev, Kilab-t iklim-i cedit, Beyan-i ahval-i Phan ngi dung mieu ta ve cac loai dpng vat alem-i cedit, Tarih-i Yeni Diinya, Kutr-i nev oTan The gioi thupc cac to tir 108a den 110a* va Hadis-i nev* gom co: Ve m$t ngi dung, ngoai phan ma dau, ket Bao dom: La mpt loai dpng vat san m6i lu^n va tai lieu tham khao Tdrih-i Hind-i dir DAU ciia no gi6ng voi diu cua su tii, Garbi dugc chia lam ba chuang Hai chuong rang dai va sSc nhpn Mau long gi6ng voi loai dAu chu yeu khai quat Iai nhimg kien thirc co meo dom Co the dai 1,2 m, chiiu ngang la 70 ban ve khoa hgc ban \ a trai dat nhu bay cm Loai thu r^t dir tpn va nhay ben dcri hau, song bien va dai ducmg thuoc ve Chiing khong Iam hai nhung ke khong t ^ ''the gicri da dugc biet tcri" Hai chucmg cong chung Nguoi ban dia giat chiing rk cua tac pham tham khao rat nhieu tnrac tac nhieu Khi co ca hpi thi hg gilt va an thit dia ly hgc ciia cac hgc gia Arab va Ba Tu noi chung tieng, dugc viet cac the ky trudc^ Con chuang thii ba, la chucmg trgng tam ciia tac Lgn voi: Co kich thudc to bang la pham, de cap den cac chuyen tham hiem ciing Long no mau hat de No lam hai cho va ca nhu thong tin \ e Tan The gioi khoang ngudi Dau va chan ciia no rk ngon, nhung thai gian hr nam 1492 den nam 1552, thi tham phai nau hon 24 gid mdi chin dugc khao tir cac tac pham cac hgc gia chau Au Gau: Tan 'I~he gidi cung co Ioai gau than duang thai bien soan Trong do, tac pham "De la historia natural y general de las Indias nho va khong co duoi, mui lai rk dai Mat ciia hay Sumario"' cua 0\iedo y Valdes la mgt Chung thi md va khong thi nhin ro vao ban cong trinh dia 1\ hpc tieu bieu, cuon bach Ngudi ban xir dimg cho dl san chung Ban loai vat 4n nap cac bui cay Tgp chi nghien cuu CH u PHI & TRUNG DONG SO 03(175) thing 3/2020 Ghi chep ve cac loai dong vaL dam den thi mdi hoat dpng Chiing di loanh quanh h-ong khu vuc dl tim thuc an Thirc an cua chimg thudng la cac Ioai kiln nho Cim tru (armadillo): Hinh dang gifing nhu ngua CO yen vdi b6n chan Duoi ciia no gi6ng nhu ran va toan la thit Co thi ciia nd co mau xam, tren lung co khdp yen Cac chan va duoi ciia nd thi nho hr phia dudi Than cua nd ldn ca cho nhung lai yiu va khong co kha nang lam hai Nd dung chan dl dao cac ranh va nSm dd Thit ciia loai ngon han thitde Meo: a Tan Thi gidi co rkx nhiiu gi6ng mdo hoang Chimg cd mau xanh nhat va co the CO kich cd nhu chd Chung di chuyin rat nhanh va la ke san mdi dij tgn Khi: O khu vuc cflng cd rat nhiiu loai Chung co mau den, tring, kich thudc cflng khac nhau, co chi cd nim tay Chung cd kha nang hieu biat phat triln NIU muon thi chung cd tha bat chudc hanh dgng ciia ngudi Khi cd ngudi di den khu vyc cua chung, biy dimg da ma chimg tap hgp de nem tir nggn cay xudng phia ngudi va bat dau tan cong HuoTj, Thd va Bao: Thit ciia loai hucru sdng d Peru rat thom ngon Nhung chung lai khdng di chuyan nhanh Tuang tu, loai thd d khu vuc cflng khong du nhanh nhen va chiing hai nhd Chan cua chiing giong nhu hat de Loai bao d khu vuc thi rat nhiit nhat, chiing chay tron ngudi va nhieu loai dpng vat khac Than Ian va Kien: Loai dgng vat co bon chan va xau xi Chimg cd hinh dang giong ran Ngudi dan ban dja thudng an thit loai vat bdi hg cho rang thit ciia chiing rat thom ngon Cflng cd mgt loai kien ma kich cd bang ong, neu bi nd can thi se chet lap tuc Ngudi ban xu thinh thoang tim kiem va nghien nat chiing rdi boi len dau mui tan cua hg Bat cii loai vat nao bi loai ten lam ton thuang se chet Chd: quan dao Karayip (Caribs) c6 giong cho rat nhd vdi mau long sac sd Chimg khdng bao gid sua Ngay ca hi danh den chit chiing cung khong bao gid keu ia Ngudi ta nghT rang cd le Ioai chd khong co tiing noi Chon: Ngoai cdn cd mpt Ioai vat dugc ggi la churcha (chdn opossum) Than cua chiing cd nhu thd va long mau hat de, rat mem mai va de chiu Mui cua Ioai vat thi mong va dai, 16 tai thi nhu 16 tai cua chupt Ban dem chiing di vao cac ng6i nha san mdi, neu bit dugc ga thi chiing hut mau chu kh6ng an thjt Loai vat co hai cdi liii nhu bao yen ngua d phia dudi chi, chung dl nho ben tui va luon mang theo ben canh Con ciia chiing dugc bao ve rat tot, ngoai trir chiing muon cdn kh6ng c6 Ihl liy ciia chiing ngoai Con ludi (perico ligero): Cd than dai khoang 4,5 cm va rpng cung cd dd Nd rit map map va nhiau thit Nd co b6n chan va cdc chan rat mong, co tha di chuyen khd khan va rat nang nhpc Trong mgt no chi cd thi di chuyan dugc khoang 100 m an qua; quyen - cay hoang dai; quyen 10 - cay dugc lieu; quyen 11 - thao mpc Cac quyen lu 12 den 15 ^ i chep ve he dpn^ vat: quyen 12 - cac dpng vat song tren dat lien; quyen 13 - cac dgng vat song dudi bien \a cac loai ca; quyen !4 - cac loai chim; quyen 15: triing Dan theo 20 Jesiis Carrillo, "The "Historia General y Natural de las Indias' by Gonzalo Fernandez de Oviedo', Huntinglon Library Quarterly, Vol 65, No 3/4 (2002), p 326 ^ Thomas Day Goodrich, "Tarih-i Hind-i Garbi: An Onoman Book on the New World", Joumal of the American Oriental Society, Vol 107, No (Arp.-Jun., 1987), p 317 * Tarihi Ara§tirmalar Vakfi, Istanbul Ara^tirma Merkezi Tarih-i Hind-i Garbi veya Hadis-i Nev (History of the West Indies Known As the New Hadith), Istanbul: T.C Kultiir Bakanligi, 1999, s 449 fl.io.i: jarihi Aragtirmalar Vakfi, A.g.e., a 459, 465, 477 " Nhihig mieu ta cho thay day rat co the la loai cay dira nuoc (dira la, danh phap khoa hpc la nypa frulicans) Tfki lifu t h a m k h a o Carrillo, Jesus (2002), r/)e 'Historia General y Natural de las Indias ' by Gonzalo Fernandez de Oviedo Huntington Library Quarterly, Vol 65, No 3/4,321-344 Emiralioglu, Pmar (2016), Geographical Knowledge and Imperial Culture in the Early Modern Ottoman Empire, Routlege, New York Goodrich, Thomas Day (1987), -Tarih-i Hind-i Garbi: An Ottoman Book on the New World", Joumal ofthe American Oriental Society, Vol 107, No (Arp.-Jun.), 317-319 izgi, Cevat (2003) Mehmed SuOdi Efendi, DlA, Ciit 28, ISAM, Istanbul, 526-527 Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the Turkish Republic (1987), Tarih-i Hind-i Garbiveya Hadis-i Nev (A History ofthe Discovery of America), The Historical Research Foundation Istanbul' Research Center, Istanbul Tarihi Arastirmalar Vakfi (1999), Istanbul Ara^tirma Merkezi Tarih-i Hind-i Garbi veya Hadis-i Nev (History ofthe West Indies Known As the New Hadith), T.C Kultiir Bakanligi Istanbul Turner, Daymond (1964), Gonzalo Fernandez de Oviedo S Historia General y Natural - First American Encyclopedia, Joumal of InterAmencan Studies, Vol 6, No (Apr.), 267-274 TUrkay, Cevdet (1999), Osmanh Tiirklerinde Cografya, Milli Egitim Bakanligi Yaymlari Istanbul ' Tgp chi nghien cicu CHAL PHI & TRUNG DONG SO 03(175) thang 3/2020 ... chira nudc dira tinh khiet, qui hon ngpc Ci vimg thi rit it rudi Mdt vai noi Iai Ngudi ban xii thu lupm dira cho thii ITnh ciia cd Ioai rudi dpc, niu dd thinh Iinh bi chiing hp Dira cung huu ich... tire, boc miii kinh tdm khiin khdng mgt dam lai gin Ngudi ban dia dimg 16ng ciia no de gin ian cac mfli ten Chim da da: NhOng vung cd rit nhieu chim da da vdi kich thudc ldn Tning cua ioai chim... de Iam gau miic nudc tir nhimg gieng sau Nhirng thong tin ve bien (Hdl -i Deryd) Trong phan cua Tdrih -i Hind -i Garbi ciing cd da cap den mdt so loai sinh vat bien va tinh hinh tai nguyan d Tan The