Tap chi K h o a hoc v a C o n g ngh? Bien; Tap 14, So ; 2014: 385-391 D O I : 10.15625/1859-3097/14/4/5825 http://www.vjs.ac.vn/index.php/jmst HAM LLTONG KIM LOAI NANG (Hg, Cd, Pb, Cr) TRONG CAC LOAI DONG VAT HAI MANH v 6 M O T SO CLTA SONG TAI KHU VTJC MIEN TRUNG, VIET NAM Nguyen V a n K h a n h ' * , T r a n Duy V i n h ^ Le H a Yen Nhi' ' T r u d n g D a i hpc Su p h a m - D a i h p c D a N d n g Dai h p c Okayama, N h a t Bdn 'Email: vankhanhsk23@gmail.com N g a y n h a n bdi: 20-5-2014 TOM TAT: Cdc loai Hen (Corbicula subsulcata), Ngao ddu (Meretrix meretrix), Vem xanh (Pema viridis) vg Hdu (Saccostrea sp) tgi cdc khu vuc cua song mien Trung bao gom ciea Thudn An, Sdng Hdn Ciea Dgi Sa Cdn, Song Kdn - ddm Thi Ngi dd cd hdm luang kim logi ngngcao hem cdc giai hgn tdi da cho phep dp dung QCVN 8-2.2011/BYT dSi vdi Hg, Cd Pb vd Quy dinh vi y ti cpng ddng vd djch vii da thi ciia Hong Kong doi vai Cr Cu thi hdm luang Hg cdc lodi Hen vd Hdu thu tgi khu vuc cua Thugn An vao thdng 8/2012 da cao han giai hgn tdi da cho phep Hdm lugng Cd da vu0 qud gidi hgn tdi da cho phip ciing dugc ghi nhgn lai mpt so dia diem a tat cd cdc cua song, nhdt Id cua Dgi vd cira Sa Cdn Ddng lo nggi, hdm lirang Pb trung binh hdu hit cdc lodi hai mdnh vd tgi tdt cd cdc cira song da vuat giat hgn toi dg cho phep, khodng 65% so mdu vuat giai hgn toi da cho phip lie 1,5 din 2.8 ldn Doi vdi Cr su vu0 qud giai hgn toi da cho phep ciing dugc phdt hien Ngao ddu, Vem xanh vd Hdu tgi cua Song Hdn vd Hdu vd Hen tai ciea Sa Cdn vdo thdng 3/2013 Sg tich lUy cdc kim logi ngng Hg Cd, Cr cdc lodi mdnh vo cd su khac giua cdc cua song, cdc lodi vd thai gian thu mdu, nhien khong co su khac co y nghia doi vdi Pb Tir khoa: Kim logi ndng nhiem hat mdnh vo, viing cira sdng mien Trung MOf D A U ^, , Cac k i m n e n g Ion h o n n g u y hai den [1] Trong dd, , , , , , T x i \ /^ I loa, n ^ g ( K L N ) (trpng l u o n g g / c m ) thirong d p c tinh cao va sue k h o e ngiroi va smh vat edc k i m loai chi (Pb), thuy ngan ( H g ) , cadimi ( C d ) va^Asen ( A s ) d u p e T o c h u c Y te the g i o , ( W H O ) xac d m h la bon m u d i chat d n h i e m p h o bien anh h u a n g den sue khde c p n g d d n g [1-3] Tir n h u n g n a m 1950 ddn 1980, eac b e n h ly va roi loan sire khde nghiem trgng gay nen bdi cac kim loai trdn da d u g c plidt hien tai nhieu noi trdn thd gidi, didn hinh n h u bdnh Itai-itai d o nhiem d d c cadimi tai qudn Toyarna, N h d t B a n vdo nhirng nam 1950, hoac tai Iraq v a o nhting ndm 1970, h a n 10.000 n g u d i nhidm ddc vd sau dd hdng ngan ngudi chet sir d u n g l u o n g t h u e nhidm Hg [ , 2] C h o dii ,;.^ j ^ ^ ^ ^^ j ^ ^ ^^^ ^ ^ ^^^ ^ ^ ^^^ ;_ ^ ^ ,^; _ ^ , j ^ ^^^^ ^ ^ j ^ j ^ ^^ ^ j , ^^ ^ ^ ,-^^j ^ ^^ van CO xu h u o n g gia tdng boi he qua cua vide ' h ' - t t t i l n ' " c n g " n g h r e p , dd thi v4 c h u V q u a n ' l J ^i^„ q u j e h i t t h a i [1] ' K h u v u c ciia sdng, ven bien Id noi cd miic d p da dang sinh hpc cao v a m a n g lai nhirng n g u d n Igi thuy san cho eon n g u d i T u y nhien day c u n g Id khu v u c cd n g u y c a d n h i e m k i m loai nang eao bdi nhiing dac didm thiiy d p n g luc hpc vd t h u d n g tiep nhdn cac chat thai tir eac boat d p n g sinh hoat vd san xudt cua n g u d i Nguyen Vdn Khdnh, Trdn Duy Vinh, [4] Vide nhilm bdn kim loai ndng ttong cdc loai sinh vat tai cua sdng, yen bien da phat hidn tai nhidu khu vuc tren the gidi [5] Trong do, cdc loai dpng vdt hai mdnh vd (DVHMV) dugc bigt den bdi kha ndng hap thu va tieh liiy kim loai nang eao hon gap nhieu lan so vdi mdi trudng chiing sinh sdng [5-7] Nhd cd khd ndng tich liiy cao chdt d nhiem va cd mdi tuong quan eao vdi ham lugng kim loai nang cd mdi trudng, mdt sd loai duge sir dung de ldm sinh vat giam sat hieu qua su di chuydn vd phat tan kim loai nang theo cdc ddng dinh duang va chudi thiic an [5-8] Su phdt tridn nhanh chdng ciia dd thi va edng nghidp tai cac tinh thdnh mien Trung, Viet Nam tiem an nhung nguy ea d nhiem kim loai nang mdi trudng va de dpa ddn ngudn lgi thuy san tai cdc khu vuc cua sdng, ven bidn Trong bdi bao nay, kdt qua vd bam lugng kim loai nang tich luy edc loai hai mdnh vd tai cdc khu vy:c ciea sdng mien Trung Viet Nam dugc trinh bdy nham gdp phan dua nhUnj '^ eanh bao sdm vd mirc dp nhiem bdn kim loai ndng va ddnh gia cdc yeu td anh hudng ddn su tich liiy kim loai nang eo the ehung PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUtJ Mdu hai manh vd dugc thu tai cita sdng thupc cae tinh, thdnh midn Tmng bao gdm ciia Thudn An (sdng Huong, Thira Thidn-Hud), ciia sdng Han (sdng Han, Dd Ndng), ciia Dai (sdng Thu Bdn, Quang Nam), cira Sa Cdn (sdng Tra Bdng, Qudng Ngai), cira Sdng Kdn - dam Thi Nai (sdng Kdn, Binh Dinh) Tai mdi ciia sdng, tidn hdnh thu mdu tai diem dai dien cho khu vue Cu thd, cua Thudn An gdm: Thanh Lam, Thuan An vd Huong Phong; ciia Sdng Han gdm: cdng Tien Sa, cdu Thuan Phudc, Nai Hien Ddng; ciia Dai gdm: Ben ciia Dai, thdn 2, xa Cdm Thanh, thdn 1, xa Cam Thanh; ciia Sa Can gdm thdn Vmh An - Tdn Hy, cau Trd Bong, thdn Vinh Tra; ciia Sdiig Kdn - ddm Thj Nai gom: cdng Quy Nhan, cdu Nhon Hpi, ciia sdng Kdn Thdi gian thu mau dugc thuc hien vao hai dgt thang 8/2012 va thang 3/2013 dai didn eho hai miia: miia mua vd miia khd tai khu vuc mien Trung. Tai cac diem nghien ciiu, mdu dugc thu ngdu nhien bang tay hoac bdng cdo Sau dd, cac mdu duge dat vdo cdc tiii nylon va bao quan lanh d -20**C [5, 9] trudc dua vd 386 phdn tich tai phdng thi nghiem khoa Sinh - Mdi trudng, trudng Dai hpc Su pham, Dai hpc Da Ndng va dinh loai tai Vien Hai duong hpc Nha Trang Sau giai ddng, mdu dugc tidn hanh xdc dinh khdi lugng va kieh thudc Md mem eua ddng vdt duge vd ca hda bdng dung dich hdn hgp HNO3, HCIO4 vd H202tren may vd co mdu VELP-DK6 Cac kim loai Cd, Pb, Cr va Hg dugc xae djnh bang phuang phdp quang phd hdp phu nguyen tu tai Phdng thi nghi^ra, phan tich mdi trudng khu virc II, Ddi Khi tugng Thuy vdn khu vue Trung Trung Bd Sd lieu nghien ciiu dugc xu ly thdng ke, so sdnh cac gia tri trung binh bdng phan tich phuang sai (ANOVA), kiem tra su sai khde co y nghia vdi Tukey's HSD (Honestly significant difference) bang ngdn ngii R, version 3.0.3 (06/03/2014) [10] KET QUA NGHIEN CtTU VA THAO LUAN Cac loai hai manh vo dugc lya chpn Qua khao sat vd thu mdu dgt vao thang 8/2012 va thdng 3/2013 tai ciia sdng, loai hai manh vd bao gdm: Hau {Saccostrea sp.), Trai {Isognomon ephippium) Hen {Corbicula subsulcata) Chip chip {Paphia undulate), Vem xanh {Pema viridis), Ngao ddu {Meretrix meretrix), Diep quat {Chlamys nobilis), Sd long {Anadara subcrenata), Sd huyet {Anadara granosa) da dugc xdc dinh Trong dd loai Hdn {Corbicula subsulcata), Ngao ddu (M meretrix), Vem xarih {Pema viridis) va Hau {Saccostrea sp.) chidm gan 80% tdng sd luang cac ca thd dugc phat hidn tai cdc khu vyc nghidn ciiu Dae didm cu thd cua loai HMV dugc lua chgn nhu sau: Lodi Hdn (C subsulcata) sdng d ddy, viii biin, tap trung d ven bd, cac rung ngap man hay d cac bai tridu Chidu dai Hdn ti 10 - 81 mm, ehidu rpng tir - 58 mm vd khoi lugng dao ddng tir 0,50 -133,60 g Loai Ngao ddu (M meretrix) sdng d day, vili cat, d nai nudc ndng Lodi cd sd lugng tuang ddi nhidu so vdi cac lodi cdn lai tai cac khu vuc thu mdu Ngao dau cd chieu dai dao dpng tir - mm, chidu rgng tir 49 mm va khdi lugng tir 1,30 - 66,48 g Hdm lugng kim logi ndng (Hg, Cd, Pb, Cr) Loai Vem xanh {P viridis) sdng d cdt nudc ndn can cd cdc gia thd dd bdm vao nhu cdc khe da, gd Vem xanh cd chidu ddi tCr 34 58 mm, chidu rdng tii 17 - 36 mm va khdi lugng 5,70 - 44,60 g Loai Hau {Saccostrea sp.) chu ydu sdng bdm vao cdc gia thd, cd thd sdng cdt nudc bang each bam vdo cac bd da, chdn cdu hodc sdng trdn be mat day nhd vdo edc gid thd trdm tich Hau cd cd ehidu dai hi 12 - 121 mm, chieu rpng tir - 88 mm vd khdi luong tir 2,05 258,63 g Tich luy kim loai nang eac loai hai mSnh vd Kdt qua phan tich ham lugng kim loai nang cac lodi hai mdnh vd tai khu vue midn Trung dugc trinh bay tai bang So sanh QCVN 8-2:201 l/BYT ddi vdi Hg, Cd, Pb va Quy dinh d nhiem kim loai nang ddi vdi y te edng ddng vd dieh vu thi ciia Hdng Kdng vdi Cr (Metallic Contamination Regulations of the Public Health and Municipal Services Ordianee, Laws of Hong Kong) [11] thdy la, cdc loai nhuyen thd ddng vat hai mdnh vd tai cdc cua sdng da cd dau hidu nhidm ban kim loai nang Cu thd, su nhidm bdn Hg da dugc phdt hidn cac loai Hen va Hau thu tai khu virc ciia Thudn An vao thdn^ 8/2012 Hdm lugng Cd vugt qua gidi han tdi da eho phep eiing dugc ghi nhan tai mdt sd dia didm d tat cd cdc cua sdng, nhdt Id ciia Dai va cira Sa Cdn Dang lo ngai, ham lugng Pb tmng binh hdu het cdc loai dgng vdt hai mdnii vd tai tdt cd cdc cua sdng da vugt gidi ban tdi da cho phdp, dd cd 65% mau vugt gidi ban tdi da cho phep tu 1,5 ddn 2,8 ldn Ddi vdi Cr, ddu hieu nhidm bdn kim loai ndng eung duge phdt hien Ngao ddu, Vem xanh vd Hdu tai cita sdng Han vd Hdu va Hdn tai ciia Sa Cdn vao thdng 3/2013 Nhiing ddu hieu nhiem bdn kim loai nang tai eae khu vue nghien ciiu cho thdy vide khai thac vd su dung cdc ddi tugng dpng vat hai mdnh vd t^i cdc khu vyc ndy cho nhu cdu thuc phdm tidm dn nhidu nii ro ddi vdi siic khde ngudi Theo nghidn cim cua Dao Viet Hd (2002), ham lugng kim loai nang Vem xanh {Pema viridis Linnaeus, 1758) tai Dam Nha Phu (Khdnh Hda) dao ddng tir 6,003 - 0,21 mg/kg tucri ddi vdi Cd va tiJ 0,14 - 1,11 mg/kg ddi vdi Pb [12] Trong nghien cuu ve su tich tu Pb sd lodi ddng vat hai manh vd tai mdt sd diem ven bidn Da Ndng, Le Thi Mui (2007) trinh bay hdm lugng Pb tir 1,13 - 2,12 mg/kg tuoi [ 13] Nghidn ciiu ciia Ngd Van Tii va edng su (2009) d ddm Ldng Cd (Thira Thidn-Hud) cho thay ham lugng trung binh kim loai nang Vem xanh {Perna viridis Linnaeus, 1758) la 0,67 mg/kg tuoi ddi vdi Pb va 0,14 mg/kg tuoi ddi vdi Cd [14] Kdt qud nghidn cuu eua Nguydn Van Khanh va es (2010) trinh bdy kdt qua ham lugng Hg dpng vat hai manh vd tai Cira Dai (Qudng Nam) tir 0,038 - 0,118 mg/kg tuoi ddi vdi loai Ngao dau {Meretrix meretrix L.) va tir 0,036 - 0,112 mg/kg tuai ddi vdi loai Hen {Corbicula sp.) [15] Theo mdt nghien ciiu khac ciia Le Thi Vinh (2012) vd ham lugng Cr tren ddi tupng Hau Saccostrea cucullata tir 0,28 den 1,03 mg/kg tai khu vuc vinh Vdn Phong (Khdnh Hda) [16] Nhu vdy, ngoai Cr ed ham lugng tucmg ducmg vdi nghien cim cua Ld Thi Vinh (2012), cac kim loai ndng Hg, Cd, Pb ddng vat hai manh vd tai eae khu vuc nghidn ciiu khd cao so vdi cdc khu vuc khac Nhu da trinh bay, cae lodi dpng vdt hai mdnh vd cd khd ndng tich luy kim loai nang cao ban gdp nhidu lan so vdi mdi trudng chiing sinh sdng [5, 7] Ben canh dd, ham lugng kim loai nang co thd ddng vat cung thudng cd miic dp tuang quan cao ddi vdi ham lugng kim loai nang cd mdi trudng [5, 7] Do vide hdm lugng kim loai nang cao tai cac khu vuc ciia sdng cd the lien quan den su gia tdng ddng ke hdm lugng kim loai nang mdi trudng ciia sdng, ven bien Nhin ehung, cdc dia diem khao sat edn kha hep ehu yeu tap trung cac khu vuc cira sdng Vi vdy, cdn phdi thuc hien cac danh gia todn didn, tren quy md ldn hon de gidm sat hidu qud su nhidm ban kim loai nang mdi trudng va kiem sodt hidu qua su di ehuyen va phat tan kim lo^i ndng qua chudi thiic an, nhdm tri ngudn lgi thiiy sdn tai khu vuc Nguyen Vdn Khdnh, Trdn Duy Vinh, Bang Ham lugng kim loai nang ddng vat hai mdnh vd cita sdng ven bidn viing kinh td trpng diem midn Trung Hhm tu'p'ng k i m loai n | n g ( m g / k g tUYri) Loai CiJa s o n g ThOT gian Hg (n =3) Cd (n =3) Pb (n =3) Cr(n=3) 0,34 ± , 1,85 ± , 8 2,84 ± , ' 0,55 ± 0,24 3/2013 0,21 ± 0,02 2.5410.14' 3,26 ± , ' 0,56 ± , 8/2012 0,58 ±0,13* 1,52 ± , 3 2,56 ± 1.16' 0.67 ±0.19 3/2013 0,17 ± , 1,82±0,15 3,64 ± , ' 0,53 ± 0,06 8/2012 0,45 ± 0,08 1,27 ± , 2.62 ± , ' 0,56 ± 0,01 3/2013 0,20 ± 0.01 1,62 ± , 4,28 ± , ' 0,60 ± 0.04 8/2012 0,74 ± , ' 1,82 ± 0,38 2,19 ± , ' 0,92 ± 0,42 8/2012 Hau {Thanh Lam)" Hen (Thanh Lam} T h u i n An Ngao dSu (Thu^n An) H^u (Hu'cng Phong) 0,19 ± , 2,41 ± , ' 2,27 ± , ' Ngao dau (cang Tien Sa) 8/2012 0,45 ± 0,08 1,27 ± 2,62 ± , ' 0,45 ± 0,06 3/2013 0,20 ± 0,01 1,61 ± , 2,48 ± , ' 1,16 ± , ' Vem xanh ( c i u Thu^n Phu'dc) 8/2012 0,29 ± 0,09 0,29 ± 0,09 2,60±1,10' 0,45 ±0,11 0,23 ± 0,04 1,76 ± , ' 1,16±0,05' 3/2013 S6ng Han Hau (Nai Hien Dong) Hau (b§n ci>a Oai) Cij'3 Dai SaCan 3/2013 0,23 ± 0.04 8/2012 0,38 ± , 1 1.84 ± , 2,47 ± ' 0,62 ± 0,25 3/2013 0,22 ± 0,02 2,03 ± , * 2,66 ± , ' 1,22 ± , ' 8/2012 0,16 ± , 2,46 ± , * 1,34 ± , 0,19 + 0.08 3/2013 0,19 ± , 2,22 ± , 2 ' 1,27 ± , 0,50 ± 0,03 Hdn (then 2, Cam Thanh) 8/2012 0,26 ± 0,04 2,42 ± , 1 ' 3,31 ± , ' 0.38 ± 0,08 3/2013 0,18 ± , 1,49 ± , 2,04 ± , ' 0,80 ± 0,03 H^u(th6n 1,Cam Thanh) 8/2012 0,22 ± 0,02 2,32± 1,10' 2,72 ± , ' 0.40 ± 0,05 3/2013 0,19 ± , 2,15 ± , ' 1,80 ± , ' 0,62 ± 0,06 H i u (VTnh An - TSn Hy) 8/2012 0,22 ± 0,04 2,53 ± , 2 ' 0,51 ±0,04 3/2013 0,22 ± , 2,14±0,19' 1,70 ± , ' 1,29 ± , ' 8/2012 0,20 ± 0.02 2,77 ± , ' 2,53 ± ' 0,46 ± 0,04 3/2013 0,17 ± , 1,81 ± , 2,82 ± , 3 ' 1,65 ± , ' 8/2012 0,24 ± 0,02 2,86 ± , ' 3,19 ± , ' 3/2013 0,20 ± 0,02 1,57 ± , 3,08 ± , ' 0,27 ± 0,08 8/2012 0,21 + 0,05 1,09 + 0,48 1,70 ± , ' 0.32 + 0,03 3/2013 Hdn (cau Tra Bong) Hdn (thon Vinh Tra) Ngao dau (cang Quy Nho'n} S6ng Kon Thi Nai Ngao dSu (cau Nhan Hoi) Hdu (cu-a S6ng Kon) 'Dia 2,88 ± , 1 ' 0,52 + 0,07 0,19±0,11 1,29 ± , 3,04 ± , ' 0,25 ± 0,03 8/2012 0,25 ± 0,05 2,20 ± , ' 1.89 ± , ' 0.28 ± 0,06 3/2013 0,12 ± 1,37 ± , 3.61 ± , ' 0,33 ± 0,02 8/2012 0,22 ± 0,03 2,44 ± , ' 1,50 ± , ' 0,34 ± 0,07 3/2013 0,17 ± , 1,48 ± , 3.60 ± , ' 0,28 ± 0,03 0,5' 2' 1,5' l' Gid'i han cho phep Ghi chu: 0,44 ± 0,14 diim thu mdu, •*'Mdu vuat giai han cho phep, 'QCVN hgn nhiem kim logi nang ddi vai ^V ti cone dins vd dich vu dn thi ffAno Dd so sanh muc dp d nhidm kim loai ndng giua cae cira sdng,^ giila cac loai va giiia hai mua,_ nghien ciru tidn hanh phdn tich ANOVA da yeu td va kidm tra Tukey's HSD ddi vdi cac kim loai Hg, Cd, Pb va Cr Kdt qua dugc trinh bay tai bang 8-2:201 l/BYT, ^ Quy dinh ve gidi Knnv Bang Ket qua phdn tich ANOVA cae ydu td anh hudng ddn su tieh luy KLN DVHMV Yeu to Ci>a song Hg Cd NS Pb NS NS NS Or Hdm lugng kim logi ndng (Hg, Cd, Pb, Cr) Ghi chu *, *** NS ldn lum biiu thi su khac Ngoai cae yeu td da trinh bay d trdn nhu la cd y nghia d mite p < 0,05 p < 0.001 hogc sg khac bidt vd dia didm thu mdu, vd lodi va khong CO y nghia thing ke thdi gian thu mdu, khd nang tich luy kim loai ndng cac lodi manh vd cdn phii thudc Ket qud phdn tich cho thdy cdc mau ddng vdo cae yeu td ham lugng kim loai nang ed vdt dugc thu tai cac khu vuc cua sdng khae mdi trudng, kieh thude va khdi lugng eo cd su khac cd ^ nghia vd su tich luy thd, dac di6m trdm tich, thdi gian tiep xiic vdi Hg (p < 0,05), Cd (p < 0,001) vd Cr (p < 0,05), chdt d nhiem, nhiet dp va man Do dd, ddi nhidn ddi Pb su khac la khdng ddng vdi cac nghien ciiu ve khd ndng sit dung cdc ke Cu thd, kdt qua kidm tra vdi Tukey's HSD loai cho muc dich ehi thi kim loai nang cho bidt sir khde cd y nghia vd tich luy Hg mdi trudngcan ddnh gid ddy du hon ve su giira cac ddng vat dugc thu tu ciia Thuan An va tdc ddng ciia ede yeu td Hen quan den khd ndng ctia sdng Kdn - ddm Thi Nai (p < 0,05), giua tich liiy ciia dpng vdt hai manh vd, nham xdc cac khu vuc khde sir sai khac Id khdng ddng kd dinh mdi lien he vdi mdi trudng, hieu ro ve xu Ddi vdi Cd, su khac vd tieh lily Pb hudng tich liiy vd su tac ddng cua cac yeu td cac lodi ddng vat cd miic y nghia cao han lien quan (Tukey's HSD test, p < 0,001) Cu thd, ham luqng Cd ddng vdt duge phdt hidn thdp KET LUAN nhdt d sdng Han, ket qua phdn tich Cd Da cd hidn tugng nhidm kim loai nang dpng vat tai sdng Kdn khac cd y nghia vdi h-ong loai mdnh vd Hdn {Corbicula mau dpng vdt tai Sa Cdn, nhien miic sai subsulcata), Ngao ddu {Meretrix meretrix), khac khdng ed y nghTa ddi vdi cae khu vuc Vem xanh {Perna viridis) va Hdu {Saccostrea khde Cac khu vuc Thudn An, Ciia Dai, Sa Cdn sp.) d cae khu vuc cira sdng tai khu vuc midn khdng cd sir khde cd y nghTa vd su tieh Trung Ddng chu y la ham lugng Pb cdc liiy hdm lugng kim loai nang eac lodi lodi hai manh vd ndy ddu cao ban gidi han eho nhuyen the Ddi vdi Cr, su khde cd y phep ciia Bd Y td (QCVN 8-2:201 l/BYT) Vi nghTa chi dugc phdt hidn giiia cua sdng Hdn vd vay, can cd nhirng canh bdo sdm ddi vdi viec ciia sdng Kdn - dam Thi Nai (Tukey's HSD test, khai thac vd tidu thu dpng vdt hai mdnh vd tai p < 0,05) cae ciia sdng khu vuc midn Trung Bdn canh dd, kdt qua nghien eiiu cdn cho Sg tich liiy Hg, Cd va Cr lodi thay s\r khac ve khd ndng tich liiy giiia cdc lodi ddi vdi Cd (p < 0,001), nhung khdng cho nhuydn thd nghidn cim cd the bi dnh hudng bdi mdi trudng sdng, thdi gian thu mdu vd ddc tinh thay su khde cd nghia vd khd ndng tich liiy giiia eac loai ddi vdi kim loai Hg, Pb vd Cr ciia edc lodi khac Trong do, ham Cu thd, lodi Hdu {Saccostrea sp.) cd khd ndng lugng Pb lodi hai manh vd khdng cd su tich luy Cd cao han so vdi loai Vem xanh khde bidt dang ke giua cdc lodi, giira cac khu {Perna viridis) (Tukey's HSD test, p < 0,01), vuc nghien eihi va thdi gian thu mdu sir khac vd kha nang tich luy Cd giiia cdc lodi khde la khdng ddng ke Su thay ddi vd thai gian thu mdu cung cd anh hudng dang kd ddn kha nang tich liiy kim loai nang cdc loai hai mdnh vd Cu thd su tich luy kim loai nang cdc loai hai mdnh vd dugc phat hidn cao han thang 8/2012 (mua mua) ddi vdi Hg (p < 0,001) vd cao han d thdng 3/2013 (miia khd) ddi vdi Cr (p < 0,05) Tuy nhidn, su thay ddi vd cdc ydu td theo mua khdng cd dnh hudng ddng ke ddn kha nang tich luy Cd va Pb ddi vdi eac loai tai cac khu vuc cua sdng midn Trung TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Jdrup L, 2003 Hazards of heavy metal contamination British medical bulletin, 68(1): 167-182 Hutton, M., 1987 Human health concerns of lead, mercury, cadmium and arsenic Lead, Mercury, Cadmium and Arsenic in the Environment TC Hutchinson and KM Meema, Eds John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., NY, Toronto World Health Organization, 2011 10 chemicals of major public health concern Nguyen Vdn Khdnh, Trdn Duy Vinh Retrieved from http://www.who.int/ipcs/features/10ehemic als_en.pdf Cao Thi Thu Trang vd Nguyen Mgnh Thdng, 2009 Ddnh gia khd ndng tich tu d nhidm viing cira sdng Bach Dang va Ba Lat Tuyen tap Tai nguyen va Mdi trudng bien, Tap XIV, Tr 137-142 Goksu M Z L., Akar, M Cevik, F & Findik, O., 2005 Bioaccumulation of some heavy metals (Cd, Fe, Zn, Cu) in two bivalvia species (Pinctada radiata Leach, 1814 and Brachidontes pharaonis Fischer, 1870) Turkish Joumal Of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, 29(1): 89-93 Maanan, M, 2007 Biomonitoring of heavy metals using Mytilus galloprovincialis in Safi coastal waters, Morocco Environmental toxicology, 22(5): 525-531 Joanna Przytarska Adam Sokolowski, Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Marine Ecology, Powstancow Warszawy, Sopot Poland, and others, 2011 Chapter 16: Mussels as a Tool in Metal Pollution Biomonitoring; Current Status and Perspectives (Pp 379-394) Nova Science Publishers, Inc water and sediments from Taiwan coastal area Chemosphere, 44(4): 833-841 10 Venables, W N Smith, D M., and R Development Core Team, 2014 An introduction to R 11 Fang, Z Q., Cheung, R Y H, (6 Wong M H, 2001 Heavy metal concentrations in edible bivalves and gastropods available m major markets of the Pearl River Delta Joumal of Environmental Sciences, 13(2): 210-217 12 Ddo Viet Hd 2002 Ham lugng Kim loai nang Vem xanh {Perma viridis) tai dam Nha Phu, tinh Khdnh Hda Tuyen tap bao cao khoa hoc Hpi nghi khoa hpc BiSn Ddng, Tr 638-642 13 Li Thi ^ " ' ' ^^^^- ^^ ^'^^ ^ ^^ ^^ ^^"6 " mpt sd loai nhuydn thd hai manh vd vung ven bien Da Ndng Tap chi Khoa hpc va Cdng nghe, Dai hpc Da Ndng, 27(4): 49-54 Melwani, A R., Gregorio, D., Jin, J Stephenson, M., Maruya, K., Crane, D., Lauenstein, G and Davis, J A 2011 Mussel Watch Monitoring in California: Long-term Trends in Coastal Contaminants and Recommendations for Future Monitoring (p 77) San Francisco Estuary Institute and the Aquatic Science Center 14 Ngd Vdn Tir vd Nguyin Kim Quae Viet, 2009 Phuang phap Von-Ampe hda tan Anot xac dinh Pb, Cd, Zn Vem xanh d dam Lang Cd, Thua Thidn Hue, Tap chi Khoa hpc, Dai hpc Hud, sd 50, Tr 155-163 15 Nguyen Van Khanh, Vo Van Minh, Nguyen Duy Vinh Luu Due Hai, 2011 Accumulation of mercury in sediment and bivalves from Cua Dai estuary Hoi An city, VNU Joumal of Science, Earth Sciences, 26(1): 48-54 16 Li Thi Vinh, 2012 Kim loai ndng mdi trudng vinh Van Phong - Bdn Gdi, Khdnh Hda Tap chi Khoa hoc va Cdng nghd bien, 12(3): 12-23 Hung, T C, Meng P J., Han, B C Chuang A., & Huang, C C, 2001 Trace metals in different species of mollusea 17 Bg Yti, 2011 QCVN 8:2-2011/BYT: Quy chuan ky thudt qudc gia ddi vdi gidi ban d nhiem kim loai nang thue pham Hdm lugng kim logi ndng (Hg, Cd, Pb, Cr) CONTENTS OF HEAVY METALS Hg, Cd, Pb, Cr IN BIVALVES FROM ESTUARIES IN CENTRAL VIETNAM N g u y e n V a n K h a n h ' , T r a n Duy V i n h ^ L e H a Y e n N h i ' 'University of Education-The University of D a N a n g ^Okayama University, Japan ABSTRACT: Heavy metal contents in Corbicula subsulcata, Meretrix meretrix Pema viridis and Saccostrea sp from estuaries in Central Viemam, including Thuan An Han river, Dai, Sa Can Song Kon - Thi Nai lagoon were higher than maximum permissible limit, compared to QCVN 8;22011/BYT for Hg, Cd and Pb and Metallic Contamination Regulations of the Public Health and Municipal Services Ordinance (PHMSO), Laws of Hong Kong for Cr Particularly Hg content in Corbicula subsulcata and Saccostrea sp from Thuan An in August 2012 was higher than maximum permissible limit The excess of critical value of Cd content in bivalves was also recorded at some research sites, especially in Dai and Sa Can estuaries Noteworthily average Pb contents in most bivalves from the estuaries exceeded the maximum permissible limit recommended by Vietnamese Ministry of Health, the number of samples that were 1.5 to 2.8 times higher than the maximum permissible limit accounted for 65% Regarding to Cr the contamination was also found in Meretrix metrix, Perna viridis and Saccostrea sp from Han estuary and in Saccostrea sp and Corbicula subsulcata from Sa Can in March 2013, compared to PHMSO The accumulations of heavy metals (Hg, Cd and Cr) were significantly different among ihe estuaries, the species and sampling time while small differences were found in case ofPb Keywords: Heavy metals, contamination, bivalves, estuaries, central Vietnam ... vdi gidi ban d nhiem kim loai nang thue pham Hdm lugng kim logi ndng (Hg, Cd, Pb, Cr) CONTENTS OF HEAVY METALS Hg, Cd, Pb, Cr IN BIVALVES FROM ESTUARIES IN CENTRAL VIETNAM N g u y e n V a n... lodi cdn lai tai cac khu vuc thu mdu Ngao dau cd chieu dai dao dpng tir - mm, chidu rgng tir 49 mm va khdi lugng tir 1,30 - 66,48 g Hdm lugng kim logi ndng (Hg, Cd, Pb, Cr) Loai Vem xanh {P... luy kim loai nang eac loai hai mSnh vd Kdt qua phan tich ham lugng kim loai nang cac lodi hai mdnh vd tai khu vue midn Trung dugc trinh bay tai bang So sanh QCVN 8-2:201 l/BYT ddi vdi Hg, Cd,