BAI BAD KHOA HOC flAC DIEM THOI QUEN TAP LUYEN THE DUC THE THAO CUA NGtfifl DAN TAP LUYEN THE DUC THE THAO THIfifNG XUYEN KHU VDC IVIIEN NUI MIEN TRUNB VIET NAM HCi'u Tru'd'ng*; Mai Thi Bich Ngoc** Tdm tat: " Sd dung cac phucng phap nghien cdu khoa hgc thudng quy khao sat thyc trgng d^c diim thdi quen tgp luy^n TDTT cue ngudi dan tap luydn TDTT thudng xuydn khu vuc mien nui midn Tmng (dai di$n la Nghe An, Quang Ngai va Dak Lak) Kit qua cho thiy: TIP khda: TDTT quan chung, thdi quen tap luyen TDTT, tap luyen TDTT thu'dng xuyen, mien niii Khu vyc mien Trung, Ngh§ An, Quang Ngai, Dak Lak The characteristics of practicing habit of local residents who regularly Physical Training and Sport activities in the Central Mountainous of Vietnam Abstract: Using regular scientific research methods to investigate the current situation of physical training habits of residents who regularly Physical Training and Sport activities in the mountainous areas of Central Vietnam (representatives: Nghe An, Quang Ngai and Dak Lak) The result shows that: Keywords: Mass Physical Training and Sport, physical training habits, regular physical training, mountainous areas of the Central Region, Nghe An, Quang Ngai, Dak Lak BAT VAN OE vin de phat trien the due the thao eho mpi ngudi ndi chung, dd cd phat trien TDTT quan chiing da va dang la van de dupe quan tam tai Viet Nam va nhieu nude tren the gidi, dae biet la nghien cuu phat trien TDTT quan chiing eho cac viing mien niii, dan tgc thieu so va cac viing dac biet kho khan Tren dia ban mien nui, nai rat dong ddng bao dan tpc thieu so sinh sdng ed dae diem kinh te va xa hpi, dae diem dan tgc va van hda eiing nhu dac diem dia ly va hau khae han so vdi viing ddng bang, noi da sd dan tpc Kinh sinh sdng Do vay, dac diem song, sinh hoat va tap quan van hda cung khac so vdi vimg dong bang nen viec phat trien TDTT quan chung d viing mien niii ndi chung va thdi quen tap luyen TDTT ciia ngudi dan tap luyen TDTT thudng xuyen noi rieng eiing cd nhieu dac diem khac biet Xac dinh chinh xac dae diem, thdi quen tap luyen TDTT ciia ngudi dan mien niii theo timg viing mien la can cu quan trpng de tac dgng cae giai phap phat trien phong trao tap luyen TDTT ciia ngudi danrai^nniii phii hop dae diem vung mien PHIflfNG PHAP NGHIEN Clifu Qua trinh nghien eiiu sir dung cac phuang phap: Phuong phap phan tich va tdng hgp tai lieu, phucmg phap quan sat su pham, phuang phap dieu tra xa hpi hpc va phuang phap toan hpe thdng ke Khao sat dupe tien tai tinh thupc Bac Trung Bg, tinh thupc Duyen hai mien Trung, tinh thupc Tay Nguyen gdm: Tinh Nghe An, tinh Quang Ngai va tinh Dik LSk Sd lupng mau khao sat: Gdm 435 ngudi dSn tap luyen TDTT thudng xuyen sd 1764 ngudi dan dupe khao sat, dd cd 147 ngudi thupc tinh Nghe An (92 nam va 55 nii); 144 ngudi thupc tinh Quang Ngai (89 nam va 55 nii) va 144 ngudi thugc tinh Dik Lak (95 nam va 49 nu) Ngudi dan tap luyen TDTT thudng xuyen dugc tinh la nhirng ngudi tap tir budi/ tuan trd len, moi budi tu 30 phiit, thdi gian lien tue thang KET QUA NGHIEN cdu VABANLUAN Dac diem thcri gian va dja diem tap luyen cua ngiroi dan tap luyen TDTT thu'O'ng xuyen tai mien nui mien Trung Viet Nam *PGS.TS, Pho Hieu tryang Triiang Oai hpc TDTT Bac Ninh "TS, Tru'dng Dai hoc TDTT Bic Ninh gSo'T«OvSHIIANUIYBVTIE11UO S t 5/2019 Bang Bac diem thai gian va dia diem tap luyen TDTT cua ngu'O'i dan tap luyen TDTT thu'O'ng xuyen khu vipc mien nui mien Trung Viet Nam (n=435) Dac diem Phan lo^i Nghe An Quang Ngai D5k L4k (n=144) (n=144) (0=147) % mi 120 phiit Thdi diem tap luyen 11 T6ng (n=43S) Ket qua khao sat dae diem thdi gian va dia diem tap luyen cua ngudi dan tap luyen TDTT thudng xuyen tai mien nui mien Trung Viet Nam duac trinh bay tai bang Qua bang cho thay: Ve thdi gian trung binh mdi budi tap: Co tdi 36.09% sd ngudi tap luyen TDTT thudng xuyen tap tir 60-120 phiifhudi tap, han 20% tap nhieu ban 120 phut/budi tap va 25% ngudi tap luyen tir 45-60 phiit/ budi tap Nhu vEy, thdi gian tap luyen TDTT trung binh eua ngudi dan mien niii mien Trung Viet Nam eao han rat nhieu so vdi quy ehuan ve thdi gian mpt budi tap TDTT thudng xuyen (it nhat 30 phut/budi tap) V^ thdi diem tap luyen: Thdi diem tap luyen chu ySu la sau 17h chieu, chi§m tdi gin 40% tdng sd ngudi tham gia tap luyen va trudc 7h sang vdi tdng sd gan 30% (tap the due budi sang) Day cung la khung gid tap luyen TDTT bien cua ngudi dan Viet Nam eae eong trinh nghien ciiu cd lien quan [ ], [2] Ve dia diem tap luyen: Cac khu san tap cdng cpng nhu: Cdng vien/quang trudng/san nha van hda; san tap cua khu dan eu va san tap eua cac ea quan, trudng hgc la nhiing dia diem duge ddng dao ngudi dan tham gia tap luyen Nhirng dia diem tap luyen khdng mat phi va thudng gan vdi hinh thiic tap tu phat va khdng ed ngudi hudng dan Ve tinh chat tap luyen: Phan Idn ngudi dan chua timg tham gia tap luyen ed ngudi hudng dan Ket qua phdng van len tdi 73.56% tdng sd ngudi tham gia tap luyen TDTT thudng xuyen Dac diem hinh thirc va npi dung tap luyen TDTT cua ngu'd'i dan tap luyen TDTT thu'O'ng xuyen tai khu virc mien nui mien Trung Viet Nam BAI BAO KHOA HOC Bang Sac diem hinh thirc va noi dung t$p luyfn TDTT cua ngu'M dan tap luyen TDTT thu'O'ng xuyen tai khu virc mien nui mien Trung Vi^t Nam (n= 435) Bac diem Noi t|p luyfn Phan loai Nghe An Quang Ngai D i k L i k (n=144) (n=i47) (n=144) T6ng (n=435) Thir tu mi % mi % mi % mi % Diin kinli {di bp, chay ) 21 14.29 22 15.28 16 11.11 59 13.56 The due (Gym, dance sport, thd due nhip dieu, the due duong sinh ) 15 10.2 16 11.11 12 8.33 43 9.89 12 Boi loi 11 7.48 15 10.42 4.86 33 7.59 17 Dapxe 12 8.16 26 18.06 6.25 47 10.8 Bong da 25 17.01 24 16.67 21 14.58 70 16.09 Bong ro 14 9.52 17 11.81 15 10.42 46 10.57 Bong chuySn (va bong chuyen hoi) 21 14.29 24 16.67 26 18.06 71 16.32 Cau long 23 15.65 23 15.97 23 15.97 69 15.86 Bong ban 11 7.48 15 10.42 16 11.11 42 9.66 14 Da eau 26 17.69 14 9.72 21 14.58 61 14.02 Bai thuyen 5.44 21 14.58 4.17 35 8.05 16 Vat 19 12.93 15 10.42 11 7.64 45 10.34 10 Ban no, ban eung 6.12 19 13.19 4.17 34 7.82 15 Keo CO 13 8.84 12 8.33 19 13.19 44 10.11 11 Tung 0 0 0 0 19 Di ca kheo 26 17.69 18 12.5 17 11.81 61 14.02 Day gay 3.4 4.86 12 8.33 24 5.52 18 Co tuong 17 11.56 11 7.64 23 15.97 51 11.72 Cae mon the thao khac 6.12 15 10.42 19 13.19 43 9.89 12 Tu tap luyen 88 59.86 79 54.86 86 59.72 253 58.16 Tap theo cac cau lae bp the thao eo phi 22 14.97 21 14.58 19 13.19 62 14.25 Tap theo cac cau lac bp the thao khong phi 19 12.93 33 22.92 27 18.75 79 18.16 26 17.69 24 16.67 28 19.44 78 17.93 Tap theo nh6m ban 35 23.81 38 26.39 40 27.78 113 25.98 Tap theo co quan 19 12.93 25 17.36 23 15.97 67 15.4 Cae hinh thuc khae 11 7.48 1.39 2.08 16 3.68 Hinh thuc Tap theo cae to ehirc xa hoi tap (to dan pho, cong doan, doan luyen nien ) OJiOTMIVliHUAMLmTIEIHAQ -Sd5/2019 Ket qua khao sat hinh thiie va ndi dung tap sat Cae mdn the thao dan tpc phd bien dupe luyen eiia ddi tugng nghien cuu dugc trinh bay ngudi dan khu vuc mien nui tinh Quang Ngai tai bang yeu thich tap luyen la Bai thuyen Ban nd, Ban Qua bang eho thiy: cung, Keo co, Di ca kheo, Vat Day cung la Ve ngi dung tap luyen: Nhirng mdn thS thao diem khae biet ndi dung tap luyen TDTT dugc dong dao ngudi dan mi§n niii mihn Trung cua ngudi dan khu vuc mi^n niii mien Trung Viet Nam tham gia tap luyen ehu y6u la cac mdn Viet Nam the thao hien dai (Bdng da, Bdng ehuyen (gdm Ve hinh thiie tap luyen: Ngudi dan mien nui Bdng ehuySn da va Bdng chuySn hoi), Ciu khu vuc mien Trung Viet Nam tap luyen chu long, Bdng ban ) Cac mdn the thao dan tde yeu theo hinh thiie tutap luyen, theo nhdm ban (Day gay, Keo co Bin eung, Bin nd ) cd ty le va theo cac cau lac bd the thao khdng thu phi, tap luyen it han Neu xet rieng theo timg tinh, d ehua tham gia nhieu cac hinh thirc tap luyen ed Tinh Quang Ngai, cac mdn the thao dan tpc thu phi va ed td chirc Dac diem tuang tu dugc nhieu ngudi tham gia tap luyen nhat vdi dac diem hinh thiic tap luySn TDTT thudng sd cac tinh mien Trung thupc ddi tugng khao xuyen eua ngudi Viet Nam theo cac tac gia Bang Dpng co* v^ nh^n thirc tac dung tap luy#n TDTT cua ngirat dan tap luyen TDTT thuo'ng xuyen tai khu VLPC mien nui mien Trung (n=435) Nghe An Bac diem Dpng eatap luyen Phan loai (n=i47) % Tong (n=43S) mi % mi 61 41.5 59 40.97 58 40.28 178 40.92 Giai tri 65 44.22 62 43.06 60 41.67 187 42.99 mi % Thiitu- Nang cao siic khoe mi % Quang Ngai Dak Lak (n=144) (n=144) Giao luu 63 42.86 65 45.14 65 45.14 193 44.37 Ren luyen y ehi 58 39.46 61 42.36 63 43.75 182 41.84 Yeu thich the thao 62 42.18 63 43.75 57 39.58 182 41.84 Do nguai khac loi keo 21 14.29 18 12.5 14 9.72 53 12.18 Bi bat buoc tap 11 7.48 11 7.64 12 8.33 34 7.82 Nguyen nhan khac 23 15.65 12 8.33 6.25 44 10.11 Nang eao sue khoe 63 42.86 65 45.14 71 49.31 199 45.75 it dau 6m 36 24.49 41 28.47 39 27.08 116 26.67 Ngii ngon 33 22.45 40 27.78 36 109 25.06 Giam can 35 23.81 39 27.08 33 22.92 107 61 41.5 58 40.28 52 36.11 Nhan thuc Tang cuong giao lim vai ban be ve tae Cai thien tri nha dung Giup lac quan, yeu doi cua tap luyen Ton thai gian, tien bac 25 24.6 171 39.31 16 10.88 12 8.33 5.56 36 48 32.65 52 36.11 46 31.94 146 33.56 28 19.05 24 16.67 19 13.19 71 16.32 Gay met moi, uc che tinh than 0.68 2.78 2.08 1.84 10 Gay ehan thuong, anh huong xau tai siic khoe 4.08 1.39 4.86 15 3.45 Y kien khae 0 1.39 0 0.46 11 8.28 BAI BAO KHOA HOC 7h sang; dia diem tap luyen thudng d cac khu san tap cdng cpng va thudng tap luyen khdng cd ngudi hudng dan Nhung mdn thd thao dugc ddng dao ngudi dan mien nui khu vuc mien Trung Viet Nam tham gia tap luy?n chu yeu la eae mdn the thao hien dai Rieng tinh Quang Ngai, cae mdn the thao dan tgc ciing dupe ySu thich v^ Nhieu mon the thao dan tdc da va dang d y a c phat trien gan tham gia tSp luyen nhieu vd'i cac le hpi truyen thong cua cac dan tpc Hinh thiic tap luyen chii ySu theo hinh thiic tu tap nghien eiiu de tai cd lien quan [2], [3] ThiPC trang dpng c c va nhan thiPC ve luyen, theo nhdm ban va theo cac cau lac bp the tac dung tap luyen TDTT cua ngu'd'i dan tap thao khdng cd thu phi, chua tham gia nhieu cac luyen TDTT thu'O'ng xuyen tai khu virc mien hinh thiic tap luyen cd thu phi va cd td chirc nui mien Trung Ngudi dan tap luyen TDTT thudng xuySn Ket qua khao sat dpng ea va tac dung tap tai khu vuc mien niii mien Trung Viet Nam cd luyen eua ddi tupng nghien eiiu dugc trinh bay dpng ea tap luyen tich cue, bSn viing va nhan thirc rat dung dan ve tae dung ciia tap luyen tai bang TDTT Qua bang cho thay: Ve dgng ea tap luyen: Phan Idn dgng ea tap TAI LIEU THAM KHAO luyen ciia ddi tucmg khao sat la cac ddng ca tich Nguyin Nggc Kim Anh (2013), "Nghien cue, ben viing nhu: Tap luyen yeu thich the Cliu phat trien TDTT quan ehiing xa, ban vung thao, tap de nang cao siie khde, giai tri, giao ddng bao dan tgc thieu sd Tay Bac", Ludn dn tien luu chinh nhiing ddng ca tich cue giup sTgido due hpc, Vien Khoa hpc TDTT, Ha Ngi eho ngudi dan tham gia tap luyen TDTT thudng Trin Kim Cuong (2009), "Nghien ciiu xuyen Cau tra Idi phu hgp vdi ddi tugiig tap nhirng giai phap phat trien cae loai hinh CLB luyen TDTT thudng xuyen, la nhung ngudi cd TDTT ea sd dieu kien phat trien kinh te dgng ea tap luyen dung dan, dam bao cd th8 xa hpi d tinh Ninh Binh", Lugn dn tien si khoa tham gia tap luyen deu dan hpc gido due, Vien khoa hgc TDTT, Ha Ndi Ve tac dung cua tap luyen TDTT: Tuang iing Pham Tuin Hiep (2012), Duy tri va phat vdi cac nguyen nhan, ngudi dan tap luyen trien loai hinh tap luyen the due the thao dua vao TDTT thudng xuyen tai khu virc mien niii mien phiic Igi xa hgi d xa, phudng, thi tran eua tinh Trung Viet Nam da nhan thiic rat diing tae dung Bae Ninh, Ludn dn tien si khoa hpc gido dgc, eua tap luyen TDTT nhu: Nang cao siie khde, Vien Khoa hge TDTT, Ha Ngi tang cudng giao luu vdi ban be, giiip lae quan, Dang Qudc Nam (2006), Nghien ciiru cac yeu ddi Day la nhirng anh hudng tich cue tdi giai phap xa hgi hda nham khai thac tiem nang phong trao tap luyen TDTT ciia ngudi dan de phat trien TDTT quan chiing d Tp Da Nang, KET LOAN Lugn dn tien sT khoa hpc gido due, Vien Khoa Ngudi dan tap luyen TDTT thudng xuyen hgc TDTT, Ha Ndi khu vuc mien nui mien Tnmg Viet Nam cd thdi Le Anh Tha (2008), Phdt trien TDTT viing gian trung binh moi budi tap tir 60-120'; thdi dong bdo ddn toe thieu so vd mien nui, Nxb diem tap luyen thudng la sau 5h chiiu va trudc TDTT, Ha Npi (Bai nop 21/10/2019, Phan bien 25/10/2019, duyet in ngSy 15/11/2019 Chju trach nhiem chinh: Mai Thj Bich Ngoc; Email: maingoctdtt@gmail.com) ... tai khu virc mien nui mien Trung Viet Nam BAI BAO KHOA HOC Bang Sac diem hinh thirc va noi dung t$p luyfn TDTT cua ngu'M dan tap luyen TDTT thu'O'ng xuyen tai khu virc mien nui mien Trung Vi^t Nam. .. thS thao diem khae biet ndi dung tap luyen TDTT dugc dong dao ngudi dan mi§n niii mihn Trung cua ngudi dan khu vuc mi^n niii mien Trung Viet Nam tham gia tap luyen ehu y6u la cac mdn Viet Nam. .. cac khu san tap cdng cpng va thudng tap luyen khdng cd ngudi hudng dan Nhung mdn thd thao dugc ddng dao ngudi dan mien nui khu vuc mien Trung Viet Nam tham gia tap luy?n chu yeu la eae mdn the thao