BAI BAD KHOA HOC DAC BIEM THOI QUEN TAP LUYEN THE DUC THE THAO CUA NGirifl D A N T A P L U Y E N THE DUC THE THAO THIfifNG XUYEN TAI MIEN NUI PHIA BAC Do Hu'u TriPang*; Ph^m The Vipang** Pham DiFc Viln***; N g u y i n Van Sen**** ^ I mil mill iiii^ii • Tom tat: Su- dyng c^c phuang phap nghi§n cO-u khoa hgc thu-crng quy kh3o sat thi/c trgng dgc diem tfl! quen t§p luy§n TDTT cOa ngu&i dan t$p luyen TDTT thu'6'ng xuyen tai miln niii phfa Bac (dai di$n la HS Giang v^ Son La) trdn c^c m|t: MCrc dp t$p luyen, dac diem thdi gian (thoi gian, tho-i diem), ngi dung va hinh thiJc t§p luy$n, nh|n thCpc ve y nghTa vci tac dung cOa t$p luy§n lam ca so dh xuat giai phap va x&y dyng mo hinh phat triin TDTT qu4n chiing khu vyc miln nui tgi Vi|t Nam TIP khoa: TDTT quan chiing, thoi quen tap luy|n TDTT, t i p luy§n TDTT thuong xuyen, miln niii phfa Bac, Ha Giang, San La Characteristics of the sports practicing habit of people who practice sports regularly in the northern mountainous region Summary: Using routine scientific research methods to survey the current status of the sports practicing habit of people who practice sports regularly in the northern mountainous region (representatives of Ha Giang and Son La) on the following aspects: training level, time characteristics, training content and form, awareness of meaning and effect of practice , which serve as a basis for proposing solutions and building development models of mass sports in mountainous areas in Viehiam Keywords: Mass sports, habit of practicing sports, practicing sports regularly Northern urnountainous area, Ha Giang, Son La „ -.^-^_^^^»,^^-^^^^^,^^^J HAT UAN HE Quan diim cua Dang ta xac dinh ro d k tu cho thi due thi thao la diiu tu cho nguai, cho su phat trien ciia dat nuac; viec giir gin, t6n vinh nhung gia tri the due the thao dan tgc, tiep thu tinh hoa van hoa ciia nhan loai va phat triin nen the due, the thao nuoc ta mang tinh dan tpc khoa hgc, nhan dan, van minh, la nhimg quan diim CO y nghia quan ttgng ttong qua trinh hgi nh^p va phat trien Tren dia ban mien niii, noi co rSt nhiiu d6ng bao dan tgc thieu so sinh song co dac diem kinh te va xa hpi, dac diem dan tgc va van hoa cung nhu dac diem dia ly va hau khac hSn so vai vung d6ng bing, noi da so dan tgc Kinh sinh song Do vay, dac diem song, sinh hoat va tSp quan van hoa Ithac so vai vung d6ng bang nen viec phat triSn TDTT quin chung o miSn nui noi chung va thoi quen tap luyen TDTT cua nguoi dan tap luyen TDTT thuong xuyen noi rieng cGng se co nhieu dac diim khac so voi cac vung khac Chinh vi vay, de c6 can cii de xu^t giai phap va xay dung mo hinh phat triin TDTT quAn chiing khu vuc mien niii tai Viet Nam, chiing toi tien hanh khao sat: Dac diem thoi quen tap luyen TDTT ciia nguoi dan tap luyen TDTT thucmg xuyen tai miin niii phia BSc PHirOfNG PHAP NGHIEN CUTU Qua trinh nghien ciiu sir dung cac phuang phap nghien cuu: Phucftig phap phan tich va tong hgp tai lieu, phucmg phap quan sat su pham, phucmg phap dieu tra xa hpi hoc va phuang phap toan hoc thong ke Khao sat duac tiSn tai tinh thupc Dong BSc - tinh Ha Giang (voi dac tnmg dia ly la vting nui va tnmg du vai nhieu kh6i niii vJ •PGS.TS, Tru'O'ng Dai hoc TDTT BSc Ninh "TS, Truong Dai hgc TDTT Bic Ninh; ***TS, Truing Bai hpc Tay BSc •"*ThS, Trung tam Giao dgc The chat va The thao, Dai hpc Qu6o gia Ha Nc Tap chl KHM HOC OAO TAO VAHItAniLUYBII THE THAO - $ / day niii da voi hoac niii dat, dong bang nho hep, CO gan 30 dan tgc thiiu s6 sinh song va dac trung la dan tgc Mong, Tay, Thai, Dao, Phu La, L6 L6, Pu Peo, San Diu ) va tinh thupc Tay Bac - Tinh Son La (dia hinh hiim tro, co nhieu khoi niii va day niii cao chay theo huong Tay Bac-Dong Nam, co khoang 20 dan tgc sinh song, da s6 la dan tgc Thai, ngoai c6 dan tgc Mong, Dao, Tay, Kinh, Nung ) So lugng mhi khao sat: G6m 248 nguai dan tap luyen TDTT thuong xuyen s6 1086 nguoi dan dugc khao sat, c6 115 nguoi thugc tinh Ha Giang (78 nam va 37 nii); 133 nguoi thugc tinh Scm La (89 nam va 44 nii) Nguoi dan tap luyen TDTT thuong xuyen dugc tinh la nhiing nguoi tap tu buoi/ tuan tra len, moi buoi tu 30 phut tra len, thai gian lien tue thang KET QUA KGHIEN Clifu VA BAN LUAN Dac diem thvi gian va dja diem tap luyen cua ngu'ai dan tap luyen TDTT thu'ang xuyen tai khu virc mien niii phia Bac Ket qua khao sat dac diem thoi gian va dia diem tap luyen ciia nguoi dan tap luyen TDTT thucmg xuyen tai khu vuc mien niii phia Bac dupe trinh bay tai bang Qua bang cho thay: Ve thoi gian trung binh moi buoi tap: Co toi gan 40% so nguoi tap luyen TDTT thuong xuyen tu 60-120 phiit/buoi tap, hem 13% tap nhieu hem 120 phiit/buoi tap va gan 30% nguoi tap luyen tii 45-60 phiit/ buoi tap Nhu vay, thoi gian tap luyen TDTT trung binh ciia nguai dan mien niii phia Bac cao hon rat nhieu so vai quy chuan nguai tap TDTT thuong xuyen, it nhat 30 phiit/buoi tap, mot tuan tap it nhat buoi Bang Dac diem thai gian va dja diem tap luyen TDTT cua ngu'd'i dan tap luyen TDTT thu'O'ng xuyen khu VLPC mien niii phia Bac (n=248) Dac diem Phan loai Dia diem tap Son La (n=133) % Tong (n=248) Thiitu- nil % m, itli % 120 phut 7.83 24 18.05 33 13.31 Truac 7h sang 33 28.7 28 21.05 61 24.6 TvtVhtoilVh 15 13.04 14 10.53 29 11.69 Tiil7htdi20h 47 40.87 42 31.58 89 35.89 Sau 20h 20 17.39 49 36.84 69 27.82 San bai cho thue 26 22.61 31 23.31 57 22.98 Via he, duong vang 37 32.17 39 29.32 76 30.65 San tap cua cac co quan, truong hpc 33 28.7 46 34.59 79 31.85 63 54.78 51 38.35 114 45.97 45 39.13 48 36.09 93 37.5 Khac 12 10.43 11 8.27 23 9.27 Thucmg CO 11 9.57 15 11.28 26 10.48 Thinh thoang 25 21.74 28 21.05 53 21.37 Chua tiing c6 79 68.7 90 67.67 169 68.15 Cong vien/ quang truong/ san nha chpn nhieu van hoa dap an) San tap ciia khu dan cu BAI BAO KHOA HOG v i thai diim tap luyen: Thoi diem tap luyen chu yeu la sau 17h chieu va truoc 7h sang (tap the due buoi sang) Day cung la khung gio tap luyen TDTT phi biin cua nguoi dan Viet Nam theo cac cong hinh nghien cim co lien quan [1], [2] v i dia diem tap luyen: Cac khu san tap cong cpng nhu: Cong vien/ quang truong/ san nha van hoa; San tap ciia khu dan cu va San tap ciia cac CO quan, truong hpc la nhiing dia diem dugc dong dao nguai dan tham gia tap luyen Nhiing dia diim tap luyen thucmg gan vdi hinh thiic tap tu phat va khong c6 nguoi huong d3n v i tinh chat tap luyen: PhSn lan nguoi dan chua tumg tham gia tap luyen c6 ngucri hu6ng dan D^c diem hinh thiPC va npi dung t^p luyen TDTT cua nguOT dan tap luyen TDTT thu'O'ng xuyen tai khu vi^ mien nut phia Bac Kit qua khao sat hinh thiic va npi dimg tip luyen cua d6i tugng nghien cuu dugc trinh bay tai bang Bang Dac diem hinh thiPC va n^i dung tap iuyen TDTT cua ngu'd'i dan tap luyen TDTT thu'O'ng xuyen tai khu vyc mien nui phia Bac (n=248) Phan loai 09C diem Ha Giang (n=115) % m, 15.65 11 11 9.57 7.83 23 mi Di6n kinh (di bp, chay ) 18 Th^ due (Khieu vu, the due nhip dieu, the due duong sinh ) Bai loi Dapxe Bong da B6ng ro Bong chuyen {va bong chuyen hoi) Cau long Npi dung B6ng ban tap luyen Da cau Boi thuyen SornLa (n=133) Thiitu % nii % 8.27 29 11.69 12 9.02 23 9.27 12 6.02 17 6.85 13 6.96 6.77 17 6.85 13 20 5.22 25 18.8 48 27 5.26 13 19.35 5.24 18 20.3 6.96 25 21.74 22 T6ng (n=248) 19.13 26 22.61 35 14.11 22 16.54 47 18.95 29 15 11.28 41 11.69 16.53 19 14.29 24 9.68 11 5.26 4.35 vat 5.22 14 5.65 17 Ban no, ban cung 7.83 21 15.79 30 12.1 Keo CO 23 20 20 15.04 43 17.34 Tung 10 8.7 18 13.53 28 11.29 Di ca kheo 11 9.57 6.85 13 Day gay 25 21.74 23 17.29 48 19.35 Co tuong 19 16.52 28 11.29 Cac mon the thao khac 11 9.57 Tu tap luyen 87 75.65 Tap theo cac cau lac bp the thao co phi 16 13.91 Tap theo cac cau lac bp the thao khpng phi 36 Hinh thiic Tap theo cac to chiic xa hpi (to dan pho, to chiic 21 cong doan, doan nien ) tap luyen 33 Tap theo nhom ban 31.3 4.51 17 6.85 93 69.92 180 72.58 18 13.53 34 13.71 25 18.8 61 24.6 18.26 18 13.53 39 15.73 28.7 41 30.83 74 27 20.3 51 4.51 13 29.84 20.56 5.24 Tap theo co quan Cac hinh thuc khac 24 20.87 6.09 6.02 4.51 6.77 17 13 DAO TAD VA HUAN UlYEniTHE THAO - S t f / Qua bang cho thay: Ve ngi dung tap luyen; Nhiing mon the thao duge dong dao nguoi dan mien niii khu vuc phia Bac tham gia tap luyen gom ca cac mon the thao hien dai: Bong da, bong chuyen da, b6ng chuyen hoi, da cau va cac mon the thao dan tgc (day gay, keo CO, bSn cung, ban no ) Day la dac diim dac biet tap luyen TDTT thucmg xuyen ciia nguai dan miin niii so vol cac vung miin khac cac cau lac bg the thao khong c6 thu phi, chua tham gia nhieu cac hinh thiic tap luyen co thu phi va co to chiicDac diem tuong tu vcri dac diem hinh thiic tap luyen TDTT thucmg xuyen cua nguoi Viet Nam theo cac tac gia nghien cuu c6 lien quan [2], [3] ThiPC trang dong ca va nhan thiJc v^ tac dung t#p luyen TDTT cua ngu'O'i dan tap 'uy?" TDTT thu'O'ng xuyen tai khu virc mien v i hinh thiic tap luyen: Nguoi dan miin niii ^et qua Idiao sat dpng co va tac dung tap khu vuc phia Bac vin tap luyen chii yiu theo l^yen cua doi tugng nghien ciiru dugc trinh bay hinh thiic tu tap luyen, theo nhom ban va theo ^^ bang Bdng Ddng co* va nh^n thu'c ve tac dung tap luyen TDTT cua ngirai dan tap luyen TDTT thu'O'ng xuyen tai khu virc mien nui phia Bac (n=248) D^c Slim Phan loai Ha Giang (n=115) Sou La (n=133) Tong (n=248) Thii % tv mi % mi % Nang cao siic khoe 67 58.26 98 73.68 165 66.53 Giai tri 73 63.48 71 53.38 144 58.06 Giao luu 65 56.52 68 51.13 133 53.63 Dpng CO Ren luyen y chi tap luyen Yeu thich the thao 45 39.13 48 36.09 93 37.5 103 89.57 98 73.68 201 81.05 1.5 1.21 Do nguai khac loi keo 0.87 mi Bi bat buoc tap 0 0.75 0.4 Dpng CO khac 23 20 21 15.79 44 17.74 Nang cao siic khoe 67 58.26 58 43.61 125 50.4 It dau 6m 34 29.57 27 20.3 61 24.6 Ngii ngon 44 38.26 38 28.57 82 33.06 Giam can 37 32.17 32 24.06 69 27.82 Tang cucmg giao luu voi ban be 48 41.74 55 41.35 103 41.53 Tac dung Cai thien tri nho cua tap Iuyen Giiip lac quan, yeu dai 11 9.57 5.26 18 7.26 34 29.57 55 41.35 89 35.89 T6n thoi gian, tien bac 26 22.61 22 16.54 48 19.35 Giiy met moi, lie che tinh th4n 2.61 3.76 3.23 Gay chan thuong, anh huong xiu toi siic khoe 3.48 2.26 2.82 10 Y kien khac 2.61 I 0.75 1.61 11 BAI BAO KHOA HOC Cac mdn the thao dan toe dang du'oc tri va phdt trien manh me a khu vipc m i i n mil phia Bac Viet Nam Qua bang cho thay: Ve dpng CO tap luyen: Phan Ion dpng ca tap luyen ciia doi tugng khao sat la cac dpng ca tich cue, ben vung nhu: Tap luyen yeu thich the thao, tap de nang cao siic khoe, giai tri, giao luu chinh nhiing nguyen nhan tich eye giiip cho nguoi dan tham gia tap luyen TDTT thucmg xuyen Ve tac dung cua tap luyen TDTT: Tucmg ling voi cac nguyen nhan, nguai dan tap luyen TDTT thuong xuyen tai khu vuc mien mil phia Bac da nhan thiic rat diing tac dung cua tap luyen TDTT vai siic khoe nhu; Nang cao siic khoe, tang cucmg giao luu voi ban be, giiip lac quan, yeu doi KET LUAN Nguoi dan tap luyen TDTT thucmg xuyen khu vuc mien niii phia Bac co thoi gian trung binh moi buoi tap tucmg doi dai; thai diem tap luyen thuong la sau 5h chieu va truac 7h sang; dia diem tap luyen thucmg a cac khu san tap cong cpng va thucmg tap luyen khong c6 nguoi huong dan Nhung mon the thao dugc dong dao nguoi dan mien niii khu vuc phia Bac tham gia tap luyen gom ca cac mon the thao hien dai va cac m6n the thao dan tgc Hinh thiic tap luyen chu yeu theo hinh thiic tu tap luyen, theo nhom ban va theo cac cau lac bp the thao khong co thu phi, chua tham gia nhieu cac hinh thiic tap luyen c6 thu phi va co to chuc Nguai dan tap luyen TDTT thuong xuyen tai khu vuc mien niii phia Bac co dpng co t|ip luyen tich cue, ben viing va nhan thuc diing ve tac dung cua tap luyen TDTT TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Nguyin Nggc Kim Anh (2013), "Nghien ciiu phat triin TDTT quan chiing xa, ban vung dong bao dan tgc thieu so Tay Bac", Luan dn tiin si gido due hpc, Vien Khoa hpc TDTT, Ha Npi Trkn Kim Cucmg (2009), "NghiSn ciiu nhiing giai phap phat trien cac loai hinh CLB TDTT CO so dieu kien phat trien kinh te xa hpi o tinh Ninh Binh", Luan dn tien si khoa hpc gido due, Vien khoa hpc TDTT, Ha Npi Pham Tuk Hiep (2012), "Duy tri va phat trien loai hinh tap luyen the due the thao dya vao phiic Igi xa hpi a xa, phucmg, thi tran cua tinh Bac Ninh", Luan dn tien si khoa hpc gido due, Vien Khoa hpc TDTT, Ha Ngi Dang Quoc Nam (2006), "Nghien ciiru cac giai phap xa hgi hoa nham khai thac tiem nang de phat trien TDTT quan chiing a Tp Da Nang", Luan dn tiin si khoa hpc gido due, Vien Khoa hpc TDTT, Ha Ngi Le Anh Tha (2008), Phdt triin TDTT viing ddng bdo dan tpc thiiu so vd mien nui, Nxb TDTT, Ha Ngi (Bai nop 20/5/2019, Phan bien 24/5/2019, duyet in 28/6/2019 Chju trach nhiem chinh: Do HOu Tru-o-ng; Email: truongbs71@gmail.com) ... Co tuong 19 16.52 28 11.29 Cac mon the thao khac 11 9.57 Tu tap luyen 87 75.65 Tap theo cac cau lac bp the thao co phi 16 13.91 Tap theo cac cau lac bp the thao khpng phi 36 Hinh thiic Tap theo... HUAN UlYEniTHE THAO - S t f / Qua bang cho thay: Ve ngi dung tap luyen; Nhiing mon the thao duge dong dao nguoi dan mien niii khu vuc phia Bac tham gia tap luyen gom ca cac mon the thao hien dai:... khong c6 nguoi huong dan Nhung mon the thao dugc dong dao nguoi dan mien niii khu vuc phia Bac tham gia tap luyen gom ca cac mon the thao hien dai va cac m6n the thao dan tgc Hinh thiic tap luyen