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Differences and Similarities in World Englishes Differences and Similarities in World Englishes Presentator 1 Trần Thanh Tuyền2 Văn Thị Cẩm Tú Table of Contents SpellingPhonology Grammar Lexicon 03 02.
Differences and Similarities in World Englishes Presentator: Trần Thanh Tuyền Văn Thị Cẩm Tú Table of Contents 03 Grammar 01 02 Phonology Spelling 04 Lexicon 05 Pragmatics 01 Phonology Differences - h dropping in France Ex: hello happy ello appy - And /r/ is pronounced strongly: borrow, jewelry,… - Irish speakers often get rid of TH, it is said quickly and lightly so listeners barely hear it Ex: three tree - The word ‘pen’ in New Zealand is usually pronounced ‘pin’, and sometimes ‘fish and chips’ sounds like ‘fish and chops’ - In America, they usually link words and sometimes add /r/ at the end of words ending in a vowel Ex: Cuba [‘kju:bər], - The use of ‘eh’ tag is very common in Canada, they use it after comments and exclamations - Furthermore, /t/ sound is not stressed, it ends up sounding more like /n/ Ex: Twenty Tweny - Speakers in Australia use the flap /t/ between vowels, that makes the /t/ sound more like /d/ Ex: water, letter, butter,… - Singaporean tend to extend the last vowel and they don’t really have sound of TH - Last one is India, puff air in plosive consonants is omitted - Like RP most accents in England today are nonrhotic, but there is an ‘r-ful’ pocket in Lancashire and a rhotic area in the south-west initial fricatives are typically voiced in the southwest, as in finger [v-], saddle [z-] - Aitken’s Law or the Scottish Vowel Length Rule (SVLR), says that vowels are short unless they are followed by /r/, a voiced fricative, a morpheme boundary, or are final in an open syllable (cf Wells 1982:400, Chirrey 1999:224) - For instance, the vowels in heed and hid, mace and mess, and the stressed vowel in Peter have the same (short) duration, whereas those in seethe, sleeve, maze would be longer Similarities Mars Saturn Mercury Venus Canadian English is in almost total agreement with GA Speakers in Australia and South Africa don’t pronouce /r/ at the end of words In India, Malaysia and South Africa, dipthongs usually become monothongs As England and Welsh English, French English also drops /h/ sound 02 Spelling Definition of Concepts - The spelling in World Englishes is really diversed - American and Canada have some same spellings, that makes people frequently think AmE and CanE are the same in pronunciation - UK’s and Australia’s spelling quite similar - And the spelling between American English and British English is much different 03 Grammar ❖ - Articles Come from vacuum vs come from a vacuum How coconut falls vs how a coconut falls Having a knowledge of vs having knowledge of ❖ Singular/plural - other opinion vs other opinions ❖ Prepositions - Because due to gravity vs because of gravity ❖ Verb endings - Then it start vs Then it starts Example of World Englishes Sri Lankan English A characteristic syntactic feature: Ellipsis: They hardly know that there’s a community called Eurasians Most of them have migrated [There is] Just a handful here Where dressing is concerned also [there is] no place at all now 04 Lexicon - Early Scots shared a great deal of its vocabulary with Nothern Middle English, including most of its borrowings from Scandinavian languages Some examples of words from this source used in Modern Scots are gate ‘road’, krik ‘church’, big ‘build, lass ‘girl’, lowse ‘loose’, rowan ‘mountain ash’ - Trudgill (1999a:125) accounts for regional differences in word for making tea: make, mash, mask, wet, brew in England English - There are also many characteristic idiom, some of which can be ascribed to the Welsh substratum, whereas the origins of others are obscure An example of the latter category is the repetition of an adjective for intensification, as in She was pretty, pretty - The rich vocabury of IrE stems from three sources: English, Scots and Irish Many of the English metaphors, idioms and proverbs reflect the semantics of Irish (Todd 2000: 88) - In American English, Wolfram and Schilling-Estes (1998: 60ff.) said the number of dialectally sensitive words runs well into the thousands, faucet /spigot/ tap ‘a device with a valve for regulating the flow of a liquid’; snap beans/ string beans/ green beans ‘a type of vegetable with a stringy fiber on the pods’ - The following British terms were definitely given as ‘normal’ in CanE: bonnet and tap, autumn (‘also called fall’), fortnight, queue, shop (line and store are labelled N Amer) On the other hand, gasolene is the head entry with a cross-reference from petrol As for the well-known pairs sub-wayunderground, sidewalk-pavement, spanner-wrench, candy-sweet - The various lects of Singapore/ Malaysia English include a great deal of local vocabulary Singlish has a rich supply of local lexicalisations (CRORE words) derived from Chinese dialects Chim/cheem ‘excessively complex/difficult/ serious’, chop ‘reserve a chair, etc By putting a bag or garment on it’, peon ‘office boy, office porter’ 05 Pragmatics How you address a teacher or professor? - Claire? - Prof Smith ? Dr Smith? - Dear teacher? When is it ok to be ironical? - In informal conversations? - In the classroom? - In professional meetings? Thanks! Does anyone have any questions? CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo, including icon by Flaticon, and infographics & images from Freepik ... In India, Malaysia and South Africa, dipthongs usually become monothongs As England and Welsh English, French English also drops /h/ sound 02 Spelling Definition of Concepts - The spelling in. .. in World Englishes is really diversed - American and Canada have some same spellings, that makes people frequently think AmE and CanE are the same in pronunciation - UK’s and Australia’s spelling... quickly and lightly so listeners barely hear it Ex: three tree - The word ‘pen’ in New Zealand is usually pronounced ‘pin’, and sometimes ‘fish and chips’ sounds like ‘fish and chops’ - In America,