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English in Four Countries in the United Kingdom GROUP MEMBERS 1 Hồ Nguyễn Yến Nhi 187NA00459 2 Đoàn Thị Hoàng Yến 187NA10440 3 Nguyễn Ngọc Thanh Tuyền 187NA23650 4 Nguyễn Hồng Sơn 187NA11221 5 Phạm Tr.
English in Four Countries in the United Kingdom GROUP MEMBERS: Hồ Nguyễn Yến Nhi - 187NA00459 Đoàn Thị Hoàng Yến - 187NA10440 Nguyễn Ngọc Thanh Tuyền - 187NA23650 Nguyễn Hồng Sơn - 187NA11221 Phạm Trần Đông Phương – 187NA00550 Four Countries in the United Kingdom 01 02 England Scotland 03 04 Wales Northern Ireland 01 ENGLAND The English language spoken and written in England encompasses a diverse range of accents and dialects The dialect forms part of the broader British English, along with other varieties in the United Kingdom Terms used to refer to the English language spoken and written in England include: English English and Anglo-English Basically there are three dialect areas, the north, the midlands (east and west) and the south (south west and south east) which are already recognisable in the Old English period The subdivisions have shifted somewhat but the tripartite division of England has remained Phonology: In England, northern and southern accents are clearly distinguished by the pronunciation of the STRUT vowel, which in the north is identical with FOOT The phonemic inventory was increased to six distinctive short vowels instead of five Unsplit FOOT-STRUT 'has to be, along with the vowel in BATH, one of the most salient, one of the most symbolic markers of Northern English pronunciations today The high awareness of unsplit FOOT-STRUT has resulted in intermediate forms, such as [kəp] for cup, and also in hypercorrect realisations of FOOT: Ex: [‘ʃʊgə] for sugar H dropping, which is quite a natural phenomenon owing to the 'elusive' character of [h] and known from varieties of many languages, is particularly well known from traditional Cockney Lexicon : Traditional Cockney was known to have many Yiddish loanwords, such as nosh for eat, and, in particular, to make use of so-called ‘rhyming slang’, in which a two-term phrase is used for a single everyday word with which it rhymes: trouble and strife for wife, apples and pears for stairs The second element in the phrase may be dropped: butcher’s for look (from butcher’s hook), so ‘take a butcher’s’, loaf for head (from loaf of bread) 02 SCOTLAND English is the main language spoken in Scotland today and has been the since the 18th Century However, there are a wide range of different accents and dialects spoken across the country From the largest cities right through to the smallest of our islands, differing accents can be found These range from soft and sing-song to stronger and more pronounced 1 English in Scotland - Scottish English refers to the varieties of English spoken in Scotland - The formal variety is called Standard Scottish English, SSE - From 1707, the official written language of Scotland were Standard English has been used as the language of religion, education and government and so it became the socially prestigious form adopted by the aspiring middle classes - Standard English continued to be spoken with a variety of local accents - RP – the regionally non-specific accent of the upper middle classes in England – has a negligible presence in Scotland -The variety of speech we might recognise as educated Scottish English contains the occasional word – outwith for ‘outside’ – or grammatical structure – I’ve not heard for ‘I haven’t heard’ – that is distinctively Scottish - Scottish English is recognisable by its pronunciation: speakers not make the same distinctions in vowel length made by speakers with other English accents and the vast majority of speakers in Scotland are rhotic – that is, they pronounce the sound after a vowel in words like farm, first and better 2.Scodialect - Beside Standard Scottish English, the local vernacular language, Scots, a dialect descended from Old English and closely related to Northumbrian dialects has maintained a strong presence, especially in rural communities - Heated debate among linguists for many years as to whether Scots constitutes a dialect or a distinct language in its own right - Officially classified as a ‘traditional language’ by the Scottish Executive - Whatever its status – language or dialect – large numbers of speakers would certainly claim to speak Scots, not English 03 WALES -For the majority of people living in Wales, English is their first and only language.But there are still areas where Welsh being the everyday means of communication -Many speakers were and are bilingual in English and Welsh, and because the two languages have existed side-by-side within the same communities for generations-> Welsh has also exerted a strong influence on the English spoken in Wales -Some regions became English-speaking many centuries ago, while in others (such as the South Wales Valleys) English has taken over comparatively recently -A couple of centuries ago, Welsh was the language of most of Wales, apart from a few Englishries such as South Pembrokeshire and the Gower peninsula and in some parts of Herefordshire at one time -In some Welsh accents of English, you can hear the influence of neighbouring English counties, such as Cornwall or Herefordshire • Some phonetic aspects of Welsh English are: - Opening and lengthening of vowels The vowels are generally more open and elongated than in other variants of English - The –i is pronounced like the schwa in words like kit, pit, and going.For example, going is pronounced /go-ǝn/ - Most consonants, such as “h” and “f”, are dragged out while others are dropped.For example, Can I have some of that? becomes Can I ave some ov that? 04 Northern Ireland Northern Ireland is described as a country, province or region of England Northern Ireland borders the Republic of Ireland to the south and west According to the 2011 census, there are 1,810,900 residents in Northern Ireland, about 30% of the total population of the island of Ireland and about 3% of the population of Great Britain • Irish Gaelic language is spoken as a first language by a small minority of Irish people, and as the second language by a larger group of non-native speakers • English is the first language of nearly the entire population of Northern Ireland English is the de facto official language and the Administration of Justice (Language) Act (Ireland) 1737 prohibits the use of languages other than English in legal proceedings • Irish has been the primary language of the Irish people throughout their history • They brought the language to many countries, most notably Scotland and the Isle of Man • Through an earlier form of Irish, Middle Irish, the basis of which Scottish Gaelic and Manchu were born Ireland possesses the oldest vernacular literature in Western Europe THANKS FOR YOUR LISTENING ! ... United Kingdom Terms used to refer to the English language spoken and written in England include: English English and Anglo -English Basically there are three dialect areas, the north, the midlands... Phonology: In England, northern and southern accents are clearly distinguished by the pronunciation of the STRUT vowel, which in the north is identical with FOOT The phonemic inventory was increased... prohibits the use of languages other than English in legal proceedings • Irish has been the primary language of the Irish people throughout their history • They brought the language to many countries,