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THE SPREAD OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE THE SPREAD OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE Group 8 Hồ Lê Uyên Bình Nguyễn Song Ngọc Khanh Đoàn Duy Trúc Nguyễn Ninh Duy Hoàng History How English spread Why English become i.
THE SPREAD OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE Group Hồ Lê Un Bình Nguyễn Song Ngọc Khanh Đồn Duy Trúc Nguyễn Ninh Duy Hoàng TABLE OF CONTENTS History How English spread Why English become international language HISTORY THREE STAGES Old English Middle English Modern English (9th- 12th) (12th-15th) (from 16th) OLD ENGLISH • Development from dialects of Ingveonic group ( North Sea Germanic)- incl Old Frisian, Old Saxon • At first: purely Germanic • Some influence from Latin (religion) • First from around 700 AD • Certainly “Old English” from the late 9th C OLD ENGLISH Sources include: o Cædmon's Hymn o Beowulf o The Anglo Saxon Chronicles In placenames: o o o ‘-ing’ (‘the people of’) ‘-ton’ (‘village’) ‘-ham’ (‘farm’) VOCABULARY Old English words - out of the 100 most frequent words in English now, 96 come from Old English VOCABULARY Example: o Prepositions: on, in, to, into, by, with o Articles / pronouns : the, a, you, he, I, me, that, which o Verbs / verb forms: Is, was, are, have, can, make, like, write, come o Nouns: word, time, people, water, part, day, oil o Others: not, as, or, and, so, if, no, one, two ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Fæder ure ðu ðe eart on heofenum si ðin nama gehalgod to-becume in rice geweorỵe in willa on eoran swa swa on heofenum Urne ge dæghwamlican hlaf syle us to-deag and forgyf us ure gyltas swa swa we forgifaỵ urum gyltendum ane ne gelæde ðu us on costnunge ac alys us of yfle TEXT EXAMPLES ENGLISH UNDER THE NORMANS Normans bring French with them French becomes language of court and institutions English swamped by French vocabulary Towards a global language o o o o o o English is used every day, everywhere in the world: Air-traffic control International business Academic conferences Technology Diplomacy Sport - ‘A massive increase in the number of people learning English has already begun, and it is likely to reach a peak of around billion in the next 10-15 years.’ - The colonisation of North America really got under way → in 1640, 25,000 English speakers in New England AMERICA - In 17th century, USA was settled → many Caribbean islands (Jamaica, Trinidad), parts of Guiana on were seized by Britain and settled by landowners → workers and slaves who were or became English-speaking - About 7.1 million speakers of English and Englishbased creoles in the Caribbean today ENGLISH IN NORTH AMERICA Major dialects in North America - Ethnic dialects: - Region varieties ● African American English ● Northeastern American English ● American Indian English ● Southern States American English ● Canadian English AUSTRALIA - The end of the 18th century, the 1st British settlers arrived in Australia and New Zealand - A large proportion of the Australian immigrants did not voluntarily move ‘down under’ - The early settlers in New Zealand were not prisoners - Today Australia has well over 17 million speakers of English as a first language and New Zealand about 3.5 million THE THREE CIRCLES According Kachru, the spread of English around the world can be defined in terms of three concentric circles: THE FUTURE OF ENGLISH o English is used extremely widely today o Communicating with other non-native users ≠ ELF (English as a Lingua Franca) [ELF ≠ EFL - English as a Foreign Language] o The branch of applied linguistics studying the teaching and learning of foreign languages usually refers to this as second language acquisition (SLA) THE FUTURE OF ENGLISH o The overall statistics for English worldwide appear to be somewhat variable and should be taken with a pinch of salt The EFL category is particularly difficult to pinpoint; it really depends on what level of proficiency a person should have to qualify as a speaker of English o First-language speakers: 375 million o Second-language speakers: 375 million o Foreign-language speakers: 750 million WHY ENGLISH BECOME INTERNATIONAL LANGUAGE Here are some reasons - The language of global commerce - The main language to use when travelling Here are some reasons - The language of air traffic control - The majority of academic journals But how did English reach this kind of status? Well, it's partly because of the USA’s role as a global superpower Some of these countries became populated by English settlers, and these are the countries where English became the dominant language, replacing many others English became the dominant language in the world It is also largely thanks to mass communication English in the world nowadays: - The second language that being a part of the school curriculum in many countries - There are over 96% of scientific articles are written in English English in the world nowadays: - The number one language online Because people are constantly exposed to English online and communicate via social media with people from all over the world, mainly in English THANK YOU!!!! ... Some of these countries became populated by English settlers, and these are the countries where English became the dominant language, replacing many others English became the dominant language. .. African American English ● Northeastern American English ● American Indian English ● Southern States American English ● Canadian English AUSTRALIA - The end of the 18th century, the 1st British... first language and New Zealand about 3.5 million THE THREE CIRCLES According Kachru, the spread of English around the world can be defined in terms of three concentric circles: THE FUTURE OF ENGLISH