Đặc trưng cơ bản về điều kiện tự nhiên vùng chiến trường bạch đằng năm 1288

co Q U A N wvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA TO CHUC HQI THAO: Uy ban Nhan dan tinh Quang Ninh HQi khoa h9C lich sir Viet Nam BAN TO cmrc Lanh dao UBND tinh Quang Ninh (Tnrong Lanh dao HQi khoa h9C lich su Vi~t Nam ban) (D6ng Truong ban) Lanh dao UBND thi xa Quang Yen (Ph6 Truong Ban) Lanh dao So Khoa h9C va Cong nghe (Ph6 tnrong ban) Lanh dao So Van h6a Th~ thao Du lich (Ph6 Truong Ban) Lanh dao HQi Khoa h9C lich su Quang Ninh COy vien) Lanh dao Ban Quan ly cac di tich di~m tinh (Uy vien) Truong ban Tuyen giao Thi uy COy vien) Chanh Van phong HDND, UBND thi xa Quang Yen(Uy vien) Truong phong Van h6a Thong tin thi xa (Uy vien) Trung tam Van h6a Th~ thao (Uy vien) Truong phong Tai chinh K~ hoach (Uy vien) B rE N T ~ P T6ngVan LqiYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA t 1 t co Q U A N TO C H U C H < ) I T H A O : wvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFED Uy ban Nhan dan tinh Quang Ninh Hoi khoa h9C lich sir Viet Nam BAN TO CHUC: Lanh dao UBND tinh Quang Ninh (Truong ban) Lanh dao Hoi khoa h9C lich str Vi~t Nam (D6ng Truong ban) Lanh dao UBND thi xa Quang Yen (Pho Truong Ban) Lanh dao Sa Khoa h9C va Cong nghe (Pho tnrong ban) Lanh dao Sa Van hoa ThS thao Du lich (Pho Truong Ban) Lanh dao Hoi Khoa h9C lich su Quang Ninh (Uy vien) Lanh dao Ban Quan ly cac di tich diSm tinh (Uy vien) Tnrong ban Tuyen giao Thi uy (Uy vien) Chanh Van phong HDND, UBND thi xa Quang Yen(Uy vien) Truong phong Van hoa Thong tin thi xa (Uy vien) Trung tam Van hoa ThS thao (Uy vien) Truong phong Tai chinh K~ hoach (Uy vien) BIENT~P Tong Van Lqi M U C L U CwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFE baZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA TS VU YXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA T h i Thu Thuy, Ph6 Chu tich UBND tinh Quang Ninh: P h d t b i i u k h a i m a c h o i t h d o k h o a h C n d m c h i i n t h a n g NMLKJIHGFEDCBA B a c h D lin g 1288 GS.VS Phan Huy Le: PGS.TS Tr~n Duc Th~nh: 1288 1288 c u a c h ie n th d n g B a c n D lin g n d m 1288 PGS.TS T6ng Trung Tin, TS r.s PGS.TS, Dai ta Le Dinh Sy: N h iin g co sa 32 40 49 69 76 82 96 108 · 126 · 150 157 k in h ti, x d h o i Thi Lien: D i tic h b d i C C B a c h N g h e th u d t th u y c h iin n h a T r d n tr o n g c h iin th d n g B a c n D lin g n d m TS Nguyen Van Son: 1288 cua quem ddn 1288 D i tic h c h ie n th d n g B a c h D lin g tr e n a d t H Phong N hdn d ie n c h ie n tr u a n g B a c h D lin g 1288 t r u y e~n t h u y e,:t , t h ~ a n t z'h c , th ~ a n p h 'a 10 Tr~n Trong Ha: D i tic h m iiu qua O n g v a c u o c r u t lu i c h ie n lu a c n h d n th u c v a b a a t6 n d i s d n 11 GS.TS Nguyen Quang Ngoc: B a tr d n B a c h D d n g - B a k y tic h c h o n g n g o a i x d m c u a d d n to e V i¢ t N a m 12 TS Nguyen Vi~t, Ng6 Dinh Dung: V a n h o a B q c h D lin g : m o t t i i p c a n r o n g h o n t r o n g n g h i e n c ir u c h i i n t h d n g B a c h D l i n g 13 PGS.TS D(mg Van Bai: 1288 B a a t6 n d i s a n v a n h o a g a n v o i p h a t t r i e n k i n n t i - x i i h o i ( t r u o n g h ] J K h u d i t i c h l i c h s i r B a c h D l i n g ) B a a t6 n to n ta o k h u d i tic h lic h s ir c h ie n th d n g x tc n g v o i td m v o c lic h s ir c u a n o 15 Thirong Tu6ng Nguyen Van Hi~n: dung V i tr i c u a q u a n a i D lin g v a v d n a ~ d ie n m a o c h ie n tr u o n g B a c h D lin g r u in D ang, xdy 14 PGS.TS Nguyen Thi Phuong Chi: B a c h D im g tu o n g · B a c h D lin g G ia n g 14 H6 Chi Dire: c o b a n v~ a i~ u k ie n tic D (ic tr u n g PGS.TS VU Van Quan, Ths Tong Van Loi: 1288: n h ie n v u n g c h ie n tr u o n g B a c h D lin g n d m nam V a i tr o c u a B (J c h i h u y tb i c a o n h a T r im tr o n g c h iin th d n g B a c n D a n g n a m Le D6ng Son: · hai qudn nhdn ddn P h a t h u y tr u y e n th o n g B a c n V ie t N a m h ie n d a i, k h o n g D~C PONMLKJIHGFEDCBA TR U N G c o B A N V E D I E U KI~N TV N H I E N TR U O N G B~CH D A N G N A M 8 P G S T S vU N G C H IE N T r f t n D u e baZYXWVUTSRQPON Thanh Vien Tai nguyen va Moi tnrong bien - Vien Han Lam KH&CN Viet Nam Chien tnrong Bach Dang nam 1288 nam YXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA a khu trung tam cua vung cira song (VCS) Bach 8~ng nam Phong Khu Vl,IC a vung chuyen tiep gitra tinh Quang Ninh va Thanh ph6 Hai ta ngan chu y~u thuoc dia phan Thi xa Quang Yen, mot phan lien quan d~n ph6 Uong Bi va ph6 H? Long (Quang Ninh); khu Vl,IC htru ngan chu y~u thuoc v€ huyen Thuy Nguyen, Cat Hai va cac quan n(>i cua Thanh ph6 Hai Phong 8~ lam nen chien thang lfty lung nay, chac chan cha ong ta phai tim hieu va da nam ro d~c diem tv nhien vung chien tnrong 8~ hi~u ro v€ quy mo va dien bi~n tr~n danh, chung ta ciing can nghien ciru hoan canh tv nhien cua chien tran tren co sa hoan canh hien tai va kha nang thay d6i qua thai gian hon bay th~ k y I B A N C H A T V i cAu T R U C vA T I E N H O A vU N G C U A B~CH SO N G D A N G tri VCS Bach Dang c6 to? dQ dia ly: 106°37'-107°00' E va 20037'-21°00'N va dien tich to? dQ 1650km , c6 dinh NMLKJIHGFEDCBA a B~n Tri€u, dirong bo co ban chay ven Phil Long - Cat Hai - 86 San va ria ngoai dai bo ngam cira song di theo duong d~ng sau 6m tir miii 86 San d~n tay nam dao Cat Ba [9] a ban dao VCS nam tren dai ven bo tay Vinh B~c B(>, c6 ranh gioi tv nhien Hai Van (Thira Thien Hu~) va ranh gioi phap 1;' a Miii Lay (ClJC nam Quang Binh) Dai ven bo tay vinh B~c B(>duoc chia vung: M6ng Cai - 86 San; 86 San - Lach Tnrong; Lach Truong - miii Ron; MUi Ron - Hai Van [8] VCS Bach Dang thuoc vung ven bo M6ng Cai - 86 San, tiep giap vung ven bo chau th6 song H6ng hien dai (86 San - Lach Truong) qua dai phan each Ki~n An - D6 San Trong pham vi hep hon, VCS nam gitra khu vue vinh dao a phia Dong B~c duoc b~t d§u tir quan th~ dao - vinh la Cat Ba - H? Long - Lan H? va khu Vl,IC ven bo chau th6 phia tay nam ban dao D6 San Tren 250 km bo bien k~ ill bien gioi Viet Trung, day VCS d.1u tien c6 dirong thuy dao thong n6i voi kinh Thang Long 14 V oi vi tri va tinh chat chuyen ti~p cua ves hai vung tu nhien Ian & dai ven bo bien phia bac Viet Nam va hinh th~, c~u true d~c biet ves Bach D&ng co vi v ~ dia chinh tri va dia quan SlJ.PONMLKJIHGFEDCBA th~ d~c bietbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA C~u tr u e ves Bach Dang co ban chat c~u true la mot Estuary [7, 9] - vung cira song hinh ph~u [6,15] No duoc hinh tren co so nrong tac gitra qua trinh phat trien cua mot graben dang S\1tchim voi S\1·n ang cao cua mire mroc chan tinh, sir thieu hut b6i tich va thuy trieu co bien NMLKJIHGFEDCBA Ia n No duoc dinh vi & vi tri ria dong b~c chau th6 song H6ng, noi dong b6i tich tong hop doc bo huong v€ phia tay nam ves Bach Dang la mot vue co du true mra kin, noi thuy trieu la y~u t6 dong lire ngoai sinh Uti the, quy dinh cac dac tnrng v€ dia hinh va tr~m tich Do la mot VlJCnuoc lo-man, hoa tron nuoc song-bien kha t6t, phan tang y~u Mac du hrong b6i tich song tham gia dang k~ nhung dong b6i tich di chuyen noi tai la chu dao V oi c~u true phan tang y~u, can bang b6i xoi ves nghieng v~ xoi 1&,xam thuc Day la tnrong hop di~n hinh tren th~ gioi v€ mot cira song hinh ph~u nhiet doi [4] phat trien di~u kien nhat trieu bien Ian [9] e~u true mra kin cua ves va S1!phan each tuong d6i cua 'no voi bien la nho quan dao eat Ba che chan & phia dong, dong nam, ban dao D6 San & phi a tay ves thong voi bi~n & phia nam va phan ngam toi sau 6m V6i c~u true nhu vay, chi co song huang nam va dong nam moi co kha nang Ian truyen tu bien vao voi dO cao khong qua m, k~ ca co bao e~u true mra kin cua Estuary Bach Dang hien cac ki~n true tan kien tao va ki~n tao hien dai (TKT va KTHD) quy dinh Ph~n trung tam cua ves nam tren d6i vong tuong d6i voi KTHD va doi vong kha manh Holocen co dang graben Vai tro vo cling quan cua chuyen dong KTHD d6i voi SlJ hinh Estuary Bach Dang khong chi la van dong thang dung Holocen, ma can tao tien d~ mot vung vong urong d6i co c~u true mra kin bien ti~n chan tinh tran ngap 15 Hinh Vung cira song Bach DAng (anh v~ tinh Spot 01/3/2008) Dia hinh ves h~t sire phirc tap va da dang, gorn nhieu kieu, dang c6 nguon g6c khac va duoc chia bon nh6m: Dia hinh d6i va nui th~p, dong bang khong ngap trieu, d6ng bang ngap trieu tv nhien va dia hinh bo ngam- luong lach ngap mroc thuong xuyen Mot phan Ian dien tich d6ng bang ngap trieu tv nhien hien nam de bien hoacbi san lap, hien khong chiu anh huong tnrc ti~p cua bien Dien tich toa dO cua ves 1£11650 km2 (Tr~n Dire Thanh, 1993), do: D6i va nui thap: 12,38%; D6ng bang: 13,89%; De cat va them cat: 0,72%; Vung d~m l~y bi~n: 32,62%; Bai (b6i) trieu thap: 9,30%; Song va lach tri€u: 7,25%; Vung bo ngam: 15,70%; Vung bien nong ven bo:YXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA ,0 % V€ phuong dien dia hinh va canh quan voi cac bai trieu l~y ram rap thirc v~t ng~p man tv nhien, h~ lach trieu, kenh trieu day dac, cac doi cat tri€u nam doc ven baZYXWVUT b e luong, cac them mai mon phat trien (; doi tri€u thap tren n€n tram tich bo roi ves Bach DAng cling khac hiin trieu ven bo chau th6 song H6ng.PONMLKJIHGFEDCBA Ti~o boa Qua trinh hinh va tien hoa cua thai ky ves Bach DAng Holocen trai qua va giai doan nhu sau [9]:NMLKJIHGFEDCBA Thai kY th tr n h d t: Holocen sorn - gitra (11 - nghin nam truce) Bien ti~n chan tinh gift vai tro chu dao gay ng~p chim, nhanh ch6ng lam thay d6i mo: tnrong tir luc dia sang ven bo, dirong bo bi dAy lui xa nhat Vao cuoi thai ky, mire mroc 16 chan tinh dang cham h~n, vai tro cua kien tao va tram tich duoc tang cuong, dirong baZYXW m o m o l~n v~ phia bien, bien lui Giai doan 1: Moi tnrong luc dia Holocen som - d~u Holocen gitra, Giai doan 2: Moi tnrong vilng - vinh Holocen giira Giai doan 3: Moi tnrong d~m l~y ria chau th6 cuoi Holocen gitra.YXWVUTSRQPONMLKJ Thai kY th tr h a i : Holocen muon (3 dSn 0,5 - 0,7 nghin nam truce) Vai tro chuyen dong kien tao, d~c biet cac dai kien true nang, tham gia quyet dinh vao cac qua trinh ngap chim, n6i cao Qua trinh tram tich tich ClJCco anh huang dSn di chuyen duong bo Vao cu6i thai ky, b6i tu manh, duong bo di chuyen phi a bien, qua ca trung tam sut kha manh Giai doan 4: Moi tnrong vinh - vung d~u Holocen muon Giai doan 5: Moi tnrong vung bien gitra Holocen muon Giai doan 6: Moi tnrong ctra song chau th6 cuoi Holocen muon Thai kY th ir b a : Cu6i Holocen muon (khoang 0,5 - 0,7 nghin nam qua), chi gom m(>t giai doan dang tiep tuc voi mot dot bien l~n moi, duong bo di chuyen v~ phia luc dia, ngap chim khong d~n bu tram tich va thuy trieu co vai tro quan Trong 5-7 tram nam qua, muc mroc chan tinh tiep tuc nang cao x~p xi lrnm/nam va dat 1-1,5 mm/nam trrong thS ky qua Do phu sa song it, xam thirc cua thuy trieu manh, nhi~u noi da khong ling dong tram tich Ngap chim khong d~n bit thieu hut b6i tich xAy da:hinh ves hinh ph~u nhu hien Nguyen nhan gay SlJ thieu hut b6i tich bao g6m: 1- Khoang 5-7 tram nam tnroc ban dao D6 Son n6i lien voi d6ng bang vira b6i l~n mo rong ria tay nam ves da: ngan khong cho b6i tich d9C bo tay nam di len 2- Trong qua trinh phat trien, nhieu nhanh n6i ngang song H6ng voi he thong song e~u -Bach D5ng bi tan lam giam nguon b6i tich b6 sung nr song H6ng 3- Thuy trieu Ion, dong trieu manh d