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® GIAD OUC NUOC NGOAl XU THE VA DAC TRUNG CO DAN CUA CHE DO QUAN Ll CHUONG TRINH GIAO DUC PHd THONG HIEN NAY TREN THE GlOl NGUYEN QUOC TRj Trilling Bai hgc SUpham HI N l̂ Torn tdt Chi dp qudn li chuan[.]
® GIAD OUC NUOC NGOAl XU THE VA DAC TRUNG CO DAN CUA CHE DO QUAN Ll CHUONG TRINH GIAO DUC PHd THONG HIEN NAY TREN THE GlOl NGUYEN QUOC TRj Trilling Bai hgc SUpham HI N^l Torn tdt: Chi dp qudn li chuang trinh (QLCT) gido due thdng (GDPT) Id tSng hda eua hi thSng tS chtfc vd quan hi viquyin hgn QLCT GDPT Hiin nay, stf tuang ho gitfa bachedd QLCTGDPT(tdp quyin trung uong phdn quyin dja phuong vd hon hep), cd mpt xu hudng mdi td ede qu6c gia khdng ngtfng edi cdch ehe dp QLC^ GDPT theo khuynh hudng hda hep, tim kiim nhimg diim kit hap edn dSi mdi gitfa cdc logi chi dp QLCT glao due phS thdng glao thim nhiiu quyin hgn vd trdeh nhiim QLCT eho cdp diaphuang vd nhd trUdng Xu thi cung da phdn dnh ede dgc trUng ciio chi dp QLCT GDPT hiin Id ddn chu hda, quy phgm hda; ddn hSl/mim dio hda; xd hdi hda QLCT vd ehu cdi cdch QLCT GDPT Ttf khda: Gido due thdng; qudn H ehuang trinh; xd hdi hda (Nhdn bdi ngdy 08/4/2016; Nhdn ket qud phdn bien vd chlnh sda ngdy 11/5/2016; Duyit ddng ngdy 24/6/2016} I.Datvande Trddc ddi hdi cua thuc tien, td nhdng ndm 80 cda t h i ki XX, nhilu qudc gia trin the gidi da tien hdnh cai each GDPT, ma trpng tam Id cdi each chuong trinh bdi chuong trinh la hat nhdn cda GDPT vd Id yeu td the hifn y chi eiia qudc gia Trong edi each chUOng trinh, cung vdi d i each v l muc tieu, ndi dung, hlnh thdc td ehdc day hoc, phUdng thdc kilm tra ddnh gid, , edi each c h l dd QLCT Id mpt nhdng khau quan trpng Nghiin cdu xu the vd dae trUng eiia edi edch che dd QLCT GDPT ciia t h i gidi, td dd tham khdo, hpe hdi mdt each ed chpn Ipc vd ed h i thdng kinh nghifm, thdnh tuu gido due ciia cac nude, nhat Id d c nin gido dye phdt triln cd dilu kiln tuang dong vdi Vift Nam dupe xdc cfinh ta mdt nhdng nguyin tac Ddi mdi chUdng trinh, sach gilo khoa thdng eda Viet Nam giai doan hifn Khdi niem che quan li chUdng trinh giao due thdng Nhin chung, gida cdc nhd nghiin cdu cd sy khac bilt tuong ddi idn tien hanh nghiin cdu v l ndi ham cda khdi nifm "ehi QLCT GDPT" Trong bai vilt nay, ehung tdi cho ring, chi cd t h i di sdu hieu va nim vdng ban chat va npi hdm cd bdn cda khdi nilm chl dp QLCT GDPT de ldm rd ehii t h i , ddi tupng, ndi dung, mue dich vd chdc nang eiia QLCT GDPT, tde Id lam rd van de: "Ai QLCT GDPT", "QLCT GDPT Id qudn li d i gi", "Vi phdi QLCT GDPT" thi mdi cd the nim vdng dupe khdi nifm, nd[ hdm, loai hlnh, k i t du, eda che dp QLCT GDPT Nhdng van de md moi ehe dp QLCT GDPT d n t r i ldi dd la: Lam t h i ndo de xdc lap v l phdn phdi quyin ban QLCT GDPT ciia mdi qudc gia? Cd d u QLCT GDPT d d p trung Udng, dja phUdng vd nhd trudng phd thdng d n dupe thiet ldp dudi hlnh thdc ndo? Gida d c ed d u CO tdn tai quan he 11 thudc khdng? Trong dd, van d l 102-KHOAHOCGlAODUC trung tdm la: Phdn djnh quyin han gida ehinh quyen trung Udng va ehinh quyin dia phUdng, gida ed quan chd qudn GDPT vdi nha trddng thdng v l phuong difn QLCT GDPT NhU vay, chi dp QLCT GDPT Id tong hda cOa hi thong to chtfc vd quan hi vi quyin hgn QLCT GDPT Cy t h i , c h l QLCT GDPT la h i thdng d c cd quan QLa GDPT, quan he quyin han ITnh vUc chUdng trinh GDPT va tdng t h i cle phUdng phap, each thdc, phddng tifn ma d e cd quan sddyng de thdc hiln quyin lyc v i ehdong trinh GDPT Xu t h f ctf b i n cda che quin li chUOng trinh gido due phd thdng h i l n Quan sit todn diln c h l dd QLCT GDPT hifn ciia cle qudc gia trfn t h i gidi cd t h i thiy ring chidd QLCT tdp quyin trung uang phdn quyin diaphuang vd hon hap II ba c h l dp QLCT GDPT tao n i n t h i chdn vac Cic qudc gia trin t h i gidi xly dy^g cle c h l dp QLCT GDPT khdng gidng vd sy lya chpn dfu ed can nguyfn cCia nd dddi Inh hddng cda nhdng nhdn td t h i chl chinh trj; kinh t l ; truyln thdng lich sdva van hda dan tde; muc tilu gilo due; td chit nha gido due (hifu trddng, gido vifn, ) v l nhdng yiu td khae Ching han, nudc MTthye hifn chf dd QLCT GDPT phan quyen dja phUdng chii yiu la dnh hddng cda c h l dd chinh tri vd chl QLGD phan quyin dja phddng Trdng sp tUOng hd gida ba c h l dd QLCT GDPT trin ddy, hifn naycd mdtxu hudng mdi \ii: Cdc quSc gia khdng ngtfng edi cdch chidd QLCT GDPT theo khuynh hUdng hda hap ede chidd QLCT Cho du Id chf dp QLCT GDPT tap quyen trung Udng hay che dp QLCT GDPT phan quyfn dja phddng thi d c qudc gia deu tinh toln dfn sU kit hdp gida tap quyin vd phdn quyin Loai hlnh hda hpp nly cung tim kilm nhdng dilm k i t hop, cdn ddi mdi gida cdc loai c h l dp QLCT GDPT Odng thdi, qud GIAO OUC NUUC NGOAl Uinh d i each QLCT, d e qudc gia thddng chd trpng den diem xult phit, dilm dot p h i cda c h l QLCT theo xu thi binh ding Chang hgn: -Nhung qudc gia thUc hiln c h l dpQLCTGDPTtheo kieu phin quyin dja phuang thudng lay nhiem vu khic phuc nhdng ban c h l cua minh, t i l p thu nhdng uu dilm cua chl dp QLCT GDPT kieu tdp quyen trung Udng vd che dd QLCT GDPT kilu hdn hpp di xdy dyng tieu chuan chUdng trinh tUdng ddi thdng nhit tren todn quoc Do vdy, nhdng qudc gia phin quyfn ^ a phuang QLCTGDPT nhu MT, Anh d l u bit dau td viee d i each tifu chuan chucmg trinh, ban hdnh he thdng elc van ban phdp quy ve chdOng trinh, xdy dyng tieu ehuIn chuang trinh qudc gia thdng nhat tren toan qudc nhim myc dfch nang cao I chit lupng GDPT qudc gia - Trong dd, nhdng qudc gia QLCT GDPT theo kieu tap quyin trung uang cdng hpc tap, ddc rut kinh nghiim td ehe dp QLCT phin quyen, da thuc hiln giao them nhilu quyin ban va trach nhifm QLCT GDPT eho dp dja phucmg va nha trudng phd thdng Vi dy nhU, td nhdng nam 80 eOa the kl XX, Trung Qudc bit dau tien hdnh d i cdch che dd QLCT GDPT, xle lap ehe dd d p QLCT GDPT, t i f n hdnh phin phdi Igi quyfn han v l trdeh ijjjjl' nhilm eda cap chd t h i QLCT (qudc gia, dja phuang va nhd trddng thdng) Ddy la sy k i t hdp hdi hda nhdng uu t h i ciia c h l dp trung Udng tap quyfn trude day vdi nhdng Uu t h i eda ehe dp phan quyen dja phuong, xac lap che dp ba d p QLCT GDPT mang dae sac Trung Qudc B§n eanh Trung Qudc, nhdng qudc gia khae thye hien chl dp QLCT GDPT tap quyfn cung khdng dinh trf, da khdng ngiitig t i l n hdnh edi d c h Chang ban, nude Phdp thUe hiln 10% chuong trinh ty do, md rdng quyen han v l chuong trinh eda nha trudng phd thdng; Nhat Bdn thdc hiln ehe dd trung uong tham djnh sdch gilo khoa GDPT, md rdng t i l u chuIn tham dinh sach gilo khoa GDPT v.v Td su phan tieh t r i n diy cd the thay, xu t h i phdt trien chl dp QLCT GDPT cua cle qudc gia t r i n t h i gidi hifn cd the ndi Id "tram sdng vf mdt biln", d l u ed gIng kit hpp che dp QLCT GDPT t i p quyin trung UOng va phin quyen dja phUdng Ndi cleh khde, xu t h i ed bdn ciia che dp QLCT GDPT hifn tim kiem sU binh ding wd chuyen sang xu the hda hpp Chdng tdi cho ring, c h l 3p QLCT GDPT li tudng nhat la che dp QLCT hda hop QG thong nhft QL ® Chl dp QLCT hda hpp Id sy k i t hdp hdu cd, phdi hdp tinh h ^ li gida e h i dp QLCT tdp quyfn vd e h i dd QLCT phin quyin nhim dgt duoe nhdng uu t h i tdt nhat, phdt huy chdc nang hf thdng QLCT Cle qudc gia d l u dang hudng d i n ehe dp hda hpp nhung ndi dung ey t h i , phuong thdc k i t hdp gida t i p quyen vd phan quyfn cung khdng gidng nhau, vl mdi qudc gia deu ed hodn cdnh rifng cda minh Do vdy cae qudc gia chl ed t h i hpc hdi kinh nghiim lan nhau, khdng the ndo rip khudn toan bd Bin canh dd, bat k l mdt che ndo (che dp chinh trj, c h l dd kinh te, ) cdng deu van dong, phdt trien khdng ngdng td m i t eln ddi den edn doi, rdi mat edn ddi, lap di tap tai khdng ngutig nhim fim kiem mdt sy d n ddi mdi Sy phat triln eda c h l dd QLCT GDPT cung khdng Id ngogi If, khdng phli Id "nhat bit biln"md yiu elu phli khdng ngCmg tim tdi nghien edu, ddi mdi va d i thiln Oac trUng ctf ban cCta c h l dd q u i n li chUtfng trinh g i l o due ph6 thdng hifn t r i n the gidi 4.1 Ddn chtf hda quin li chuang trinh gido due phd thdng Thtf nhdt Id xu thi cdn dSi phdn phSi quyin hgn QLCT GDPT gitfa trung uang dja phuang vd nhd trUdng phS thdng Cae qudc gia tren t h i gidi d l u t i l n hlnh d i d c h khdng ngiitig, trUdc h i t Id eac qudc gia QLCT GDPT theo c h l dp tap quyen trung Udng dang thUc hifn vifc trad mdt bd phan hoac nhifu hdn d e quyfn hgn qud tap trung trudc day eho dia phUdng va nhd trUdng phd thdng Mat khac, d nhdng qudc gia thed c h l dp QLCT phin quyin dia phUdng trUdc diy, trung t i m d i each eiia hp Id thu hdi nhdng quyen han qua phin t i n t r d v l eho trung Udng d tren dd phdn tich xu t h i QLCT GDPT "tram sdng ve mdt bien", dd Id dan chdng eho sy dan ehu hda OUcJng nhiln, d i each phin phdi lai quyfn hgn chddng trinh GDPT II xu t h i khdng edn gi phli ban cat nda, nhdng rdt cudc lam t h i ndo de dat dUdc sd d n ddi, ddn chd gida quyfn hgn QLCT cda trung uang, quyin hgn QLCT cda cNa phUOng vd quyin ban QLCT cda nha trudng phd thdng vln Id van de ma d e qudc gia can phdi nghiin cdu va gidi quylt tien trinh d i edch c h i d d QLCT GDPT Thtf hai Id da dgng hda nhdn vien, dpi ngu tham gia QLCT Nhin ehung, c h l dp QLCT GDPT hiln eda d c qudc gia da ed sy md rdng phdn vd dgi difn v l nhan vifn tham gia Cho du Id xdy dyng Q