® G l A O DUC NUdc NGOAI XU THE PHAT TRIEN CHUONG TRINH NGOAI N G O / T I E N G ANH CUA MOT SO NUQIC THEN THE GlOl THS DOTH! NGOC HIEN Trung tam Nghien ciiu Giio due Ph£ thdng 1 Tdng quan ve chtftfng[.]
® G l A O DUC NUdc NGOAI XU THE PHAT TRIEN CHUONG TRINH NGOAI N G O / T I E N G ANH CUA MOT SO NUQIC THEN THE GlOl THS DOTH! NGOC HIEN Trung tam Nghien ciiu Giio due Ph£ thdng Tdng quan ve chtftfng trinh (CT) man Ngoai ngtf/Tieng Anh ciia mpt sd ntfdc tren the gidi 1.1 Hin Quae hpc, sd lupng t d t d i da cau Chuan can dat 6ugc quy djnh cho tdng n i m hpc ddi vdi ki ning nghe, ndi, dpc, v i l t 1.2 Trung Qude d Hin Qude, mdn Tilng Anh (TA) dupe b i t d i u day hpe vdi tu d e h I I mdn hpe b i t bude td Idp vdi thdi lupng t i l t / t u l n d t i l u hpc, v i 3-4 t i l t / t u l n d THCS THPT mdn TA ddpc day theo d c chd d4, mdi n i m hpe cd khoing ehd d l v i mdi ehii d4 dugc day t i l t hpc Ngoai ngd (NN) la mdn hpe tif ehpn d tieu hpe, mdn hpe bat bude d trung hpcTA l i NN phd biln nhlt dupc day hpe d trUdng phd thdng Thdi lupng day hpe mdn TA d t i l u hpe ed t h i Idn tdi 3-4 t i l t / t u l n v i ehilm g i n 13% tdng thdi lUpng day hpe d trung hpe Mue tidu mdn TA d trUdng phd thdng Hin Qude l i nham giup HS p h i t t r i l n k h i ning hilu v l giao t i l p bing TA v l nhdng ehii d i l m thdng thudng cudc sdng hing ngiy, cu t h i la: Giup HS h i l u dupe sif ein t h i l t phli b i l t giao t i l p bing TA; Giup HS giao t i l p ed hidu q u i eude sdng hing ngiy v l nhdng ehii d i l m thdng thudng; Giup HS hilu d c thdng tin da dang bing TA v l van dung thde t l ; Giup HS thdng qua vide hpc TA b i l t t r i n trpng d e n i n v i n h o i khie v i gidi thidu n i n v i n h o i d i n tde mlnh Mue tidu day hpe mdn TA d trudng phd thdng Trung Qudc nhin manh d i n vide hinh thinh ele ki ning giao t i l p co ban v i sif hilu b i l t v l ngdn ngd v i v i n hoi, t i n g cudng ttnh tich cue vide hpc tap v l giao t i l p b i n g NN, Oilm ndi bat eiia CT mdn TA cua Trung Qude l i dupe t h i l t k l theo d e thang ble trinh dp nang life va d i m bio kit hpp gida mue tidu ehung vdi d e mue tidu eu t h i VIn b i n CTmdnTA bao gdm hai phan: nhdng hudng d i n ehung v l CT gilo due phd thdng (GDPT) v i CT mdn TA (die diem ehung cda mdn hpc, mue tidu, ndi dung, phuong phap day hpc, d i n h gil) Ngoii ra, CT cdn eung elp d e phu lue v l ndi dung day hpe mdn hpe Ndi dung day hpe mdn TA bao gdm phan: H I thdng ndi dung day hpc (Contents system) v i Chuan c i n dat (Accomplishment standards) Hd thdng ndi dung day hpe dupe t h i hidn thdng qua linh vife: 1/Clc ki ning ngdn ngd (nghe, ndi, dpc, v i l t v i k h i nang tfch hop ki nang niy); 2/ Cae hoat ddng glao t i l p : eae hoat ddng ngdn ngd ngd I m (Phonetic Language Activities) va cic hoat ddng ngdn ngd v i l t (Written Language Activities); 3/ Ngd lidu: quy djnh mdt sd nguydn t i c Ida chpn chu diem day hpe, ngdn ngd day hpc, sd Iupng t d vifng day hpe tdng n i m •KHOA HQC GlAO DQC Npi dung day hpe mdn TA dUpc slp xep theo elp dp v l nang life NN v i tap trung v i o d c ndi dung: kien thde ngdn ngd, ki ning ngdn ngd, hieu biet v l v i n h o i v i d e h thde hpe tap, Ndi dung day hpc cdn ddpc t h i hidn thdng qua hd thdng ehu d l , cic hoat ddng ngdn ngd v l ele y l u td ngdn ngd, van h o i 7.3 Malaysia Malaysia, TA ddpc day vdi td d c h II NN v l eung la phuang tidn day hpe song ngd mpt sd mdn hpe Vdi t u cleh l i NN, mdn TA dupe day vdi thdi lupng len den 240 phut/tuin d tieu hpc va 200 phut/tuin d trung hpc Thdi lupng day hpc TA l i nhieu nhlt so vdi d e mdn hpc khie d phd thdng CT mdn TA hidn h i n h d trUdng phd thdng Malaysia dUpc x i y dUng theo dUdng hddng y nidm - ehde ning v i ed co sd xuat phat td dudng hudng t i l p can giao t i l p ke thda t d CT dupe xiy dung tmdc Muc tidu CT nham trang bi eho HS nhdng ki nang v i k i l n thdc TA d l giao t i l p GIAO DUC NUOC NGOAI d e hoat ddng hing ngiy v l mdt sd tinh hudng cdng vide, ddng thdi cung tao co sd d l HS t i l p tue hpc d gial doan sau trung hpc Khie vdi CT trude dly, CT mdn TA hidn hinh lidt kd danh sach ele muc ngd phip, t d vifng, ngd I m c i n 6ugc day cho HS, Tuy nhidn, d l y khdng phli 11 CT theo dudng hudng ngd p h i p ma ndi dung day hpe CTddpe s l p xep theo ele chd dilm quen thupc ddi vdi HS va d c chii d i l m cung d p ngd d n h d l day hpc d c ki n i n g giao t i l p v l ndi dung ngdn ngd theo hudng tfch hpp, 1.4 Nga ^ tieng Dde,Tay Ban Nha, Y, BdOio Nha eung dupe day vdi tu d e h mdn NN THCS, HS t i l p tue hpc NN da hpc d t i l u hpc v i hpc thdm NN thd hai td nam thd ba cda THCS Muc tidu mdn TA khdng dupe trinh bay eu t h i v i n bin CT mdn hpe Tuy nhidn, ndi dung v i n bin CT toat len thdng didp eho thly muc tidu ehung eua vide day hpe NN d trUdng phd thdng la giiip HS ed eo hpi hpe NN sdm hon, t i n g cudng nang life giao t i l p khau ngd v i dat dupc d c d p dp ehung eiia chlu Au v l ngdn ngd Die bidt, CT nhin manh d i n day hpe giao t i l p khiu ngd d t i l u hpe VIn bin CT cda mdn hpe d mdi elp hpc bao gdm phan npi dung CT cho mdn NN ndi chung va ndi dung rieng bidt eho tdng NN, Phan ndi dung CT mdn TA bao gdm: 1/ Gidi thidu ehung, 2/ CIc hoat ddng giao t i l p (tilp thu ngdn ngd: nghe hilu, dpc hilu; sin sinh ngdn ngd: ddc thoai, vilt; nghe ndi tuong tie), 3/ Ndi dung v i n hoi v i td vdng, 4/ Cu phap v i hinh thai eii phip hpc, 5/ CT mdn NN/TA 11 mdt phan eiia CT qude gia NgdIm, tdng t h i , ed c l u true thdng n h l t eho d e NN ddpc Theo quy djnh cda CT, ket thiic t l l u hpc v i day trddng phd thdng Van b i n CT mdn TA THCS, HS ein ed trinh dp NN tUong dUong elp dp bao gdm ele p h i n chfnh nhd sau: Al v i Bl theo Khung tham chieu chung chlu Au - Phin 1: Gill thfch v l v i n b i n CT ve ngdn ngd, TA 11 mpt nhdng NN dupc day hpe d trddng phd thdng cda Nga, (3 trudng phd thdng, vide day hpc mdn TA hddng d i n mue tidu ehinh, dd II: Giup HS p h i t t r i l n ning life giao t i l p bang NN ndi chung v i TA ndi ridng; Giup HS ed k h i ning v i y thde sin sing tu hpe tap v i hpc tap NN sudt ddi - Phin 2: Ndi dung day hpc chu y l u ( d e linh vifc ehd d i l m , d e ki ning ngdn ngd (ndi dde thoai, hdi thoai, nghe, dpc, vilt), d c ki n i n g d n bing/bu d i p (cht ed d CTTHPT), d c ki ning hpe t i p - n h i n thde (cht cd d CTTHPT), ele ki nang v i n h o l - x l h d i (ehl ed d CTTHCS, THPT), kiln thde ngdn ngd (chd vilt, n g d i m , tdvifng, ngd phap) 1.6 Phan Lan d Phan Lan, CTNN l i v i n b i n t h i l t k l ehung cho ele NN ddpc day d phd thdng, NN dupe day hpe tu chpn td Idp 1, day hpe b i t bude td Idp 3, NN ddpc day hpc bat budc td Idp 7, Thdi Idpng day hpc d mdi Idp dja phuong quy djnh v i tdi t h i l u la 16 gid/tuan cho d e Idp 1-6 va gid/tuin - Phin 3: Ydu cau ein dat ddi vdi HS tdt nghidp cho ele Idp 7-9, Muc tidu ehung eOa day hpe NN d trddng CT mdn TA eda Nga nhin manh d i n p h i t triln ning life giao t i l p cho HS thdng qua p h i t phd thdng Phan Lan la giup HS ed k h i nang giao triln ele ning life t h i n h td nhU da dupe d l cap t i l p bang NN v i sd dung nhdng ki nang ngdn phin muc tidu day hpc CT eung dupc thiet ngd nhdng tinh hudng thieh hop Vide day k l dUa v i o Khung tham chieu ehung chlu Au v l hpe NN d PT eung nham gilo due HS b i l t edng ngdn ngd (CEFR), v i theo dd, k i t thuc tieu nhan v i t r i n trpng nhdng n i n v i n h o i v i truyin hpc, THCS, THPT HS p h l i dat dupc trinh dp tuong thdng ndde ngoii d n g l i A , A , Bl Van b i n CT mdn NN dupe t h i l t k l eho ele giai doan hpc tap (Idp 1-2, Idp 3-6, ldp 7-9, ) v l 1.5 Phip bao gdm phan: 1/Cie mue tieu, 2/Ndi dung cdt Trong hd thdng g i l o due eua Phip, mdn NN ldi, 3/ Ydu cau ve danh g i l k i t q u i hpc tap cudi dupe day d t i t c l d e elp hpc d t i l u hpc, ngoai mdi giai doan TA 11 NN phd b i l n nhlt, d c ngdn ngd khae nhu Sf78-IHAlK3A812^57 ^ GIAO DUC NUOC NGOAI Mue tidu day hpe ciia mdi giai doan hpc tap dupc t h i hidn d khia canh: 1/ sif t h i n h thao v l ngdn ngd ( d c ki n i n g giao tilp), 2/ cae ki ning v i n hoi, 3/ cae ehiln lupe hpe tap, Npi dung cdt Idl cOa mdi giai doan hpc tap dupe t h i hidn thdng qua ele npi dung v l : 1/ ehu diem, tinh hudng giao t i l p , 2/eau true ngdn ngd, 3/chien lupc glao tilp Ydu elu v i d a n h g i l k i t q u i hpe tap eudi giai doan dupe t h i l t k l dUa theo khia canh eiia mue tidu 64 ddi vdi mdi giai doan Phan Lan I p dung mot d e h linh hoat Khung tham chilu chung chlu Au v l ngdn ngd xiy ddng CT NN CIc elp dp A l , A2, Bl dupe ehia nhd t h i n h A1.1, A1.2, v i dupe md t l eu t h i phu luc cua CT 1.7 Bang California - Hoa IQ CTNN cua bang California 6ugc xiy dung ehung cho d e NN d trddng phd thdng VIn b i n CT bao gdm chuong: 1/Vai trd eCia NN, 2/ CIc elp dp thinh thao ngdn ngd, 3/ Npi dung CT mdn NN, 4/ HUdng d i n thifc hidn CT 5/Oanh gia HS, 6/ Ning eao ning life n g h i nghidp eiia GV, 7/Vai trd cda cha me, d e d p q u i n li v i edng ddng, 8/ CIc tidu ehi d i n h g i l t i i lidu day hpe Mue tidu day hpe NN dUpe g i l n t i l p md t l d chuong v l chuong 2, dd ndu rd, thdng qua vide trang bj kiln thdc v i p h i t triln d e ki ning nghe, ndi, dpc, viet bing NN, HS sd dupe p h i t t r i l n c l v l trt tue v i nhin cleh, vdpt qua khoing d c h v l dja It v i v i n hoi, tang cddng hilu b i l t lan v l p h i t t r i l n n i n kinh t l thjnh vUong thdi dai t o i n c l u h o i hidn Thdng thudng, ele bang d Hoa Ki ehi hudng d i n v l thdi Idpng ehung eho day hpe NN, khoing 1,5-2 gid/tuIn tuy' theo elp hpc eii the, Mue tidu eu t h i ciia mdn hpe tdng giai doan dupc gidi thidu ehUong eua CT Chuong md t l ehi t i l t cae elp dp thao ngdn ngd q u i tnnh day hpc NN d trUdng PT Trong hd thdng g i l o due eua bang California, cd elp dp t h i n h thao ngdn ngd Thdng thudng, elp dp dupe I p dung d tieu hpe, elp dp - d THCS, elp dp v i - dTHPT Ngoii ra, van b i n CT eung hudng dan cu t h i v i tl mi v l vide thifc hidn CT thdc t i l n , cleh thdc danh gia k i t q u i •KHOA HQC GlAO DQC hpe tap, bdi dudng chuydn mdn ddi vdi GV, ele tieu chi lUa ehpn v i d i n h g i l t i i lidu day hpe, ele ngudn tai lieu tham khio, 1.8 Quebee- Canada d Quebee, TA dupc eoi nhu ngdn ngd thd hai, MdnTA la mpt phin linh vUc hpe tap'Ngdn ngd", Linh vifc hpe tap niy thudng chilm khoing 30-35% thdi lupng day hpe mdi n i m hpc CT qude gia khdng quy djnh sd t i l t eu t h i eiia mdn hpc Vide phin bd thdi lupng day hpc dupe thife hidn d ele d p gilo due dja phuong CT mdn TA dupe xiy difng theo t i l p can difa vao ning life ddi vdi ngdn ngd thd hai, VI vay, bdn eanh nhin manh d i n nhdm ning life ddi vdl mdn TA nhu doe va nghe, v i l t ele loai vin bin, dien dat suy nghi cua b i n than dUdI d e hinh thdc phuong tidn khie nhau, sd dung ngdn ngd d l giao t i l p v i hpe tap, CT mdn TA edn d l t d c ning life niy mdi lidn he vdi ele nhdm nang life khic CT giao due ndi chung Ddi vdi mdi nhdm ning life, CT g i i i thieh cu t h i v l bin chat cua nhdm nang life dd, v l mdi quan hd vdi d e nhdm ning life khie CT, v l ngd d n h v l qui trinh phit t r i l n ning life day hpe Tilp dd, CT eung dua d e tidu cht d i n h g l l v l ydu elu ve kit q u i d i u k i t thuc mdi giai doan hpc tap d PT Cudi cung CT dUa d e md t l v l d c kiln thde, chien lupc, ki n i n g , cho mdi nhdm ning life Mpt so nhan dinh v l xu the phat trien chtftfng trinh NN/TA anh trdn the gidi hien 2.1 Die diem eua mdn hgc Tuy theo quan d i l m eiia tdng nUde, mdn NN/ TA ed t h i I I mdt p h i n linh vdc hpe tap ngdn ngd eua CT qude gia (linh vife niy bao gdm el t i l n g me dd), hole l i mdt linh vife hpc tap ridng bidt eiia CT qudc gia, hole la mdt mdn hpe ddc lap Thdi diem day hpe mdn NN/TA vdi tU d e h l i mdn hpc bat budc khdng gidng d d e qude gia nhUng xu t h i ehung la b i t dau day hpc mdn NN/TA td tieu hpc, thdng thudng l i td Idp 3, HS d l biet dpc, biet viet b i n g tieng me de, Nhilu qudc gia nhin manh vai trd eiia TA vdi tu d c h la mdt nhdng ngdn ngd cua t o i n elu hoi, v l vay, TA thudng dupe lifa ehpn l i NN b i t budc thd nhlt dupe day hpe d phd thdng GIAO DUC NUflC NGOAI Quy djnh v l thdi lupng day hpc eho mdn NN/TA khdng cdng nhle, CT thudng quy djnh sd gid hpc tdi da/tdl thilu/cho c l nam hpe d l dja phuang t u quylt djnh thdi lupng eu t h i 2.2 Xu thi vi dudng hudng tiip ein phit triin CT NN/TA Mae du nhilu qude gia van cho ring CT mdn NN/TA cda hp dupe x i y difng theo dudng hudng glao t i l p , nhung trdn thuc t l nhdng kilu CT hidn thudng dupc x i y dung theo quan d i l m t r i l t trung (eclectic approach), dd l i lUa ehpn v i k i t hpp mdt sd y l u td die thii t d d e kilu CT khie l i m tidu chl d l xiy difng CT nhu k i t hop ngd phip vdi ki ning v l v i n b i n , k i t hpp nhidm vu vdl ehu d i l m v i chde n i n g , , Od la nhdng CT dupc p h i t triln t d n i n t i n g eda nhdng CT trudc dd v i k i t hpp vdl nhdng y l u td mdi v l dupe gpi II CT hdn hpp (hybrid/multl-/multidimensional/ mixed syllabus) 2.3 Xu thi vi edu true vin bin CT - d nhdng nUde thdc hidn phin d p quin It gilo due v l GV cd trinh dp tdt, d elp qude gia, CT mdn NN/TA thUdng 11 CT khung d l g i i m thilu 'tinh ddng loat" thife hidn CT, nang eao hidu q u i eda CT ddi vdi ele ddi tupng HS, d e viing, m i l n khie Trong mpt sd trudng hpp, bdn eanh CT khung edn ed gpi y CT ehi t i l t hon eho d c elp Idp ^ eua d e nude d i u n h i n manh d i n mue tidu p h i t triln ning life giao t i l p eho HS Khai nidm ning life giao t i l p 6ugc t h i hidn CT l i khai nidm 6ugc van dung td khung tham ehilu ehung chau Au v l ngdn ngd Muc tidu day hpc NN/TA vdi tU d c h l i mdn hpc CT GDPT qude gia thudng dupe bao gdm d e mue tidu v l ngdn ngd (hinh thinh v l phat triln ning life giao tiep) v i d c muc tidu ve gilo due ndi ehung (mue tidu phi ngdn ngd) 2.5 Xu thi vi ngi dung dgy hgc - Npi dung day hpe II t h i n h td xult hidn d h l u h i t CT d e nude Ndi dung day hpc ed t h i bao gdm nhilu mach npi dung khae va theo d c h t i l p can x i y dung CT m l ele nudc Ida chpn v l du tidn mdt hole nhilu maeh npi dung day hpe n i o Thdng thudng, d c maeh hay xult hidn ndi dung day hpc cua CTNN/ TA d e ndde l i : ki ning giao t i l p , kiln thdc ngdn ngd, chdc ning giao t i l p , ehii dilm, chiln lupc hpe tap NN, ndi dung van h o i Ki ning giao t i l p , theo gilo hpe phip NN truyin thdng, dupe chia ki ning nghe, ndi, dpc, viet Trong ndi dung CT hidn eda mpt sd qudc gia, nhlt la nhdng qude gia ap dung khung tham chieu chung chau Au vio xiy dung CT, ki ning giao tiep bao gdm ki ning: nghe, ndi dde thoai, ndi tuong tic, dpc v i vilt Kiln thdc ngdn ngd d e CT dupc the - Clu true van b i n CT eda d c qudc gia thudng da dang, phong phu, khic bidt Tuy nhidn, cd t h i hidn theo yeu td: ngd I m , td vung, ngd phip lilt k l mdt sd t h i n h td thudng dupe d l cap den Ddi vdi ele qudc gia cd chd viet khdng phli he La van b i n CT mdn NN/TA cda d e nude nhd: tinh, ndi dung ngdn ngdedn bao gdm c l ehd vilt gidi thidu ehung (vj trl, vai trd, thdi lUpng, eda Chii diem eung l i y l u td xuat hidn thudng mdn hpe), mue tidu, ndi dung day hpc, phuong xuydn d CT d c ndde dudi dang "kho' d c chu phip day hpc, d i n h g i l k i t q u i hpe tap, vai trd d i l m mang tinh djnh hudng eho t i e g i l sleh giao cOa GV, chuan d i n h g i l , khoa,GV,cln b p q u i n If q u i trinh thife hidn CT 2.4 Xu thi vi muc tiiu CT Muc t i l u mdn hpe thudng dupe t h i hidn d d c d p dd khie nhau, thdng thudng l i elp dp mue tidu chung cho GDPT v i muc tidu cu the eho tdng d p hpc, giai doan hpe tap Mue tidu mdn hpc cd t h i hudng den mdt hole n h i l u dich khae thudc v i o quan d i l m t i l p can mdn hpc v i chiln lupc gilo due cua tifng qudc gia Tuy nhiln, hau h i t CT NN/TA Chien lupe/ki t h u l t hpe tap NN (learning strategies) l i ndi dung ddpc nhin manh CT cua mdt sd nUde v i b i t d i u ddpc cu t h i h o i nol dung day hpc NN, 2.6 Phuang phip dgy hoe - Odi vdi d c qudc gia thUe hidn phin elp giao due v l GV cd trinh dp chuydn mdn cao, phin Stf78-THAM3/2gi2