Luận án đã làm rõ hơn những vấn đề lý luận chủ yếu về hiệu quả quản trị Ngân hàng thương mại (NHTM), nâng cao hiệu quả quản trị NHTM, mối tương quan giữa đổi mới quản trị và hiệu quả kinh doanh của NHTM trong bối cảnh hội nhập kinh tế quốc tế (có tính tới mô hình phát triển kinh tế thị trường định hướng xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam). Đồng thời từ nghiên cứu lý thuyết, kế thừa kết quả tổng quan và quan sát thực tiễn tác giả đã chỉ ra các yếu tố ảnh hưởng tợi hiệu quả quản trị NHTM, xác định được bộ chỉ tiêu đánh giá hiệu quả quản trị của NHTM (trong điều kiện Việt Nam). Trong đó, tác giả đã xác định mối tương quan bằng những chỉ tiêu định lượng giữa đổi mới quản trị NHTM với hiệu quả kinh doanh của NHTM. Những phát hiện, đề xuất mới rút ra được từ kết quả nghiên cứu, khảo sát của luận án Luận án cung cấp cơ sở khoa học cho Ngân hàng thương mại cổ phần Ngoại thương Việt Nam (Vietcombank) trong việc nâng cao hiệu quả quản trị ngân hàng trong bối cảnh hội nhập kinh tế quốc tế. Đặc biệt luận án đã chỉ ra những thành công cũng như những hạn chế, nguyên nhân của những hạn chế về hoạt động quản trị của Vietcombank, làm rõ các căn cứ và đề xuất định hướng nâng cao hiệu quả quản trị cho Vietcombank đến năm 2030. Đồng thời tác giả đề xuất bốn nhóm giải pháp chủ yếu nhằm nâng cao hiệu quả quản trị của Vietcombank ; kiến nghị những việc quan trọng cần phải làm đối với Nhà nước và Ngân hàng Nhà nước Việt Nam.
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING MINISTRY OF PLANNING AND INVESTMENT INSTITUTE OF DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY Tran Thi Vinh Thuong IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE OF JOINT STOCK COMMERCIAL BANK OF FOREIGN TRADE OF VIETNAM IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION Major : DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS Code : 9310105 SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL THESIS IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS Hanoi - 2021 The work was completed at:…………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………… Science instructor: PhD PHAM THANH BINH PhD TO THI ANH DUONG Reviewer 1: ……………………………………………… …………………………………………………………… Reviewer 2:……………………………………………… …… ………………………………………………… Reviewer 3: ……………………………………………… …………………………………………………………… The thesis will be defended in front of the State Thesis Judging Committee meeting at ……………………………………………………………………… Time date month year This thesis can be found in the library: ………………………………… THE LISTS OF THE ANNOUCED RESEARCH WORKS OF AUTHOR THAT CONCERN WITH THE THESIS The overview of the retail banking service development of “foreign” banks in Vietnam, ISSN code 08667120, The magazine of Economic and Forcast, No 08.2015, page 56-58 The opportunity of the digital banking development in Vietnam in the context of 4.0 industrial revolution, Proceedings of the workshop on “The development of digital bank in Viet Nam – Soluitons and Policy recommendations”, ISBN Code 978-604-70-3189-4, The publisher of natural culture Eveluation of Basel II implementations according to columns in risk managements in Vietcombank, The magazine of Economic and Forcast, ISSN 1859-4972, No 31, 11.2015, page 38-42 The solutions of improving the efficiency of corporate governance in Joint stock commercial bank of foreign trade Viet Nam, The magazine of Economic and Forcast, ISSN 1859-4972, No.35 12.2021 FOREWORD Reason for choosing the topic The banking system of any country plays a decisive role in the socio-economic development of that country; the development efficiency of each bank affects the overall development efficiency of the economy, in which the business performance of banks depends primarily on the management of a bank as well as the management of the whole banking system first However, in Vietnam, how to effectively manage a bank (effective for the bank itself, for the whole banking system, and each bank's contribution to the national economy) is based on taking advantage of advances in banking governance on a global scale In Vietnam as well as in the world, there are still commercial banks doing poorly In the process of global economic integration, how to effectively manage banks, there are still many theoretical and practical problems that have not been clarified In the process of researching the development of the Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam (abbreviated as Vietcombank), the author found that although Vietcombank with the development potential of a leading bank in Vietnam, the bank has a great influence on the domestic economy, it’s facing unpredictable changes from the business environment and innovation pressure in line with international practices to improve competitiveness and develop stability, efficiency and sustainability still reveal many limitations Assuming that, without innovating the governance model and improving governance efficiency, it is impossible to improve the business efficiency of the bank Therefore, banking governance is an issue that needs to be studied not only for Vietcombank but also for other banks in Vietnam To achieve the goal of the assumption, many research questions are raised For example, what, how, and where to start to improve the management efficiency of Vietcombank At the same time, in terms of practice, there is a great need in Vietnam today for research and application of international experience in banking governance to improve the quality, operational efficiency as well as ability to withstand uncertainties of the global economy and financial markets Therefore, the author chooses the issue "Improving the efficiency of corporate governance of Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam in the context of international economic integration" as the topic of her Ph.D thesis in Development Economics with the desire to provide solutions to improve the efficiency of corporate governance of Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam, contributing to clarifying some theoretical and practical issues about governance efficiency and improving the efficiency of the banking governance in the context of Vietnam's tight and wide international economic integration Research purpose This study aimed at clarifying the theoretical issues on improving the efficiency of commercial bank governance, the factors affecting the effectiveness of commercial bank governance in the context of international economic integration, and proposing solutions to improve the efficiency of Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam in the context of international economic integration The mainly research missions The first, building the theoretical basis on improving the efficiency of commercial bank governance in the context of international economic integration The second, researching of the successful and unsuccessful experiences in the governance innovation The third, evaluating the situation of Vietcombank governance innovation The fourth, proposing the orientation of governance innovation of Vietcombank and the solutions for improving the efficiency of commercial bank governance in the context of international economic integration and the vision to the year of 2030 Object and scope of research The research object of the topic includes banking governance, governance efficiency, and improving the governance efficiency of Vietcombank in Vietnam in the context of international economic integration Research scope: The thesis researches both theory and practice, both the current situation and the future The thesis studies the current state of banking governance at Vietcombank since 2015 (the time when Vietcombank started researching and implementing projects to apply the terms Basel II standards to banking governance in the process of The State Bank's Project on Restructuring Credit Institutions) to 2020 (a period when Vietnam has fully integrated deeply into the world economy and is under pressure from the fluctuations of the economy due to the influence of The Covid-19 pandemic, as well as other political and economic fluctuations, is a time to evaluate the resilience and sustainable development brought about by innovation in banking governance) The thesis researches orientations and solutions to improve the governance efficiency of the Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam to 2030 Research framework To ensure the right direction and implementation of the thesis's purpose, the author builds the research framework of the thesis according to the following diagram: Diagram 1.1 Research Framework 2.1 Theoretical basis and experience in improving the efficiency of commercial bank management in the context of international economic integration Theoretical research on the efficiency of commercial OVERVIEW 3.1 Current status of governance efficiency of Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam in the period 2015-2020 4.1 Solutions to improve the governance efficiency of Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam in the context of integration Evaluation of the current state of governance efficiency of Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam Proposing solutions to improve the governance efficiency of Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam 2.2.Consulting practical experiences in commercial banking management Source: Author Approaches and research methods Research on the topic is approached in the following main directions: approach from theory to practice, from macro to micro, approach to systems, the principle of cause and effect, and according to economic space and market At the same time, to achieve the set objectives, the thesis uses research methods: mathematical modeling method, statistical analysis associated with diagrams, graphs, tables, policy analysis method, and expert methods Data source of the thesis The thesis mainly uses data sources such as the Annual Report of the State Bank, Annual Report of Vietcombank, Annual Report of Commercial Banks, General Statistics Office, reports of the Ministry of Finance, information reports of international organizations such as ABD, IMF, Basel II Committee, OECD New contributions of the thesis The thesis clarifies some concepts and contents about the efficiency of commercial bank management The thesis provides a scientific basis for building orientations and solutions to improve the efficiency of governance of Joint Stock Commercial Banks for Foreign Trade of Vietnam Research structure In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the table content, appendices, list of references to the thesis are structured into chapters: Chapter 1: Overview of scientific works related to improving the efficiency of commercial bank governance in the context of international economic integration Chapter 2: Theoretical basis for improving the governance of commercial banks in Vietnam in the context of international economic integration Chapter 3: Actual situation of effective governance of Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam in the period 2015-2020 Chapter 4: Solutions to improve the governance efficiency of Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam in the context of international economic integration CHAPTER OVERVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC WORKS RELATED TO IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF COMMERCIAL BANK GOVERNANCE IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION 1.1 Overview of commercial banking management 1.1.1 The concept of Commercial Bank Governance 1.1.1.1 Domestic projects Scholar Phan Phuong Nam [59] approaches the concept of commercial bank management following commercial banking management, which is the entire set of principles governing the relationship between parts of the commercial bank's organizational structure, the relationship between shareholders and people related to the commercial bank in order to effectively implement the management and administration of the bank, protect the fairness and rationality of the interests of those who are related and ensure publicity and transparency in all activities of the commercial banks 1.1.1.2 Foreign projects According to Macey and O'hara [113], when approaching corporate governance at commercial banks, it is necessary to consider it as a mechanism including both internal governance and external governance The internal governance mechanism includes shareholders and depositors External governance mechanisms include market discipline and supervisory systems However, with this approach, the scholar believes that while the market discipline factor is less mentioned, the role of the supervisory system is more concerned, whereby the management of the Government is considered as a decisive factor in limiting the ability of commercial bank managers to have behaviors that adversely affect depositors 1.2 Overview of governance efficiency and evaluation of commercial bank governance efficiency 1.2.1 Overview of commercial bank governance efficiency 1.2.1.1 Domestic works According to Encyclopedia [1], efficiency is the ability to produce desired results, while according to the Vietnamese Dictionary [51], efficiency is the match between actual results and expected results Thus, the efficiency in governance of commercial banks also must be understood from different perspectives on three aspects: commercial banks, customers, and the economy 1.2.1.2 Foreign works According to ADB [1], the governance efficiency of Joint Stock Commercial Bank is expressed through four basic elements: accountability, participation, predictability, and transparency According to the OECD [48], the main factors affecting the efficiency of commercial banks' governance include: accountability, transparency, efficiency and effectiveness, timeliness, visibility, and regulations The review of the cited works shows that most of the studies on the efficiency of commercial banks' governance only refer to the efficiency of the bank itself, which is the assessment of the results of the difference in investment costs of input and output results, however, However, it is not clear what the input costs are in the bank's governance The efficiency of commercial banks' governance must be assessed from two perspectives: banking efficiency and economic efficiency 1.2.2 Overview of evaluation of commercial bank governance efficiency 1.2.2.1 Domestic works The overview study shows that most of the research related to the introduction of analytical criteria to evaluate the efficiency of banking governance in the past 10 years have focused on assessing effective banking governance according to international principles For example, research by Le Thi Huyen Dieu and Nguyen Trung Hau [56], Tran Thi Thanh Tu and Pham Bao Khanh [64] and Bui Huu Toan [60] systematized the OECD’s corporate governance evaluation criteria and the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision Risk Management to provide qualitative assessments of internal governance, Board responsibilities, obstacles and barriers in the legal enforcement 1.2.2.2 Foreign works In the study of bankruptcy in the Indonesian market, scholars Judijanto, L and Khmaladze, E., V [113] selected 12 criteria among 32 financial indicators to evaluate the performance of commercial banks The groups of financial indicators include: Operational efficiency and profitability (profit before tax/staff expenses, profit/equity, Return on assets, profit margin); capital adequacy (equity/profitable assets, equity/lending); interest rate differentials (marginal interest, lending revenue/interest expense); credit (average profit and cost of capital); liquidity (liquid assets/total deposits); member company deposit/lending, quality of profitable assets (risk provisions/lending) The review results show that the authors have not mentioned the criteria for evaluating the efficiency of commercial banks' governance and just mentioned the criteria to evaluate the business performance of commercial banks This issue raises the need for the author to study more deeply CHAPTER THEORETICAL BASIS ON ENHANCING THE EFFICIENCY OF COMMERCIAL BANKING’S GOVERNANCE IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION 2.1 Concept of commercial banking management in the context of international economic integration 2.1.1 Commercial bank’s governance in the context of international economic integration Integration in the banking sector brings a lot of great value to promote development and improve capacity for Vietnamese commercial banks There is the globalization of governance models, methods of evaluating results, business efficiency, fierce competition, and linkages between banks International integration creates favorable conditions for commercial banks to penetrate international markets, expand business activities and operate networks through service provision within the framework of commitments Besides, the banking market in Vietnam also welcomes the participation of foreign banks in providing services and exploiting the market 11 2.2.2.4 Borlaug Global Rust Initiative (BGRI) Table 2.4 BGRI score structure Content (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) CGI index Shareholders and General Meeting of Shareholders Board of Directors Board of Supervisors Publicity, transparency and audit Question number 57 18 Weight 19 12 26,03% 10,96% 16,44% BRI index Risk management BGRI index 78,08% 24,66% 16 21,92% 16 73 100% Source: Tran Thi Thanh Tu et al The basis for calculating the weights for each component bar in the CGI and BRI part sentences is made by dividing the total number of criteria of each component by the total number of criteria of the BGRI index Thus, the weight of CGI is 78.08% and the weight of BRI is 21.92% BGRI = CGI x 78,08% + BRI x 21,92% On the basis of assessing the capacity of commercial bank management according to the BRGI method, the author assesses the relationship between bank governance efficiency and business performance 2.3 Factors affecting the efficiency of commercial bank’s governance in the context of international economic integration - Context of international economic integration - National economic development model - Market and competition - State policy and legal environment - Governance model - Competence and Board of Directors’ management and administration - Ability to test, monitor, control and evaluate - Globalization 12 2.2 Research of practical experiences in enhancing governance efficiency of commercial bank 2.2.1 Experience in enhancing the efficiency of commercial banking governance of some banks in the world Regarding the practical experience in improving the efficiency of commercial banks' governance, many banks in the world have focused on the following solution: restructuring the bank, building a modern governance model in congruence with international practices; investing in technology and implementing effective governance practices like the examples of some Commercial Bank of China 2.2.2 Lessons learned for Vietnam Firstly, it is necessary to change the thinking about banking governance Second, restructuring the organizational and operating model Thirdly, transforming the income structure to raising income from services (noncredit services) with the core being digital banking transformation Fourthly, building a development strategy in the medium and long-term is associated with sustainable and intensive development Fifth, actively increase competitiveness in science and technology The sixth is to apply international practices to banking governance CHAPTER THE STATUS OF EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF VIETNAM FOREIGN TRADE JOINT STOCK COMMERCIAL BANK FOR 20152020 3.1 Overview of Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam On April 1, 1963, Bank for Foreign Trade was officially established under Decision No 115/CP issued by the Government Council on October 30, 1962 on the basis of separation from the Foreign Exchange Management Department under the Bank central bank (now the State Bank) After more than half a century of operation in the market, Vietcombank is now one of the largest commercial banks in Vietnam with over 18,000 employees, more than 600 13 branches/transaction offices/representative offices/members at home and abroad, including Head Office in Hanoi, 111 branches and 472 banking transaction offices quality, subsidiaries in Vietnam, representative office and subsidiaries abroad, representative office in Singapore, representative administration office in the US, administration agencies, joint venture companies, affiliated companies… Table 3.1 Vietcombank's basic business performance metrics for the period 2015-2020 Unit: Billion VND, % Target/Year 2015 2016 2017 2018 Comaparison growth 2019 2020 1.222.814 1.326.230 18,0 29,7 3,7 13,9 8,5 16/15 17/16 18/17 19/18 20/19 Total assets 674.395 787.935 1.035.293 1.074.027 Outstading 395.620 460.808 557.688 639.370 741.387 845.128 16,0 21 14,6 16,0 14,0 524.715 600.737 726.734 823.390 1.039.086 1.053.34 14,5 21 13,3 16,0 1,37 Credit Total liabilities and owners' equity Owner’s 45.172 48.102 52.558 62.179 80.954 94.095 6,0 9,3 18,3 30,2 16,2 35.978 35.978 35.978 35.978 37.089 37.089 0 3,1 6.827 8.523 11.341 18.269 23.212 23.050 25,0 33,1 61,1 27,1 (0,7) 5.332 6.851 9.111 14.622 18.597 18.473 28,0 33,0 60,5 27,2 (0,7) equity Charter capital Earnings before taxes Earnings after taxes (Source: Vietcombank’s profit and loss statement ) 3.2 The current state of the Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam's effective governance 3.2.1 Overview of governance model innovation at Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam With the aim of clarifying the relationship between bank governance efficiency and business performance, the author proposes to use synthesize and flexibly use methods such as policy analysis method, statistical analysis method combined with 14 graph, table to display Vietcombank's performance data and input it into the IMF's FSIs (Financial Soundness Indicators) model Vietcombank's statistics belong to two periods that are the period before 2018, namely 2015, 2016 and 2017 Vietcombank uses the old governance model (The centralized governance model applies a part of governance principles according to international practices, mainly Basel I), the following model is called Model and the second phase is from 2018 to present, specifically in the analysis year 2018, 2019 and 2020 Vietcombank innovates its governance model in accordance with Basel II standards of the Basel Accord and the OECD governance principles as well as the following international practices is known as Model 3.2.2 Current status of effective governance and improving governance efficiency of Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam 3.2.2.1 Current status of governance efficiency (Group of indicators reflecting business efficiency) Evaluation of governance efficiency through the IMF's FSIs: a) Capital adequacy Table 3.4 Vietcombank's minimum capital adequacy ratio CAR for the period 2015-2020 Unit: % Target/Year CAR Model Model 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 11,04 11,13 11,63 12,14 9,34 9,56 (Source: Vietcombank's annual report over the years) Vietcombank uses the CAR calculation technique in accordance with Basel II for the 2018-2020 period: Vietcombank has built a program to calculate the monthly capital adequacy ratio automatically In addition, Vietcombank has issued Regulations on capital adequacy ratio and operating process of CAR calculation program according to Circular 41 Total risky assets are estimated on all three levels of credit risk, operational risk, and market risk in a capital structure that comprises Tier and Tier capital 15 b) Asset quality Chart 3.8 Non-Performing Loan and Outstanding debt of Vietcombank in the period of 2015-2020 Unit: Billion VND 16515 14343 10991 10005 8348 7137 2015 6922 2016 6209 2017 NỢ QUÁ HẠN 6223 2018 5804 2019 8024 5230 2020 NỢ XẤU (Source: Vietcombank's annual report for years and the author's calculations) Vietcombank always focuses on risk management even during a period of strong economic development, which is the right strategy to help Vietcombank successfully control credit quality during difficult times As a result, the non-performing loan ratio has steadily declined over time, from 1.5 percent in 2016 to 1.11 percent in 2017, 0.97 percent in 2018, 0.77 percent in 2019, and only 0.62 percent in 2020 16 c) Income and profits Table 3.5 Indicators reflecting the bank's business performance period 2015-2020 Unit: % Target/Year Net Interest Model Model Model Model 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 15/14 16/15 17/16 18/17 19/18 20/19 2,58 2,63 2,66 2,94 3,10 3,11 0,02 0,05 0,03 0,28 0,16 0,01 12,3 14,69 18,09 25,49 25,99 21,11 1,12 2,39 3,9 7,4 0,5 (4,88) 0,85 0,94 1,00 1,39 1,62 1,45 0,07 0,09 0,06 0,39 0,23 0,17 Margin (NIM) Return On Equity (ROE) Return on Assets (ROA) (Source: Vietcombank's annual report over the years) The return on assets of Vietcombank tended to increase steadily throughout the period 2015-2019 In 2019, ROE reached the highest peak in the period, up to 25.99%, a pretty good ratio and one of the market leaders Like ROE, Vietcombank's ROA tends to increase gradually over the years and is always above 1%, showing that the bank's asset utilization efficiency is getting better and better Vietcombank's profit margin (NIM) over the past years has always been at a stable growth rate of over 2% In 2019, Vietcombank's NIM was at 3.1%, which is average compared to other banks in the system, but higher than BIDV (2.6%) and Vietinbank (2.9%) 17 d) Liquidity Table 3.6 Several liquidity metrics for Vietcombank for the period 2015-2020 Unit: VND billion, % Target/Year Model 2015 2016 Model 2017 2018 2019 2020 Assets with high liquidity (billions dong) Cash gold 5.519 4.316 5.115 4.529 13.778 15.095 Deposits at the 2.563 2.753 4.466 5.577 34.405 33.010 185.713 172.306 300.030 212.589 156.891 143.374 - - State Bank of Vietnam Types of assets used in transactions of the State Bank Demand deposit at correspondent banks Demand deposit at 43.679 46.261 43.191 21.160 40.195 45.091 Total liquid assets 205.126 225.636 352.802 243.855 245.269 236.570 Liabilities 629.222 739.790 982.735 1.011.847 1.141.859 1.232.135 other credit institutions Liquidity reserve 32,6% 30,5% 35,9% 24,1% 22% 19,2% 76,74% 76,71% 76,74% 77,68% 78,05% 80,23% ratio(%) Ratio of Credit balance/Capital mobilization (Source: Vietcombank's annual report and author's calculations) 18 According to the State Bank's Circular 36/2014, Vietcombank's liquidity is constantly abundant, fully covering customers' financial obligations at a rate of over 20%, far exceeding the state's standard of only 10% 3.2.2.2 Situation of improving governance efficiency of Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam a) Group of indicators reflecting the effectiveness of governance innovation at Vietcombank Table 3.7 Some indications of Vietcombank's governance innovation effectiveness Objectively Verifiable Indicators Meeting time month, Before After reforming reforming the the management management mode model Savings % reduction compared to before the innovation of the governance model Absolute % 17,5 10,0 7,5 57,14 39,0 33,9 5,1 13,07 3,4 1,2 2,2 64.7 Hours Operating expenses as a percentage of total income, % Percentage of slow or wrong decisions decision of the Executive Board, % Source: The author conducted research and calculations at Vietcombank Regarding the frequency of meetings of the Board of Directors, Vietcombank conducts an average of meetings per month and an average of to 10 members of the Board of Directors attend the meeting Thus, according to the content of the survey, on a number of indicators reflecting the effectiveness of governance innovation such as the ratio of reducing meeting time, the ratio of reducing the bank's operational management costs to total income in year Vietcombank's monthly meeting at two points before and 19 after the governance model innovation, we see that the governance efficiency has improved, the time spent in meetings has decreased from 17.5 hours to 10 hours in a month, a reduction 57.14%; the ratio of administrative expenses to total income of the bank in month decreased by 13.07% b) Correlation index between management efficiency and business performance of Vietcombank Table 3.8 Correlation index between Vietcombank's governance efficiency and business performance for the period 2015-2020 Unit: % Year T2 (Governance innovation T1 (ROE growth rate) K rate) 2015 1,04 1,12 0,93 2016 2,03 2,39 0,85 2017 3,00 3,90 0,77 2018 4,88 7,40 0,66 2019 0,29 0,50 0,58 2020 (2,64) (4,88) 0,54 Source:The author conducted research and calculations at Vietcombank The correlation coefficient K tends to decrease over the years, indicating a link between Vietcombank's governance efficiency and its commercial performance It shows that the pace of efficiency is outpacing the rate of innovation growth The new value is appropriate and extremely effective for the bank, implying that the more innovative the bank's governance model is, the more successful it will be, while also improving the business performance of the bank 20 c) Criteria for evaluating Vietcombank's management procedures in accordance with international principles and standards (BGRI Index) Table 3.9 Vietcombank's BGRI governance score framework Criteria Number of Maximum Model Model questions mark CGI Shareholders and General Meeting of Shareholders 18 37 31 35 Board of Directors 19 34 32 33 Board of Supervisor 8 8 Publicity, transparency and auditability 12 21 18 18 Transgress 0 Total mark CGI 57 100 89 94 16 16 13 16 72.34 78 BRI Risk management BGRI BGRI mark (Source: Author's construction and calculation) Based on an examination of Vietcombank's annual report on shareholders and the General Meeting of Shareholders throughout the years, the majority of the announcements linked to shareholders and the general meeting of shareholders in both the Model and Model stages are fully compliant The rights of shareholders, the operation of the Board of Supervisor and the public transparency are all specified in the charter of Vietcombank's organization and operation However, in the Model phase, the overall score of the CGI index is higher than that of the Model 1, increasing by points from 89 points to 94 points, demonstrating that Vietcombank has steadily adopted the provisions of International Practices in banking management operations 21 3.3.3 Assessing the Vietcombank's governance efficiency In the general assessment, Vietcombank had several obstacles and hurdles when attempting to comply with international banking governance standards, principles and practices Indeed, Vietcombank's governance has the following limitations: − There are still several shortcomings in the model of governance, organization, and management approach − Internal governance concerns have received insufficient attention − The ability and qualifications of the workforce not yet meet the requirements of technological criteria − Vietcombank's technology has been innovative, however it still falls short of meeting managerial operations in accordance with international standards − Inspection, supervision and control activities are not really effective CHAPTER HIGH EFFICIENCY SOLUTIONS FOR MANAGEMENT OF JOINT STOCK COMMERCIAL BANK FOR FOREIGN TRADE OF VIETNAM IN THE CONCEPT OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION 4.1 The concept of international economic integration and its affects on the development of Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam It can say that the situation of the world and the region have changed fastly and deeply with the advantages and disadvantages interleavingly From then to 2030, the business activities of banking system will be dominated by the positives and the affects of the disadvantages of the international economic intergration The representatives such as the commercial conflicts of big nations will be continued, the risks of the international moneytary and finance, the fluctuating prices of basic goods 4.2 Orientation for development of Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam to 2030 4.2.1 Orientation to improve governance efficiency of Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam 22 − Further enhance the competitiveness as well as increase transparency and comply with international standards and practices in the bank's governance and operations − Apply banking governance at the greatest level according to Basel II and Basel III − Management of restructuring operations is to raise the percentage of revenue from non-credit service activities in the bank’s overall revenue, while keeping bad debt below 1% − Promote credit management to aid in the efficient allocation of credit capital to meet socioeconomic development needs as well as develop "green credit", "green bank" to contribute to economic transformation towards green growth − Continue to modernize the technology system, expand the use of information technology in administration, management, and operations, and invest in technology security solutions 4.2.2 Predictions of the governance efficiency of joint stock commercial banks for Foreign Trade of Vietnam − Total asset value increases approximately 13-14%/year − Mobilized capital is growing at a rate of roughly 21-22%/year − Lower the bad debt proportion at less than 1% − Return on assets (ROA) is nearly 0.3-0.4% − Return on equity (ROE) is around 5-6% − Basically complete digital management − Continue to reduce meeting time by 1/3 − Minimize wrong decisions and bring it to 0% 4.3 Solutions to improve management efficiency of Vietcombank Solution 1: Completing the apparatus and operating mechanism of the Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam − Finalizing the Board of Directors' and Executive Board's organizational structures 23 − Develop regulations for management and executive positions, including requirements and standards − Develop standards for job titles − Completing the organization model based on International Practices 4.3.1 Solution 2: Developing high-quality human resources a) Development of management human resources − Raising awareness of leaders on banking governance − Enhancing international operations' professionalism − Professional human resource development − Attempting to keep 100% professional staff members up to speed on professional knowledge, legal information, and bank operations − Creating a new internal document management system for the company and its employees − Effective management of human resource according to international practices − Establishing and positioning a reputable and strong employer brand − Increasing both the amount and quality of the workforce, with a concentration on salespeople, to optimize the value and efficiency of human resources through staffing, arrangement, and redeployment − Based on KPIs to evaluate the performance of employees and enhance the work management quality − Developing culture of corporation − Put an emphasis on training and to encourage scientific technology, innovation, and technology application in banking 4.3.2 Solution 3: Digitalization and modernization of management and administration − Changing the pioneering leadership, managers, bank leaders' mindsets and perceptions, as well as a synchronous and consistent implementation of developing the plan of digitalization − Following the bank's overall development plan while also conducting an internal assessment of the bank's technology capabilities 24 − Balancing the budget for applying digital technology − Guaranteeing the safety and security of online banking transactions by complying with the State Bank's regulations and guidances; provide specific scenarios, processes, and instructions for dealing with online fraud situations 4.3.3 Solution 4: Expanding international cooperation − Striving to host in-depth meetings and exchange partners every year − Developing a market expansion plan and increasing market share in cooperative nations − To comprehend growth trends, identify additional partners, commercial possibilities, and share experiences with other partners, Vietcombank must actively engage in domestic and international economic and business forums and conferences − Promoting the visibility of Vietcombank's banking business in the area and throughout the world − Capturing data on multinational firms' and enterprises' increased investment in Vietnam would help the financial industry grow by attracting quality capital and advanced technologies 4.4 Implications From the research results, the author reveals several recommendations to improve the governance capacity of commercial banks in Vietnam 4.4.1 Recommendations for the Government − As a matter of urgency, it is vital to strengthen the judicial system Furthermore, the government is always working to build a favorable legal environment in order to boost production and business, as well as a robust legal corridor in which all economic sectors may feel safe investing capital − Orienting a number of State agencies to coordinate in building governance standards, especially those on banking governance − Proposing to develop the Law on Supervision, the Law on Deposit Insurance in sync with the Law on the State Bank of Vietnam, the Law on Credit Institutions, the Law on Securities Business, the Law on Insurance Business so that the actions of 25 supervision are carried out in accordance with the legislation, while also monitoring the performance of financial institutions 4.4.2 Recommendations to the State Bank − Understanding current banking operations and services in a timely manner, and utilizing new technology to monitor commercial banks in two ways: on-site inspection and remote monitoring − Improve infrastructure, techniques and develop information technology systems − Orientation and assistance to help commercial banks strengthen their managerial capability − Strengthening research and assessment of the applicability of Basel II and III banking governance regulations, as well as International Practices in general CONCLUSION The author has achieved the set objectives of the research Firstly, the thesis established a theoretical foundation for the thesis' investigation Secondly, the thesis evaluated the present effective state of Vietnam Foreign Trade Joint Stock Commercial Banks, particularly in light of the changing environment, highlighting the causes of Vietcombank's low governance efficiency Thirdly, the thesis examined the issues raised by the growth of Vietnam's economy and banking system between 2021 and 2030, as well as their impact on Vietcombank, and recommended four sets of remedies to improve bank governance efficiency There is a possibility of improving the governance efficiency of Vietcombank However, to achieve that, the bank's leaders must have a strong desire to grow and develop a customer-friendly culture; constantly improve and innovate the governance model in accordance with international practices; moreover, strengthen predictions, particularly estimating market risks and fluctuations, as well as constantly expand cooperation