TÓM TẮT NHỮNG ĐÓNG GÓP MỚI CỦA LUẬN ÁN Luận án là công trình nghiên cứu một cách hệ thống, toàn diện về quản lý các di tích QGĐB ở tỉnh Quảng Trị, đã có những đóng góp mới cụ thể như sau: - Ở phần nghiên cứu cơ sở lý luận của đề tài, NCS đã đưa ra khái niệm về “di tích cách mạng - kháng chiến” và quan điểm cá nhân về “quản lý di tích QGĐB”. Đồng thời, NCS đã dựa vào lý thuyết hệ thống để xây dựng khung lý thuyết của luận án và trên cơ sở đó xây dựng nội dung quản lý của các chủ thể quản lý trực tiếp và gián tiếp. Trong đó có 05 nội dung của chủ thể quản lý gián tiếp và 04 nội dung của chủ thể quản lý trực tiếp áp dụng cho phân tích công tác quản lý di tích QGĐB ở tỉnh Quảng Trị. - NCS đánh giá toàn diện về các di tích QGĐB ở tỉnh Quảng Trị trong đó đi sâu vào các giá trị đặc biệt tiêu biểu của các di tích. - Trên cơ sở lý thuyết hệ thống khảo sát phân tích hiệu quả quản lý của chủ thể quản lý gián tiếp và chủ thể quản lý trực tiếp, trong đó có trích dẫn các số liệu, xây dựng các sơ đồ, biểu đồ, bảng biểu, phân tích số liệu, tư liệu phỏng vấn sâu trong thời gian nghiên cứu để làm rõ kết quả hoạt động của các chủ thể quản lý di tích QGĐB ở tỉnh Quảng Trị. - Chỉ ra được những ưu điểm cũng như hạn chế của các chủ thể quản lý trong quá trình quản lý di tích QGĐB. - Đề xuất được 08 nhóm giải pháp nhằm nâng cao hiệu quả quản lý di tích QGĐB ở tỉnh Quảng Trị.
MINISTRY OF CULTURE, SPORTS AND TOURISM MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HANOI UNIVERSITY OF CULTURE ******** DUONG THI VAN ANH MANAGEMENT OF SPECIAL NATIONAL HISTORICAL RELICS IN QUANG TRI PROVINCE Major: Cultural Management Code: 9319042 DOCTORAL DISSERTATION SUMMARY ON CULTURAL MANAGEMENT HANOI, 2022 The dissertation was completed at: HA NOI UNIVERSITY OF CULTURE MINISTRY OF CULTURE, SPORTS AND TOURISM Scientific Supervisors: Assoc Prof Dr Trinh Thi Minh Duc Dr Le Thi Thu Ha Reviewer 1: Assoc Prof Dr Truong Quoc Binh Vietnam National Institute Of Culture and Arts Studies Reviewer 2: Dr Nguyen Minh Khang Ministry of Culture, Sports and Toursim Reviewer 3: Assoc Prof Dr Nguyen Toan Thang Ho Chi Minh National Academy Of Politics The dissertation will be defended at University level Doctoral Dissertation Assessment Committee at Ha Noi University of Culture 418 La Thanh street, Dong Da, Ha Noi On:… , day… month … , 2022 The dissertation can be found at: - The National Library of Viet Nam - Library of Ha Noi University of Culture INTRODUCTION Reasons for choosing the topic Quang Tri Province used to be a famous locality in the history of our nation's resistance to unify the country in the 20th century It is the landmark in our history of division and unification, severity and heroic deeds, etc It symbolizes Vietnamese people’s high spirit, strong will, endurance, creativity during the severe war That heroic historical journey formed the venues that today have become historical relics - special physical evidence marking our history, deeds, bravery, and persistence With these meanings and values, many relic sites have been ranked as special national historic relics Regarding the special and unique values of special national historic relics in Quang Tri province, the major concern is how to preserve and promote the values of the special national historic relics in the most effective way to conserve them while meeting the public's demand for enjoying cultural heritage and contributing to the socioeconomic development of Quang Tri province In the past years, the management of special national historic relics has received much attention and investment A number of changes have been conducted to contribute to meeting the community's demand for historical and traditional education However, there have been a lot of limitations in the management of historical relics The assignment of management agencies has not caught up with the updated requirements of management, the stakeholders’ roles of stakeholders have not really been properly assessed, conservation and restoration activities have not met the requirements, etc Therefore, systematic and synchronous solutions are required to improve the efficiency of conservation and promotion of the historical relics’ values Up to now, there has not been specialized scientific work delivering an in-depth and comprehensive study on the management of the special national historical relics in Quang Tri province It is required to consider the management apparatus of the special national historical relics as a unified system consisting of multiple different sub-systems, analyzing and evaluating those sub-systems to clarify the advantages and limitations in the management activities Besides, based on the study of these situations, it is also required to urgently propose solutions to improve the efficiency of the management of the special national historical relics Considering the current situation and urgency of the issue to be studied, based on scientific knowledge, practice, and conclusions of previous scientific works, the research student selected the topic of "Management of special national historical relics in Quang Tri province" as the research content for the thesis Research purposes and tasks 2.1 Research purposes Using the systematic theory of the study of cultural heritage management, based on the status of conservation and promotion of the values of the special national historical relics in Quang Tri province when since they were recognized as special national historical relics until the end of 2021, the thesis focused on an in-depth survey to analyze and assess the operational status of two sub-systems delivering macromanagement and micromanagement regarding the special national historical relics in Quang Tri province, and propose some specific solutions to contribute to improving the efficiency of the management activities in the near future 2.2 Research tasks To achieve the above research purpose, the thesis focuses on completing the following specific tasks: + Delivering an overall evaluation of previous research to come up with gaps that need further research + Researching and analyzing the theoretical basis and theories applied for the thesis topic + Providing a brief introduction of typical values of the special national historical relics whose management activities require further research + Conducting a survey and analysis of the current status of the management of the special national historical relics to clarify the advantages and limitations of the management activities + Proposing a number of solutions to improve the efficiency of the current management of the special national historical relics in Quang Tri province 3 Subjects and scope of research 3.1 Research subjects The management of the special national historical relics in Quang Tri province 3.2 Scope of research - Research period: Surveying the management of the special national historical relics in Quang Tri province since these historical relics were classified as special national ones until now - Research sites: 03 relic sites including: Hien Luong Bridge - Ben Hai River (Vinh Linh District and Gio Linh District); Vinh Moc Tunnel and Vinh Linh Tunnel (Vinh Linh District) and Quang Tri Citadel and the venues commemorating the event lasting 81 days in 1972 (Quang Tri Town) - Research contents: Using the systematic theory to develop an analytical framework and contents for managing special national historical relics in Quang Tri province, the research student focused on assessing the current status of the management for the three historical relics mentioned above to fulfill the research purposes Although there are four national relic sites in Quang Trị Province, the thesis did not cover the sites which are located in Truong Son Highway - Ho Chi Minh Highway in Quang Tri province and directly managed by the 12th Army Corps under the Ministry of National Defense The management agency of these sites is not included in the system to be researched Therefore, in order to solve the problems to be researched in the thesis, the student only focused on the national relic sites as mentioned above Research methods To fulfill the research tasks, the thesis adopted the following specific methods: - Methods of analysis, synthesis, statistics, and classification - Interdisciplinary approach - Methods of conducting site surveys at relics sites and management agencies to collect available information, data, reports, plans, projects, etc - Methods of sociological research - Professional solution - Modeling method - Comparator method Research questions and hypotheses 5.1 Research questions Based on the systematic theory selected for the thesis, the student came up with the following specific research questions: 1/ How are the specific functions and tasks of the sub-systems in charge of managing the special national historical relics in Quang Tri province determined? Has the assignment of functions and tasks fully worked yet? 2/ Has the analysis and assessment of the current status of the management system of the special national historical relics in Quang Tri Province shown that the performance of the sub-systems has affected the overall efficiency of the whole system and how? 3/ What are the specific limitations revealed in the management process to be analyzed and what solutions should be taken to improve the efficiency of the management of the special national historical relics in Quang Tri Province? 5.2 Scientific hypothesis The management system of the special national historical relics in Quang Tri province consists of a macromanagement sub-system and a micromanagement one These sub-systems have been operating according to the decentralization of functions and tasks as prescribed by laws However, the current operations have revealed many limitations which have affected the overall performance of the whole system It has raised a major concern that effective solutions to improve the efficiency of the management of the special national historical relics in the future Contributions and new findings of the thesis In terms of science, the thesis is the first work to systematically study the management of the special national historical relics in Quang Tri province and to initially propose some solutions to improve the management efficiency Besides, the application of the systematic theory in preparing the thesis brings a new perspective on the current management of the historical relics The results of the thesis can become a reference for the people in charge of managing cultural heritage, historical and cultural relics, and the institutions providing training on cultural heritage management In terms of practice, the thesis has delivered both an overview and details on the achievements and limitations of the management of the special national historical relics in Quang Tri Province since they were recognized until now The results of this work will help the people in charge of managing these historical relics comprehensively understand what they have done and identify the problems that need to be addressed in the management of monuments in the near future The objective scientific judgments concluded from the research results of the thesis and the solutions to improve the efficiency of the management activities are a highly practical reference source for the management agencies of all levels in performing the task of managing the national historical relics in Quang Tri Province Thesis structure In addition to the introduction, conclusion, list of references and appendices, the thesis is divided into chapters as follows: - Chapter 1: Overview of the research situation, the theoretical basis for the management of the special national historical relics, and the special national historical relics in Quang Tri Province - Chapter 2: Current status of the management of the special national historical relics in Quang Tri province - Chapter 3: Solutions to improve the efficiency of the management of the special national historical relics in the future Chapter OVERVIEW OF THE RESEARCH SITUATION, THE THEORETICAL BASIS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF THE SPECIAL NATIONAL HISTORICAL RELICS, THE MANAGEMENT OF THE SPECIAL NATIONAL HISTORICAL RELICS IN QUANG TRI PROVINCE 1.1 Overview on the research situation 1.1.1 Research works on management of historical - cultural relics Since the nineteenth century, cultural heritage management has been mentioned in the world stage by researchers like Peter Howard with Heritage: Management, Interpretation, Identity and Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention, Zhan Chang Yuan with Cultural Industry Management Textbook, Arthur Perdersen with A Practical Manual for World Heritage Site Managers, Author Luu Tran Tieu with the article titled “Some issues on restoration and preservation of cultural and historical relics”, Author Nguyen The Hung with the ministrylevel scientific research titled “Protecting cultural heritage in the process of socio-economic development and international integration”, Author Phan Hong Giang and Bui Hoai Son (co-editor) with the book named Vietnamese culture management in the process of innovation and international integration, Author Le Hong Ly with Cultural Heritage Management with Tourism Development, Author Pham Thi Thu Huong with Brief history of cultural management in Vietnam, Cultural Heritage Management Textbook mainly used by lecturers and students majoring in cultural management, Author Pham Thi Thu Huong with the research on the current situation and solutions to conserve cultural heritage in the areas undergoing industrialization and urbanization in the Red River Delta, Author Tran Duc Nguyen with the doctoral thesis titled “Management of historical and cultural relics in Bac Ninh Province in the process of industrialization – urbanization”, Author Nguyen Ba Linh (2018) with the doctoral thesis titled "Management of the Citadel of Ho Dynasty in Vinh Loc district, Thanh Hoa province", and Author Ha Thuy Mai with the doctoral thesis titled "Management of ATK revolutionary historical relic" 1.1.2 Research works on special national historical relics in Quang Tri Province 1.1.2.1 Works on Quang Tri Citadel Quang Tri Citadel, the administrative and political center of Quang Tri Province, was previously recorded by the National historiographers of the Nguyen Dynasty in Dai Nam Thuc Luc; Dai Nam Nhat Thong Chi; Kham Dinh Dai Nam Hoi Dien Su Le; Dong Khanh Du Dia Chi; “Quang Tri Citadel in the national history” by Author Nguyen Binh (a doctoral thesis majoring in Vietnamese history, 2003); "Ly So - the administrative center of Quang Tri Province during the Nguyen Dynasty and the French colonial period" in the book titled "20 years of Quang Tri Museum" (2009) of Author Le Duc Tho It was also mentioned in the books written about the campaign for the liberation of Quang Tri Province and Thua Thien Hue Province in 1972 and the 81 day battle to prevent re-occupation and protect the Citadel and Quang Tri town like "Quang Tri Province in 1972” (Author Van Nhi, Department of Culture and Information of Binh - Tri - Thien Province, 1982); “The strategic offensive direction the campaign for the liberation of Quang Tri Province and Thua Thien Hue Province in 1972” (Institute for Military History of Vietnam, 1985); "Summarizing the battle to defend Quang Tri Citadel in 1972" (Institute for Military History of Vietnam - People's Army Publishing House, Hanoi, 2006); etc 1.1.2.2 Works on Hien Luong Bridge - Ben Hai River “The Truth about the Vietnam War” by Tuong Huu (Ho Chi Minh City, 2004); “Trung Gia Military Conference and Geneva Agreement 1954 on Vietnam” by Luu Van Loi (Hanoi, 2012); the books and articles about the struggle for the unification of the areas divided by Ben Hai River such as: the second volume of “History of the resistance war against the US during 1954-1975” (Ministry of National Defense - Institute for Military History of Vietnam, National Political Publishing House of Vietnam, Hanoi, 1996); “The mysteries of Vinh Linh Demilitarized Zone” by Dao Truong San (Writers' Association Publishing House, Hanoi, 2010); “History of the promising land” by Vu Ky Lan and Nguyen Sinh (Hanoi, 1978); etc 1.1.2.3 Works on Vinh Moc Tunnels and Vinh Linh Tunnel Village System The works on Vinh Moc Tunnels and Vinh Linh Tunnel Village System include the master thesis titled "The tunnel village system in Vinh Linh District in the resistance war against the US (1965 - 1973)” by Tran Thi Thanh Tam (2010), the provincial scientific project titled “Investigation, survey, and evaluation of Vinh Linh tunnel system" in 1999 – 2000 by the Management Board of Quang Tri historical relics (now known as the Management Board of Historical Relics), etc 1.1.3 Works on the management of the special national historical relics in Quang Tri Province From 1999 to 2000, the Management Board of Quang Tri historical relics (now known as the Management Board of Historical Relics) carried out the provincial scientific project titled "Investigation, survey and evaluation of Vinh Linh tunnel village system" which was published in the book titled "History of the culture and information industry in Quang Tri province" (1945 - 2000) In 2004, the Department of Culture and Information of Quang Tri Province held a scientific conference on "Vinh Linh tunnel village system" In 2011, the Military Command of Quang Tri Province held a scientific conference on "Vinh Linh tunnel village system, a unique creation of Vietnamese people during the war 1.1.4 Document overview With the overview of the documents and research works related to the thesis, the researcher came up with some initial comments as follows: - The research works on management of historical relics in general by domestic and foreign authors refer to the introduction of management of cultural heritage in general and historical relics in particular The researchers refer to management activities in many different aspects - The works on special national historical relics in Quang Tri Province are categorized at various levels, from primary levels like reports, relic site profiles, the history of communes and districts in Quang Tri province, memoirs, etc to higher levels like articles in specialized journals, master theses, doctoral theses, central and local scientific conferences, etc The number of research works on management of special national historical relics in Quang Tri province has been quite limited The management activities have been mentioned in just a few related articles or relic site profiles There have been some articles referring to the current status of the historical relics and proposing conservation directions, but these works still show limitations without delivering a comprehensive assessment of the current management of the special national historical relics Based on the systematic theory, the research student will establish a specific analytical framework to fulfill the gaps left by the previous researchers In particular, the student will establish a system of various management entities from central to local levels with specific functions and tasks in accordance with the laws, thereby highlighting achievements and limitations of each management sub-system included in the system and identifying the weaknesses of the management system of the national historical relics 1.2 Theoretical basis for managing special national historical relics 1.2.1 Basic concepts * Cultural heritage * Historical sites * Historical relics of revolution - resistance war * Special National Historical Relics * Management * Management of historical and cultural relics 1.2.2 Systematic theory of cultural heritage management Based on the systematic theory applied for analyzing cultural heritage management issues, the cultural heritage management is divided into the macro-management system and the micro-management system as follows: 11 * Values of the historical relics 1.4.2.2 Hien Luong Bridge – Ben Hai River * History and formation of the historical relics * Current status of the historical relics * Values of the historical relics 1.4.1.3 Vinh Moc Tunnel and Vinh Linh Tunnel Village System * History and formation of the historical relics * Current status of the historical relics * Values of the historical relics 1.3.5 Features of the special national historical relics in Quang Tri Province * The special national historical relics in Quang Tri Province are categorized in the group of monuments commemorating historical events in the pre-modern period * All of the special national historical relics in Quang Tri Province are of large scales with complex natural topography and located right in residential areas * The special national historical relics in Quang Tri Province have been damaged over time, some relic sites have nothing left except ruins Subconclusion Chapter of the thesis delivered an overview of the research works done by Vietnamese and foreign scholars on the management of tangible cultural heritage in general and special national historical relics in Quang Tri Province in particular It can be seen that the previous studies mainly focused on introducing and determining the values of the historical relics based on the perspectives on the important historical events taking place at the relic sites; otherwise, they approached just a few management activities through relic site profiles Therefore, it can be shown that there has not been any research bringing a comprehensive systematic view on managing historical relics in Quang Tri Province in general and special national historical relics in particular The thesis gathered and analyzed a number of concepts related to the topic like historical relics, management of historical relics, types of historical relics These concepts act as a reference base for the contents of the thesis To clarify the issues raised by the thesis, the research student applied a systematic theoretical framework, built an analytical framework to conduct research on the management of historical relics, recognized historical relics as the objects of management activities in need of 12 appropriate measures to preserve and promote for the local socio-economic development and the needs of the community The thesis has provided the overviews of the three special national historical relics in Quang Tri province including the physical features and the typical values of each relic site The special national historical relics are proofs of a fierce historical period of Quang Tri province, carrying profound historical, cultural, scientific, and humanistic values, symbolizing the radical revolutionary spirit of the people of Quang Tri province during the fight for national defense Hien Luong Bridge - Ben Hai River is the most vivid expression of the Vietnamese people's aspiration to "unify the country", and the cultural event named "Unification Day" held annually at the relic site has become a symbol of culture and peace Vinh Moc Tunnel, which used to be an underground village during the war, is a symbol of Vietnamese people’s resilience and creativity in continuing to live and fight underground for a long time for the purposes of defeating the US’s strategy of "Vietnamization of war" in the war of aggression in Vietnam, facilitating Vietnamese to achieve victory in other battles, expanding the liberated area in 1972, and make practical preparations for the master offensive to completely liberate the South of Vietnam in the spring of 1975 The special national historical relics in Quang Tri Province are categorized in the group of monuments commemorating historical events in the pre-modern period All of them are of large scales with complex natural topography and are located right in residential areas Most of them have been damaged over time, some relic sites have nothing left except ruins Chapter THE CURRENT SITUATION OF THE MANAGEMENT OF THE SPECIAL NATIONAL HISTORICAL RELICS IN QUANG TRI PROVINCE 2.1 System of agencies managing the special national historical relics in Quang Tri province and human resources for the management of the special national historical relics 2.1.1 Agencies managing the special national historical relics in Quang Tri province 2.1.1.1 Agencies performing indirect management The system of agencies managing the special national historical relics in Quang Tri province is shown in the following diagram 13 Provincial People's Committees District People's Committee Department of Culture, Sports and Tourism Provincial departments and agencies Provincial Museum and Monument Management Center Hien Luong Monument management board Vinh Moc Monument management board Thanh Co Monument management board Vinh Moc Monument management board Explanation department Office department Security department Hien Luong relics Vinh Moc relics Thanh Co relics State management at the subordinate level in the apparatus Coordination relationship Acting on the two-way function governing principle Figure 2.1 System of agencies managing the special national historical relics in Quang Tri province Source: prepared by the author in September 2019 14 2.1.1.2 Agencies performing indirect management - Relics management center and Quang Tri province museum - Management Boards of the special national historical relics 2.1.1.3 Agencies providing support and cooperation in managing historical relics - Departments, committees, and branches at the provincial level - People's Committees of districts and towns where the historical relics are located 2.1.2 Coordination mechanism serving the management of the special national historical relics in Quang Tri province + The internal coordination mechanism within each sub-system, the coordination between the macro-management system and indirect management agencies, and coordination between the micro-management system and direct management agencies are based on "administrative orders" + The coordination mechanism between the two sub-systems, the coordination between direct and indirect management agencies and relevant parties follow the principle of equality and "mutual support" 2.1.3 Human Resources * Staff of the Department of Culture, Sports and Tourism of Quang Tri province * Staff of the relics management center and Quang Tri province museum 2.2 Current situation of the management of the special national historical relics in Quang Tri province 2.2.1 Organization and management of special national historical relics from the perspective of the macro-management system including local management agencies 2.2.1.1 Organizing the implementation of the State’s documents and promulgating legal documents on special national historical relics in Quang Tri province 2.2.1.2 Deciding on the establishment of organizations and empowering the organizations to perform specific functions and tasks 15 * Organizing the management apparatus in the special national historical relics * Assigning functions and tasks 2.2.1.3 Preparing plannings, plans, and projects to preserve historical relics * Developing a relic conservation planning * Developing plans to preserve the special national historical relics * Developing and implementing projects to preserve the special national historical relics 2.2.1.4 Mobilizing, managing, and using resources to preserve and promote the value of the special national historical relics 2.2.1.5 Organizing inspection and examination of compliance with laws, settling complaints about special national historical relics 2.2.2 Organization and management of special national historical relics from the perspective of the macro-management system including the relics management center and Quang Tri province museum 2.2.2.1 Developing projects and plans to preserve and promote the values of the special national historical relics and organizing the implementation of the approved plans and projects 2.2.2.2 Organizing professional activities to perform the management of special national historical relics 2.2.2.3 Coordinating to advise the Department of Culture, Sports and Tourism to deliver state management regarding the special national historical relics 2.2.2.4 Advising and proposing to the Department of Culture, Sports and Tourism of Quang Tri Province solutions to promote the socialization of relic conservation activities to maximize the mobilization of social resources serving the construction and protection of the relics 2.3 General assessment 2.3.1 Strength Based on the research, approach, and actual survey on the management of the special national historical relics in Quang Tri province according to the systematic theoretical analysis framework, the researcher came up with the following strength and limitations: 16 The local management agencies of the special national historical relics including direct and indirect management agencies have been set up to perform the regulated functions and tasks The state agencies managing the special national historical relics in Quang Tri province operate in a unified and synchronous system These management agencies have partly performed their roles in managing historical relics, contributing to the preservation and promotion of the values of the historical relics over the years Secondly, the management of the special national historical relics performed by the macro-management agencies at the local level including the People's Committee and the Department of Culture, Sports and Tourism of Quang Tri province have accomplished a number of contents according to the functions and tasks of the state management in accordance with the laws In particular, a number of laws and by-law documents have been applied to the management of the special national historical relics Besides, depending on the tasks of managing the special national historical relics specified in each period, appropriate and effective management documents have been issued to contribute to solving the requirements for managing the special national historical relics in Quang Tri province The specialized agencies have been set up and authorized to perform specific functions and tasks The development of plannings, plans, and projects to preserve historical relics has been paid attention and invested in The mobilization of the resources provided by the Central Government, the local government, and private sectors to serve the conservation and embellishment of the national historical relics has been carried out properly and methodically in recent years Thirdly, as the direct management agencies, the relics management center and Quang Tri province museum have performed their roles, functions, and tasks through a number of specific management activities In particular, these agencies have been operating the historical relics as tourist attractions for many years, which has converted the relic sites into potential resources for humanistic tourism, partly contributing to the local socioeconomic development Propaganda and promotion of special national historical relics have been carried out regularly and methodically, 17 contributing to bringing the image of relics to tourists In adition, the work of guiding visitors has been organized methodically and professionally 2.3.2 Limitations and weaknesses found during the survey The organization of the state management agencies in charge of the special national historical relics has just been mostly based on the requirements of historical relics in general without being specified further to meet the specific demands of the special national historical relics A master planning of managing the special national historical relics has not yet been available Specialized documents providing regulations and instructions on managing the special national historical relics have not yet been available It still takes a long time to implement the projects of renovating and maintaining the national historical relics Each stage from the preparation of the application documents, the approval of the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, to the project implementation consumes a lot of time, which leads to the deterioration of the monuments delay in the process of preserving and renovating the monument The mobilization of investment resources for the conservation and promotion of historical relics is still limited The inspection and examination of compliance with laws, settling complaints about special national historical relics have not yet met the requirements The micro-management activities which have been conducted mainly focus on technical perspectives Other activities like coordinating state agencies in managing relics as tourist attractions, training and instructing travel agencies, organizing and providing services for customers have not been done fully and properly Sub-conclusion Chapter of the thesis stated and analyzed the subjects included in the state management system of the special national historical relics in Quang Tri province with two following basic features: 1/ the consistency of the whole system, which is reflected by the internal coordination subject to the roles, functions, and tasks of each subject in compliance with their interrelationship, mutual influence, and mutual dependence 2/ the adaptability of the system to the external environment, the relationships and structures that form the system, reflected in the organizational apparatus, 18 operating mechanism, and state management tasks on managing the special national historical relics in Quang Tri province Based on these features, the thesis clarified the roles and responsibilities of the management agencies at the local level along with relevant parties for managing the special national historical relics which the author has outlined about The thesis presented the result of survey and analysis of the current status of management of the special national historical relics in Quang Tri province based on the management contents performed by the management agencies as follows: 1/ Organizing the implementation of the State Government’s documents and legal documents on special national historical relics in Quang Tri Province; 2/ Making decisions on setting up specialized organizations and authorizing the organizations to perform specific functions and tasks; 3/ Preparing plans and projects on relic conservation; 4/ Mobilizing, managing, and using resources to preserve and promote the values of special national historical relics; 5/ Organizing inspection and examination of compliance with laws, settling complaints about special national historical relics Regarding the micromanagement sub-system of national historical relics, the thesis emphasized the current status of the performance of the following tasks: 1/ Developing projects and plans to preserve and promote the values of the special national historical relics and organizing the implementation of the approved plans and projects; 2/ Organizing professional activities to perform the management of special national historical relics; 3/ Coordinating to advise the Department of Culture, Sports and Tourism to deliver state management regarding the special national historical relics; 4/ Advising and proposing to the Department of Culture, Sports and Tourism of Quang Tri Province solutions to promote the socialization of relic conservation activities to maximize the mobilization of social resources serving the construction and protection of the relics Through the results obtained from the research on the current status of the management of the special national historical relics in Quang Tri province, the author came up with some assessments with advantages and limitations on the issuance of guiding documents, preparing plans and projects to preserve and promote the values of the special national 19 historical relics, inspecting and handling of violations, and conducting direct management activities at the relic sites The analysis and assessment of state management activities at both the macro scale and the micro one led to an objective view on the achievements and the limitations of the management activities that reflect the roles, functions, and tasks of each agency included in the management system of the special national historical relics in Quang Tri province The thesis deeply analyzed the weaknesses in the management of the special national historical relics in Quang Tri province to provide the basis for the Department of Culture, Sports and Tourism to propose solutions to improve the efficiency of the management of the special national historical relics in Quang Tri province in the coming time Chapter SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF THE MANAGEMENT OF THE SPECIAL NATIONAL HISTORICAL RELICS IN QUANG TRI PROVINCE IN THE COMING TIME 3.1 Perspectives and basis for proposing solutions to improve the efficiency of the management of cultural and historical relics 3.1.1 From the management perspective 3.1.1.1 Perspectives on management of special national historical relics aligned with sustainable development 3.1.1.2 Perspectives on preservation and promotion of tangible cultural heritage values associated with those of intangible cultural values 3.1.1.3 Perspectives on preservation and promotion of historical relics associated with the socio-economic development of the locality 3.1.2 Basis for proposing solutions 3.1.2.1 Current social situation of Quang Tri province + Orientation for economic, cultural, and social development in Quang Tri province in the coming time + The development trend of visiting historical relics, a favorable direction for Quang Tri tourism 3.1.2.2 Orientation for management of historical relics in Quang Tri province 20 3.1.3 Experience in managing historical relics of the local authorities in Thua Thien Hue province 3.2 Solutions to improve the efficiency of the management of special national historical relics in Quang Tri province 3.2.1 Raising awareness about the roles of historical relics and the conservation and promotion of the values of historical relics in the development of modern society 3.2.2 Completing the system of legal documents in the management of special national historical relics 3.2.3 Improving the mechanism, management agencies, and the capacity of the agencies’ employees 3.2.4 Focusing on investment in maintenance and restoration of historical relics 3.2.5 Promoting socialization 3.2.6 Promoting the roles of the community in managing, protecting, and promoting the values of special national historical relics 3.2.7 Innovating the promotion of the values of historical relics aligned with tourism development 3.2.8 Enhancing the inspection and examination of compliance with laws on cultural heritage for special national historical relics Sub-conclusion The researcher came up with the following viewpoints: management of special national historical relics should be aligned with sustainable development; preservation and promotion of tangible cultural heritage values should be associated with those of intangible cultural values; preservation and promotion of historical relics should be attached to the socio-economic development of the locality To propose feasible solutions, the researcher based on the following factors: The first one is the current social situation of Quang Tri province, in which the highlight is the local socio-economic development orientation in the near future It is stated in the Resolution of the Party Congress of Quang Tri province for the period of 2020-2025 and many other documents that developing and making tourism into a leading economic sector is the key direction in the coming years, and cultural and historical relics should be the main resources for humanistic tourism In addition, the trend of visiting historical relics has become popular in the tourism industry in Quang Tri province Secondly, it is directed that the conservation and 21 promotion of the values of the special national historical relics act as a premise for enhancing tourism development and serving the spiritual life of the people Apart from the guidelines, policies, and available resources for the special national historical relics in Quang Tri province, the researcher also came up with solutions based on the experience in managing historical relics of the local authorities in Thua Thien Hue province, in which there have been many remarkable achievements, to draw some experience the local authorities in Quang Tri Province can apply Based on the current situation, the perspectives on the management of historical relics, and the basis for proposing solutions; the researcher came up with solutions to improve the efficiency of the management of special national historical relics in Quang Tri province, including: 1) Raising awareness about the roles of historical relics and the conservation and promotion of the values of historical relics in the development of modern society; 2) Completing the system of legal documents in the management of special national historical relics; 3) Improving the mechanism, management agencies, and the capacity of the agencies’ employees; 4) Focusing on investment in maintenance and restoration of historical relics; 5) Promoting socialization; 6) Promoting the roles of the community in managing, protecting, and promoting the values of special national historical relics; 7) Innovating the promotion of the values of historical relics aligned with tourism development; 8) Enhancing the inspection and examination of compliance with laws on cultural heritage for special national historical relics CONCLUSION Based on the results of the research on the management of the special national historical relics in Quang Tri province, the author drew the following conclusions: Based on the investigation and survey at the research sites which are the special national historical relics in Quang Tri province and the published data sources provided by the previous researchers, the thesis focuses on providing the overviews, characteristics, and outstanding values of the three special national historical relics in Quang Tri province Besides, the thesis analyzed the current status of the state management of the historical relics, identified the advantages and limitations of the management since the historical relics were classified as special national 22 historical relics Based on that situation, legal documents, practical context, future development trends, the author has proposed solutions to improve the efficiency of the management of special national historical relics to complete the research purposes mentioned above To study the management of special national historical relics in Quang Tri province, the author has adopted a systematic theory as a basis for research; in which, the management of historical relics is performed by a system which consists of multiple sub-systems The sub-systems have different roles and interact with each other for close connection and a complete consistent system According to the systematic theory to be applied in analyzing the management of special national historical relics in Quang Tri province, the management system is strictly structured from the central to local levels with specific functions, duties, and powers specified by governing laws Considering the scope of impact and specific contents of preservation and promotion of the values of the historical relics, the management agencies can be classified into different levels including the state agencies, the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, the relevant ministries, the Provincial People's Committees, the Provincial Departments of Culture, Sports and Tourism, the direct management boards of the historical relics The management of the special national historical relics in Quang Tri province is performed by a system divided into two subsystems: Macro subsystem including indirect management entities of the government and local levels exercising the State’s functions and tasks in managing relic sites; Micro-system including direct management entities of the local level directly managing human activities that impose direct impacts on the special national historical relics Analyzing and assessing these two subsystems, the thesis completed the tasks set by the thesis topic The State Government plays a leading role in managing the special national historical relics in Quang Tri province, which is reflected in the decentralization of management and activities performed by the state in the conservation and promotion of the values of the historical relics such as: coming up with plannings, plans, and projects for preserving the historical relics; promulgating legal documents to serve the management of the historical relics; organizing the propagation and dissemination of the laws on historical relics; organizing professional activities; mobilizing, managing, and using resources to preserve and promote the values of the historical relics; organizing inspection and examination of compliance with 23 laws, settling complaints about special national historical relics These management activities have shown synchronization and consistency of the management agencies at all levels The researcher has clearly analyzed the management agencies and stakeholders engaged in the management of the special national historical relics in Quang Tri province to clarify the functions and duties of each party as regulated by laws All concerned parties including direct management agencies, local authorities, specialized agencies, etc., have their specific roles in managing the historical relics The thesis focused on studying and analyzing the current status of the management of the special national historical relics in Quang Tri province In particular, the available guidelines and the actual survey done by the researcher have shown that the main management contents are: 1/Organizing the implementation of the State Government’s documents and legal documents on special national historical relics in Quang Tri Province; 2/Making decisions on setting up specialized organizations and authorizing the organizations to perform specific functions and tasks; 3/Preparing plans and projects on relic conservation; 4/Mobilizing, managing, and using resources to preserve and promote the values of special national historical relics; 5/Organizing inspection and examination of compliance with laws, settling complaints about special national historical relics The micromanagement sub-system of national historical relics in charge of delivering direct management includes the Provincial Heritage & Conservation Management Center performing the following tasks: 1/Developing projects and plans to preserve and promote the values of the special national historical relics and organizing the implementation of the approved plans and projects; 2/Organizing professional activities to perform the management of special national historical relics; 3/Coordinating to advise the Department of Culture, Sports and Tourism to deliver state management regarding the special national historical relics; 4/Advising and proposing to the Department of Culture, Sports and Tourism of Quang Tri Province solutions to promote the socialization of relic conservation activities to maximize the mobilization of social resources serving the construction and protection of the relics Therefore, the thesis initially made an assessment of the effieciency of the management of the historical relics with the achievements, limitations, and causes of limitations in the conservation and promotion of the values of the special national historical relics in Quang Tri province The assessment 24 is not only based on the data provided by the management agencies but also the actual progress of the plans, projects, etc done by the management agencies and the objective and honest feedback of the people in charge of directly managing the relic sites Based on the legal documents promulgated by the State Government, the local socio-economic development orientation in the incoming years, and the actual trend of tourism development in the near future, the researcher has proposed groups of solutions to improve the efficiency of the management of the historical relics and to contribute to promoting the conservation and promotion of the values of the special national historical relics in Quang Tri province as follows: raising awareness about the roles of historical relics and the conservation and promotion of the values of historical relics in the development of modern society; completing the system of legal documents in the management of special national historical relics; improving the mechanism, management agencies, and the capacity of the agencies’ employees, focusing on investment in maintenance and restoration of historical relics; promoting socialization; promoting the roles of the community in managing, protecting, and promoting the values of special national historical relics; innovating the promotion of the values of historical relics aligned with tourism development; enhancing the inspection and examination of compliance with laws on cultural heritage for special national historical relics The above solutions have been given based on the practical situation and thorough analysis and research Therefore, if applied, they will contribute to the efficiency of the management of the historical relics and help promote the conservation and promotion of the values of the special national historical relics for sustainable socio-economic development LIST OF THE AUTHOR’S PUBLISHED RESEARCH WORKS RELATED TO DISSERTATION THEME Duong Thi Van Anh (2017), “Promoting the value of Quang Tri Citadel relic and places commemorating the event of 81 days and nights in 1972”, Journal of Cultural Research, No 20, June 2017, p 26-31 Duong Thi Van Anh (2017), “Promoting the value of documents and artifacts in additional display at special national monuments in Quang Tri province”, Journal of Cultural Research, No 22, May December - 2017, p 48-55 ... Quang Tri Province and Thua Thien Hue Province in 1972 and the 81 day battle to prevent re-occupation and protect the Citadel and Quang Tri town like "Quang Tri Province in 1972” (Author Van. .. cultural heritage management is divided into the macro-management system and the micro-management system as follows: + Macro-management system: Management agencies performing state management activities... on an in-depth survey to analyze and assess the operational status of two sub-systems delivering macromanagement and micromanagement regarding the special national historical relics in Quang