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Giáo trình Anh văn chuyên ngành Kế toán (English for accounting) gồm 18 bài với thời lượng 60 tiết được sử dụng làm phương tiện giảng dạy cho giáo viên và học tập cho sinh viên. Giáo trình được sắp xếp theo các chủ đề như: kinh tế, tiền tệ, tài chính - ngân hàng, kiểm toán, marketing và kinh doanh quốc tế. Giáo trình được chia thành 2 phần, phần 1 gồm 9 unit. Mời các bạn cùng tham khảo để biết thêm các nội dung chi tiết.
BỘ GIAO THÔNG VẬN TẢI TRƢỜNG CAO ĐẲNG GIAO THÔNG VẬN TẢI TRUNG ƢƠNG I GIÁO TRÌNH Mơn học: Anh văn chun nghành NGHỀ: KẾ TỐN DOANH NGHIỆP TRÌNH ĐỘ: CAO ĐẲNG Hà nội, 2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS Contents Page Foreword (Lời nói đầu) Unit Marketing economy Unit Microeconomics and macroeconomics Unit Supply and demand 10 Unit Money and its functions 13 Unit Banks and business 17 Unit Marketing, analysis of marketing opportunities 21 Unit Pricing 26 Unit Finance 28 Unit Funding the business 31 Unit 10 Taxation 35 Unit 11 Insurance 38 Unit 12 Management of working capital 43 Unit 13 The foreign exchange market 47 Unit 14 The stock exchange 51 Unit 15 Accounting, the balance sheet 55 Unit 16 The role of auditors 60 Unit 17 Project planning 64 Unit 18 International business 68 Tài liệu tham khảo 74 LỜI NÓI ĐẦU Giáo trình “English for accounting” đƣợc tổ chức biên soạn để giảng dạy cho sinh viên trình độ Cao đẳng nghề Trƣờng Cao đẳng nghề Giao thông vận tải Trung ƣơng I Giáo trình tập hợp đƣợc nhiều kiến thức từ nhiều tài liệu giáo trình gốc tác giả nƣớc Anh, Pháp, Mỹ,… Việc hồn thành giáo trình đáp ứng đƣợc nhu cầu tài liệu học tập sinh viên, giúp sinh viên đọc hiểu, dịch thuật rèn luyện đƣợc kỹ ngôn ngữ lĩnh vực kế tốn, tài chính, ngân hàng Giáo trình “English for accounting” gồm 18 với thời lƣợng 60 tiết đƣợc sử dụng làm phƣơng tiện giảng dạy cho giáo viên học tập cho sinh viên Giáo trình đƣợc xếp theo chủ đề nhƣ: kinh tế, tiền tệ, tài - ngân hàng, kiểm tốn, marketing kinh doanh quốc tế Giáo trình đƣợc hồn thành kết trình lao động nghiêm túc, tập thể tác giả cố gắng xây dựng giáo trình có nội dung thiết thực, gần gũi với nội dung kiến thức đơn giản nhƣng cập nhật phù hợp với qui trình đào tạo chun ngành kế tốn Trƣờng Tuy nhiên thời gian biên soạn hạn chế, nguồn tài liệu chƣa thật dồi lần biên soạn nên giáo trình khơng tránh khỏi cịn nhiều thiếu sót Vì vậy, tập thể tác giả mong nhận đƣợc nhiều ý kiến đóng góp chân thành Thầy, Cơ giáo bạn đọc ngồi Trƣờng để giáo trình đƣợc hồn thiện Xin chân thành cảm ơn! UNIT 1: MARKETING ECONOMY Vocabulary Economy (n) [ikɔʼnəmi:] : kinh tế Marketing economy (n) [ʼma:kitiɡ ikɔʼnəmi:] : kinh tế thị trƣờng Planned economy Investment Production (n) (n) (n) [plænd ikɔʼnəmi] [prəʼdʌkʃən] : kinh kế hoạch hóa : đầu tƣ : sản xuất Producer (n) [prəʼdju:sə] : ngƣời sản xuất Consumers (n) [kənʼsju:mə] : ngƣời tiêu dùng Distribution Goods Services (n) (n) (n) [distriʼbju:ʃn] : phân phối : hàng hóa : dịch vụ Determine Supply Demand Negotiation (v) (n) (n) (n) [diˊtə:min] Mean (n) [mi:n] Private Property Cooperatives Collectives State Socialism Enterprise (adj) (n) (n) (n) (n) (n) (n) [ʹpraivit] Self-management Income Gross Domestic Plus Nation (n) (n) (adj) (adj) (v) (adj) [ self ˊmæniʤmənt] [inʼvestmənt] [ɡʊdz] [ʼsə:visiz] [ʼsəplai] [ʹdima:nd] [niˏɡəʊʃiʹeiʃn] [ʹprɔpəti] [kəʊˊɒpərətiv] [kəˊlekʃn] [ˊsteit] [ˊsouʃəlizəm] [ˊentəpraiz] [ˊinkʌm] [ɡrəʊs] [dəˊmestik] [plʌs] [ˊneiʃn] : xác định : cung : cầu : đàm phán : phƣơng tiện : tƣ nhân : sở hữu : hợp tác xã : tổ chức : nhà nƣớc : chủ nghĩa xã hội : doanh nghiệp : tự quản lý : thu nhập : tổng, toàn : nội địa : cộng : quốc gia Reading 2.1 Marketing economy A market economy is an economy in which decisions regarding investment, production, and distribution are based on supply and demand, and prices of goods and services are determined in a free price system The major defining characteristic of a market economy is that investment decisions and the allocation of producer goods are mainly made by negotiation through markets.[3] This is contrasted with a planned economy, where investment and production decisions are embodied in a plan of production Market economies not logically presuppose the existence of private property in the means of production A market economy can consist of various types of cooperatives, collectives or autonomous state agencies that acquire and exchange capital goods in capital markets, utilizing a free price system to allocate capital goods and labor There are many variations of market socialism, some of which involve employee-owned enterprises based on self-management; as well as models that involve public ownership of the means of production where capital goods are allocated through markets 2.2 The gross national income The gross national income (GNI) is the total domestic and foreign output claimed by residents of a country, consisting of gross domestic product (GDP) plus factor incomes earned by foreign residents, minus income earned in the domestic economy by nonresidents Comparing the GNI and GDP shows us whether the nation resources are put to capital creation or declining toward abroad Comprehension What is a market economy? What is the major defining characteristic of a market economy? What are differences between a market economy and a planned economy? What does a market economy consist of? What is GNI? What is GDP Grammatical point Relative clauses: Defining relative clauses and non-defining relative clauses 4.1 Relative clauses Clauses beginning with questions words (e.g who, which, where) are often used: - To modify nouns and some pronouns - To identify people and things or give more information about them Clauses used like this are called “Relative clauses” There are types of relative clauses: Defining relative clauses and non-defining relative clauses Positions: - Follow by a verb (subject relative clause) We must keep relative pronouns The man who robbed you has been arrested The car which/that caused last night is being in the police station Follow by a noun or pronoun + V (object relative clause) We can leave out relative pronouns The man who I love got married (The man I love got married.) This is the best school that I know (This is the best school I know.) 4.2 Defining relative clauses Defining relative clauses used to give essential information about someone or something in order to understand what or who is being referred to A defining relative clause usually comes immediately after the noun it describes Children who hate chocolate are uncommon They live in a house whose roof is full of holes 4.3 Non-defining relative clauses Non-defining relative clauses used to give extra information about the person or thing It is not necessary information We don‟t need it to understand who or what is being referred to Commas or parentheses are always used to separate non-defining relative clauses from the rest of the sentence John's mother, who lives in Scotland, has grandchildren My friend John, who went to the same school as me, has just written a best-selling novel Word study 5.1 Fill each of the numbered blanks in the following passage Use only one word from the box in each space principles the at anything what for issues training how What is economics? Economics …………(1) study of how individuals and nations make choices about how to use scarce resources to fill their needs and wants A resource is ……………(2) that people can use to make and obtain ………….(3) they need and want You may be asking yourself………… (4) this point how economics will help you, a student Also, you may be wondering how scarce resource is a problem………… (5) a nation like United States that has such abundant resources It may surprise you to know that many of the decisions you will face as a citizen deal with……… (6) The Unites States should use its resources Learning economic ………….(7) can help you make decition about candidates for political office, political and social………… (8), and the goals the Unitad States should sets for itself, such as how to spend government revenues Many people are familiar with the benefits of government programs such as job………… (9) and Medicare, but how many people aware of the costs of these programs? Economics can help you to understand………… (10) costs and benefits and, therefore, help you make better decisions 5.2 Circle the correct phrase that describe the sentences This is the house that was broken into A relative pronoun is necessary B relative pronoun is not necessary Is this the boy who plays the piano? A relative pronoun is necessary B relative pronoun is not necessary We ate the sweets which my mother had bought A relative pronoun is necessary B relative pronoun is not necessary Do you know the man who is speaking on the phone? A relative pronoun is necessary This is the picture that Jane painted A relative pronoun is necessary B relative pronoun is not necessary B relative pronoun is not necessary 5.3 Decide the clauses in bold are defining relative clauses or non-defining relative clauses An elephant is an animal that lives in hot countries My grandmother, who is dead now, came from the North of England Let's go to a country where the sun always shines I've just come back from London, where John lives We stopped at the museum, which we had never visited before The reason why I came here today is not important Yesterday I met a woman named Susan, whose husband works in London 5.4 Rewrite each of the sentences so that the meaning stays the same A man phoned and asked for yọu He spoke with a foreign accent -> The man who ………………………………………………………………………… The Night Manager was written by John le Carre It's about a man who works in a hotẹl -> John le Carre which…………………………………………………………………… Our party belives in that idea I say this from the bottom of my heart -> That is an idea Atlanta is a city The Olympic Games were held in Atlanta -> Atlanta where…………………………………………………………………………… Both her sons work abroad They ring her up every week -> Her sons, who ………………………………………………………………………… I told you about a person She is at the door -> The person who………………………………………………………………………… Jack's car had broken down He had to take a bus -> Jack, whose car………………………………………………………………………… I bought a new computer It cost me a lot of money -> The new computer which ……………………………………………………………… I got a train I wanted to go to a station The train didn‟t stop there -> The train which ………………………………………………………………………… 10 This is the bank We borrowed the money from it -> This is the bank from which ……………………………………………………………… 5.5 Translate into Vietnamese: What is economics? Unit 2: MICROECONOMICS AND MACROECONOMICS Vocabulary Microeconomics Behavior Output Scarce Scarcity Alternative Typical Equilibrium Ex:Generalequilibrium theory Quantity Interference Shortage Dominate Macroeconomics Trends Level Inflation Performance Balance Ex: Balance of payment Imbalance Admire Extreme Stagnate Stick Deficit Impact Fiscal Focus Analysis Instrument Tool Policy Monetary (n) (n) (n) (adj) (n) (adj) (adj) (n) [ˏmaikəʊi:kəˊnɔmiks] [biˊheiviə] [ˊautput] [skeəs] [ˊskeəsəti] [ɔ:lˊtə:nətiv] [ˊtipikl] [ˏi:kwiˊlibriəm] (n) (n) (n) (v) (n) (n) (n) (n) (n) (n) [ˊkwɔntəti] [ˏinˊtəfiərəns] [ˊʃɔ:tiʤ] [ˊdɒmineit] [ˏmækəʊi:kəˊnɔmiks] [trend] [ˊlevl] [inˊfleiʃn] [pəˊfɔ:məns] [ˊbæləns] (n) (v) (adj) (v) (v) (n) (n) (adj) (n) (n) (n) (v) (n) (adj) [ˏimˊbæləns] [ədˊmaiə] [ikˊstri:m] [ˊstæɡneit] [stick] [ˊdefisit] [ˊimpækt] [ˊfiskəl] [ˊfəʊkəs] [əˊnæləsis] [ˊinstrumənt] [tu:l] [ˊpɔləsi] [ˊmʌnitəri] : kinh tế vi mô : hành vi : sản lƣợng : khan : khan : khác : đặc trƣng, điển hình : cân : thuyết cân tổng thể : số lƣợng : can thiệp : thiếu : chiếm ƣu : kinh tế vĩ mô : xu hƣớng : mức : lạm phát : thực : cân bằng, cán cân, số dƣ : cán cân toán : cân : khâm phục : thái cực : đọng, đình đốn : sa lầy, mắc vào : thâm hụt : tác động : tài chính, tài khóa, thu chi : trọng điểm, điểm : phân tích : phƣơng tiện : cơng cụ : sách : thuộc tiền tệ Reading 2.1 Microeconomics Microeconomics deals with the economic behavior of individual economic agentsmainly households and firms, and of particular markets and industries The focus is on the prices and outputs of particular goods and services and on how markets interact to determine the allocation of scarce resources among millions of alternative uses Typical microeconomics questions include: What determines the relative prices of particular goods, the prices of cars and stereos and bread and books? How does the total national output get divided among various goods and services? Through microeconomics theory, one can see how the system of market prices allows equilibrium to be reached between people‟s tastes for different goods and scarcity of total resources to produce them Supply and demand analyses are two of basic tools of microeconomics analysis and can be used to see how taxes affect prices and quantities, how government interference with markets can cause shortages, and what happens when a small number of producers come to dominate a market 2.2 Macroeconomics Macroeconomics is the study of overall economic trends such as employment levels, economic growth, balance of payment, and inflation It is an important subject for many reasons For one, macroeconomics performance is a central factor affecting the success or failure of nations Countries that grow rapidly and without imbalances are admired because their citizents enjoy high and rising living standards At the opposite extreme are countries that stagnate and seem stuck in a situation of high inflation and high trade deficits In addition, macroeconomics is an important topic because a government can have a major impact on its economic performance through its economic policies – through fiscal policy (government spending and taxing) and monetary policy (changing the money supply) The central focus of macroeconomics analysis and policy is on four main areas: gross national product (GNP), employment, inflation and the balance of payments As modern macroeconomics has developed, knowledge has grown about how public policies affect the economy We now understand better the instruments or tools of macroeconomics policy They include fiscal policy, monetary policy, income policy and foreign economic policy Comprehension 3.1 Read the text about microeconemics and answer these questions What does microeconemics deal with? What does microeconemics focus on? Does microeconemics analyze what influences the prices of particular goods? What can bring about a balance between people‟s tastes for different goods and the scarce resources needed to produce them? In microeconemics what are supply and damand analyses considered to be? 3.2 Read the text and answer these questions What is the important of macroeconemics? What does macroeconomics study? The article discusses countries at opposite extreme, what are they? What does fiscal policy deal with? How can the government have a major inpact on a country‟s economic performance? What are the main areas that macroeconemics focus on? What are tools of macroeconemics policy? What modern economists know more about than in the past? What is the difference between microeconemics and macroeconemics? Grammatical point: Get + past participle When get is followed by a past participle, the meaning is very similar to that of a passive form Get + past participle can be used in two cases: - When we are talking about things that are done suddenly, unexpectedly or by chance: My brother got hit by a ball - When we are talking about things that we to ourselves When the alarm clock rang, he got up quickly and got dressed Word study 5.1 Find a word to complete the following sentences A rapid rise in prices is called …………… Macroeceonomics is study of overall economic ……… Increases in real GNP are called government‟s………… Monetary policy should be constracted without Fiscal ……… which refers to government borrowing, spending and taxation Fiscal policy consits of ………… and ………… The central bank has ability to alter the money…… and thus influence the interest rate They……… The prices of their goods by calculating total costs and adding a little bit more for profit The total profits of that conpany………….among the different owners according to how much they invested in the company Even though that factory consumes more inputs than this one, the……….is less 10 The ……… of water in that area makes it difficult to plan rice 5.2 Turn the following sentences into the passive using get+past participle Somebody broke the window last night The burglars cut a big hole in the door A rainstorm flooded our camp Students are doing a lot of the work Somebody stole my dog this morning They feed the tigers at the zoo twice a day People must not leave bicycles in the hall Lightning struck the big tree He hurt his thumb when using the stapler 10 She stucks her fingers in a bowling ball 5.3 Fill in the blanks with "get"+ the past participle The tenses indicated in the brackets The window very easily (break - past tense) It sometime next week (fix - future tense) Pedro on Friday (pay - present tense) The cake _ (frost - present continuous tense) The lights incorrectly (install - past tense) 5.4 Translate into Vietnamese: What is Macroeconomics? (yêu cầu dịch nên rõ ràng với tiêu đề đọc hơn) 10 The doctor ordered him to take a long rest lightening struck the house A group of students have met their friends at the rail way station They didn‟t allow Tom to take these books home 10 The teacher won‟t correct exercises tomorrow 11 Marry has operated Tom since 10 o‟clock 12 This is the second time they have written to us about this 13 Mr Smith has taught us French for two year 14 They didn‟t look after the children properly 15 Nobody swept this street last week 16 People drink a great deal of tea in England 17 People speak English all over the world 18 Tom was writing two poems 19 She often takes her dog for a walk 20 They can‟t make tea with cold water 21 The chief engineer was instructing all the workers of the plan 22 Somebody has taken some of my book away 23 They will hold the meeting before the May Day 24 They have to repair the engine of the car 25 The boys broke the window and took away some pictures 26 People spend a lot of money on advertising everyday 27 They may use this room for the classroom 28 The teacher is going to tell a story 29 Marry is cutting the cake with a sharp knife 30 The children looked at the women with a red hat 31 She used to pull my hat over my eyes 32 For the past years, I have done all my washing by hand 33 A pair of Robins has built a nest in the porch since last week 34 The police haven‟t found the murderer yet 35 They sold one of her paintings at $1,000 36 I will put your gloves back in the drawer 37 People speak English in almost every corner of the world 38 You mustn‟t use the machine after 5.30 p.m 39 Luckily for me, they didn‟t call my name 40 After class, one of the students always erases the chalk board 21 UNIT 6: MARKETING, ANALYSIS OF MARKETING OPPORTUNITIES Vocabulary Brief Brief Brief (n) [ bri:f ] (v) (adj) : tóm tắt hồ sơ tố tụng, cáo thị : giải thích trƣớc đƣợc giao nhiệm vụ : ngắn gọn, vắn tắt Define Research (v) (v) [diˊfain] : xác định : nghiên cứu Objective Implement (n) (v) [ɔbˊʤektiv] Interpret Puzzele Hypotheses Observation method (v) (v) (n) (n) [inˊtə:prit] Respond Sample (v) (n) [ˊrespɔn] Sample Segment (v) (n) Segment Represent Represent Survey Prejudge Exposure (v) (v) (n) (n) (n) (v) Monitor Overwhelm Exhibit Fieldwork (v) (v) (n) (n) [riˊsə:ʧ ] [ˊimplimənt] [ˊpʌzl] [haiˊpɒθəsi:t] [ˏɒpzəˊveiʃn] : mục tiêu : thi hành, thực : giải thích, lý giải : bắt phải suy nghĩ, nghiền nghẫm : giả thuyết : phƣơng pháp quan sát [ˊsampl] : phúc đáp, trả lời : mẫu hàng, mẫu sản phẩm [ˊseɡmən] : dùng thử, thử hàng mẫu : phần, đoạn [ˊri:prizent] [ˏreˊprizent] [ˊsə:vei] [ˏpri:ˊʤʌʤ] [iksˊpouӡə] [ˊmɔnitə] [ˏouvəˊwelm] [iɡˊzibit] [fi:ldˊwə:k] : chia thị trƣờng thành nhiều phần khác : đại diện : ngƣời đại diện : điều tra, xem xét : phán đốn : trình bày sản phẩm công chúng : theo dõi, quan sát, kiểm nghiệm : đánh bại : tang vật : việc nghiên cứu thực tế Reading In business, demand is always changing and therefore it is essential to know how things are changing Market research requires a special form of skill and therefore market research companies are often employed because they have the necessary experience and also because market research takes up a lot of time There are the four steps in market research process: firstly defining the problem and the research objectives, secondaly devoloping the research plan, then implememting the plan, finally interpreting anfd presenting the findings 22 Defining the problem and research objective is often the hardest step in the research process The manager may know that something is wrong, but not the specific causes For example, managers of a discount retail chain store hastily decided that falling sales were caused by poor advertising When the research showed that the current advertising was reaching the right people with the right message, the managers were puzzeled It turned out that the store themselves were not providing what the advertising promised When the problem has been carefully defined, the research objectives must be set The research may be exploratory in order to gather imformation to better define the problem It may be descriptive – in order to describe market potential, customer attitudes, Sometimes, it may be causal – to test hypotheses about causes – and – effect relationships: for example, would a 10 percent decrease in price lead to significantly higher or not? The second step involves developing a plan for colleting the information The information may be available in the form of secondary data-i.e it already exists somewhere or it needs to be collected specifically for this project – primany data Primany data collection calls for decisions about the research approaches, contact methods, sampling plan and research instruments There are three main research approaches: the observing relevant people, actions and sititutions For example, a museum checks the popularity of certain exhibits by noting the floor wear around them This approach is most suited where the objective is exploratory For descriptive research, surveys are the best suited These can be structured using formal lists of questions asked of all respondents in the same way or understand where the interview is guided by the respondent‟s answers Finally for causal research, an experimental approach is most effective Experiments involve selecting matched groups of subject, giving them different treatments, controlling unrelated factors and checking for differences in group responses We will look at contact method in more detail in different part Briefly, information can be gathered either by mail, telephone or personal interview Another decision which has to be made concerns the sampling plan A sample is segment of the population selected to represent the population as a whole There are three variables here: firstly, the sample unit Who is to be sampled? Secondary, the sample size, how should be surveyed? Thirdly, the sampling procedure, how the people be chosen: at random, at convennience, on the basic of prejudgement? Finally, in developing the research plan, a choice must be made in terns of the research instrusments The most common is the questionaire In preparing the questionaire, the market researcher must decide what questions to ask, the form of the question (e.g open/closed, multiple choice), the wording of the questions and their ordering Although questionaires are the most common instrusment, mechanical instrusments such as a galvanometer can be used: this instrument measures the strength of a subject‟s interest or emotions aroused by and exposure to an advert or a picture Once all these decisions have been made concerning the reasearch plan, the researcher must then put it into action The implementation phase is generally the most expensive and the most subject to error The fieldwork must be monitored closely to make sure the plan is correctly implemented 23 The last phase is interpretation and reporting The researcher should try not to overwhelm managers with statistics, but to present major findings that are useful in the decisions faced by the manegement Comprehension Read the text and complete the following charts: Chart 1: Defining the problem and research objectives Chart 2: Research objectives a.………… ……….… …………… …………… ……….… …………… ………… …… Research aproaches b.………… … ……… …………… …………… …………… … ……… ……… Contact methods Sampling plan c.………… … ……… …………… …………… ………… …………… …… Research instruments a……………… d……………… g……………… j……………… m…………… ……………… b……………… ……………… c……………… ……………… ……………… ……………… n…………… ……………… ……………… ……………… e……………… ……………… f……………… ……………… ……………… h……………… ……………… i……………… ……………… ……………… k……………… ……………… l……………… ……………… Grammatical point: Modals 4.1 Can, Could, Be able to * Can, could and be able to are used to express ability or lack of ability - Present and future: S + can/can‟t/am/are/is/ able to/will be able to/won‟t be able + V(inf not to) - Past: S + could /couldn‟t/was /were + able to/wasn‟t /weren‟t + able to/ + V (inf not to) Tom can write poetry very well Lisa can‟t speak French Mike is able to solve complicated math equations The support team will be able to help you in about ten minutes I won‟t be able to visit you next summer When I was a child I could climb trees I wasn‟t able to visit her in the hospital 24 * Can, could used to express asked permission or given permission Can/Could + Subject + V (infinitive not to) Can you lend me ten dollars? Could I have your number? 4.2 May, Might: Used for: * Formal permission or formal prohibition S + may / may not + V (infinitive not to) You may start your exam now You may not wear sandals to work * Polite request May + S + V (infinitive not to) May I help you? * Possibility or negative possibility S + may/might/may not/ might not + V (infinitive not to) We may go out dinner tonight Do you want to join us? Our company might get the order if the client agrees to the price Adam and Sue may not buy that house It‟s very expensive They might not buy a house at all 4.3 Shall, Should, Ought to: Used for: * Offering of assistance or polite suggestion Shall/Should + S + V (infinitive not to) Shall we go for a walk? Should I call a doctor? Note: Shall is only used with I or we It is used instead of will only in formal English * Giving advice S + should / shouldn’t/ ought to + V (infinitive not to) You should check that document before you send it out You ought to have your car serviced before the winter James shouldn‟t teach him words like those Word – study 5.1: Fill in the correct form of can, could or be able to _ Tony run long distances when he was a boy? you please call a tow truck for me? My car broke down The students _ to buy their textbooks today The bookstore is all out of them you teach me how to fix my computer? You‟re so good at it you reach the customer if you call him at 4:00 his time? 5.2 Fill in the correct form of May or might I sit here? 25 They finish the project on time The main engineer is ill _ I have your autograph? He _ visit the Louvre He‟s in Paris anyway You park your car here It‟s reserved for guests of the hotel only 5.3 Fill in should, shouldn’t or ought to in the following sentences 1 He _ encourage such bad behavior You _ get your teeth cleaned at least once a year The house be ready to move into by next month It‟s almost finished Ron to improve his attitude If he doesn‟t, he might get fired I get your jacket? It‟s cold in here You put your feet on the table It‟s not polite 5.4 Circle the correct option in each sentence below Which question is correct? Which sentence is NOT correct? A You can play the violin? A.David can‟t come to work today B Can you play the violin? C Play you the violin? Which question is correct? B I can‟t to fix your car, I‟m afraid C We can‟t see the television Which question is NOT correct? A Can you help me please? B You can please help me? C Can you to help me please? Which is the correct answer? Can your brother speak German? A.Yes, he cans B No, he don‟t can C No, he can‟t A.Which sports can you play? B Where I can put this box? C What time can you come to the office? What is the best reply? Could I borrow your pen? A Yes, I can B Yes, you could C Yes, sure Which word completes the question? _ you understand Spanish people when you were in Spain? A.Could B Can C Do Which words complete the sentence? I dance really well when I was young, but I now A could / can‟t B couldn‟t / can‟t C can‟t / can Which word CANNOT go in the space? _ you drive me to the station please? A Could B Can C Do 10 Which sentence is correct? A I can‟t to see you today B My parents can come to the party C We can visiting you at the weekend 26 Unit 7: PRICING Vocabulary Negotiate (v) [niˊɡəʊʃiet] : thƣơng lƣợng Bargain Orient Revise (v) (v) (v) [ˊba:ɡin] [riˊvaiz] : mặc : định hƣớng : điều chỉnh Capitalize (v) [ˊkæpitəlaiz] : cung ứng Assist (v) [əsist] : hỗ trợ Propose (v) [prəˊpouz] : đề đạt, đề xuất Slash Strategy (v) (v) [ˊslæʃ] : giảm đáng kể : chiến lƣợc Market-positioning strategy: Deal Premium (v) (n) [ˊɔriən] [ˊstrætəʤi] [di:l] [ˊpri:miəm] : chiến lƣợc định vị thị trƣờng : thỏa thuận kinh doanh : tiền bổ sung Reading How are prices set? Through most of history, prices were set by buyers and sellers negotiating with each other Sellers would ask for higer price than they expected to receive, and buyers would offer less than they expected to pay Through bargaining, they would arrive at an acceptable price Setting one price for all buyers is a relatively modern idea It was given impetus by the development of large-scale retailing at the end of the nineteenth century Price is only elememt in the marketing mix that produces revenue, the other elements costs Yet many companies not handle pricing well The most common mistake are: pricing is too cost oriented, price is not revised often enough to capitalize on market changes, price is set independently of the rest of the marketing mix rather than as an intrinsic element of market-positioning strategy, and price is not varied enough for different product items and market segment Comprehension According to the text, decide whether the following sentences are true (T) or false (F) Through most of history, sellers and buyers made bargaining to research suitable prices One price set for all buyers is a traditional trend Price has played an important role in buyer choice Companies with sound pricing strategies can gain market share and profitability All elememts in the marketing mix represent costs 27 Grammatical point: Raise and Rise 4.1 Raise: used for an action that a person does to someone or something else It is a regular transitive verb – it requires an object Raise means to lift or to elevate We have raised the price of bread The student should raise the hand Raise means to bring up He wants to raise his children in a big city 4.2 Rise used for an action that a person or animal does by oneself It is an irregular intransitive verb – it does not take an object (to ascend, go up) Rise means to ascend to go up The sun rises in the East (Mặt trời mọc phƣơng Ðông.) Rise means to get up He rises very early Rise means to stand up He rose from the chair Rise means to increase The river has risen Prices have risen 10% this year When oil and water mix, oil rises to the top Word study 5.1 Complete each sentences with raise or rise The sun ………………… every morning He …………………… the question of salary Profits ………………… last year by 25 percent The company was forced to ……………… prices Inflation ……………………… by percent this year If you have any question …………… your hand and I‟ll try to help you She has ………… three children without her husband‟s financial support Umemployment …………… quikly in the metropolitan areas My dad……… me up everyday 10 I think that taxes need to ………………… 5.2 Choose the words in each group that makes compound nouns with the given words Sales: forecast/figures/trade/target Market: forces/sector/check/share Price: offer/list/range/rise Advertising: slogan/campaign/line/agency Working: condition/trend/hours/lunch 5.3 Translate the text into Vietnamese (Text để dịch?) 28 Unit 8: FINANCE Vocabulary Finance (n) [ fainæns] : tài Be concerned with sb/sth (v.ph) : đề cập tới ai/cái Fund (n) [kənˊsə:nd [fʌnd] Allow sb to sth (v.ph) [əˊlau] : cho phép làm Credit (n) [ˊkredit] : tiền ngân hàng cho vay Cash (n) (n) [kæʃ] : tiền mặt Issue (v) [iʃu:] : phát hành Bond (n) [bɔnd] : trái phiếu Idle (adj) [ˊaidl] : nhàn rỗi(tiền) Acquire (v) [əˊkwaiə] : đạt đƣợc Percolate (v) [ˊpə:kəleit] : đƣợc biết đến thông qua Play an important roll in sth (v.ph) Stock exchange (n) [stɔk iksˊʧeinʤ] : thị trƣờng chứng khoán Securities (n) [siˊkjuərəti] : : chứng khốn : vốn, quỹ : đóng vai trò quan trọng Reading Finance are concerned with providing funds to individuals, businesses and governments Finance allows these entities to use credit instead of cash to purchase goods and invest in projects For example, an individual can borrow money from a bank to buy a home And industrial firm can raise money through investors to build a new factory Government can issue bonds to raise money for projects Finance plays an important role in the economy As banks, credit unions, and other financial institutions provide credit, they help expand economy by directing funds from savers to borrowers For example, a bank accquires large amounts of money from the deposits of individual savers The bank does not let this money sit idle but instead provides loans to borrowers who might then build a house or expand a business The saving of millions of people percolate through many financial institutions, spurring economic growth A wide variety of financial institutions have different roles in finance and the economy Some institutions act as an intermediary among consumers, businesses, and governments by lending out deposits Other institution, such as stock exchanges, provide a 29 market for existing securities, which include stocks and bonds Stock exchanges encourage investment because they enable invertor to sell their sercurities when they need arise Many aspects of finance are studied individually Corporate finance centers on how businesses can best raise and spend the funds Public finance focuses on the financial role of federal, state, and local governments Comprehension: Answer these questions What is finance concerned with? What does the term “these entities” on the text refer to? How can an industrial firm raise money? Prove that finance plays an important role in the economy? What does corporate finance center on? What does public finance focus on? What makes investors buy stock? Where are shares and bonds bought and sold? Grammatical points: The second and the third conditional 4.1 The second conditional a Use: The second conditional used to talk about: - Future events that are not likely to happen If I won a million dollars, I would travel around the world - Things which are contrary to the present facts If she worked less, she wouldn't be so tired b Form: If + S + V (Simple Past), + S + Would + V(Simple Past) S + Would + V(Simple Past) If + S + V(Simple Past) Note: + should, could, might can be used instead of would: If she didn't have her job, she could come with us to the North Pole + "were" is the only form for all personal pronouns If I were you, I would apologize her 4.2 The third conditional a Use: The third conditional is used to talk about events that did not happen in the past If I had woken up on time, I would have taken the bus Tom would have helped us if he had known we were there Note: should have, could have, might have can be used instead of would have: Jessica might have gotten the job if she hadn't been so nervous b Form: If + S + V (Past perfect), + S + would + have + V (Past participle) 30 Word study 5.1 Use the corret form of the words in the brackets to complete sentences This company has been operating ………… (successful) as Impex international He ……… (sleep) this morning, and he was late for work We don‟t think that there is …………… (solve) to this problem Taxation has been used to increase the price and reduce the ………… (comsume) of cigarettes Buyers must take delivery of the goods within seven days of ………… (arrive) at the port of discharge 5.2 Choose the correct option Last night, I would _ to the pub if I hadn't had so much homework to a go b going c be go d have gone The teacher wouldn't have written a test about conditionals if we _them this week a had studied b hadn't studied c studied d didn't study If the lesson had been more interesting, Easa wouldn't _ asleep a fell b had fallen c have fallen d be fall c wouldn't complain d had complained If they were late, woule you _? a complain b complained If Charlie _ a million pounds in a lottery he would still ride a bicycle to work a wins b winning c would win d won If they late, we‟d close their account a paid b didn't paid c had paid d have pay We have to turn to another supplier if you able to deliver this month a have had/were b would/are c wouldn‟t/were d have been/is If you paid by cash, we _deliver this week a wasn't b wouldn't have been c won‟t d would Monica about the third conditional if she hadn't missed Thursday's lesson a would learn b would have learned c would be learn d had learned 10 If they didn‟t the contract, they would _disappointed a won/be b win/be c win/were d won/have been 31 Unit 9: FUNDING THE BUSINESS Vocabulary Fund (v) [fʌnd] : cấp vốn, cấp ngân sách Gearing (n) [ɡiəriŋ] : tỷ số vốn cho vay Exposed Equity (adj) (n) [iksˊpouz] : may rủi : vốn cổ phần Equities (n) Equity capital (n) [ˊkæpitl] : vốn cổ phần thƣờng Bankruptcy Claim Venture (n) (n) (n) [ˊbỉŋkrəptsi] : tình trạng phá sản : đòi (khiếu nại) tiền bồi thƣờng : việc kinh doanh mạo hiểm Run Merchant bank Clearing bank Finance (v) (n) (n) (v) [rʌn] Stokebroker Interest rate Dramatically (n) [ˊstɔkˏbroukə] (n) [reit] (adv) [drəˊmætikəli] (v) [souk ʌp] (v) [ˊflʌktjueit] (n) [ˏflʌktjuˊeiʃn] (n) [listd] (n) Soak up Fluctuate Fluctuation Listed on the stock exchange Unlisted securities market [ˊekwiti] : cổ phiếu thƣờng [kleim] [ˊvenʧə] [ˊmə:ʧənt] [ˊkliəriŋ] [ˊfainæns] : quản lý, tổ chức : ngân hàng tƣ nhân, ngân hàng thƣơng mại : ngân hàng bù trừ, ngân hàng nông nghiệp : cấp tiền, vốn cho : ngƣời môi giới chứng khốn : lãi xuất : nhanh chóng, sâu sắc : thu hút tiền : dao động thất thƣờng : dao động thất thƣờng : thị trƣờng chứng khốn khơng đăng ký : thị trƣờng chứng khoán chƣa niêm yết Reading To ensure a company‟s long – term survival and prosperity, finance managers need to make decisions about the gearing of the company Gearing is the relationship between equity capital invested in the business and long – term bebt The higher gearing (in other words, greater the proportion of long – term debt), the more exposed the company is in times of economic difficulty In the first form of equity is owner‟s capital This is the most exposed form of capital since a return is received only after all other calls on a company‟s profits have been satisfied In an extreme case – bankruptcy – the owner‟s equity will be repaid only after everyone else, including employees, creditors, banks, ect, has received what they are owed On the other hand, in successful time, the owners have a claim on all the net profit of the company An owner does not need to rely on his or her own funds She/He can go to the other sources of equity finance There are three main sources: firstly venture capital: this is 32 usually provided by venture firms interested in financing high – growth companies However, the provider usually demands such a faster and higher rate of return than an owner would expect from his/her own capital On the other hand, the venture capital company does not usually interfere in running of the company Another source of equity finance is the unlisted securities market- sometimes called the second or third market This has advantage of allowing a company to raise money from outside investorss without losing much control of the company The last source is available only to large conpanies – the Stock Exchange If a company gains a listing on the Stock Exchange, this will provide the long – term opportunity of raising capital by issuing fresh shares However, at least 25 percent of the equity must be in public hands – thereby reducing the control of the original owners Companies prepared to increase their gearing can raise capital through long – term loans They can go to sources such as the clearing banks, merchant banks and even pension funds However, in all three cases they will usually secure their debt over the fixed assets of the business and, of course, interest must be paid, usually linked to bank base rate In times of prosperity, a high gearing will give the owners a much better return as net profits will be a much higher percentage of equity after interest payments on the long – term debts However, in harder times, the owner‟s earing will drop dramatically as interest payment soak up most of the company‟s profits Comprehension Read the passage, then complete the Chart Sources of funds Low gearing Advantages/disadvanteges (i) Owner‟s capital (ii) (iii) (iv) High gearing Long – term loans Grammatical points: Comparisons of adjectives 4.1 Comparative adj: Use: Comparative adjectives used to compare the differences between two people, two things or two places I am taller than my sister The yellow hat is more expensive, than the green hat Form: S1 + be + SA+er + than + S2 S1 + be + more/less + LA + than + S2 Note: - Adjectives that have syllables and end in - y change the -y to -i and add -er I came home earlier than my sister - More or less used for adjectives that have syllables that not end in -y 33 Police officers are usually more honest than criminals The last test was less difficult than the test today - Adjectives that end in -e, only -r is added The beach is nicer than that park Airplanes are safer than cars - Adjectives that end in with a consonant, vowel, consonant - the last consonant is doubled My house is bigger than my sister‟s house - Irregular: Good – better Little – less bad – worse far – further much (many) – more 4.2 Superlative adj: Use: Superlative adjectives used to describe the extreme quality of one thing in a group of things (the tallest, the smallest, the fastest, the highest) Form: S + be + the S.Adj + est S + be + the most L.Adj Note - Adjectives that have syllables and end in - y change the -y to -i and add est She's the luckiest person I know - Adjectives that end in -e, only -st is added My mother is the nicest person - Adjective that end in with a consonant, vowel, consonant - the last consonant is doubled - The following adjectives have irregular forms: good - the best bad - the worst little - least far - the farthest/furthest much (many) – most Word study 5.1 Generate other forms of these verbs Verbs Nouns(concept) Nouns (agent) To prosper To bankrupt To invest To provide To secure To own To interfere 34 5.2 Select the correct comparative Peter is than Paul a taller b more tall c more taller That shirt is than this one a expensiver b more expensive c expensive more Her car is much than my car a faster b more fast c fastter Tina's dress is than Lucy's dress a beautifuller b more beautiful c most beautiful b fatter c fater I am than you a more fat I think Peter is than Paul! a happier b more happy c happyer France is than Belgium a bigger b more big c biger My pizza looks than your pizza a deliciouser b more delicious c delicious more Michael is a driver than Toby a gooder b more good c better 10 Today it is than it was yesterday a colder b more cold c cold more 5.3 Complete these sentences with the corect comparative or superlative form of the adjectives in brackets It‟s much ……… (hard) to raise money on the Stoke exchange Increasing owner's capital is …………… (risky) way of raising money for investment The banks will be ……………….(cautious) than the securities market Interest rates are much …………… (high) this year than last The …………(safe) method of increasing working capital is to plough back profits A fixed-term loan is ………………(flexible) than a fluctuating overdraft On the other hand, a medium-term loan is …(easy) to control than a fluctuating overdraft Venture capital is much ……………… (difficult) to raise than we are to led to believe The stock exchange rules are much …………… (formal) than the USM 10 Expansion is …………… (attractive) in times of low interest rates 35 ... marketing opportunities 21 Unit Pricing 26 Unit Finance 28 Unit Funding the business 31 Unit 10 Taxation 35 Unit 11 Insurance 38 Unit 12 Management of working capital 43 Unit 13 The foreign exchange... depository institutions in their activities and funtions, and differences still persist However, as a result of deregulatory financial legislation in the 19 80s, the distinctions have diminished-... kinh tế, tiền tệ, t? ?i - ngân hàng, kiểm tốn, marketing kinh doanh quốc tế Giáo trình đƣợc hồn thành kết trình lao động nghiêm túc, tập thể tác giả cố gắng xây dựng giáo trình có n? ?i dung thiết