... June–July 2003 Cross-Layer Design of an Energy-Efficient Cluster Formation Algorithm [19] K Sohrabi, J Gao, V Ailawadhi, and G J Pottie, “Protocols for self-organization of a wireless sensor network,” ... Hawaii, USA, January 2000 [10] W B Heinzelman, A P Chandrakasan, and H Balakrishnan, An application-specific protocol architecture for wireless microsensor networks,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless ... phases of the LEACH B algorithm The start packet is transmitted using a value of power given by PTmax = α PRmin 4π fc d0 /c Dmax /d0 Mf , Gant (17) Cross-Layer Design of an Energy-Efficient Cluster Formation...