Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 6 pptx

... shown(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)(f)(g)(h)Fig. 15 .6. Normalized beam intensity proﬁles obtained with the 1.7 μm pinhole (a) and the 0 .6 μm pinhole (b). With the 1.7 and 0 .6 μm pinholes, respectively, wavefrontfocus terms (c )and( d), ... LTPbut instead by simply inclining the grating with respect to the optics table in order to obtain the proper incidence angle. However, the Littrow angle canbe quite large, e.g., 25◦fora1 ,60 0 ... selecteddetermines the measuring point spacing of the traced line. The lateral stepsize is deﬁned by selecting the lateral shift between the lines scans in thestart menu of the scanning software. In a...

Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 2 pptx

... initial analytical estimation of the sampling intervals. The phase-space coordinates and other random quantities (e.g., scattering angles orpenetration depth in a crystal) determining the neutron ... (2.24)2.5.7 Intersection PointThe intersection point (xM,yM,zM) of the ray with the optical element isdetermined by solving the quadratic equation in t generated by inserting (2.12)into (2.13) ... pinhole imaging method has been applied for surveyingthe condition of the neutron beam extraction system and for determining thecharacteristics of the neutron moderator at the Los Alamos Neutron...

Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 1 docx

... 91 6. 1 Introduction 91 6. 2 ResonanceBeamCoupling 93 6. 3 Front Coupling Waveguide with Preliminary Reﬂection . . . . . . . . . . 100 6. 3.1 PlaneWaveIncomingRadiation 101 6. 3.2 Radiation from an Incoherent ... 584.2.2 SamplingStrategy 594.2.3 OptimizationofInstrumentParameters 60 4.3 SimulationofNeutronOpticsComponents 61 4.3.1 NeutronSource 61 4.3.2 DiﬀractiveOptics 62 4.3.3 ReﬂectiveOptics 64 4.4 SimulationsofEntireInstruments ... BeamlineModeling 86 5.5.1 Modelingthe THzBeamlineonERLP 86 5 .6 Summary 89References 89 6 Theoretical Analysis of X-Ray WaveguidesS. Lagomarsino, I. Bukreeva, A. Cedola, D. Pelliccia, and W....

Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 3 doc

... determinant relating source coordinates and image angles.5 The expression 1/|D| accounting for the surface integration.products of the coordinates and angles is linear and can be described in ... ﬁeld and also allows for its propagation across “thin” optics. This code is described in Sect. 5.2. Beamlines at UV and shorterwavelengths require highly grazing incidence optics, and in this ... calculation. In practice this means that running 86 M. Bowler et al.5.5 Beamline ModelingPHASE has mainly been used to model the highly grazing incidence systemsrequired for XUV and X-ray beamlines....

Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 4 potx

... and minima (seeFig. 6. 2 in [ 46] ). Coordinates of maxima in the spatial intensity distributioncan be found from the condition for constructive interference of wave ﬁeldsdescribed in (6. 20) and ... point of the waveguide is given byΦ(x, y)=m=mmaxm=0cm(θm)ϕm(y)exp(−iχmx). (6. 26) 7Focusing Optics for NeutronsF. OttAbstract. Neutrons beams are diﬃcult to handle since the neutron ... employing only smaller grating periods or in the case of zoneplates by smaller zones. According to the Rayleigh criterion the point-to-point1 06 S. Lagomarsino et al. 6. 4.2 Diﬀraction in a Dielectric...

Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 5 doc

... Irick, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 63 (1), (1992)14. R. Signorato, M. Sanchez del Rio, in Proceedings of SPIE, vol. 3152, 1997, p. 1 36 8 Volume Eﬀects in Zone Plates 165 0 204 060 80 100 120 140 160 x-axis / ... the increasingly demanding precision requirements ofmirrors in the synchrotron radiation ﬁeld [6] . In the following, some of themost frequently adopted modiﬁcations will be described. In some ... scanning pentaprism. The main advantages of such a conﬁguration werethe introduction of an angle-maintaining pentaprism (less sensitive to vibra-tions and to the tilting errors of the scanning...

Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 7 doc

... (2005)2 36 D. SpigaFig. 16. 1. Calculated X-ray reﬂectivity of a constant d-spacing W/Si multilayer(dashed line) and a W/Si supermirror (solid line) in the energy range 1–70 keV atthe grazing incidence ... approximately(neglecting the beam refraction) determined by Bragg’s law,2d sin ϑi≈ kλ. ( 16. 3) In ( 16. 3), k is an integer and λ is the wavelength of the radiation in use.Multilayers able to reﬂect a continuous ... [8]:Rσ= R0exp− 16 2σ2nhnlsin ϑhsin ϑlλ2. ( 16. 6) In this formula, nl,nhare the refractive indexes and ϑl,ϑhare the incidenceangles in the two components of the multilayer....

Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 8 doc

... are included, and severalapplications of capillary optics in X-ray diﬀractometry, micro -X-ray ﬂuorescenceanalysis and absorption spectroscopy are presented.18.1 IntroductionTraditionally X-ray ... using single and multiple reﬂections are relatively eﬃcient and are, in some cases, unique instruments for beam shaping of X-rays fromlaboratory sources as well as of synchrotron radiation. In ... Moreover, in addition to theaccuracy requirements in shape and positioning, etc., it is important to have18 Capillary Optics for X-Rays 2954080120 160 20002040 60 801004080120 160 200Intensity,a.u.µmµmFig....

Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 9 potx

... number requiresspecialised instruments for tests and a careful and time consuming productionprocess.The interesting point in the large tolerance for the surface errors in X-ray transmission lenses ... soft X-ray contactmicroscopy, or micromachining of polymers by direct photoetching.Grazing incidence X-ray optics can be used to collect the radiation in awide wavelength range. However, X-rays ... air gap. In (b )and( c) rows 13–17 from the upper lens half and in (d) and (e) the last four rows 26 29 are shown. In (a), (b), and (d) are obtained withthe maximum of the crystal rocking curve...

Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 10 doc

... cooled downinvacuumandmeasuredatRT.TheXRRandGIXDSsimulationparametersare also shown in Table 24.2. An increase of the σ and σeﬀ−σ values indicatesan advanced interface roughening and interdiﬀusion, ... using a pair of materials in thermodynamic equilib-rium or using compound layers instead of elemental ones [5–8]. Incorporation23 Stress Reduction in Multilayers Used for X-Ray and Neutron Optics ... sputtering machines. This was achievedby understanding the eﬀects previously limiting the layer numbers to a fewhundred, and ﬁnding ways to reduce them by improved sputtering processes. In the...

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