Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 1 docx

[...]... 19 0 11 The Nanometer Optical Component Measuring Machine F Siewert, H Lammert, and T Zeschke 19 3 11 .1 Engineering Conception and Design 19 3 11 .2 Technical Parameters 19 5 11 .3 Measurement Accuracy of the NOM 19 6 11 .4 Surface Mapping 19 8... the increased application of focusing and polarizing devices which will also be based mainly on supermirror coatings It is in this field of multilayers where there is much similarity between neutron and X-ray optics Focusing systems for neutrons also have much in common with their X-ray equivalents; in particular, focusing tests using capillary optics and Fresnel zone plates have been performed with neutrons... divergence in both the vertical and horizontal directions 1 X-Ray and Neutron Optical Systems 3 Capillary X-ray optics, including microchannel plates, have been successfully used with conventional X-ray sources Straight glass monocapillaries are efficient in transporting X-rays from the source leading to increased radiation intensity on the sample Tapered monocapillaries are used in synchrotron beamlines... Ladislav Pina Department of Physical Electronics Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering Czech Technical University in Prague Brehova 7, 11 5 19 Prague 1 Czech Republic ladislav.pina@fjfi.cvut.cz A Keith Powell Department of Physics Strand King’s College London London WC2R 2LS, UK powell.keith@gmail.com Stefan Rehbein BESSY GmbH Albert Einstein Str 15 12 489 Berlin Germany rehbein@bessy.de... Distribution in pinhole temperature distribution spatial distribution 0.2 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 c ff grating efficiency y (mm) 600 -0 .1 -0 .1 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0 .10 0 5000 Intensity Intensity blaze angle(°) 800 grating efficiency 2 photons/s/mm /BW x 10 12 Width(x): 0.0472 mm Center : 0. 014 mm 4000 2000 0 -0.05 0.00 0.05 u 41- 162-0p7-40-ray 1 image at : 755.00 mm N/s/0.1A/ 0.0mrad/ 0 .10 00%BW 13 60D +16 Transmission:... Refractive X-ray optics represent a rapidly emerging option for focusing high energy synchrotron radiation from micrometer to nanometer dimensions These devices are simple to align, offer a good working distance between the optics and the sample, and are expected to become standard elements in synchrotron beamline instrumentation in general and in high energy X-ray microscopy in particular 1. 2 Metrology... problems The intention of this brief introduction is to give a flavour of the state-of-the-art in X-ray and neutron optics as well as an indication of future trends 1. 1 X-Ray Optics There is a growing need for the determination and characterization of elements at trace concentrations that can be well below one part per million by weight This is true in many fields of human activity, including the environmental... with High Aspect-Ratios 14 1 8.4 Matrix Solution of the Scalar Wave Equation 14 8 8.4 .1 The In uence of the Line-to-Space Ratio 15 1 8.4.2 Applying High-Orders of Diffraction for X-ray Imaging 15 4 8.5 The In uence of Interdiffusion and Roughness 15 7 8.6 Numerical Results for Zone Plates with High Aspect-Ratios 16 1 8.7 Nonrectangular Profile... Transmission: 44.889 % 11 2222( 11 2222) out of 250000 2 N max/mm : 0.6 915 D +18 S1: 1. 000 S2: 0.000 S3: 0.000 0 .10 x (mm ) spot pattern Fig 2 .1 BESSY soft X-ray computational tools and their interplay Various interesting features like focal properties, power distribution, energy resolution, rocking curves, absolute transmission and polarisation characteristics of an optical setup are simulated It combines pure geometrical... Vagoviˇ c Institute of Electrical Engineering Slovak Academy of Sciences Vrbovsk´ cesta 11 0, SK-9 21 01 a Pieˇt’any, Slovak Republic s elekvago@savba.sk Stephan Werner BESSY GmbH Albert Einstein Str 15 12 489 Berlin Germany werner@bessy.de Bernard Vidal CNRS, L2MP, Case 13 1 Facult´ des Sciences de St J´rome e e 13 397 Marseille Cedex 20, France Bernard.Vidal@l2mp.fr Vladimir Vidal CNRS, L2MP, Case 13 1 Facult´ . FCWaveguide 10 6 6.5 Conclusions 10 9 References 11 0 7 Focusing Optics for Neutrons F. Ott 11 3 7 .1 Introduction 11 3 7.2 CharacteristicsofNeutronBeams 11 4 7.3 Passive Focusing: Collimating Focusing . . . 11 5 7.4 CrystalFocusing 11 7 7.4 .1 FocusingMonochromator 11 7 7.4.2 BentPerfectCrystalMonochromators 11 8 7.5 RefractiveOptics 11 8 7.5 .1 Solid-State Lenses 11 8 7.5.2 MagneticLenses 12 1 7.5.3. 249 References 2 51 Part III Refection/Refraction Optics 17 Hard X-Ray Microoptics A. Snigirev and I. Snigireva 255 17 .1 Introduction 255 17 .2 X-Ray Microscopy 256 17 .3 X-Ray Optics 260 17 .3.1Reflective Optics