... Chuang 7 D~I CllONG VE GIA CONG BANG Ap LI,IC §7.1. BIeN DANG CUA KIM LOAI . . Kim IO!;li dUQc gia cong bang ap h,tc ra:t phD bi€n. Ph1.wng phap gia c6ng bang ap l\1c ... dlfa va~ bien dl;mg deo cua kim lo~i d~ thay deli hlnh dang, kich thuac cua kim loai. Ngo~i luc tac dl,lng van kim lo~i phai vUQt qua giai h~n bat dau gay bien d<;lng ... deo. Bien d~ng deo clla kim lo~i phl,l thu¢c vao thanh phan du t~o kim lo~i, nhi~t dQ va phuong phap gia cong bang ap IIfC. Cac phuong phtip gia c6ng ap l1,tc nhu...