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HANOI OPEN UNIVERSITY MID -TERM TEST ON DISCOURSE ANALYSIS FOR STUDENTS OF ENGLISH (No 1) Subject Code: EN44 Full name: ……………………………… Date of birth: ……………………………… Group: …………………………………… BÀI GIẢI FULL I Prove that the following passage is a written text Juvenile Crime in the 19th Century Novels such as Oliver Twist have made Victorian child-thieves familiar to us, but to what extent did juvenile crime actually, exist in the 19th century? Drawing on contemporary accounts and printed ephemera, Dr Matthew White uncovers the facts behind the fiction The success ofOliver Twist owes much to the biting satire and keen social observations contained within its pages The misery of workhouses, the morally corrosive effects of poverty and the degradation of life in Victorian slums all received Dickens’s close attention The novel’s prominent theme though is criminality, witnessed most vividly in the activities of Fagin’s gang of nimble-fingered child-thieves But how realistic was Dickens’s portrayal of criminality among Victorian boys and girls? Although youth crime had been a concern since the 1700s, a decline in formal apprenticeships and the disruptive effects of industrialisation on family life after 1800 did much to create fears among the general public about the activities of criminal gangs of boys and girls in London and elsewhere Sensational stories of crime and violence filled the pages of the popular press after 1800 with details of juvenile crime appearing in newspapers, broadsides and pamphlets The activities of so-called ‘lads-men’ were regularly reported These were criminal bosses who supposedly trained young boys to steal and then later sold the stolen goods they received from them Thomas Duggin, for example, was an infamous ‘thief-trainer’ who worked in London’s notorious St Giles slum in 1817, and as late as 1855 The Times newspaper reported the activities of Charles King, a man who ran a gang of professional pick-pockets Among King’s gang was a 13-year-old boy named John Reeves, who stole over £100 worth of property in one week alone Similarly, Isaac ‘Ikey’ Solomon was a well-known receiver of stolen goods in the 1810s and 1820s who was arrested several times, and on one occasion escaped from custody Solomon gained notoriety for being a trainer of young thieves and was for some time (incorrectly) considered to be the inspiration behind Dickens’s character of Fagin owing to his similar Jewish heritage ‘Flash-houses’ also received regular attention from the police during the first half of the century These were pubs or lodging houses where stolen property was ‘fenced’, and was considered by the police and magistrates to be ‘nurseries of crime’ One report in 1817 described flash-houses as containing ‘distinct parties or gangs’ of young boys, while later in 1837 a police witness recalled how one lodging house in London had ‘20 boys and ten girls under the age of 16’ living together, most of whom were ‘encouraged in picking pockets’ by their ‘captain’ The provided passage is a written text It consists of coherent sentences and paragraphs that convey information and ideas related to the topic of juvenile crime in the 19th century The text discusses the portrayal of juvenile crime in Victorian novels, particularly focusing on Charles Dickens's Oliver Twist, and examines the extent of juvenile crime during that historical period The passage is structured with headings and subheadings, indicating different sections and points being addressed Additionally, the text uses formal language, specific terminology such as "child-thieves," "criminal gangs," "flash-houses," "juveniles," and "police witness," and references to historical events, all of which contribute to its written form Overall, the passage exhibits the characteristics of a written text, presenting coherent and organized information, making it evident that it is a written piece of content II Find grammatical and lexical cohesive devices employed in this text Grammatical Cohesive Devices: Pronouns: "us," "we," "its," "his," "them," "who," "their," "it," "he," "them," "which," "whose," "these," "those." These pronouns refer back to previously mentioned nouns or concepts, aiding in maintaining continuity and connecting ideas Demonstrative Pronouns: "this," "these," "that." These pronouns point to specific nouns or ideas previously mentioned, helping to clarify references Connectors: "such as," "but," "although," "and," "while," "also," "similarly," "however." These connectors link ideas and sentences, indicating relationships and transitions between different pieces of information Subordinating Conjunctions: "although," "while," "when," "because," "since." These conjunctions introduce dependent clauses that provide additional information or reasons related to the main clause Passive Voice: "was made," "were regularly reported," "was arrested," "was considered," "was described," "were living," "were encouraged." The passive voice is used to emphasize the action or to focus on the subject receiving the action Lexical Cohesive Devices: Synonyms and Repetition: "criminality" and "crime," "youth crime" and "juvenile crime," "boys and girls" and "young boys," "stolen goods" and "property," "gangs" and "parties," "lodging houses" and "flash-houses." The use of synonyms and repetition strengthens the coherence and clarifies the meanings of specific terms Specific Terminology: The text employs specialized terms such as "formal apprenticeships," "industrialisation," "criminal bosses," "juvenile crime," "fenced," "nurseries of crime," "police witness," "captain," etc., to maintain precision and clarity in the content 3 Descriptive Language: "sensational stories," "activities," "notorious," "infamous," "wellknown," "similar," "flash-houses," "lodging house," "picking pockets," "captain." These descriptive phrases add vividness and specificity to the discussion Time References: "after 1800," "in 1817," "as late as 1855," "during the first half of the century," "later in 1837." These references provide chronological order and help organize the information Overall, the text employs a range of grammatical and lexical cohesive devices to link ideas, establish coherence, and ensure smooth transitions between different pieces of information III Translate the text into Vietnamese Tội phạm thiếu niên kỷ 19 Như tiểu thuyết Oliver Twist làm cho đứa trẻ trộm đạo thời kỳ Victoria quen thuộc với chúng ta, mức độ tội phạm thiếu niên thực tồn kỷ 19? Dựa báo cáo đương thời tài liệu in ấn, Tiến sĩ Matthew White khám phá thật đằng sau hư cấu Sự thành công Oliver Twist nợ nhiều cho châm biếm sắc bén quan sát xã hội sắc bén chứa trang Nhục nhã nhà làm việc, tác động ăn mịn đạo đức nghèo đói suy giảm sống khu ổ chuột thời kỳ Victoria nhận ý đặc biệt Dickens Tuy nhiên, chủ đề bật tiểu thuyết tội phạm, thấy rõ hoạt động băng nhóm trẻ em tinh ranh Fagin Nhưng việc Dickens miêu tả tội phạm cậu bé cô gái thời kỳ Victoria có thực hay khơng? Mặc dù tội phạm thiếu niên vấn đề từ thập kỷ 1700, suy giảm việc học việc thức tác động gây rối cơng nghiệp hóa sống gia đình sau năm 1800 đóng góp nhiều vào việc tạo lo sợ cơng chúng nói chung hoạt động băng nhóm tội phạm cậu bé cô gái Luân Đôn nơi khác Những câu chuyện gây chấn động tội phạm bạo lực lấp đầy trang báo chí phổ biến sau năm 1800 với chi tiết tội phạm thiếu niên xuất báo, tờ rơi sách nhỏ Các hoạt động người gọi 'lads-men' thường xuyên báo cáo Đây ông trùm tội phạm, cho đào tạo cậu bé trẻ để trộm cắp sau bán hàng hóa trộm đạt từ họ Thomas Duggin, ví dụ, 'huấn luyện viên trộm' tiếng, làm việc khu ổ chuột St Giles Luân Đôn vào năm 1817, vào năm 1855, báo The Times báo cáo hoạt động Charles King, người điều hành băng nhóm móc túi chuyên nghiệp Trong băng nhóm King, có cậu bé 13 tuổi tên John Reeves, trộm 100 bảng Anh tuần Tương tự, Isaac 'Ikey' Solomon người tiếp nhận hàng hóa trộm đạt danh tiếng vào thập kỷ 1810 1820 bị bắt giữ nhiều lần, lần khỏi tù Solomon tiếng người huấn luyện trẻ trộm thời gian (sai) bị xem nguồn cảm hứng đằng sau nhân vật Fagin Dickens có dịng dõi Do Thái 'Các nhà ảo' thường xuyên nhận ý cảnh sát nửa đầu kỷ Đây quán rượu nhà trọ nơi tài sản trộm đạt "giới thiệu", bị cảnh sát quan tòa xem "nơi trồng" tội phạm Một báo cáo vào năm 1817 miêu tả nhà ảo chứa "các bên băng nhóm riêng biệt" cậu bé, sau vào năm 1837, nhân chứng cảnh sát nhớ lại cách nhà trọ Ln Đơn có "20 cậu bé mười cô gái 16 tuổi" sống chung với nhau, hầu hết số họ "được khuyến khích móc túi" "đội trưởng" họ Một số yêu cầu: + Sinh viên nộp file word lên hệ thống + Ghi rõ mã đề làm Chú ý: + Chế tài xử lý phát có chép ( VD: phát chép làm sinh viên khơng cơng nhận nhận điểm 0….) + Giảng viên trao đổi, nhận xét góp ý cho làm sinh viên diễn đàn buổi Vclass (SV tham gia lớp Vclass đầy đủ để giải đáp)