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3.1.6Quan tri danh muc tai san bao dam
o Vietcmbank chua c m hinh lung ha rui r va viec xac dinh muc ch vay ti da, tdi u-u di vi khach hang cn nhieu bat cap
3.1.6Quan tri danh muc tai san bao dam
Mot kien nghi quan trgng khac la Vietcombank can thirc hien cac cdng viec quan tri danh muc tai san bao dam cho cac khoan cap tin dung ngay tir nam 2007.
Ve nguyen tac, khi ngan hang cap tin dung cho khach hang, ngudn thu hdi ng thir hai la tir tai san bao dam tien vay khi ngudn thu thii nhat la tir chinh thu nhap eua khoan vay tao ra khdng cdn kha nang. Trong bdi canh kinh te day bien ddng nhu hien nay, rui ro ludn rinh rap khach hang va ca NHTM. Vi vay, cho vay cd tai san bao dam la sir lira chon tdt ciia Vietcombank trong viec cip tin dung cho khach hang. Do dd, van de quan tri danh muc tai san bao dam phai dugc coi trgng diing miic, va Vietcombank ciing phai cd cac quy dinh vl viec quan tri danh muc tai san bao dam.
Thu nhat, Quan tri danh muc tai san bao dam la yeu ciu khach quan trong cdng tac quan
tri nii ro ngan hang, nd la khau dac biet quan trong trong quy trinh cho vay, thu hdi ng, xii ly cac khoan ng xau.
Theo chuin muc kl toan qudc tl thi trong cac bao cao tai chinh hang nam, ngan hang ngoai viec cdng bd tdng du ng cip tin dung, cdn phai cdng bd tdng gia tri cac khoan ng
dugc dam bao bing tai san, tinh chit va gia tri sd sach cua nhung tai san dugc ngan hang nhan lam dam bao.
Hien nay, tai Vietcombank da tinh toan trich lap DPRR cho mot khoan cho vay sau khi phan loai khoan vay vao cac nhdm - (trir) di gia tri ciia tai san dam bao dugc danh gia lai X (nhan) ty le phai trich lap du phdng theo quy dinh ciia Quylt dinh 493/2005/QD- NHNN. Nhu vay quan ly va phan tich danh gia lai tai san bao dam la mot yeu ciu tit ylu cua quan tri kinh doanh tin dung ngan hang.
Trong he thdng Vietcombank, viec quan ly, danh gia, phan loai, du bao, canh bao vl danh muc tai san nhan lam dam bao tien vay khdng dugc lam thudng xuyen, chua cd tinh
he thdng ma chi dimg d mirc do kiem tra tren hd so phap ly, hoac kilm tra dk danh gia lai
tai san bao dam de dieu chinh gidi ban tin dung ddi vdi khach hang la doanh nghiep, hoac khi phan loai ng va trich lap DPRR. Vietcombank chi thuc sir chu y den tai san bao dam khi phai xir ly tai san ciia cac khoan ng xau.
Viec quan tri Vietcombank theo thdng le qudc te ma Vietcombank dang hudng tdi thi bat budc phai quan tri tdt danh muc tai san bao dam, de khi danh gia lai tai san bao dam diing tinh toan khoan tiln phai trich lap DPRR ddi vdi mgi khoan ng da dugc xep vao cac nhdm dugc chinh xac.
Thu hai, trong dilu kien mdi trudng kinh tl diy biin ddng phiic tap, mdi trudng phap ly
cua nin kinh tl Viet Nam chua ddng bd va thudng xuyen thay ddi da ludn lam gia tang nhimg nii ro cho bit ky khoan cho vay nao, thi viec cho vay cd tai san bao dam la mot lira chgn tdt, nhung nlu cd sir quan ly tot vl danh muc tai san bao dam la mot bien phap nang cao chit lugng cac khoan cho vay, ban ehl cac thit bai/tdn thit ciia Vietcombank trong tnrdng hgp cac khoan cho vay da qua ban va khach hang khdng tra dugc ng, budc Vietcombank phai xir ly tai san bao dam dl thu hdi ng.
Rd rang, chit lugng ciia tai san bao dam tai thdi dilm xir ly tai san bao dam cd tinh chit quyet dinh den ngudn thu hdi ng cua ngan hang.
Do vay, viec quan ly, danh gia phan tich danh muc tai san ma Vietcombank dang nhan lam bao dam tien vay la vd cimg can thilt va phai lam ngay tir bay gid.
Thu ba, trong thyc tien boat ddng cua cac NHTM tai Viet Nam da cho thiy ring, khi
ngan hang nam giir dugc quyen ddi vdi tai san thi kha nang thu hdi mot phin cac khoan ng tdn dgng tir ngudn xir ly tai san bao dam theo gia tri cua tai san bao dam la rit kha thi. Viec danh gia tai san bao dam khi Vietcombank ddng y nhan lam dam bao tien vay la het siic quan trgng, nhung viec xem xet danh gia tai san, nhin nhan ve gia tri ciia tai san trong vec quan ly tai san bao dam, cac chuan muc ve tai san da ed nhirng budc tien ban diu dl phuc vu cho viec xem xet, lira chon tai san bao dam, tuy nhien van la so khai. Mat khac, nlu qua tin tudng vao tai san bao dam de ra quyet dinh cap tin dung se rat nguy hilm, vi nguon hoan tra thir nhat dd la khach hang kinh doanh cd hieu qua de cd ddng tiln quay trd lai tra ng cho ngan hang mdi la muc dich tdi cao ciia tat ca cac ngan hang. Tuy nhien, viec tang cudng trach nhiem tra ng cua khach hang bang viec rang budc cd tai san bao dam la tdt ban.
Dl dam bao quyln truy ddi ng, Vietcombank phai coi biec hoan thien ho sa phap ly cua tai san bao dam doi vdi khoan cho vay la vin dl quylt djnh, day la mot van de ciia quan tri danh muc tai san bao dam. Bdi bit ky mot khoan cho vay nao bi chuyen sang trang thai ng xiu, thi cac can bg tin dung va cac cip quan ly phu trach tai Vietcombank phai lam ngay viec cimg cd hd sa phap ly cua khoan cho vay, ciing cd vl quyln ciia Vietcombank ddi vdi tai san bao dam.
Mot yeu ciu ddi vdi can bg tin dung la phai quan ly dugc tinh trang ciia tai san bao dam, kilm tra danh gia lai gia tri tai san bao dam va khi khoan cho vay giam chit lugng thi cd ngay cac bien phap img xir kip thdi. Tuy nhien cdng viec nay trong thdi gian qua thi hiu
hit cac Chi nhanh ca sd thudng bi xao nhang hoac lam liy le, chua ludng hit dugc hau qua phap ly khi tranh chip ve tai san.
Viec nhan tai san bao dam la quyln sir dung dit hoac tai san gin liln vdi dit, dac biet la viec xii ly phat mai la bet siic phirc tap. NIU khi nhan tai san bao dam, phin danh gia gia tri thuang mai ciia tai san gin liln vdi dit dl danh gia cao vl tai san thi sau nay trudng hgp ngan hang budc phai xu ly tai san bao dam se khd khan phirc tap va gia thi thu bdi thip. Mot vin de quan trgng khac, la phai xac dinh quyln sd hiru ciia khach hang vdi tai san, xac dinh ngudn vdn thuc sir la cua khach hang dl ludng trudc nhimg vin dl tranh chip phap ly vl sau ciia tai san bao dam ma Vietcombank nhan thi chip, cim cd do tinh minh bach ciia phap luat cdn thip. Lam tdt viec xac dinh quyln sd huu tai san ciia khach hang se giiip tranh dugc cac nii ro tiem an trong qua trinh phai xii ly tai san bao dam dl thu hdi ng. Ngoai ra, Vietcombank can cd mot bd phan theo ddi cac bien ddng vl ca ehl, vl quy hoach hay chinh sach ciia Nha nude lien quan den tai san bao dam, xir ly tai san bao dam de dinh hudng chi dao sat vdi tinh hinh thuc tien trong cac giai doan khac nhau.