Tri§u Tien Thvc L1,1c, Dai vua Songchong nam thfr S, cu6n 44.

I. Loi m<r d~u

5 Tri§u Tien Thvc L1,1c, Dai vua Songchong nam thfr S, cu6n 44.

6 Tri~u Tien Th1,1·c L1,1c, f><ri vua Chungchong nam thu 35.

7 Tri§u Tien Tht,rc L!tC, D<ri vua Kwoanhe nam thtr 9.

8 Kim-man The,<~.;:- o~ '?..! ~-~A~ ;z!7~ 0cf-'<f[Qua trinh phat tri~n ctia "Th~y b6i mu"

o

Hfm Qu6c]>, «~~

J-~ol] 1.1.9.1 ~::j::-.7-}[Nhiing nh6m ngu<ri trong lich sir Hfm Qu6c]» , Hoi Dan toe hQc Han Qu6c, 2008, tr.38.

3.2 "NgrrOi

mu

tl}ng kinh" trong

xa

h{>i Han Qu6c hi~n d~i

Trong khi n~n khoa hQc van minh phat tri~n ngay cang ml;lnh me thi nhfrng hol;lt d()ng nhu b6i toan, xem que v~ t\lng kinh cua nguai khi€m th! se d~n d~n khong con th!nh himh trong xa hQi nhu ngay xua, vai tro cua nguai khi~m thi trong ca.c hi~n tuQllg

tv·

nhien cling khong con nfra. Tuy v~y, ngay nay, nguai ta

vfin

duy tri nghi tht'rc tvng kinh cua nguai khi€m thi & m9t s6 noi trong Wm Qu6c nhu la tinh Chungchong, tinh Kangwon, d~c bi~t la h9i nguOi mu tl;li Han Qu6c hang niim c(r den ngay 28 thang 12 t~p trung ll;li d~ nang cao nhfrng kien thll'c v~ tt,mg kinh.

DSn tham diJ m9t bubi t1,1ng kinh cua nguai khi~m thi thi chUng ta m&i th~y hSt duqc

y

nghTa mang tinh nhan dl;lo sau s~c cua m9t tin ngu5ng dan gian da duqc hinh thanh tu lau dai

nay.

Nhfmg "Ngucri mu t\lng kinh" ngay nay kh6ng c~o trQc t6c nhu ngay xua nen kh6ng con gQi v6i cai ten Manh tang nda rna gQi la Manh nhan tl(Jc kinh [~A ~*~ xin duqc gQi la "Ngum mu 1\lng kinh"]. Tuy nhien

sb

luqng ngucri khi~m thi t\lng kinh theo hlnh thuc ngay xua con l~i kh6ng nhi~u va c6 chi~u hu6ng dang d:ln d:ln bi~n

mk

M{>t buAi tl}ng kinh ciia ngrrOi khi~m thj (y Seoul

Trong mqt bu6i 1\lng kinh c6 kho{mg

tu

3 d~n 7 nguoi Trong d6, c6 m9t ngum giu vai tro chinh gQi la Duang

chu[¥±-

ngum chu l~], m9t ngum danh trbng va nhung ngum con 1?-i cilng GQC kinh.

MQt buBi t1,1ng kinh d.u qu6c thai dan an t(li Bao tang Dan t()c Qu6c gia Him Qu6c (Hinh: Ng9c Cllm)

Nh6m t1,mg kinh thuemg 3 ho~c 7 ngucri, ngucri ngoai cl.ing ben trai Ia Du<mg chu, nguai ti6p theo danh tr6ng va

nhii'ng nguai con l~i cung dQC kinh. (Hinh: NgQC c§m)

Nhfrng ngm'Ji tham dl! trong bu6i tvng kinh da s6 la nhfrng nguai khi~m thi

Trong xa h<)i truy~n th6ng: khi

nguai

ta bi b~nh thi d§u tien nguai ta se tim d~n cac th5y d6ng

ho~c cac su mu d~ nh<'Y chfra tri. Nhung voi SIJ phat tri~n cua khoa h<;>c ngay nay, nhii"ng kiSu

chu·a b~nh nhu thS duqc coi Ia me tin di doan va ngu<'Yi dan ngay nay cung khong con tin vao

each chua b~nh d6 nfra, nhung hQ vftn t~p trung r~t nhi~u dS nghe tvng kinh. Day chinh Ia di~u

c6t loi d~ chung ta phai bao t6n duy tri nghi th(rc tfn nguong dan gian nay. Nghi thuc tt,mg kinh

da chua d!Jng m<)t

y

nghia nhan d<;1o, nhan van sau s~c.

Y

nghla d6 chinh Ia mang l<;1i ni~m tin,

niSm an ui, niSm vui trong cu(lc sbng cho nhfrng nguai khong may m~n khuy~t t~t vS thi giac trong xa hQi chung ta. Qua nhfrng ho<;1t d<)ng tt,mg kinh, nguai khi~m thi c6 duqc m<)t t~p th6 nhfrng ngtrai cung canh ngQ, hQ CO th6 cung nhau chia

Se

nhfrng di~U g~p phai trong CUQC s6ng.

Ni}i dung kinh

Kinh quan trQng nhftt trong nghi thuc "Ngum mu tl)ng kinh" la

Ng9c Xu kinh (::ff®

t~), m(>t lo~ kinh cua D<;1o giao. Ngoru ra con c6 cac kinh cua Ph~t giao nhu Bat Duong

kinh (/\~~), Thien ThQ kinh (f-;~t Quay day, chung ta thfty duqc m6i ien h~

giua nghi thuc N guai mu dQC kinh nay v6i D<;!O giao va Ph?t giao. Nhii'ng ho(;lt d(>ng cua cac

"Su

mu" n6i tren trong xa h(>i ngay xua cling c6 m6i ien h~ ch~t che v6i nhii'ng ho(;lt d(>ng cua cac d<;!O

si,

nhung m6i ien

M

nay di~n ra nhu th~ nao trong ljch

Slr

thi d6 vful con la m(>t vAn dS dn di sau tim hi~u nhiSu han nua.

3.3 Dijc tnrng cua "ngU'Oi mu tl}.ng kinh"

Nguai mu n,mg kinh khong c6 hinh thuc nMp thin hay xuAt thin cua Shaman giao ma dung lai kinh d€ dang len thin thitnh nhfrng di~u

du

nguy~n, mong mu6n cua con nguai. Lai kinh chfnh

Ja

cong Cl,l duy nh§t

a€

Jien }(;lC vai thin Jinh.

Nhu da n6i

a

tren, kinh quan trQng nhat trong Nguili mil l{mg kinh

Ia

Ng9c Xu kinh(.:f~~),

m9t lo:;ti kinh cua D<;w giao. Day Ia m(lt chi ti~t rAt quan trQng, cbung to Nguili mil t~;mg kinh c6 m6i quan h~ v&i D<;1o giao. Ngoai ra, ta con thAy nhi~u chi ti~t mang tinh D<;1o giao xuAt hi~n

trong nghi thuc tl,lng kinh cua nguai khi~m thj.

Nghi thuc tl)ng kinh cua nguai khi~m thi khac nhUng tin nguong k_Mc

a

ch6 khi ti~n hanh nghi thuc tl,lng kinh, nguai ta khong d€ nhiSu tranh tha, thuang chi Ia nhfrng tAm vai ho~c giay, gQi Ia M¥c vt (ill.§), tren nhfrng ml)c vi d6 c6 ghi ten nhfrng vi th§n cua f>:;to giao nhu Ia Thai Thu(J'flg D? Nhdt Ngl:f M?nh Thien Ton (::kJ:.~-ifmifJx!t), Tam Thien Tham Kinh Dc;w Ditc Thien T?n (- -=f~~~~x~)

...

Nhin vao anh ben tren ta cUng thfry c6 hinh anh m<)t c:t§u heo tren bfm cung. Nhu v~y Nguili mil l¥ng kinh c6 nhfrng anh huang cua D?o giao nhi~u han so v&i

Ph~t giao. TMm chi nhung nguai khi~m thi nay khi tl)ng kinh. d~u m~c trang ph1,1c mau xanh cua D<;1o giao. Trong kinh cua Nguili mil t1,mg kinh, ta con th~y c6 hinh anh nhfrng trang si th§n thong xu6ng b~t rna qui, gi6ng nhu hinh anh phep thu~t trong D:;to giao phu thuy. Hi~n nay, t<;1i

(::Ell£, )+~ 0~ <?..! ~7J <?:l.=t-.A} ~{j [Tai li~u nghien ClrU v~ "Ng11oi mil tt,mg kinh"

a

Soeul], tJl ~0~

<?..! Q:j C1 ~~[Hoi ng11ai mu Han Qu6c], 2007, tr.22.

qu~n Chong-lung Seoul c6 m()t Kinh tlurmg [Nai tvng kinh] gQi

Ia

Puk-ak tang.

0

gifra chinh

chr<Jng Ia tranh tn<J NgQc Hoang thuqng

dS

va cac vi Thien ton, trong d6 c6 Nguyen thuy thien

ton (5CPil3(~). Phd hoa Thien ton (~1t3(~) va hai ben

ta

hrru, m6i ben c6 tranh th<J cua 24 vi th§n thanh, t6ng c()ng 48 vi thanh.

Ban

tho

chinh, vj tri ngay giua Puk-ak du<rng,

a

giua Ia tranh NgQc Hoang Thuqng £>€ va cac vj Thien ton, hai ben

mbi ben 24 vj thful. (Hinh: NgQc CAm)

Ben tn'ti tho tliQ'IlgThich Ca Mau Ni, Quan Th~

Am

B6 Tat, phia sau c6 tranh tho cua cac cac vj 86 Tat khac va

nhiing moo d~ cua Ph~t gia. (Hinh: Ngoc Ciim)

Nhin nhfrng tranh ther (J day chOng ta da thfty dugc day h~u nhu Ia nhfrng

vi

thanh thAn trong

D~o giao. Di~u d6 ch(mg to r~ng Nguili

mu

I1Jng kinh c6 anh hucrng rftt nhi~u cua D~o giao.

K~t lu~n

Tin ngu6ng dan gian xu~t hi~n va t6n t~i trong moi truerng xa h<)i, do d6 n6 cling bi~n d6i theo moi tru<mg xa hQi. Co nhfrng hinh thirc m6i dugc nay sinh ho~c nhfrng hinh thuc khong phu h<Yp se mftt di. Trong truerng hgp Nguai

mu

t1:1ng kinh chinh Ia nhfrng hinh thuc khong phU hgp da mAt di. hinh thirc t1,lllg kinh ngay nay Ia m<)t SIJ tlwc hi~n nhu d.u tfp. ngu6ng, thiJc hi~n

SIJ giai toa tam lY,

lt

nhftt nghi thtrc nay Cling lam cho nguai khi~m thj thfty an ui han trong CUQC

s6ng, thfty cu<)c s6ng vui han, c6

y

nghia han. Tfnh nhan van cua tin ngu6ng dan gian mly la

di~u ko th~ phU nh~n. Vi v~y, cAn phai c6 nhfrng bi~n phap hii'u hi~u d€ bao t6n tin ngu6ng dan gian nay.

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Một phần của tài liệu NGHIÊN CỨU VỀ HÀN QUỐC HỌC Ở HÀN QUỐC VÀ VIỆT NAM (Trang 84 -96 )