... plainly stated intent and the whole point of utilitarianism Singer does not wish to increase but to decrease suffering by maximizing the satisfaction of interests “Singer is in favor of increasing ... follows a long-standing and respected moral tradition of weighing harms and benefits in order to determine what one ought to Each of us weighs options in life, and the interests and pleasures we ... Summary Singer is a preference utilitarian For Singer, moral standing is rooted in having interests; interests are the basis of individual preferences He rejects actual equality in favor of equal...
... creatures of every kind: cattle and creeping things and wild animals of the earth of every kind.” And it was so God made the wild animals of the earth of every kind, and the cattle of every kind, and ... thesis, including the practices of anymal sacrifice and eating flesh, and the biblical concept of dominion Finally, Linzey examines the New Testament, focusing on the life of Christ as a model of exemplary ... creatures of God Linzey asserts that a good and loving God must remain morally responsible for and invested in every sentient being: “[A] redeeming God could not eschew the sighing and suffering of all...
... tuberculosis involving three different areas of the body, namely the skin, knee and the lungs Involvement of the musculoskeletal system in tuberculosis in seen in 1% to 3% of cases and the most ... harbor the infection are the vertebra, hip and the knee joints [2] The incidence of pulmonary TB with concurrent skin or skeletal TB is in the range of 50% to 65% of infections [3] Looking at the ... reports of TB monoarthritis of the knee leading to the diagnosis of multisystem tuberculosis (after much delay) have been reported in literature In many of these instances, the Page of initial...
... in introducing loan words into the plane of the narrative discourse For instance, the seven pages of glossary in Heartland, and the five pages in A Kite in the Evening Sky (1989), a novella of ... sixties and seventies Robert Yeo in an article, “The Use of Varieties of English in Singapore Writing” notes: One of the tasks of the writer can therefore be seen as that of reflecting and using ... emptiness, and finally an immobility, the like of which he had sought for in vain, washed and caressed every pore and entered and remained in his flesh (1) Hung experiences the profound peace of...
... evening of dinner and dancing in support of HSFM Benefit dinners are great for rewarding employees and for promoting their work in the community To save costs, try to organize the dinner within ... that organizations donating a gift -in- kind provide an invoice stating the value (not cost) of the item as of the date of the donation A gift -in- kind does not include a gift of service Can sponsorship ... difference in the lives of thousands of Manitobans affected by heart disease and stroke Assist us in raising awareness and funds by hosting your own Live Red fundraiser in support of the Heart and Stroke...
... troponin T (TNNT2), alpha-tropomyosin (TPM1), cardiac troponin I (TNNI3), and myosin binding protein C3 (MYBPC3) genes were sequenced as reported [29,30] Genotyping of the serotonin and angiotensin ... L: Involvement of the serotonin 5-HT2B receptor in cardiac hypertrophy linked to sympathetic stimulation: control of interleukin6, interleukin-1 beta, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha cytokine ... ONTARGET/TRANSCEND Investigators Effects of telmisartan, ramipril, and their combination on left ventricular hypertrophy in individuals at high vascular risk in the Ongoing Telmisartan Alone andin Combination...
... Exposure of the human body to aluminium may be by food [1–8] including drinking water, fruit juices wine and beer [9–11], articles of daily use that are made of aluminium, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals ... meals and determined that food of plant origin (n = 283) had significantly higher aluminium content than food of animal origin (n = 163) In a study of Treier [28], an aluminium intake of less ... contents of aluminium in beverages in aluminium cans Modern beer kegs and draught installations are made of stainless steel with plastic pipes Accordingly, aluminium concentrations of less than...
... settings employing ZnO NPs, and demonstrate that ZnO NPs are capable of inducing at least some key components ofin ammation The ability of ZnO NPs to induce proinflammatory cytokine expression in ... NPs fail to induce TNF-a at concentrations exceeding those used in this study [40, 44] In addition, no changes in other cytokines and chemokines including IL-6, G-CSF, MIP-2, CXCL10, and CCL2 were ... cells/mL in RPMI-1640 (Sigma), containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and cultured at 37° C and 5% CO2 Isolation and Culture of Primary CD14? Monocytes and CD4? T cells PBMC were obtained by...
... defines “intrinsic” thus: “belonging to the essential nature or constitution of a thing.” And it defines “inherent” thus: “involved in the constitution or essential character of something intrinsic.” ... discussed in more depth shortly Term Moral Standing Moral standing indicates those individuals that moral agents must respect in certain separately determined ways In Western countries all human beings ... moral standing Moral standing distinguishes entities that moral agents must treat with “minimum standards of acceptable behaviour” (Warren 13) Entities who hold moral standing gain a certain moral...
... understand and appreciate the minds and feelings of anymals? The epistemological difficulties inherent in human assessments of anymals must remain at the center of any discussion of other species and ... but incorrect information can be misleading Diligence in exploring and incorporating information from outside the field of ethics is critical to sound morality A host of disciplines shape individual ... characteristics of neurons and synapses are roughly the same [T]he brains of small whales, dolphins and porpoises are close in size to those of human beings, both absolutely andin relation to size of...
... Regrettably, Taylor indicates, this is sometimes necessary He points to the hunting of whales and seals in the Arctic and the hunting of wild goats and sheep in mountainous regions In these cases,” ... of Life; the view of nature as a system of interdependence of which we, along with all other living things, are integral parts; and our awareness of the reality of the lives of individual organisms ... arguments in support of the notion of inherent worth, the existence and nature of inherent worth are controversial and complicated Different scholars offer different viewpoints (and often refer to inherent...
... themselves in every other living being, and to see every other living being in themselves Inasmuch as Indians see God in humanity, they must also find the divine in anymals “Hindu belief in the cycle of ... forms of tigers and lions and deer, of wolves and bears and birds, fowls andof jackals as well He it is that assumes the forms of swans and crows and peacocks, of chameleons and lizards and storks” ... in a vision of St Julian of Norwich: He showed me a little thing, the quantity of an hazel-nut in the palm of my hand; and it was round as a ball I looked upon with eye of my understanding, and...
... living beings I must rescue, from the terrors of birth, of old age, of sickness, of death and rebirth, of all kinds of moral offence, of all states of woe, of the whole cycle of birth -and- death ... understand in the alternation of night and day, andin the gracious rain God sends from heaven to renew the face of the parched earth, andin the veering of the winds” (Qur"an 45:1–6) “Muslim thinkers ... resulting in the absence of a major portion of the brain, skull, and scalp Infants with this disorder are born without a forebrain (the front part of the brain) and a cerebrum (the thinking and...
... with this in mind Yet “hunting is considered to be the main factor in the extinction threat of 28% of bird species and 29% of mammal species The objectives of hunting are varied, and include food, ... determinants of moral standing such as “having an interest” and “sentience.” Recall Regan’s clarification of two distinctive types of “interest,” active and passive, such that the good of an entity ... source and ultimate means of self-preservation In Spinoza’s writing, conatus is a natural and virtuous pathway to happiness, power, understanding, and the knowledge of God (Spinoza IV, XXV) For Spinoza,...
... demand the same response to other dwindling species Rather than captive breeding, a long-standing ethic of minimizing interference and minimizing harm would likely have assured the continuance of ... pesticides, and fertilizers in the process of growing feed for cattle Consuming anymal parts is inefficient and environmentally damaging: [Ninety] percent of the protein, 99 percent of the carbohydrate, and ... hides have often suffered the horrors of exploitation in the dairy and flesh industries before their skin becomes leather Of course cattle are not the only victims of the clothing industry In considerably...
... Expanding review and future directions 503 moral standing to include other life-forms is inevitable Even if we exclude certain human beings, and even if we fail to protect human beings in certain ... human beings avoiding death, 34 in icting pain on each other, 82 innate bias of, 410 investigations by, 41 limitations of, 503 meaning of, 127 morality of, 43, 44, 80, 85, 453 reasons for having ... 416 India, 29, 69, 345, 356, 456 See also Buddhism; Hinduism cattle in, 315 Gandhi, 313 indigenous peoples of, 293, 294, 298 reincarnation in, 311 indigenous peoples aborigine, 293 Ainu, 299 Andean,...
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