Thể chế quản lý nhà nước đối với giáo dục đại học ở việt nam hiện nay TT TIẾNG ANH

MINISTRY OF TRAINING AND EDUCATION MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS NATIONAL ACADEMY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PHAM THI HANH PHUONG THE INSTITUTIONS OF STATE MANAGEMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN VIET NAM AT PRESENT Specialization: Public Management Code : 34 04 03 SUMMARY OF THE DOCTORAL DISSERTATION HA NOI, 2021 The doctoral dissertation was completed at: National Academy of Public Administration Supervisors: Assoc.Prof.Dr Tran Thi Dieu Oanh; Dr Nguyen Duc Cuong Reviewer 1: ………………………………………………… ………………………………………………… Reviewer 2: ………………………………………………… ………………………………………………… Reviewer 3: ………………………………………………… ………………………………………………… The doctoral dissertation is defended before the Doctoral Dissertation Assessment Council at the institutional level Venue: Room for Doctoral Dissertation Defense ……, National Academy of Public Administration 77, Nguyen Chi Thanh, Dong Da, Ha Noi Time: At: On: (day) (month), 2021 The doctoral dissertation can be found at: - National Library of Vietnam; - Library of the National Academy of Public Administration LIST OF PUBLICATIONS Pham Thi Hanh Phuong (2020), Orientations for the completion of the institutions of state management of higher education in Viet Nam at present, Journal of Education and Society, Issue 6/2020 Pham Thi Hanh Phuong (2020), State Management of higher education, State Management Review, Issue 299, December 2020 INTRODUCTION Necessity of the research Institutions shape the framework for human relations and identify the scheme for enforcement and the limits of the relationships between the involved parties They are the common will of society as a whole in establishing order, rules, constraints, and shared standards and values A country or a territory, regardless of levels of development, is directly or indirectly governed by institutions The role of institutions in development in general and in higher education in particular has been widely recognized Higher education as an educational level assumes a key task of provision of quality human resources for manufactures to produce material and spiritual wealth for society After more than 70 years since the August Revolution in 1945, the cause of education in general and higher education in particular has gained great achievements of which the most important is provision of human resources for Viet Nam, a decisive factor of the victory of the struggle for national liberation and socialism construction These achievements are resulted from the institutionalization of the Party's viewpoints on higher education and promulgation of state management documents on higher education such as the 2013 Constitution, the 2019 Education Law, the 2012 Law on Higher Education (amended in 2018) and guiding documents, which provides a basis for formation of a mechanism of state management of higher education The institutions of state management of higher education which exist in a synchronization and consistency with other legal documents in the system of institutions have mobilized all resources for higher education development and improved the effectiveness of State investment They have renovated state management and university governance, allowed the training management to approach the international standards to develop higher education in the direction of standardization, modernization, democratization, and non-state actors' involvement They also create conditions for higher education establishments to compete equally, promote their internal resources, flexibility and creativity to improve the quality of higher education However, in the current context of renovation and deep international integration, higher education in our country has revealed its weaknesses and inadequacies It has lagged behind far from one in other countries in the region and in the world The development of higher education has not been commensurate with the development of the economy In addition, the "division of roles and responsibilities" and the implementation of the function of higher education state management and university governance are "problematic"; there have been barriers caused by "blocks" and "bottlenecks" of the institutions of autonomy, the capacity, and mode of university governance Other problems occur in the under- jurisdiction-formulation of policies for higher education development and in the state authorities' directing, guiding, and organizing the implementation of the legislation and policies on higher education They also exist when resources, mechanisms, administration are not compatible; when ambiguity of the state management of higher education establishments, the model and organizational structure of higher education institutions affects the internationalization of Vietnamese higher education; when duplication in the regulations for management mechanism, governance reduced effectiveness and efficiency of the administration, linkages and synergy between universities In the context of the rapid development of the fourth industrial revolution, Vietnamese higher education is facing many difficulties and challenges In particular, the biggest barrier is that the institutions of state management of higher education have not met the requirements of renovation to "unleash" higher education for development There are many reasons of these problems, including the weaknesses and inadequacies in the institutions of state management of higher education Therefore, completion of the state management institution of higher education to mobilize all resources for higher education development; renovation of state management; renovation of university governance and training management to approach the international standards and develop higher education in the direction of standardization, modernization, democratization, non-state actors' involvement; create conditions for higher education establishments to compete equally, promote their internal resources, flexibility and creativity to improve the quality of higher education are seen as a lever to develop Vietnamese education, a breakthrough to create a comprehensive renovation of higher education, contributing to improvement of the quality of education in general and higher education in particular Based on consideration of the above-mentioned reasons, the author chose the topic "The institutions of state management of higher education in Viet Nam at present" for the doctoral dissertation in Public Administration Research objectives and tasks 2.1 Research objectives The doctoral dissertation aims to identify the viewpoints and propose solutions to complete the institutions of state management of higher education based on clarifying theoretical issues of the institutions of state management of higher education and assessing the current situation of the institutions of state management of higher education in Viet Nam in recent years 2.2 Research tasks - To systematize and generalize the research results of the domestic and overseas research works related to the topic of the dissertation, thereby identifying the issues to be inherited and those to be further studied - To clarify the theoretical basis of the institutions of state management of higher education through studying the connotations and denotation of the related concepts such as institutions, institutions of state management, institutions of state management of higher education; through analyzing the characteristics, content, and role of the institutions of state management of higher education; and identifying the components of and the factors influencing the institutions of state management of higher education - To analyze and assess the current situation of the institutions of state management of higher education; point out the achievements, weaknesses and reasons of weaknesses which will provide a basis for proposing solutions to complete the institutions of state management of higher education in Viet Nam - To justify the necessity to complete the institutions of state management of higher education in Viet Nam at present to meet the requirements of international integration; on that basis, to identify the direction and propose solutions to complete the institutions of state management of higher education in the coming time Research object and scope 3.1 Research object The research object of the doctoral dissertation is the theoretical and practical issues of the institutions of state management of higher education in Viet Nam at present 3.2 Research scope - Content scope: The doctoral dissertation studies the institutions of state management of higher education from two aspects: the system of legal normative documents on state management of higher education and the mechanism of state management of higher education in Viet Nam (consisting of the Government, the Ministry of Education and Training, ministries/agencies, provincial-level People's Committees, provincial Departments of Education and Training) - Space scope: Nationwide - Time scope: Since the Law on Higher Education in 2012 took effect Methodology and research methods 4.1 Methodology The doctoral dissertation is based on the dialectical materialism, historical materialism, basic principles of Marxism – Leninism, and President Ho Chi Minh's thought on education; the viewpoints of the Communist Party of Viet Nam and the laws on higher education 4.2 Research methods Based on the dialectical materialism and historical materialism, the doctoral dissertation used specific methods such as the systems method, analysis, synthesis, comparison, linking theory with practice, and other methods to present scientific knowledge related to the institutions of state management of higher education Besides the traditional methods, the dissertation applied specialized approaches of public management, historical approach, systems approach, multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary approach of the humanities and social sciences; interdisciplinary method of administrative sciences and legal sciences Scientific hypotheses and research questions 5.1 Scientific hypothesis The institutions of state management of higher education in Viet Nam have been shaped but incomplete In response to changes in society and requirements of the administrative reforms and international integration, the institutions of state management of higher education have revealed inadequacies and weaknesses concerning theoretical issues and practice of the regulations and the management mechanism The completion of the institutions of state management of higher education in Viet Nam is an urgent issue to promote the achievements and overcome the weaknesses of the institutions of state management of higher education 5.2 Research questions - What is the nature of the institutions of state management of higher education? How does the institutions of state management of higher education play its role in higher education? What factors influence the development and implementation of the institutions of state management of higher education? - What are the weaknesses of the institutions of state management of higher education in terms of legal provisions and mechanism in our country? - What viewpoints should the completion of the institutions of state management of higher education in Viet Nam be based on? What are solutions to complete the institutions of state management of higher education in Viet Nam? New contributions of the doctoral dissertation Firstly, the doctoral dissertation provided scientific arguments on the connotations of the concepts of institutions, institutions of state management which served as a basis for the theoretical issues of the institutions of state management of higher education Secondly, using convincing arguments, the doctoral dissertation analyzed two components of the institutions of state management of higher education which are the legal provisions for state management of higher education and the mechanism of state management of higher education Thirdly, based on studying the current situation of the institutions of state management of higher education and the implementation over the past time, the doctoral dissertation provided an overall picture and scientific, practice-based assessment of the institutions of state management of higher education Fourthly, the doctoral dissertation developed viewpoints on the completion of the institutions of state management of higher education in our country at present and proposed solutions to further complete the institutions of state management of higher education Theoretical and practical significance of the doctoral dissertation 7.1 Theoretical significance of the doctoral dissertation The doctoral dissertation is a comprehensive, systematic research work on the institutions of state management of higher education in both theoretical and practical aspects It contributes to the supplement and development of the theoretical issues of the institutions of state management of higher education 7.2 The practical significance of the doctoral dissertation The doctoral dissertation can be used as a reference for policy makers, legislators, managers in formulating, promulgating and implementing policies and strategies for education and training in general and higher education in particular The structure of the doctoral dissertation In addition to the introduction, conclusion, and references, the doctoral dissertation is structured into four chapters: Chapter 1: Literature review of the related research works Chapter 2: Theoretical bases of the institutions of state management of higher education Chapter 3: The current situation of the institutions of state management of higher education in Viet Nam Chapter 4: Completing the institutions of state management of higher education in Viet Nam at present Chapter LITERATURE REVIEW OF THE RELATED RESEARCH WORKS 1.1 Literature review of the institutions 1.1.1 Overseas research works Books have been published: “Toward a Comparative Institutional Analysis”; “Institutions and Social Conflict”; “Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance” 1.1.2 Domestic research works Domestic research works on institutions are published in monographs, doctoral dissertations, ministerial-level research projects, and articles 1.2 Research works on state management of higher education 1.2.1 Overseas research works Typical research works on state management of higher education are published in monographs, doctoral dissertations, and reports 1.2.2 Domestic research works Domestic research works on state management of higher education are published in monographs, doctoral dissertations, articles in specialized journals 1.3 Research works on the institutions of state management of higher education 1.3.1 Overseas research works Books have been published: "The Law of Higher Education, 5th Edition"; "The Idea of The University "; "Trends in Global Higher Education: Tracking an Academic Revolution" 1.3.2 Domestic research works Domestic research works have been published in articles, workshop proceedings, and doctoral dissertations 1.4 Review of the research works related to the doctoral dissertation 1.4.1 The issues studied The published research works have generally presented viewpoints and concepts related to institutions, state management of higher education, role of the State in higher education, institutions of state management of higher education governing specific objects such as graduate schools or ministry's schools The research results of the above-mentioned works have provided inputs, research methods, and approaches which could be applied in a number of contents of the doctoral dissertation 1.4.2 The issues not studied How the "rules of the game" and "players of the game" in the state management of higher education are mentioned in the legal documents and dealt with by the state management agencies has not been clarified The published research works have mentioned the legal issues of the state management of higher education but have not clarified the interplay between the components of the institutions of state management of higher education 1.4.3 The issues to be studied in the doctoral dissertation First, clarifying the theoretical bases of the institutions of state management of higher education Second, assessing the current situation of the institutions of state management of higher education in our country Third, identifying direction and proposing solutions to complete the institutions of state management of higher education in Viet Nam in the coming time Conclusion of Chapter In Chapter 1, the doctoral dissertation reviewed various domestic and overseas research works related to the institutions of state management of higher education The literature review revealed that theoretical and practical issues of the institutions of state management of higher education have been studied in different aspects at different levels in domestic and overseas research works which, in general, provided good inputs for the author to study the topic of the doctoral dissertation However, there have been no research works which focused solely on the institutions of state management of higher education Therefore, many theoretical and practical issues related to the institutions of state management of higher education have not been completely studied The doctoral dissertation, on the one hand, identified the values of the published research works that can be inherited and developed, and on the other hand conducted research on new issues, aiming to provide solid scientific bases for the solutions to complete the institutions of state management of higher education in the context of international integration and building a socialist rule-of-law state, a state of the people, by the people, and for the people in Viet Nam at present Chapter THE THEORETICAL BASES OF THE INSTITUTIONS OF STATE MANAGEMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION 2.1 Conception of the institutions of state management of higher education 2.1.1 Concept and characteristics of higher education There has been no official definition of higher education; however, according to Clause 1, Article 6, Law amending and supplementing a number of articles of the Law on Higher Education in 2018, higher education is a form of education after the school education, consisting of Bachelor, Master, and Doctor training levels Compared with other levels of education, higher education has the following characteristics: First, higher education is advanced training; higher education has the mission of training experts who has a profession; that means university graduates must have capability to work in a certain profession and meet the requirements of society Second, higher education is the next level of but fundamentally distinct from school education Compared to school education, higher education creates new, essential development; especially, it provides a qualification and methods of creative thinking Third, higher education is an environment that nurtures and stimulates creativity, equality in communication, contact, dialogue, discussion, and debate on academic, professional and ideological issues 2.1.2 State management of higher education 2.1.2.1 Concept and characteristics State management of higher education is an intervention on higher education activities which is organized, regulated by state power in accordance with the laws, and conducted by state agencies at central and local levels that perform the functions and tasks authorized by the State to develop the cause of education and training, maintain order and discipline, meet the requirements of improving people's knowledge, train human resources and discover talents, satisfy the people's demand for learning, implement the educational and training goals set by the State to meet the requirements of national development The concept of state management of higher education is characterized with three elements of subject, object, and goal 2.1.2.2 Trends of state management of higher education First, state management of higher education in the trend of university autonomy Second, internal and external influences on higher education establishments Third, influence of the market factors 2.1.3 Concept, characteristics, and role of the institutions of state management of higher education 2.1.3.1 Concept and characteristics of the institutions of state management of higher education The concept of "institution" is seen in a broad sense in the doctoral dissertation Accordingly, the institutions of state management of higher education consists of a system of legal provisions promulgated by competent state agencies and a state administrative mechanism implementing the legal provisions for higher education to meet the requirements and goals of higher education This concept allows to identify the characteristics of the institutions of state management of higher education, specifically: Firstly, the institutions of state management of higher education is an integral part of the institutions of state management of education and training in general Secondly, the institutions of state management of higher education is unified and consists of two components which are the system of legal normative documents and the mechanism of state management of higher education Thirdly, in the context of the market economy, the institutions of state management of higher education management are formed on the basis of changes and establishment of new functions of the actors participating in the higher education process 2.1.3.2 Role of the institutions of state management of higher education First, develop a legal environment, prevents and handles violations of the law in higher education Second, build an organizational structure and a mechanism of state management of higher education and make it operate consistently and effectively Third, contribute to the improvement of the quality of higher education 2.2 Components of the institutions of state management of higher education 2.2.1 Legislation on state management of higher education 2.2.1.1 Concept and characteristics Legislation on state management of higher education is a system of legal norms promulgated and guaranteed for enforcement by the State to govern social relations arising in the process of organization and operation of higher education These legal norms consist of regulations on organization of higher education establishments; on tasks, powers and position of higher education in the national education system; on training levels, types and scale of higher education; on activities in training, scientific and technological research; on quality assurance and accreditation of higher education; on investment in higher education; on international cooperation in higher education Legislation on state management of higher education has the following characteristics: First, legislation on state management of higher education includes regulations governing relations in the field of higher education in order to improve the quality of higher education, expand and develop higher education, contributing to the realization of educational development goals and the building of a country which has rich people, a strong nation, democratic, fair, civilized society Second, the objects governed by the legislation on state management of higher education consists of three groups 2.2.1.2 Contents of the legislation on state management of higher education First, regulations on organization and operation of higher education establishments Second, regulations on the mechanism of state management of higher education establishments Third, regulations on inspection and examination of higher education Fourth, regulations on complaints and denunciations, settlement of complaints and denunciations related to the organization and operation of higher education establishments Fifth, regulations on handling violations of the law in higher education 2.2.2 Mechanism of state management of higher education Mechanism of state management of higher education is a system of agencies organized and operating according to common and unified principles, in a synchronous manner to perform the tasks and functions of the state management of higher education 2.3 Factors influencing the institutions of state management of higher education 2.3.1 Awareness factor People are always the decisive factor in the development and implementation of institutions in general and the institutions of state management of higher education in particular If people have a proper awareness of the organization and operation of higher education establishments as well as of the state management of higher education, quality of higher education is ensured and vice versa 2.3.2 Political factors The viewpoints of the Party guide the formulation of higher education policies which are "the system of the state's views and goals of education, directions and solutions to realize these goals in a certain period of development of the country” 2.3.3 Economic factors A dynamic, sustainable economy creates favorable conditions for the development and implementation of the institutions of state management of higher education 2.3.4 Factor of international integration International integration and globalization have become a common trend of the times The education system of each country is facing pressures on quality, on being left behind in terms of quality, and on implementation of the international commitments on education 2.3.5 Legislative and regulatory capacity Legislation in general and legislation on state management of higher education are made in response to requirements in society and based on the reality in society Legislators are required to be aware of the issues arising in the reality and those issues that need to be regulated when making laws on higher education 2.4 The institutions of state management of higher education in selected countries and implications for Viet Nam 2.4.1 The institutions of state management of higher education in selected countries 2.4.1.1 China China pays attention to the renovation of the national education system, including the renovation of higher education and professional secondary education 2.4.1.2 Japan Japan's achievements in education, especially in higher education, are an example for many countries to follow Japan has invested in people through education to overcome the difficulties caused by unfavorable natural conditions 2.4.1.3 South Korea Higher education is seen to make a great contribution to Korea's economic development It is mainly provided by the private sector, which is different from many countries in the world 2.4.1.4 Unites States United States has the most developed education in the world Its higher education system is very diverse to satisfy learners’ needs and growths in both quantity and quality 2.4.1.5 Thailand Thailand focuses on service delivery and promotes mass higher education It introduced the American model of community college in the 1970s and has enhanced its position in Southeast Asia and in the world 2.4.2 Implications for Viet Nam - The administrative and academic management of higher education establishments become complicated if the higher education system develops on a large scale with a fast speed and has many disciplines and specializations - Academics are the soul of higher education establishments - Promulgation of a regulation for school councils is a precondition for accelerating the process of granting autonomy with conditions to universities - Strengthening the management and supervision of newly created higher education establishments and newly opened training programs Conclusion of Chapter In Chapter 2, the doctoral dissertation covered the following contents: First, the doctoral dissertation provided key concepts related to the topic namely, higher education, state management of higher education, institutions of state management of higher education It analyzed characteristics and role of the institutions of state management of higher education Second, based on the clarified concepts, the doctoral dissertation analyzed the two components of the institutions of state management of higher education which are the system of legal provisions for state management of higher education and the mechanism of state management of higher education Third, the doctoral dissertation clarified the factors influencing the institutions of state management of higher education as well as the conditions ensuring the institutions of state management of higher education, which provided a basis for identifying solutions to complete the institutions of state management of higher education Fourth, the doctoral dissertation studied experience of selected countries and highlighted implications for Viet Nam in completing the institutions of state management of higher education Chapter THE CURRENT SITUATION OF THE INSTITUTIONS OF STATE MANAGEMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN VIET NAM 3.1 Overview of higher education in Viet Nam 3.1.1 Achievements of higher education in Viet Nam Firstly, Vietnamese higher education has entered international integration and approached the international standards In the past years, Vietnamese education has been transformed quickly and rigorously, approached the international standards which has been proved through the quality accreditation of higher education and university rankings Secondly, Vietnamese higher education has made breakthrough through fundamental changes in quality The State and society have increasingly paid attention to the quality of higher A culture of quality has been gradually formed in higher education establishments Thirdly, higher education trains and nurtures talents The Ministry of Education and Training requests universities to actively implement advanced, high-quality talent training programs to train talents in addition to standard training programs 3.1.2 Weaknesses of Vietnamese higher education The doctoral dissertation pointed out the weaknesses of Vietnamese higher education, specifically: First, it is related to vision; Second, it is about the institutional and governance framework; Third, the weaknesses is revealed in financial aspects; Fourth, it is weaknesses in quality assurance; Fifth, the weaknesses are related to training programs; Sixth, it is training methods; Seventh, the method of assessing students in higher education establishments has many shortcomings; Eighth, the physical facilities are not as required; Ninth, the weaknesses are related to the teaching staff 3.2 The reality of the institutions of state management of higher education 3.2.1 The reality of the legislation on higher education 3.2.1.1 Legal provisions on organization and operation of higher education establishments Legal provisions on organization and operation of higher education establishments include regulations on the procedures for establishing higher education establishments, regulations on enrollment, regulations on governance including content of governance, objects under governance, governance scheme, training programs, and so on 3.2.1.2 Legal provisions on mechanism of state management of higher education establishments According to the existing Law on Higher Education, the mechanism of state management of higher education establishments composes of the Government, the Ministry of Education and Training, other ministries that have affiliated higher education establishments, People's Committees of provinces and centrally-run cities in which academies and universities are located 3.2.1.3 Legal provisions on inspection and examination of higher education Education inspectors exercise the right to inspect within the scope of state management of education and training to ensure law enforcement, promote positive factors, prevent and handle violations, and protect the interests of the State, legitimate rights and interests of organizations and individuals in the field of education 3.2.1.4 Legal provisions on complaints, denunciations, and settlement of complaints and denunciations related to organization and operation of higher education establishments Complaints in higher education institutions are often related to training, specifically to enrollment, academic results, and scholarship policy Denunciations in higher education are mainly related to the two aspects of public duty and task performance and violations of the law on education 3.2.1.5 Legal provisions on handling violations of the law in higher education The existing Law on Higher Education has provisions on handling violations in higher education with sanctions on limiting the autonomy of the higher education establishments if there are violations 3.2.2 The reality of the mechanism of state management of higher education 3.2.2.1 The system of state management agencies for higher education Education in general and higher education in particular is an important field in society, which is of primary concern of the Party, the State and society The state management of higher education is performed by a system of competent state agencies 3.2.3.2 The contingent of cadres, civil servants, and public employees involved in higher education management Cadres, civil servants, and public employees involved in higher education management are responsible for the successful implementation of higher education programs; for planning, organizing, and formulating higher education strategies as well as mobilizing resources for the organization 3.3 Assessment of the institutions of state management of higher education 3.3.1 Achivements First, the Party and the State have always paid attention to development and promulgation of strategies, planning, plans, and policies for higher education development Second, the system of legal normative documents on higher education is continuously developed and supplemented Third, the system of state management agencies for higher education including specialized agencies has been long established and is increasingly strengthened and completed Reasons of achievements First, it is the attention and timely leadership of the Party and the State in state management of higher education; Second, the heads of higher education establishments are getting better aware of the role of the institutions of state management of higher education in the development of national education and higher education; Third, the state management agencies for higher education have enhanced their responsibility in the performance of public duties, which is also the reason for full and timely implementation of the institutions of state management of higher education; Fourth, there is an increase in interest and demand in society for the quality of higher education, especially in the context of democratization and wider non-state actors' involvement in education and higher education 3.3.2 Weaknesses - Weaknesses of strategic thinking, formulation and implementation of strategies and policies for higher education development - Weaknesses of the legal framework for state management of higher education - A lack of uniformity of the legal framework for autonomy of higher education establishments - Weaknesses of the mechanism of state management of higher education Reasons of weaknesses: First, the weaknesses of the current institutions of state management of higher education in Viet Nam are partly resulted from the legacies of the previous management system Second, the capacity of the actors of state management of higher education has not really met the requirements Third, renovation in higher education in Viet Nam has not received the proper attention it deserves, considering the position and importance of higher education in the national education system Fourth, state management and governance activities in higher education establishments are not clear defined and differentiated Fifth, the public funding and investment of families in education are still low compared to the requirements Conclusion of Chapter The institutions of state management of higher education have been gradually improved The mindset of higher education management has been renewed in the direction of quality management with specific steps and in line with practical requirements The institutions of state management of higher education have been developed to ensure the necessary conditions for the quality of higher education Higher education in our country is expanding its scale and diverse in types of establishments and training formats, making contributions to the development of the country However, the institutions of state management of higher education have revealed many weaknesses and inadequacies which are posing an urgent need for scientific, feasible solutions to complete the institutions of state management of higher education in Viet Nam at present in both terms of legal provisions and organizations (state management agencies) Chapter COMPLETING THE INSTITUTIONS OF STATE MANAGEMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN VIET NAM AT PRESENT 4.1 Viewpoints and requirements for completing the institutions of state management of higher education 4.1.1 Viewpoints and requirements for completing the institutions of state management of higher education in Viet Nam 4.1.1.1 The completion of the institutions of state management of higher education should be based on the Party and the State's viewpoints and guidelines on educational development and higher education The Party's key viewpoints and guidelines stated in the Party's documents on educational development in the new period should be institutionalized in legal documents on higher education 4.1.1.2 The completion of the institutions of state management of higher education should focus on concretization and development of regulations for higher education in the existing legislation on education Promulgation of legal normative documents is one of the key activities of the State which is imbued with creativity and aims to create a management tool of legal normative documents The institutions of state management of higher education in general and the legislation on higher education in particular are the State's tool, developed and guaranteed for implementation by the State 4.1.1.3 The completion of the institutions of state management of higher education should be in line with the overall system of state institutions The completion of the institutions of state management of higher education should be conducted in a synchronous, unified manner and ensure compatibility with other components of the overall system of state institutions 4.1.1.4 The completion of the institutions of state management of higher education should be in line with the trend of higher education development in the country and in the world Transformation in higher education is taking place globally given globalization and international economic integration, leaps in the scientific and technological revolution in the twenty first century 4.1.2 Requirements for completing the institutions of state management of higher education - Meet the objective requirements for strengthening state management by law Strengthening state management by law aims to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the state management agencies for higher education at both central and local levels and to establish a system of state management agencies for higher education at all levels, ensuring no overlap in authority and mandates - Meet the requirements for providing high-quality human resources for the country's development in the context of international integration Improving the quality of higher education requires synchronous and consistent implementation of solutions which include definition of goals and strategic visions for higher education, policy formulation, institution completion, making plans, and preparation of human resources - Meet the requirements for fundamental and comprehensive renovation of higher education in Viet Nam Renovate higher education fundamentally and comprehensively; make fundamental changes in quality, effectiveness, and scale of education Meet the requirements of the cause of industrialization and modernization of the country, international economic integration Meet people's demand for learning - Meet the requirements for regional and international integration of Vietnamese higher education The institutions of state management of higher education should be completed to meet the requirements for development of a modern, internationalized higher education and based on lessons learnt from experience and models of university governance of the countries which have advanced and modern education 4.2 Solutions to complete the institutions of state management of higher education in Viet Nam at present 4.2.1 Solutions related to awareness and mindset In order to improve the quality of Vietnamese higher education towards standardization and internationalization, first of all, it is necessary to raise awareness of higher education and change the mindset of state management of higher education, to build a philosophy of development of Vietnamese higher education in the new context State agencies must change their mindset in management, renew the leadership and management culture, and "consider the renovation of higher education management as a breakthrough to create comprehensive renovation of higher education” 4.2.2 Solutions related to strategies, policies, and laws First, it is necessary to complete the strategy for higher education development Next, it is imperative to review, adjust, amend and supplement the system of legal normative documents on higher education Continue to supplement and complete legal provisions for higher education activities in the context of international integration 4.2.3 Solutions related to the completion of organization and the renovation of activities of the state management agencies for higher education The mechanism of state management of higher education plays a particularly important role in concretizing the State's institutions, strategies, and policies for higher education development It conducts inspection and supervision of higher education establishments The organization of the mechanism of state management of higher education should be lean with clearly delineated functions, tasks, and powers to ensure the smooth operation without duplication, efficiency and effectiveness 4.2.4 Other solutions First, strengthen the Party's leadership in higher education The Party’s leadership has a direct impact on the development and implementation of the institutions of state management of higher education Second, increase investment in higher education Develop physical facilities and provide equipment for higher education establishments Increase state investment in education and training; complete and supplement schemes and policies for non-public education Third, promote international cooperation in higher education Education in the context of international integration must ensure sustainable development, constantly improve quality, make the most of internal resources, protect independence, self-reliance and socialist orientation, and gradually approach an advanced education Conclusion of Chapter The institutions of state management of higher education represent the common will of the country on the quality of higher education, contributing to the building of consensus in accessing, evaluating, and sharing shared standards and values of a quality higher education Based on the legal framework, higher education establishments promote their capacity in training and constantly improve the quality and effectiveness of training Applying legal tools actors in society supervise and evaluate the effectiveness of higher education management and the quality of higher education establishments The Party and the State consider education and training the top national policy Education and training development is seen the foundation and driving force of the country's industrialization and modernization Education and training is one of the three key breakthroughs to change the socio-economic situation, create a great changes in human resource development in society Higher education has its own characteristics The country's international integration requires strong transformation in higher education to provide the country with highly qualified human resources and make an important contribution to the success of the cause of renovation and protection of direction to socialism CONCLUSION Education and training in general, and higher education in particular, have a particularly important role and are considered by the Party and State as the top national policy in the cause of national construction and development State management of higher education does not limits to the institution development, rather it means management of operation of the mechanism, management of financial issues and people, and control of higher education The institutions of state management of higher education as the legal corridor should be changed first Therefore, in order to improve the quality of higher education and promote transformation in higher education, it is necessary to change its the foundation which is institutions Given the market economy and international integration, it is necessary to develop a complete, simple, and effective system of institutions to improve the quality of higher education in the country It is imperative to complete the institutions of state management of higher education to create a drastic change in the quality of higher education in Viet Nam at present The doctoral dissertation covered the following key issues: Literature review of domestic and overseas research works which are categorized in three groups: research works related to institutions; research works on higher education; research works on state management of higher education In general, the related research works have created key foundations of the theoretical issues of institutions and state management of higher education They have also provided important orientations for in-depth research on institutions of state management of higher education in Viet Nam at present The doctoral dissertation covered the key theoretical issues such as the topic-related concepts of higher education, state management of higher education, institutions of state management of higher education The doctoral dissertation analyzed the components of the institutions of state management of higher education which are legal provisions and the management mechanism It identified the influencing factors and a number of conditions to ensure the implementation of the institutions of state management of higher education Besides, experience of selected countries has been studied and implications were drawn for Viet Nam in the completion of the institutions of state management of higher education An overview of the formation and development of the institutions of state management of higher education in different periods revealed that the institutions of state management of higher education in Viet Nam have a long history and constantly improve However, besides the achievements, the institutions of state management of higher education have weaknesses that need to be further dealt with 4 The doctoral dissertation proposed four groups of solutions to complete the institution of state management of higher education which are solutions related to awareness and mindset, solutions related to completion of the legislation on higher education; solutions related to the completion of the mechanism of state management of higher education; and other solutions  ... EDUCATION IN VIET NAM 3.1 Overview of higher education in Viet Nam 3.1.1 Achievements of higher education in Viet Nam Firstly, Vietnamese higher education has entered international integration... First, it is the attention and timely leadership of the Party and the State in state management of higher education; Second, the heads of higher education establishments are getting better aware of... state management of higher education in Viet Nam - To justify the necessity to complete the institutions of state management of higher education in Viet Nam at present to meet the requirements of