Tính thế tục và yếu tố khôi hài trong nghi lễ và mối quan hệ của những tín đồ đạo mẫu vũ thị tú anh

Tfnh the tuc va yeu to khoi hai nghi l i va mdi quan he cua nhufng tin Dao M i u VUTHITUANH* D ^ nh$p Ndi, nghien eflu ndy se tap trung md td mgt so' bieu hien ciia quy trinh the' tuc hda Tdn gido vd cfic II nghi tdn gido thfldng vd thucfng mai hda cdc tuc Id nghi 1§ Dao dflgc coi lfi trang trgng vd tdn nghidm Tuy Mdu thong qua nhieu hinh thflc khfie nhidn, m^t sd' hgc gia (Huizinga 1950 nhfl phfltfng phdp khdi hdi hay cdc [2000], Blake, 2011) eho r i n g eac nghi thflc he thd'ng gid tri phu phiem hofie thUe tdn gifio tdn nghidm vd Iinh thidng cd t h l dung Qua dd, chung tdi dUa mdt sd khdng dfltfc cijf hdnh qufi trang trgng nhU nhdn xet ve cdch thflc ngUdi phu nfl Vidt chdng ta van nghi NhQhg hgc gia ndy cung tfl mang quyln ndng de'n cho minh cho r i n g ldn kd hoach cdc hoat ddng qua trinh thflc hien nhuhg nghi le ton nghi ll va ll hgi ton giao, ngudi ta ludn giao dudi anh hudng cua quy trinh the tuc thidt ke' cho cd t h l chfla diftig mgt khia hda Chung tdi cung ddt nghi v l n vl canh vui chtfi ndo dd mang tinh giai tri vide Udu trao quyen nang theo cfich thfle Vidt Nam, tfl nhflng ndm 1980 vd ndy Id mdt hidn tflgng truyin thd'ng hay 1990, ddi sd'ng tfn ngflflng tdn gido Id mdt hidn tflgng mang tinh hien dai da dien sfl hdi sinh cua cdc tuc lg nghi Dong thcfi, chung tdi eung dfit vd'n de vd l l ciia Dao Mau Dfldi tac ddng ciia cdng xem xet tinh thd' tuc cd nhflng ddng gdp n ^ g truyin thdng tien tid'n tfl ndm 1990 nhfl the ndo cho cdch thflc xfiy dflhg vd da mang Iai mdt sfl thay ddi cdc tuc thflc hdnh quyen Iflc mem ddi vdi ngfldi Id nghi thflc cua Dao Mau hay cdn ggi la phu nfl theo Dao Mdu quy trinh the tuc hda nghi l l Dao Miu Dfla trdn tu Heu nghidn cflu nhfin hgc v l Dao Mau tfl ndm 2006 dd'n nfim 2009 tai mgt den thd tU n h a n d Thai Nguyen vd d i n thd Dflc Vua Bat Hai Vgng Tfl d Ha Tinh khoi hai c a c nghi le Dao Mau: Hign tifdng d o n g d u a Blake da phdn tich "tinh khdi hfii" nhOhg tuc Id nghi thfle bid'n cua * TS Vu Thi Ti3 Anh, Ban Quan he Qudc te - Dai Hoc Thai Nguydn 58 ngfldi ddn Trung Qud'c, ddc bidt phong tuc dd't tiln vdng, n h l m chi nhiJhg thay doi phdt sinh xa hgi hidn dai (Theo Blake, 2011) Trong qufi trinh tim hilu nhflng anh hUdng xa hdi hign dai da bien tuc 1§ tiln vfing thdnh mdt tuc 1^ nhdi truyin thdng nhfl t h l ndo, Blake eho r i n g chinh gid tri gidi tri vfi khfii nidm sU phu phiem cung sU vui thu cua cfic tuc 1$ hi^n dai Id mdt nhflng U khie'n cho sfl thay ddi trdn trd thdnh dai d i n g vd ngdy edng phd bie'n rgng rai Ong nhfin dinh: "Nin kinh td tidu dung tofin clu hidn dang xdm nhdp vdo tuc 1$ ddt tiln vdng thdng qua nhflhg l l ngoai nhgp dUa trdn nhflhg mong mud'n khdng cd gidi han cd the ed" (Blake 2011: 212) Trong qud khfl, ngfldi ta hanh le ddt tiln vang ludn vung tay hdo phdng nhflng mgt khudn khd han ehe nhat dinh Nhuhg de'n ngfiy nay, tuc le ndy khdng ehi bao gom dd't nhflng mdn md phdng nhiJng vgt quy gia theo truyen thdng, hay nhiJhg "vfit pham thid't yd'u" cudc sdng dflong dai nhu d td, ti vi, tu lanh ciing nhU cae loai t i l n td cua nhilu qudc gia khdc nhau, ma cdn bao gdm ca nhijfng loai mdt hdng cd thuong hidu, dd chtfi tinh due vd cdc loai vu Dfldng nhfl day la mgt sfl giai phdng tinh than phu phidm, sfl nudng chilu vfi bdc ddng cua ban than hem Id thgt sfl mong mud'n gufi nhflng mdn dd dd de'n vdi nhufng ngudi than ydu cua minh d thd' gidi bdn Blake (2011) giai thich r i n g tinh khdi hfii dang ngdy mdt hidn rd nhflng mong mud'n sfl phu hoa vd tfldng tflgng, nhflng mdt nhlft thdi vd xu hfldng thdi trang ciia thdi hien dai Dilu ndy du de eho tha'y ldi giai thich Nghien ciiu Ddng Nam A 10/2012 ndy cua dng dfla nhflhg quy tzinh nghidn cflu tucmg tu cdc euge hdnh ll hi^n dai ciia Dao Mau Mdt nhOhg hg q u i qufi trinh hi^n dai hda ciia Dao Miu Id sU xuat hidn cfia thd hd d i n g mdi - Ddng dua Nhflhg nhang d$ tuf truyin thdng ciia Dao Miu thay thd hd nfiy khfi budn cudi, cac dSng dua diu khdng cd ngudn gdc Hen h$ chat che vdi thd gidi tdm linh va khdng xuSt hi^n bdi su thuc ep eua cdn ddng Ddi vdi nhflng vi dong ndy, hg "chgn ldm dong" dcfn gidn vi mudn ed mgt nghi Hg nghi r i n g Idm ddng d thdi hign dai ndy vifa dugc mdc dep, vfla duge sdng thoai m^ Chinh tfl nhiihg nhu clu muu sinh vd ^ai tri dd khuye'n khich ho lua chgn ducfng ndy Ndi cfich khfic, ldm ddng Dao Miu da trd thdnh mdt cdng viec hap dan ddi v& nhieu ngUdi sd' cac ddng dua Hlu hd't cfic ddng mfi toi dfi phdng vSh diu nhanh chdng nhan thflc r5 vd kh^g dinh ban than minh Id ddng that so vdi cac ddng dua Ddng Han ndi v l mdt dong dua: Khi tdi du le len dong ciia H, tdi khdng biet cd ta dang ldm gi H lfi chfiu gdi cua dong Ba Toi dU l l cung vi tdi vdi dong Ba Id ban H nhay nhU tren phim phuong Tfiy rd lfi dang mfic quan chua Tha Cd mugn tiln de hfinh l l , nhflng lai vung tiln thdt ra't nhilu gifi dong ciia Co, vd chia rat nhilu tiln cho cung vfin vd hai hau ddng Cd Hy khdng dUtfc cac ui^ hd Cd ay cha lfi ddng dua Tdi ciing cdc ban ndnh se khdng bao gid dU l l cua cd ay n ^ Ban cua d i n g Hfi, co Minh Id chu m5t trung tfim y td' tfl nhfin d Hfi Ngi Cd ki^ffi Vii Thj Td Anh - Tinh the tuc vd yeu to khdi hdi nghi le dflgc rfit nhieu tien nhflhg cudc sd'ng lgi khd budn te: eon cai di du hgc, chong bdn biu ldm dn hiem cd thdi gian cho cd Cd tim de'n Dao Mdu vd hodn todn hi nhi&ig bd dong Hd mdc cung dofin tiing cua d i n g den md hodc Cd quye't dinh trd dong vi mud'n dugc dn mfic nhu ding va nhflng ngfldi Ichdc d den Sau ndy, cd gfip dflgc ngfldi tinh - cung Id ngUdi trang diem vd ldm tdc cho dong; vd dieu ndy cdng khie'n eo gan bd hdn vdi Dao Mdu Ca hai ngUdi diu bi loi sd'ng eua ddng thu hut, va nhd mgt ddng thdy giup lfim Id nhdp ddng Khi hg dugc xfle dau, hp chu y thfldng xuyen trau chudt t i ^ g bfldc nghi le ldn ddng vdi sU phan khdi Trong mat ddng that, dong dua nhfl nhflhg chan dung bid'm hga, vd nhflng buoi Id ndy trd nen kem y nghia hctn hoae tham chi la vd nghia Den trd san khau de ho the hien sU giau cd vd mong mudn thoa man khat vpng giau cd 59 htfn ga'p ddi, gfi'p ba nhflhg san p h l m ciing loai san xult d Vidt Nam Cd giai thich " dd ngoai bao gid chlng tdt hctn ndi" Tinh cd cd lan toi dfla mdt ngfldi ban My tdi du ll ldn dong Ban dau ehung tdi khd de ddt vi nghi r i n g cdc dong se khdng edi md chdo don mdt ngUdi nfldc ngoai NhUng ngugc lai, hoa cd ngUdi ban l y di cung tdi lai tie'p cgn dugc vdi nhflhg dong cd tid'ng Id Idid gan Cdc dong deu td tU hdo vi ed ngudi nUde ngodi dU 1§ len ddng Chdng toi t h l y minh dfltfc ehdo ddn vd da tham gia hd't cdc hoat dgng Id Dieu nfiy dflcfng nhfl ciing lfim sang td tam H "sinh ngoai" ngfldi Vidt cua ddng Minh Ddng Minh cQng ndi them; Cac thdnh bay gid cung di My, Ue hay Phap vi d dd cung cd eae dong Cfic ngai bie't nhflng san p h l m vd cung thich ehung Trfl khdng mua dflgc, chfl cbn nen chuin bi tdt nhat co the Vi du tdi hay chon s6-c6-ia Godiva hay La Maison Thudc la thi chpn Ba so cua London mua d Vdi cd Minh, nghi Id len ddng dii tidu hang midn thue hoac hang xdch tay ma td'n nhilu nhung lai mang de'n cho ed sfl khdch du lieh mang ve Nd'u md ngfldi mua vui ve ma trfldc dd cd khdng dfldc hudng khdng tinh y tiu cd ngfldi ta lai bdn Cd ndi r i n g ed mud'n man didn l l cua minh cho imnh loai Ba sd cua Singapore re hctn phai that hodnh trdng vd xa hoa de thu nhieu (cd dgn do) hut dUdc nhilu eon nhang de tuf tham dfl Xud't phat tfl nhu cau tieu thu qud tai Sd ngudi cang nhilu cang t h l hien sU cdng cua cd Khi phdt lgc thanh, hidn nay, hang ma diing nghi l l iSn xud't ldc cho ngfldi tham dU cua nhflng dong ddng cung dflgc hien dai hda de'n chdng khde thfldng nhd, thi qua ldc eua dong mat Vi du nhfl cdc loai tiln giay, vdng ma Minh rat xa xi, tdn k^m Cd cung mong le dugc ddt dl gud tdi cdc thdnh cung dfltfc da dang cua cdc nhang, de tuf, vd nhflng dang hda vdi nhilu loai tiln dm phii, tiln ngfldi tham dfl gia dong eua nunh phai dat md phong dong dd-la My, yen Nhat, dong tiln nhfl vdy Vi du, dd ll phai la hdng Eu-ro Chdu Au hay t i l n Viet Le ddng cung ngoai nhap NhCtog mdn dd nhfl keo, cd nhilu loai vat dung hidn dai de giii cdc bia, thudc la nh^p ngoai thflcmg d i t thdnh hay ngfldi mdi khua't nhU xe hdi Nghiin cdu Ddng Nam A 10/2012 60 didn thoai di ddng, d i n g h i deo tay, nhd cufa hay ed nfl trang T i t nhidn U tudng n h i t lfi ede mdn d l l l nfiy dUgc ddng mdc hdng higu Ddng Minh lai k l tidp v l k h l u chuin hi 11 ldn ddng: Cdn dong cua ban trai cd Id phdi phuc dich Ong Hofing Bdy Chic chfiu bidt vi thfinh ndy hfldng thu cudc sdng vui v& nhudng nfio Thd ndn Ithdng nhflng phdi chuin bi thuyin to ngUa ldn, md lfi xe Mercedes, ca mdy bay Boeing d l ngdi di lai nhanh vd thodi mdi hcfn Bgn ed mua ddng hd Coach vd vet Bulgaria vi ngdi r l t sdnh mfic NhCJfng hdng ma eao c3fp nfiy d i t hdn hdng mfi thudng NhUhg cdc ngdi se tinh y, chap nhdn sfl tdm vd nhidt tinh md uu tien giup chdu hdn ggi nfiy ddi cung cd tfic dung nhift dinh, khidn cfic nhang d$ tuf vfla f nhflhg lai khidn nhflhg ngUdi ngodi cudc silng sdt vi hg thify cdch cU xU ndy ciia nhflhg ngfldi lak hg cho lfi thi^n tfim vd lfi dai di^n ciia thl gidi tfim Hnh r l t pham thdnh Dilu thu vi Id, nhflhg cudc khlu chidn nfiy, m6i ngfldi diu cd dinh n^iia ridng cua minh thd ndo Id "ddng sang bong trgng" hay "ding r l bdng dai" Mdt so ngudi Hdn tudng ddn khdi ni$m trUdc 1^ ddng cd vd khdi nidm sau lfi dSng tdn; hay mgt sd khdc cho riing khfii nidm trfldc mang nghia "hiiu biit vd tinh tdo' ngUdi sau lai Id ddng mi tin Nhilu ngudi cung cap thdng tin cho toi nghi r i n g cugc t r a n h cai xem Id ding thuc, cdn Id ddng dua khien n g i ^ ta Hdn tudng tdi mgt cudc thi xem Id sd mot T i n h t h e tiic v a sii t r a i n ^ u g m x a h ^ i tinh ve sfl ndi tie'ng mfi khong cin xem t r o n g D M S U : V a i t r o c u a c a c d d n g nhflhg fldc mudn cua nhang d§ bl c6 thSy v a h g t h o n g ctf c a n h linh hay khdng Tinh thieng cua mdt ngoi Troi^ mdi trUdng chinh tai hidn dai, cfic d i n trfldc ddy nhfl Ifi ncri de ngfldi giao ddng Dao Mfiu nhgn dUtfc khd nhilu tie'p vdi Mau, cfic vi thdnh t h i n vfi td taen sU thidn vi, etf efinh eung xult hidn ngdy d thd gidi bdn kia, dUdng nhfl dang bi giam cfing nhilu quanh cfic ddng thdy Moi ddng dan gifla nhiJhg thi ldn CQng cd dSng khong du sflc sIm sufa thdy diu cd mgt phe phfii rieng Xu hUdng ndy ngdy cdng phdt trien vd khong chi gifla nhiing le ldn vfi ton kdm, hg tfl coi lfi ddng cdc din ehua vdi nhau, mfi chinh m l i thflcmg hay cbn ggi Id "tui ddng tdi bon^din cung cd nhiihg ctf cfinh khfic Su ngfldng mg cM dflhg d khd ndng vl t&i Tfltfng tu nhu cdc doi thu chinh tri, ddng chinh vd sU linh nghidm de cd dfltfc n6, chd cua mgt phe cfinh ndy thudng hay chi trich khdng dimg tai sU khiem t^n vfi ngh^o ddng ciia ctf cdnh vfi ldi chi trich ndng khd Nhieu ngUdi sd nhflng d^ng n l nhat dugc ddng de gpi d i n g ciia ctf cfinh ddng thuong ndy ddi lay nghfeo lfim W ddi thu Id "budn thdn bdn thdnh" Mdt sd the, chi trich sfl lang phi va khdng tuan ngudi thgm chi cdn phdn bidt b l i ^ cdc so thu dung nhflhg c h u ^ kinh d i l n troi^ 1^ sfinh ggi minh Id "ddng sang bdng trgng" cua ddi thu Hg ggi nhflng dong gidu hcfn cbn ngudi khdc Id "dong rd bdng dgi" Cdch nhu the lfi nhflng ddng dua hay Sr^g VQ Thi Tii Anh - Tinh the tuc vd yeu tdkhdi hdi nghi IS 61 "budn thdn bdn thdnh" Thfldng moi d i n g chi cd mdt l l md phu, Hi^n nay, md'i quan hd gifla ddng vfi nhflng d d i ^ Huong dfi tflng cd hai ll Md ddng t h l y da thay ddi Vdi rat nhilu ddng, phu 10 ndm theo nghi Chi k l chi ddy Id quan he ddi tde kinh doanh chfl tflhg ldm L l tfii khda (Ll md phA thfl 2) vi khdng phai la quan h^ thdy trd mdn dd sau l i n md phu diu, cdng vide cua chi gdp Nhflhg ngdi den Ifin cdn cung b i t diu true trdc, chdng vd deu phdn ddi chi tham gia vfio sfl xudt hi^n oua hoat ddng theo Dao Mau vd r l t nhilu chuydn khdng nhugng quyen thUcfng mai, g i n nhfl hay khde xdy dd'n Chi tdi hdi thl thdy bdi ndi ddng thfiy cila chi khdng hgp tudi vd McDonalds hay Hfing Gd rdn KFC mdnh vdi chi, rli d i n chi tdi gfip mdt ddng Vi du cdu chuydn chgn ddng t h l y thdy khde hgp hon Chi phai Ifim l l chia phan anh ro ndt tinh the tue hda vai trd tay vdi ddng thdy cu vd lfim mgt II Md phii cua d i n g thay Dao Miu Ngfiy mdi vdi ddng thdy sau cfic ddng tflcfng lai Ifla chgn thfiy d l theo Cfic nhang d$ tCf Dao Mau thfldng hfinh nghi rat can thdn Trflde day thfldng hg dflgc hg hang hay ban bd gidi thidu; nd'u len chfla ldm Id Md phu hodc len vdi ehdn flhg y hg se bat dau xin ldm Id md phii vd td Tuy nhidn, mdt sd ngfldi cung cap nhgn dflgc ldi khuydn trd thfinh dg td ciia thdng tin cho chung tdi ndi r i n g vide hoa ddng thay Ngfiy nay, hg ehgn lUa ddng thudn vd trung thfinh vdi mdt chdn td lfi thfiy theo nhieu tieu chf nhat dinh vd dufi rat khd vi ed luc d i n g thfiy cfl xil vdi cdc tren dfic diem tinh cfich nhU: Id ngfldi tdt nhang dg tuf r l t la Cd Din, mdt va cd gia dinh hda thugn, chuia tflhg Iy hdn, nhang ndi vdi tdi: cU xd dung mUc va thfinh dat Cdc ddng tUtfng lai thudng t h a m khao cdc tfii Hdu chidm tinh vd cung hodng dao - nhfl ndm sinh hay menh (kim, mdc, thiiy, hda, t h l ) ciia ding thay d l chgn thdy tdt theo hdnh nghi Cung cd luc hp mang ca nhflhg dilu tham khao tdi cdc thay bdi de cflng xem Ugu tudi vfi m^nh cua ddng thdy cd hdp vdi tudi va mdnh cua minh hay khdng VI du mgt ddng mdi sinh vdo ndm ngg mang mdnh hda, ed sd tim dong thdy sinh ndm t u l t hay nam d i n , hodc mang mdnh mdc Dong Ha giai thich: "Nd'u khdng hgp mgnh thi minh se ludn gdp xui trfl ddi ddng thdy" Ddi khi, cfic ddng mdi chi nghe theo ldi thdy phan vd chgn mdt ddng thdy cd nhOhg dae dilm nhfl thfiy phfin da neu Cfic ddng thdy mdi md d i n chCia bao gid cung td't bung, chin ehu vd nhigt tam Khi din chua trd ndn noi tidng hg se cfl xil khdc b i n Vi du, de gdp dflgc hg ciing khd htfh, tiln tra cho hg cijaig cao htfn Ddng Hd chia si: Cd nhiing ddng thdy ddi xil vdi cfic d§ tijf khdng cdng blng Nhflhg de tuf gidu htfn hay thugc t i n g ldp cao hcfn dfltfc ddi xil tdt htfh, ti nhu hg cd t h l tU chpn ngdy ldm le Vdo nhflhg dip ddc bigt nhU thdng ll hay diu nfim am lich, r l t nhilu ding mud'n Idm II, ndn d i n chua trd thfinh ndi cho thud Cdc ddng tra cho thay dong mdt khodn theo dinh mflc chung de thud din chua vfi cfic dich vu khfic Nhflhg cung cd nhiing ngfldi tra cao hdn, vd khdng cM 62 tdng qud hay dfla tiln eho ding thdy md cdn cho nhflng ngfldi khdc din chua, thd ndn hg dflgc UU tien NhU kilu hdi lg thi duge UU tidn vfiy Nghien cvtu Ddng Nam A 10/2012 hdnh 11 thfldng nidn d phu ciia ddng thdy Ba Chi tdn gfi'p ba lin so vdi hfinh II d phu ciia thdy minh, vfi cdn phdi mugn tiln dl lfim dfltfc II Nhung chi cho ring tSt nhflng chi phi phdt sinh cung chinh Id nhflhg Itfi ich cua vi$c dUffc ldm ll d m^t din phu ldn htfn Tdi ndi ehuydn vdi chi nhu vdi mdt bfi chii nhfi hfing, vl dia diem rdi lai vi tri, vfi gifi cd phai tra cho mot vi tri dep Mgt sd nhang Dgo Miu cung ndi ddng thfiy mud'n hg thud ngfldi ldm d din chua dl chuin hi le vfi tigc ldc sau ll ldn ding Ding trUdng se trd tiln cho ngudi cua din chua Trfldc dfiy thfldng ngfldi ta tinh nguygn lfim nhiihg vide ndy, nhflhg gid Id thdi hi^n dai vd cdc din chua dd trd Chi cung cho bidt them cfich nhin cua thdnh cdc edng ty trd Iflcfng cho nhdn vidn chi vl vi^c ndy ndi ring chi cin mci rdng pham vi hoat ddng dl dflgc cae thdnh Ddng Blc ke: ldn, nhflhg ngudi thudng ngu d nhiihg ehtia Nhfl kilu tl chflc tide efldi d khdch san, to phii ldn, biet dd'n Ciu giai thich: minh tra tiln de hg chuin hi he't cdn minh Yi^c tdi thfim chua ldn cung quan trpng chi tdi Idm nhan vat chinh vi nhu the se liy dUtfc ldng cdc vi d dd Ndu Ddng Han ndi ro hctn; khong tdi thfim cdc vi bilt minh m& O mdt sd ncfi, de dflgc quyen hdnh ll, giup dUtfc? minh phai thud tdi cac dich vu d dd nhfl hlu dang, dfin nhac hay ngfldi hfit Cd Ket l u ^ nhiihg ndi ldm ll ldn ding td'n htfn nhilu Ngfiy nay, nhiihg nghi le Dao Mau van so vdi d nhflng chiia nhd Dd thudng Id dfltfc tri Cdc nghi ll dUtfc tri dfldi chua to phu ldn, mpi ngUdi diu mud'n dUdc nhiihg hinh thflc dflgc cdc ctf quan dhk hdnh ll d dd nfldc cdng nhdn lfi sinh hoat tin ngfldng Bat chfi'p nhiihg trai nghigm khdng hfii vfin hda dan gian truyen thdng, Id mdt Idng d din, ddng Han vln hop U hda hdnh phin di sin vfin hda \^$t Nam Tuy nhien vi ciia cdc dong din vl han che diing din dfldi tdc dgng eua qufi trinh hien dai h6a dl td chflc nghi le nlu ddng vd ddt mflc gifi vfi cdng ngh^ hda d thd' ki XXI, yd'u td tam thud din rd't cao eho cdc eon nhang dd til linh ciia nhC&ig nghi le dfi it nhilu suy mudn thue Din chua Dao mau ciing gidm vd bi thay thd bdi tinh the tuc du6i vi the mfi bit diu cd nhflhg chflc ndng nhfl cdc hinh thflc khdi hfii, giai tri vd thfldng nhd vfin hda hay khdch san, dflgc dung mai Khdng phai cung coi cdc nghi ll cdc le nghi thfldng ngdy dfldi hinh ndy Id cdch Hdn lac vdi thd gidi ben kia, dl thflc tdm Hnh, miin Id ngfldi thud tra du dfldc td tien chi dudng ddn ldi hay elu xin tiln va diing ngfldi nhfi den lo Ueu cdng tac Thfinh Miu dieu gi; din chua cui^ khong hau cin cho cdc nghi le chi Id ndi de tim dfldc sU an ui hay khuyen Ddng Hfi nhd lai nfim 2010 chi td chflc nhii, mfi cdn lfi ntfi vui chdi giai tri vd hoat Vu Thi Tu Anh - Tinh the tuc vd yeu tdkhdi hdi nghi li ddng kinh doanh hidu qua nhd vdo uy Hnh cua than 63 TAX L I E U THAM K H A O Ndu trUde nghi Id len ddng thudng duge diing de truyin tdi mdt thdng di^p tdm linh ro rfing, thi gid ddy mSi nghi ll ed the hdm chfla nhieu dgng thdng di|p vd gid tri khdc cd I n h hfldng khdng nhd tdi cdc khia cgnh t r i n tuc, ddi thfldng Nhimg sfl thay ddi nfiy chi ro hctn y nghia eua Dao Mdu tinh gidi tri cua cdc sinh hogt fan ngiOng, tdn gido Chung tdi eho r i n g cdc sinh hoat tdn gido, nghi II vd vide thd phung ed y nghia tdm linh ludn hdm chfla gid tri giai tri mang tinh the tuc Dieu ndy minh chflng cho sfl trai nghiem phong phu cua ngfldi phu nfl theo Dgo Mdu Huizinga, JoHdn 1950 (2000) Homo Ludens; a Study of the Play-element in Culture Boston: The Beacon Press Ngd Dflc Thinh.2001 Tin ngu9ng vd vdn hda tin ngflStag d Yi^t Nam [The BeUef and the Cultural Belief in Vietnam] Hdn$i: Nhd xult bdn Khoa hoc Xa hOi 2004 Dao Mau vd cdc hlnh thflc shaman cdc toe ngif&i d Yi^t Nam vd chdu A [The Mother Goddess Religion and Some Shamanistie Foims of Ethnic Groups in \^etnam and Asia] HdnQi: Nhd xult bfin Khoa hoc Xa hpi Nortan, Barley.2000.Vietnamese Mediumship Ritual: The Musical Construction of the Spirits The World of Music 42(2):75-97 Phan tich v l tinh gidi tri cua Dgo Mdu khdng chi eung cap dfl Hdu ve mpt khia canh khde ddi sdng cua phu nfl theo Dao Mdu ma cdn U giai each thflc nd duge t h l hidn qua sinh hoat tdn gido Dao Miu vfi dUtfc phu nfl Dgo Mdu ddnh gifi cao ddi sd'ng eua hg nhfl thd nfio Ndi cfich khfic, chung tdi cho r i n g Dao Miu lfi mgt bieu hien ciia tinh t h i n vui ve ciia ngfldi Yiet - qua kha nfing sdng lac quan vd bie't tan hfldng dieu kidn cho phdp; biet chiu dflhg sfl thie'u thdn vdi mdt thdi dd hdm hinh Nhiihg phan tich vl tinh t h i n vui ve ay ciing cho ta cfii nhin cgn canh cung vdi nguIn dfl Ueu dli ddo vl vain dl "trao quyln" cung nhfl tinh t h i n ngUdi Viet, dae bidt la tdi cdc phu nfl theo Dao Mau Sflc manh tam linh cung vdi tinh t h i n vui ve tfldng nhU khdi hdi, phu phiem nhflhg lai chinh la ngudn trao quyln Iflc m l m va sfl trai nghiem quyln Iflc m l m eua hp ddi sdng thfldng ngay7 O'neill, Maura 1990 Women Speaking, Women Listeniog: Women in Interreligious Dialogue New York: Orbis Books Rappaport, Roy 1999 Sharma, Arvind and Young, Katherine Eds 2003 Her Voice, Her Faith: Women Speak on World Religions Boulder: Westview Press Tu Anh T Vu 2011 Dao Miu Religious Practices: The Soft Power and Everyday Lives of Women in Contemporary Yet A Dissertation Hawaii University at Manoa Taylor Keith 1987 The Birth of Vietnam Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press Taylor, Philip, ed 2008 Modernity and Reenchdntment: Religion in Post-revolutionary Vietnam Lanham, MD: Lexington Books 10 Taylor, Philip 2000 Fragments of the Present: Searching for Modernity in Vietnam's South Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press 2002 11 The Ethnicity of EfScacy: Vietnamese Goddess Worship and the Encoding of Popular Histories Asian Ethnirity 3(1): 85102 2004 Goddess on the Rise Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press  ... t i ^ g bfldc nghi le ldn ddng vdi sU phan khdi Trong mat ddng that, dong dua nhfl nhflhg chan dung bid'm hga, vd nhflng buoi Id ndy trd nen kem y nghia hctn hoae tham chi la vd nghia Den trd... ddi Vdi rat nhilu ddng, phu 10 ndm theo nghi Chi k l chi ddy Id quan he ddi tde kinh doanh chfl tflhg ldm L l tfii khda (Ll md phA thfl 2) vi khdng phai la quan h^ thdy trd mdn dd sau l i n md phu... nhflng ddng dua hay Sr^g VQ Thi Tii Anh - Tinh the tuc vd yeu tdkhdi hdi nghi IS 61 "budn thdn bdn thdnh" Thfldng moi d i n g chi cd mdt l l md phu, Hi^n nay, md'i quan hd gifla ddng vfi nhflng d