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Câu điều kiện có thực là câu mà người nói dùng để diễn đạt một hành động hoặc một tình huống thường xảy ra (thói quen) hoặc sẽ xảy ra (trong tương lai) nếu điều kiện ở mệnh đều chính đượ[r]
(1)TOPIC 1: THE PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE AND THE ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY I THE PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE (Thì đơn).
A công thức:
1 Đối với động từ “ TO BE “:
Eg: - I am a pupil - I am not a pupil - Are you a pupil ?
- He is intelligent - He is not intelligent - Is he intelligent ? 2 Đối với động từ thường:
Ex: The sun rises in the east She doesn’t cook every day
Do they often visit their aunt? VO = V-infintive : động từ nguyên mẫu. B Cách dùng:
To express the truth (Diễn tả thật hiển nhiên, câu phát biểu tổng quát, chân lý) Ex: The sun rises in the East
To express the habits at present (Diễn tả thói quen, viecj xảy thường xuyên tại) Ex: Mary often goes to school by bicycle
Diễn tả việc xảy theo thời gian biểu chương trình, kế hoạch định theo thời gian biểu Ex: The train leaves at seven twenty-three tomorrow morning.
C Dấu hiệu nhận biết - Trạng từ thời gian với đơn :
D Cách thêm s,es vào sau động từ:
Động từ thêm “ES” có tận là: S, SH, CH, X, O, Z
Động từ tận “ Y “, trước nguyên âm A,E,U,I,O ta giữ nguyên Y thêm S Ex: plays, employs, destroys…
Động từ tận “Y “,nhưng trước phụ âm ta biến “ -Y” -> “ -IES” Ex: studystudies E.g - We go to school on time everyday - Do you go to school on time everyday?
- The Earth moves around the sun - Does the Earth move around the sun? - It doesn’t rain in the dry season - Does it rain in the dry season?
II ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY(Trạng từ tần xuất)
S+ AM / IS / ARE S+ AM / IS / ARE + NOT AM / IS / ARE + S ?
I, WE, YOU, THEY + VO HE, SHE, IT + VS/ES
S + DON’T + VO DOESN’T
DO + S + VO ? DOES
- every (day/ week / month/ year)
- Three times a week, twice a month, once a week, from time to time…
- as a rule
- always (luôn luôn)
- usually ( thường xuyên)
- often (thường)
- sometimes = occasionally = at times (thỉnh thoảng)
- seldom (ít khi)
- rarely (hiếm khi)
- normally (thông thường)
- never (không bao giờ)
- all the time (luôn luôn) = at all times
(2)- Vị trí: Trước Tobe, sau động từ thường, trợ từ động từ chính: Always, usually often sometimes, occasionally seldom, rarely never
1 Position of the Adverbs: (Vị trí trạng từ)
After To be / Modal Verbs: (Sau to be động từ khiếm khuyết)
Ex1: She is always at home on Sundays Ex2: I have ever been to London
Before Ordinary Verbs: (Trước động từ thường)
Ex: He sometimes visits his uncle 2 Question:
Ex: How often you go to the cinema?- Once a week 3 Note: - trạng từ “as a rule” đứng đầu câu
- trạng từ mang nghĩa phủ định như: “seldom, hardly ever, rarely, never ” không dùng câu phủ định
III EXERCISE: Exercise 1: Put the verb in the bracket into the simple present tense. I ……….(eat) my breakfast in the kitchen every day
2 These boys often ……….………(play) football at weekends It ……… (rain) in the winter
4 She ……….(go) to school three days a week My little boy often ……… …………(watch) cartoon film She ……… (study) English very well
7 My father often ………(play) tennis in the morning Ann ……… (speak) German very well
9. your mother (walk) to work every day? 10 They (not /play) soccer in the morning
11 Phong, An , Ha, Lan (be) close friend 12 On Friday, I (have) English
13 At 12 a.m every day, I (have) lunch and (go) to bed 14 In the autumn, I rarely (go) _sailing and (go) to school 15 Every day, Mr.Hung (not go) _to work by car
16 There (be) _many flowers in our garden
17. they (go) to school by bus today?
18 My father (read) a newspaper in the morning 19 Giang (like) _Music but I (like) Math 20 Every night, We (go) to bed at 10p.m
21 Ann(like) her job very much 22 Sometimes, I (play) badminton
23 We usually (read) _books,(listen) _to music or (watch) _TV 24 Every day she (go) to work by bike
25 He (teach) _in a big school in town 26. _he (play) sports?
27.He (go) _to bed at 11.30 p.m
28. your students (play) soccer every afternoon? Exercise 2: Put “DO or DOES” into the following sentences to make questions 1……… the students study hard every day?
2……… Mr Brown go to his office every day? 3……… you want cream and sugar in your coffee? 4….…….the children go to bed very early?
5 …… …that girl come from South Africa? 6…………you know that Italian student?
S + Tobe / Modal Verbs + Adverbs ….
S + Adverbs + V + O …
(3)7…………Miss Lan prefer coffee to tea?
8…………your English lessons seem very difficult? Exercise : Multiple choice questions:
1 I at school at the weekend
a am b is c are d be
2 She on Friday
a don’t study b isn’t study c doesn’t study d aren’t study My students hard working
a does not b isn’t c aren’t d don’t
4 He a new haircut today
a have b has c haves d to have
5 I usually breakfast at 7.00
a have b has c haves d to have
6 she in a house?
a Does she live b Do she live c Is she live d Are she live Where your children ?
a be b does be c are d is
8 My sister in a bank
a work b works c workes d to work
9 Dog meat
a likes b like c to like d liking
10 She in Florida
a live b livees c living d lives
11 It almost every day in Manchester
a raines b rain c.rains d raining
12 We to Spain every summer
a fly b flys c flyes d flies
13 My mother eggs for breakfast every morning
a fry b frys c fries d fryes
14 The bank at four o'clock
a close b closes c closing d to close
15 John _ hard in class, but I _ he'll pass
a try / don’t think b tries / doesn’t think c tries/ don’t think d try/ doesn’t think 16 Water at 100 degree Centigrade
A boil B boils C boiling D is boiling
17 George to the movies very often
A not go B don’t go C doesn’t go D not to
18 How many languages ?
A you speak B are you speak C are you speaking D will you speak 19 The swimming pool at 9.00 am and at 6.30 pm
A open/ close B opens / closes C opens/ close D open / closes 20 I your telephone number
A not know B don’t know C don’t knew D am not knowing
21 Bad students never hard
A works B work C are working D is working
22 Those children for hours every afternoon
A sleep B sleeps C is sleeping D are sleeping
23 Light faster than sound
A travels B travels C travel D is travelling
24 He usually his work before o’clock
A finish B finishes C is finishing D finishing
25 Mr Lam always early
(4)26.My father to work by bus everyday
a go b goes c went d going 27.The plan _ off on time yesterday
a take b takes c took d taken 28. you _ pop music ?
a Do – like b does – like c – likes d did- like 29 I _ born in 1980
a Am b were c was d did 30 Where she live last year ?
a Do b does c did d was 31 Mary _ TV every night
a Watch b watched c watches d watchs 32 Everybody was dancing when I _
a come b came c comes d coming
33 What time Nam a civic Education lesson on Monday ? a do_ have b does_ have c does – has d did _ have
34 He _ to America with his parents months ago
a go b went c goes d was going
35 We sometimes _ speaking English
a practice b practices c are practicing d practiced 36 He doesn’t usually _ newspapers after dinner
a Read b reads c am reading d was reading 37 I’m not interested in _
a fish b fishing c fishes d fished
38 The picnic to Perfume pagoda with my classmate last week the most memorable one for me a is b were c was d are
39 She _ to school on Sundays
a doesn’t go b don’t go c doesn’t goes d didn’t go
40 Every year , between February and March , Chua Huong festival hundreds of thousands of people from all over the country
a attract b attracted c attracts d is attracting 41 Which sentence is true?
a I am usually free on Sundays b I usually am free on Sundays c I am free on Sundays usually d I am free on usually Sundays Exercise 4: Put the “adverb of frequency” in brackets in its correct position.
1 We go to Hanoi in the spring (always)
………
2 My neighbors are out on Sundays (usually)
………
3 We travel by plane (sometimes)
………
4 Jim never phones me I have to phone him (always)
………
5 We go to a restaurant on Friday evenings (often)
(5)6 She is late for class (seldom)
………
7 I didn’t understand the directions (fully)
………
8 I get up at six o’clock (normally)
………
9 What you after school? (usually)
………
10 Is Phong interested in stamps? (always)
………
TOPIC 2: THE PAST SIMPLE TENSE(thì khứ đơn) A Công thức:
1 Đối với động từ “ TO BE “:
Eg: - He was at home last night - He was not at home last night - They were at school yesterday - Were they at school yesterday ? 2 Đối với động từ thường:
Eg: - I visited my grandparents days ago - I didn’t visit my gandparents days ago - My sister bought this pen yesterday – Did your sister buy this pen yesterday ? B Cách dùng :
Diễn tả hành động hay việc xảy thời điểm xác định khứ Ex: Tom went to Paris last week.
Diễn tả hành động diễn suốt khoảng thời gian khứ, hoàn toàn chấm dứt
Ex : She worked as a secretary for five years and now she is a teacher. Thói quen khứ
Ex : I used to play football when I was a little boy C Dấu hiệu nhận biết – Các trạng từ:
D EXERCISES:
Exercise 1: Give the correct form of the verb in bracket: 1) I (go) to Ben Thanh market last Monday 2) He (get) up at o’clock yesterday
3) What time you (go) to bed last night? 4) She ( not/ go) to work last weekend 5) Lan (meet) her at the party years ago
I, HE, SHE IT + WAS WE, YOU, THEY + WERE
S + WAS + NOT WERE
WAS + S ? WERE
S + VED / V2 S + DIDN’T + Vinf DID + S + Vinf ?
- Yesterday : hôm qua
- last week / month / year : tuần / tháng / năm trước - Two weeks ago : tuần cách
- In 1995 : năm 1995
(6)6) Last summer vacation,Mom (not /buy) me a new buy 7) When he (leave) for work last week ? 8) What you (do) yesterday?
9) We (begin) to learn English years ago 10) She (be) an engineer last week 11) Lan (be /not) at home yesterday 12) He (wear) the shirt last week 13) They (be ) here yesterday
14) you (go) to school yesterday?
15) Tam (be) at home last night? – Yes, he (be) 16) Where he (go) yesterday?
17) I (be) sick last night
18) Why you (not /come ) to class yesterday? 19) Hoa (buy) a lot of things for her birthday party
20) What time you (leave) home for school yesterday? 21) He ……….…(live) in London last year
22) He ……… (live) in London from 1980 to 1985 23) They ……… (sell) their house several days ago 24) When……….…you ………….… (see) her ?
25) ……… he come to see you last night ? Yes he came 26) She ……….…… (met) me in the street last Sunday
27) I ……… ….(wait) for the telephone call all this morning 28) I……… …… (study) music when I was at school 29) They ……… (sell) their house last year 30) They ……….…(walk) to the corner two days ago 31) Professor ……….…(teach) another class last year 32) We ……….….(spend) two weeks in Japan in 2000 33) He ……… … (meet) his friends some days ago 34) We ……….…….(speak) to our friends last week
Exercise 2: Put (DID, WAS or WERE ) into the brackets.
35 Where ……… you born? Where ……… ….…… your mother born? 36 When ……….……… you start school?
37 How many schools ……….you go to ? 38 What ……… your favourite subject? 39 Where ……… you live when you ……….……… a child?
40 ……… they live in a house or a flat? Exercise 3: Choose the best answer:
1- He a doctor two years ago
a am b is c was d were
2- It cold yesterday
a.aren’t b is n’t c wasn’t d weren’t
3- he an engineer yesterday No, he
a.is/ isn’t b.are/aren’t c.was/wasn’t d.were/weren’t
4- The windows .open last Monday
a am b is c was d were
5- Where .Nam yesterday?
a am b is c was d were
6- Why .he unhappy last Tuesday?
a am b is c was d were
7- I your trip to Nha Trang two years ago
a remember b remembers c remembered d rememberred
8- Ba the cap all day yesterday
a wear b wears c weared d wore
9- I a lot of fish yesterday
(7)10- Her aunt her to see Cham Temple last year
a taked b took c take d takes
11- Tuan a new bike yesterday
a haved b has c had d have
12- she a new ruler yesterday?
a didn’t buy b doesn’t bought c did not buy d does not bought 13- He with his parents about his vacation in Da Lat last year
a didn’t talk b doesn’t talked c didn’t talked d don’t talk 14- they school yesterday?
a Didn’t comed b Didn’t come c Doesn’t comed d Doesn’t come 15- the windows yesterday?
a Didn’t close b Didn’t closed c Doesn’t closed d Doesn’t close 16- They to Ha Long for their last summer vacation
A go B are going C was going D went
17- She to brush her teeth yesterday
A forget B forgot C forgetting D was forgetting
18- Ba his room yesterday afternoon
A clean and tidy B cleaned and tidied C cleaned and tidy 19- Why you come yesterday?
A can not B can’t C don’t D couldn’t
TOPIC 3: WH – QUESTIONS(câu hỏi với từ để hỏi “Wh-“)
- Các từ để hỏi: who, whom, whose, what, which, where, when, why, how(Old/long/far/fast/many/much…)
Question words To ask about Example
Who Hỏi người Who is your English
teacher?
What Hỏi người, vật, việc, kiện What happened last night?
Where Hỏi nơi chốn Where you live?
When Hỏi thời gian When did you buy this book?
Which Hỏi chọn lựa Which class you like?
Why Hỏi lý Why were you late?
Whose Hỏi sở hữu Whose pen is this?
How Hỏi cách thức, chất lượng How old is she?
- With “TO BE”(đối với đt to be): E.g: What is the time? – It’s
- With “Modal Verbs”(đối với đt khiếm khuyết):
* Những động từ khiếm khuyết: can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must, ought to E.g: How many languages can you speak?
- With ordinary verbs(đối với động từ thường):
E.g: Where did you go yesterday? – I went to the bookstore Who you teach English every day?
- Question words used as subject ( Từ để hỏi dùng làm chủ từ): E.g: Who teaches you English every day?
- Question words use as objects or modifiers.(Từ để hỏi dùng làm tân ngữ bổ ngữ):
Wh- + be + S (+ …)?
Wh- + KK + S + V (+ …)?
Wh- + do/does/did + S + V (+…)?
Wh-question + V + O +?
(8)Aux V: auxiliary verb trợ động từ Vm: main verb động từ chính
Ex: Who you teach English every day?
▪ What:
What…be (look) like? Hỏi miêu tả: What is the weather like in Ha Noi?
What + noun (color, subject, kind of, size…) Hỏi chi tiết: What color is it?
What time Hỏi thời gian cụ thể What time
you often get up?
▪ How + Adj/Adv Hỏi mức độ tính chất: How deep is this river?
How far Hỏi khoảng cách
How long Hỏi độ dài / thời gian: How long have you been staying here? How many/much Hỏi số lượng: How many students are there in the class? How often Hỏi độ thường xuyên: How often you go to the cinema? 1 EXERCISES :
Exercise 1: Make the questions for the following sentences. Miss Phuong went home early
→ Why ……… …….……… …? I met Phong’s father
→ Who ……… ……… ……… ? they wanted something
→ What ……… ……… … ………? The machine cost a lot of money
→ How much money ……… …….…………? The meeting finished at o’clock
→ What time ……… ……… … ……… ? My aunt and uncle live in Chicago
Where We often have dinner at 7:00 pm
What time I am reading an English book at the moment
What It takes me 30 minutes to go to school
How long 10 She speaks English very fluently
How 11 I have written over twenty novels
How many 12 This street is twenty kilometers long
How long 13 I spent 10 dollars on this shirt
How much 14 I have been learning English for years
How long 15 She will be married to a rich man
Who 16 Tom goes to the library twice a week
How often 17 I went to school late because I missed the bus
Why 18 She is a doctor
(9)What 20 He like studying Math
What subject 21 The weather is very nice in this country
What 22 She wanted to become an English teacher
What 23 They are cutting trees in the forest for wood
For what 24 They are coming to visit tomorrow
When 25 He is going to work right now
Where 26 She talked to him for an hour
How long
Exercise 2: Make questions for the underlined parts or the given answers It’s a quarter past five now
Her full name is Nguyen Minh Thu
She is in grade 10
My phone number is 838 888
My address is 25 Quang Trung Street
There are five people in my family
My father is a teacher
There is a picture on the wall
Yes, his house is next to a bookshop
10 She goes to the super market twice a week
Exercise 3: Make questions from the words given.
1 does / what time / get up / she
→ ……….… ……… ? – At seven o’clock
2 for / does / have / breakfast / she / what
→……… …… ………? – A bread and an egg to work / she / does / go / how
→ ……… ………….………… ? – By bus
4 she / does / what / in the evening /
→ ……… …… ………… ? – She watches television bed / time / does / go to / what / she
→ ……… ? – At nine o’clock
TOPIC 4:
(10)I GERUND (V-ing): DANH ĐỘNG TỪ * Các dạng Gerund:
- Ving Ex: Learning English is very necessary (Việc học tiếng anh cần thiết - Being V3 (bị động) Ex: Being laughed is terrible (Bị chế nhạo thật khủng khiếp
- Having V3 (hoàn thành) Ex: Having told lie make me regreted.(Việc nói dối làm tơi hối hận) - Having been V3 (bị động hoàn thành) Ex: having been told lie makes me angry (Việc bị nói dối làm tức giận)
* Chức năng:
As Subject (làm chủ ngữ) Ex: Walking is good for our health
As complement (làm bổ ngữ) My hobby is swimming
As Object (làm tân ngữ) : V + Gerund (Ving) Ex: I enjoy playing chess with my grandfather Động từ với gerund:
admit : thừa nhận
anticipate : liệu trước
appreciate : đánh giá cao
avoid : tránh
be worth : đáng (được)
can’t help : tránh
complete : hoản thành
consider : xem xét, can nhắc
defer : hỗn lại
delay : trì hoãn
deny : phủ nhận
dislike / detest : khơng thích
dread : sợ
encourage : khuyến khích
enjoy : thích
escape : khỏi
fancy : thích
finish : hồn thành
involve : bao gồm, liên quan keep : tiếp tục
mind : ngại postpone : trì hỗn practise : luyện tập resent : phật ý, oán recollect : hồi tưởng risk : liều lĩnh spend : dùng, trãi qua suggest : gợi ý, đề nghị tolerate : chịu đưng, tha thou understand : hiểu
forgive : tha thứ
encourage : khuyến khích
imagine : tưởng tượng
mention : đề cập miss : bỏ lở It’s no use / good : Vơ ích to look forward to : mong, đợi
can’t bear / stand : chịu have difficulty / trouble: có vấn đề, gặp khó khăn Các giới từ: on / in/ to/ at/ up/ with…
Ex: She admitted stealing his money This job involves meeting people
Do you enjoy going to the beach?
After Prep (sau giới từ): on, in, at, of, up, out, …… Ex: she insists on goingout for dinner Verb + preposition + verb-ing
Sau bảng động từ có giới từ theo sau, động từ khác sau động từ phải dùng dạng verb-ing
Verb + prepositions + V-ing approve of
be better of count on depend on give up insist on keep on put off rely on succeed in think about think of worry abount object to look forward to confess to John gave up smoking because of his doctor’s advice
He insisted on taking the bus instead of the plane Hery is thinking of going to France next year Fred confessed to stealing the jewels
(11)We are not looking forward to going back to school Jill objected to receiving the new position
He confessed to causing the fire
Adjective + preposition + verb-ing:
Adjective + prepositions + V-ing accustomed to
afraid of intent oninterested in capable offond of successful intired of Mitch is afraid of getting married now
We are accustomed to sleeping late on weekends I am fond of dancing
We are interested in seeing this film Noun + preposition + verb-ing:
Noun + prepositions + V-ing choice of
excuse for
intention of method for
possibility of
reason for (method of)
There is no reason for leaving this early
George has no excuse for droping out of school
There is a possibility of acquiring this property at a good price He has developed a method for evaluating this problem
Các trường hợp khác:
Trong trường hợp khác, động từ sau giới từ phải dạng verb-ing After leaving the party, he drove home
He should have stayed in New York instead of moving to Maine II.TO-INFINITIVE: ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN MẨU
Chức năng:
As subject (làm chủ ngữ): Ex: To study abroad is necessary for him As complement (làm bổ ngữ) Ex : My desire is to help poor people
As Object (làm tân ngữ) Ex: John expects to begin studying law next semester Mary learned to swim when she was very young
Bảng động từ địi hỏi tân ngữ sau động từ nguyên thể khác
agree attempt claim decide demand
desire expect fail forget hesitate
hope intend learn need offer
plan prepare pretend refuse seem
Strive tend want wish
The committee decided to postpone the meeting The president will attempt to reduce inflation rate
Trong câu phủ định, thêm not vào trước động từ làm tân ngữ:
(12)After adjective(sau tính từ): Ex: It’s hard to learn English
Nói chung, động từ sau tính từ (khơng có giới từ) dùng dạng ngun thể Những tính từ bao gồm
Anxious boring dangerous hard
eager easy good strange
pleased prepared ready able
usual common difficult
It is dangerous to drive in this weather Mike is anxious to see his family We are ready to leave now It is difficult to pass this test
Chú ý: able capable có nghĩa cách dùng khác nhau: (able/ unable) to smt = (capable/ incapable) of doing smt
After an Object (sau tân ngữ)
Trong trường hợp tân ngữ động từ nguyên thể (loại 1) danh từ hay đại từ trực tiếp đứng trước phải dạng tân ngữ (complement form)
Joe asked her to call him
S + V + {pronoun/ noun in complement form} + [to + verb]
Sau số động từ đòi hỏi tân ngữ động từ nguyên thể có đại từ làm tân ngữ gián tiếp allow
ask beg
convince expect instruct
invite order permit
persuade prepare promise
remind urge want We ordered him to appear in court
I urge you to reconsider your decision
They were trying to persuade him to change his mind The teacher permitted them to turn their assignments in late You should prepare your son to take this examination Dùng cấu trúc: There + tobe + n/ pro + to V
Ex: There is another way to solve this problem Đứng sau danh từ
S + V + N + to V I have no wish to quarrel with you He showed a determination to please Dùng với từ để hỏi (how, when, where ) sau số động từ
V + từ để hỏi + to V She knows how to please people Show them how to exercise Dùng cụm từ độc lập với phần lại câu.
To tell you the truth, I don't know what the answer is (Xin thú thật với anh, trả lời sao.) Dùng câu than
Oh! To be young again (Ơi! Ước trẻ lại) Dùng cấu trúc sau:
(13)We came early to help you + tobe + too adj (for n/ pro) + to V để The box is too heavy for me to lift + tobe + adj enough (forn/ pro) to V đủ
This book is easy enough for you to read III MỘT SỐ TRƯỜNG HỢP ĐẶC BIỆT
A Bảng động từ mà tân ngữ sau động từ nguyên thể hoặc verb-ing mà ngữ nghĩa không thay đổi
Begin can't stand
continue dread
hate like
love prefer
start
He started to study after dinner = he started studying after dinner
Lưu ý bảng có động từ can't stand to do/doing smt: chịu đựng phải làm
He can't stand to wait (waiting) such a long time
B Một số động từ đặc biệt : Đó động từ mà ngữ nghĩa chúng đổi khác hoàn toàn tân ngữ sau động từ nguyên thể verb-ing
1a) Stop to smt: dừng lại để làm gì
He stoped to smoke = Anh ta dừng lại để hút thuốc 1b) Stop doing smt: dừng làm việc gì
He stoped smoking = Anh ta bỏ thuốc 2a) Remember to smt: Nhớ phải làm gì
Remember to send this letter = Hãy nhớ gửi thư 2b) Remember doing smt: Nhớ làm gì
I remember locking the door before leaving, but now I can't find the key
Đặc biệt thường dùng với mẫu câu: S + still remember + V-ing : Vẫn nhớ I still remember buying the first motorbike
3a) Forget to smt: quên phải làm
I forgot to pickup my child after school = Tơi qn khơng đón
3b) Forget doing smt: (quên làm gì). Đặc biệt thường dùng với mẫu câu S + will never forget + V-ing: không quên
She will never forget meeting the Queen = Cô không quên lần gặp Nữ hoàng 4a) Regret to smt: Lấy làm tiếc phải làm gì (thường dùng báo tin xấu)
We regret to inform the passengers that the flight for Washington DC was canceled because of the bad weather
4b) Regret doing smt: Lấy làm tiếc làm
He regrets leaving school early It's the biggest mistake in his life
5a) Try to smt: cố gắng để làm Ex: I try to study hard to get a scholarship 5b) try doing smt: thử làm Ex: She try wearing that new shirt but it doesn’t fit her 6 Allow/ permit
6a) Allow/ permit Ving st: cho phép làm điều 6b) Allow/ permit sb to V st: cho phép làm điều EXERCISES:
Exercise 1: Underlined the correct answer.
1. He wanted (see) ……… the house where the president was born 2. He is expected (arrive) ……… in a few days
3. I would like him (go) ……… to a university but I can’t make him go 4. I am looking forward to (see) ……… you
(14)6. She was angry and refused……… (speak) to me 7. I am beginning (understand) ……… what you mean 8. People used (travel) ……… on horseback
9. I regret (inform) ……… you that your application form has been refused He spends a lot of time (read) ……… books
3 I regret (not/listen) ……… to my father’s advice He was right I don’t enjoy (take) ……… care of as if I were a child
5 He is interested in……… ( do) the job himself Would you mind……… (help) me with this
7 The boys like (play) ……… games but hate (do) lessons You should practice ( speak) ……… English every day I always try to avoid……… (borrow) money from my friends 10 I don’t allow (smoke) ……… in my drawing-room
11 Would you mind (show) ……… me how (work) ……… the lift 12 It is no use (wait) ……… him
Exercise 2: Put the verb in the brackets in the correct form.
1 I’m looking forward to ……….you at Christmas ( see/ seen/ seeing ) Litter boys like ……… trees ( climb/ climbing/ have climbed ) Mr.Ha decided ……… … his new suit (wearing/ to wear/ wear )
4 Some people are used to ……… … in crowded buses (standing/ stand/ stood ) I dislike ………… ……… on the subway ( to ride/ riding/ ride )
6 I enjoy ……… with Miss Phuong (to study/ studying / studied ) Students must practice ……… …….(to use/ using / use ) Hoa and Lan have stopped ……….to each other (to talk/ talking/ talks) He is learning (play) ……… piano
10 She asked me (give) ……… her my book
11 I expect (enter) ………graduate school 12 We are preparing (have)………a party
13 Please remember (lock) ……… the door when you go away 14 You had better (go) ………to bed early
15 People should (stop)……… letter rubbish into rivers 16 He made me (do) ………it over again
17 Before (give) evidence you must swear (speak) the truth 18 I tried (persuade) him (agree) _with your proposal 19 Your windows need (clean) _.Would you like me (do) _them for you 20 Would you mind (shut) _the window? I hate (sit) _in a draught 21 Stop (talk) _; I am trying (finish) _a letter 22 His doctor advised him (give) _up (jog) _ 23 My watch keeps (stop) _
24 He hates (answer) the phone, and very often just lets it (ring) _
25 If you go on (let) your dog (chase) _cars he will end by (be) _run over
26 I prefer (drive) _to (be) _driven
27 I advise you (start) _ (look) _for a flat at once 28 Would you mind (lend) _me some money? I forgot (cash) a cheque 29 (Lie) _on the beach is much more pleasant than (sit) _in the office 30 She like her children (go) _to the dentist every six months
31 An instructor is coming (show) _us how (use) _the machine 32 I have no intention of (go) _to that film
33 I suggest (telephone) _the hospitals before (ask) _the police (look) _for him
(15)37 He postponed (make) _a decision until it was too late (do) anything 38 Try (forget) _it; It isn’t worth (worry) _about it
39 There is no point in (remain) _in a dangerous place if you can’t anything (help) _the people who have (stay) _ there
40 At first I enjoyed (listen) _to him but after a while I got tired of (hear) _the same story again and again
41 He’s expecting ……… (make) a trip to Ha Long Bay 42 Students stopped ………(make) noise when the teacher came in
43 Ann likes ……… (cook) but hate … ……… (wash) uprcise 44 Do you agree ……….(lend) me some money?
45 My parents decided ……… (take) a taxi because it was late
46 My watch keeps ……… (stop) I enjoy ……… (listen) to classical music
Exercise 2: Multiple choice questions: I enjoy _ alone
a be b to be c being d to have been
2 Would you like _to the party?
a to come b come c coming d to have come
3 Do you mind _ such a long way to work everyday?
a to travel b travel c to have travelled d travelling
4 I don’t like that house I would hate _there
a live b living c to live d to have lived
5 Sometimes I would like _ to play the piano
a to learn b learning c learn d to have learned
6 Please remember _this letter
a to post b post c posting d to have posted
7 We tried _the fire out but we were unsuccessful We had to call the fire- brigade
a putting b put c to put d to have put
8 Someone must have taken my bag I clearly remember _ it by the window and now it has gone
a leave b to leave c to have left d leaving
9 Jane needed some money She tried _Harry but he couldn’t help her
a to have asked b to ask c asking d ask
10 Please tell me how _this
a b to c doing d to have done
11 One is never too old _
a to learn b learning c learn d to have learned
12 You are old enough _out alone
a going b to go c to have gone d go
13 I’m glad _you
a to meet b meet c meeting d to have met
14 It’s nice _you
a to know b know c knowing d to have known
15 We stopped _ hello to her
a say b to say c saying d to have said
16 It’s no use those things
a buy b buying c to buy d to be bought
17 After , she invited the audience to ask questions
a finish b finished c finishing d to finish
18 Robbins started a few years ago
a to jog b jogging c jog d A and B are correct
19 I suggest some more mathematics puzzles
a b to c doing d done
20 My computer needs _
(16)21 - are you from? China
a Where b Who c Which d When
22 The River Thames - through London
a is flowing b was flowing c flows d flow 23 I want - at home tonight
a staying b to stay c stay d stayed 24 Alice isn’t interested in - for a new job
a look b to look c looks d looking
25 - have you studied English? For 10 years
a How long b How c Where d Who
26 I - to the cinema last night
a go b goes c went d am going
27 I can’t afford that ring It - too much
a costs b cost c is costing d a & b correct 28 We’re going out for dinner Would you like - us?
a joining b to join c join d joins 29 - is your father? He’s forty- five
a How old b How c What d How far
30 They - married five years ago
a get b are getting c gets d got
31 Don’t forget - the coffee pot
a unplugging b to unplug c unplug d None is correct 32 Normally, I - to bed at around 10:30 every night
a goes b went c go d am going
33 When Beth got tired, she stopped -
a working b to work c work d works
34 Don’t forget - the letter I gave you yesterday
a post b posting c posts d to post
35 - is it from your house to school? kilometers
a How b How far c Where d How many
36 I - my bag when I was running for a bus
a drop b drops c dropped d to drop
37 Her boss refuses - her a raise
a giving b to give c give d a & b correct 38 People - the first May Day in England in 1890
a celebrate b celebrates c are celebrating d celebrated 39 -is it? It’s seven o’clock
a What time b When c Which d How
40 She enjoys - with many people
a work b working c to work d works
41 Now scientists can - rubber from guayule
a makes b making c to make d make
42 - people are there in your family? There are people a How much b How c How many d Which
43 TV - many more entertainment programs than any other kind a provide b provided c provides d is providing
44 Mary was in a difficult situation, so he agreed - her some money a to lend b lend c lending d a & c correct
45 - were you absent yesterday? Because I was sick
a What b Why c Who d When
46 They sometimes avoid - him
a meeting b meet c to meet d meets
47 He - the exciting football match on TV last night
a miss b misses c to miss d missed
(17)a going b go c to go d goes 49 - made that cake? Tom
a When b Who c Which d How
50 Would you mind - the door? Thanks
a opening b open c opens d to open
TOPIC 5: THE PAST PERFECT TENSES (THÌ Q KHỨ HỒN THÀNH) - Công thức:
- Cách dùng:
- Diễn tả hành đông chấm dứt trước hành động khác khứ - Hành động chấm dứt trước thời diểm khứ
Ex: We had finished school before 1990
They had studied English before they began to go to work - Dấu hiệu nhận biết: after , before, when ,until , as soon as, by
Các từ với QKHT:
o QKHT + before/ by the time + QKĐ
o QKĐ + after + QKHT
o QKĐ + as soon as + QKĐ/ QKHT
o QKĐ + until + QKĐ/ QKHT (ngay ….thì, vừa … )
o When, already
Ex: He got a job after he had finished high school EXERCISE
Exercise1: Give the correct form of the verb in brackets: He ………(do) nothing before he saw me
2 He thanked me for what I ……… (do) I ………(be) sorry that I had hurt him
4 After they had gone, I ………(sit) down and ……….(rest) He ……… (die) after he ……… (be) ill a long time As soon as you ……… (go), I ……….(want) to see you again Before you ………….(go) very far, we found that we …………(lose) our way My friend ………(not see) me for many years when I met him
9 My father ……….(tell) me he ………….(give) up smoking 10 He ………(be) late because he ………(have) an accident
11 By the time he arrived at the party, all his classmates (leave) ………… 12 When I was a child, I (play) ……… the violin
13 The man sitting next to me on the plane was nervous because he (not / fly) before 14 They (live) ………… in Scotland for ten years Now they live in London
15 Sorry, we’re late, we (take) ……… the wrong turning
16 We (live)…………in New York for ten years and then we (move)……… ….here in 1987 17 When Martin (repair)……… the car, he took it out for a drive
18 We (not / meet)……… ……….them before the reception yesterday Exercise 2: Choose the best answer:
1 'Was Tom there when you arrived?' `Yes, but he home soon afterwards’ a goes b went c had gone d were going
2 Before Jennifer won the lottery, she any kind of contest
a hasn't entered b doesn't enter c wasn't entering d hadn't entered (+) S+ had + PP (V3/ed)
(18)3 'Who was the woman in red dress? Did you know?` ‘No I " who she was I her before
a didn't know/ hadn't seen b didn't know/ hasn't seen c hadn't known/ hadn't seen d don't know/ hasn't seen
4 Did you say that you here only three days ago? a were coming b had come c have come d come By the time he arrived at the party, all his classmates
a has left b left c was leaving d had left When I was a child the violin
a I was playing b I had played c I play d I played It's two years Joe
a that I don't see b that I haven't seen
c since I didn't see d since I saw
8 The man sitting next to me on the plane was nervous becausehe before a hasn't flown b didn't fly c hadn't flown d wasn't flying They in Scotland for ten years Now they live in London
a lived b have lived c has been living d had lived
10.As soon as Laura the house, it started to rain a has left b was leaving c had left had been leaving 11 Sorry we're late, we the wrong turning
a had taken b were taking c took d are taking
12 We in New York for ten years and then we here in 1987
a have lived/ moved b lived / moved
c lived/ had moved d had lived / moved
13 When Martin the car he took it out for a drive
a had repaired b has repaired c repaired d was repairing 14 We them before the reception yesterday
a haven't met b hadn't met c didn't meet d wouldn't meet
15 Karen didn't want to come to the cinema with us because she the film
a has already seen b already had seen
c had already seen d.saw
16 a It - heavily yesterday after it - dry for months a rained – had been b had rained – was
c rained – was d had rained – had been 16. - money you spend? – About five thousand a week a How many b How much c Where d How 17.I - Mary for a long time
a knew b know c have known d is knowing 18.When he arrived at the station, his train -
a had already left b has already left
c already left d already leave
19.He - Mexican food on Saturday
a cooked b cook c had cooked d cooks 20.Shirley -her day off yesterday
a enjoys b enjoyed c has enjoyed d had enjoyed 21.I look forward to - home next month
a go b to go c going d goes
22.Tom - a newspaper reporter before he a businessman a was – had become b had been – became
c was – became d had been – had become 23. - you play football? Twice a week
a How long b When c Where d How often
24.I regret - him some money He never paid me back a to lend b lending c lend d a & b correct
(19)a makes b make c made d had made 26.She’ll arrange - you at the airport tomorrow
a to meet b meet c meeting d meets 27.We - a noise after we - downstairs
a heard – came b had heard – had come c had heard – came d heard – had come
28.Today - the 14th of June I - this book two weeks ago
a was – bought b is – bought
c is – buy d was – had bought
29.I avoided - Mary the truth because I knew she would be angry a tell b to tell c telling d tells
30. - did you last night? I watched TV
a What b Who c Where d When
31.Remember - your room everyday!
a clean b cleaning c cleans d to clean 32.Last night he - to my house after he - his work a came – finished b came – had finished c had come – had finished d had come – finished
33.Big companies often - a lot of money making advertising to sell their products a spent b spends c had spent d spend
34. - didn’t you meet her yesterday? Because I was busy
a What b Why c How d When
35.Ted managed - my mind
a change b changing c to change d b & c correct 36.He always - his mother with housework
a helps b help c helped d had helped
37.He seldom - by motorbike before he - to Vietnam last year a traveled – went b had traveled – had gone
c traveled – had gone d had traveled – went 38.She can - little Chinese
a speaks b spoke c speak d speaking 39.You shouldn’t put off - your bills
a to pay b paying c pay d a& b correct 40. - is this river? meters
a How b How width c How wide d How high
41.The guests - after they - their room for the party last night a came – had decorated b came – decorated
c had come – had decorated d had come – decorated 42.She often - it boring to talk to him
a find b finds c found d had found 43.Thank you for - me carry the packages to the post office a help b to help c helping d helps
44.Sam - before we - there
a had left – had got b left – got
c left – had got d had left – got
Exercise 3: Identify the one underlined word or phrase - A, B, C or D - that mast be changed for the sentence to be correct.
45.Before she became a film star, she has been a standup comedian A B C D
46.I'm trying to persuade my sister to drive but I can’t get her it
A B C D
(20)A B C D
49.My mother makes me doing my homework so I can't go out A B C D
TOPIC 6: THE PRESENT SIMPLE, THE PAST SIMPLE TENSE, THE PAST PERFECT & ADV OF FREQUENCY. I OBJECTIVES:By the end of the lesson, Ss can be able to:
- Continue making sure their understanding about the present simple and the past simple tense through exercises II PROCEDURES:
Exercise 1: Use The Present Simple or The Past Simple tense of the verbs in brackets: Diana (wash) ……… her hair every other day or so
2 I (not / go) to school last Sunday
3 Kathy (sit, usually) ……… in front of the row during class
4 .you (lock, always) ………… the doors of your apartment when you (leave) ………? Yesterday, I (go) to the restaurant with a client
6 Mike (attend) ……….college from September to May every year, but in this summer he (have, usually) ……… a job in the post office
7 I’m bored with this program When it (finish) ………?
8 The art exhibition (open) ……… on 20 May and (finish) ……….on 15 July .she (get) married last year?
9 Why she (not, visit) ……… us these days? 10 What you (do) last night? - I (do) my homework 11 The shops (open) …………at 6:30 most days
12 My father (not / listen) ……….to music at night
13 Last year, we (live)……….in Nha Trang with our grandparents 14 Yesterday, I (send) ……….Daisy a letter but she (not reply)………… 15 What…….you (do) ? – I am a doctor
16 Birds (sing)……, don’t they?
17 What time ……… shops (close) ……in your country?
18 Every day, Ba (go) …… to school at am but yesterday, he (go)……… to school at 6:30 am He (be) ….late
19 Last month, my brother (send)… me his photographs He (send) …… his photographs every year 20 I (not / know) ……… how to dance when I (be) six years old
21 How many cigarettes ……… your father (smoke)……… a day? What time ……… you (go) ………to the market yesterday? - I (not remember)………,I am sorry
22 Nam is a careful driver but yesterday he (drive)……… carelessly 23 The earth (circle) ………the sun once every 365 days
24 Yesterday when I was making a cake, the light (go)……… out I (have)…… to make it in the dark 25 My house (be)……… built in 1990
26 It usually (take)………me hour to the washing every day 27 Don’t believe him! He never (tell)……….the truth
28 Yesterday, she (spend)………2 hours cleaning her bedroom 29 Ha Noi (be)………the capital of Viet Nam
Exercise 2: Write complete sentences Use the past simple or the present simple of the verbs.
(21)7 Last night / Phong /listen / music / for two hours => they / have / nice / weekend => He/ get up/ o’clock/ morning => 10 He/ do/ morning exercises/ before/ breakfast => 11 He/ ride/ school/ 6.30/ every day => 12 He/ go/ bed/ 10 o’clock => 13 He/ have/ lunch/ home/ his family => Exercise 3: Put the “adverb of frequency” in brackets in its correct position.
11 We go to Hanoi in the spring (always)
………
12 My neighbors are out on Sundays (usually)
………
13 We travel by plane (sometimes)
………
14 Jim never phones me I have to phone him (always)
………
15 We go to a restaurant on Friday evenings (often)
………
16 She is late for class (seldom)
………
17 I didn’t understand the directions (fully)
………
18 I get up at six o’clock (normally)
………
19 What you after school? (usually)
………
20 Is Phong interested in stamps? (always)
………
Exercise Use the right tense of the verbs in brackets.
1 I (like) ……… …….film I often (go) ……….……to the cinema Thao (send) ……… ….three letters to her parents last week Her father (drive) ……….… her to school every day
4 Dad and I (work) ……….… in our garden yesterday Quan usually (have) ……….… bread and milk for breakfast Two new students (arrive) ………… …………from Singapore a few months ago I will tell you a secret when I (meet) ………you tomorrow
8 The last time she (write) ……… to me was in 2005
9 It’s time we (sell) ……….this old car and bought a new one 10 It is seven years since we last (talk) ……… …… to Daisy
11 Water (boil)……… ……….at 100 degree Celsius 12 I will see him when he (come)……… ……… here tomorrow
13 As soon as the light turned red, she (stop)……… ………the car 14 Harry works all the time He (relax / never)……….………
15 The last time I (go)……….………… swimming was when we were in Spain
16 I (get up / normally)……….…at six o’clock, but sometimes I have to be up by five 17 We (have to / always)……… a long time for the bus
(22)19 Please don’t touch anything before the police (come)……… ………
20 “When ………penicillin (discover)……… ………… ?._ “In 1928” 21 It’s at least a month since I last (see)……… ……… Tom
22 People (speak)………… ………… English and French in Canada 23 The light (go)………….………… out while we were having tea
14 Glenda (work)……….……… extremely hard when she was a student
15 The World War II (begin)………….……….in 1939 and (end)……… ……in 1945 16 Who (hear)………the boss tell him that? – Peter did
17 According to the research reports, people usually (turn)……….in their sleep 25 to 30 times each night
18 Susan usually (do)……… her homework after dinner 19 He had a bath, and then he (go)……… to bed
20 My uncle (buy)………… ………twenty calves last week, now he is feeding them up to sell
Exercise Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed for the sentence to be correct.
1 Before going to bed, Mrs Tuyet usually read something or watches some programs on TV a b c d
2 It’s ten years since we have left school in 1996 a b c d
3 I was working really hard in my office when the light goes out a b c d
4 She usually has a glass of milk after breakfast, but now she drinks a cup of coffee
a b c d
5 Are you ready? It’s time we go a b c d
6 Frank is usually swimming before work, but this morning he is jogging
a b c d
7 I have learnt English for I was 10 years old a b c d Why you called me so late last night? a b c d
9 Mr Miller doesn’t likes being kept waiting a b c d
10 Everybody danced and sang happy at the party last night a b c d
Exercise Put the verbs in the “Past Perfect or Past Simple”
13 I went to the box office at lunch time, but they (already / sell)……… all the tickets
14 I felt very tired when I got home, so I (go)………straight to bed 15 “Was Tom at the party when you arrived?” – “No, he (go)……… ……… ” 16 Sorry, I’m late The car (break)……… down on my way here
17 The house was very quiet when I (get)……….home Everybody (go)……… …… out for dinner
18 After she (fill)……….……the basket, she went to the check out
19 Yesterday morning I (remember)……….the answer to the question Bob (ask)……… me the night before, so I phoned him
(23)21 Angela asked me how to use the photocopier She (never / use)……….…….………… it before, so she didn’t know what to
22 Two days ago I (meet) ……….……an old friend who I (not see) ……….… … for years
11 The man looked familiar I (see) ……… him somewhere before
12 Last night a tornado swept through Rockville It (destroy) ………everything in its path 13 When we (pay) ………… the bill, we left the restaurant
14 When the firework (go) ……….off, the dog (run) ………… away 15 Marie Curie (award) ……….a Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1911 16 By the time she was twelve, she (already / decide) … …… ……
on a career
17 ‘Was Tom there when you arrived?’ ‘Yes, but he (go) …home soon afterwards.’ 18 Before Jennifer won the lottery, she (not / enter) ……any kind of contest 19 – “Who was the woman in red dress? Did you know?”
- “No, I didn’t know who she was I (not / see) ………….her before.” 20 Did you say that you (come) ………… here only three days ago? 21 By the time he arrived at the party, all his classmates (leave) ………… 22 When I was a child, I (play) ……… the violin
23 It’s two years since I (see) ………Joe
24 The man sitting next to me on the plane was nervous because he (not / fly) before 25 They (live) ………… in Scotland for ten years Now they live in London
26 Sorry, we’re late, we (take) ……… the wrong turning
27 We (live)…………in New York for ten years and then we (move)……… ….here in 1987 28 When Martin (repair)……… the car, he took it out for a drive
29 We (not / meet)……… ……….them before the reception yesterday
30 Karen didn’t want to come to the cinema with us because she (already / see)……… the film
Exercise 7: Mixed excercises
1 May (come) ……… from London
2 Some animals (not eat) ……… during winter People (speak) ……… English in almost Canada My father (not watch) ……… TV every night He (behave) ……… badly towards his wife Many tourists (visit) ……… that castle People (not/travel) ……… to Mars
8 She sometimes (buy) ……… vegetables at this market The concert (start) ……… at 7.30
10 We (be) ……… students at Le Van Thiem high school
11 When I (leave) ……… the house, I (not / have) ……… breakfast yet
12 Jim (crash) ……… into another car because he (not / realize) ……… the red traffic light
13 They (spend) ……… their honeymoon in Paris, where they (meet) ……… two years before
14 Yesterday John (go) ……… to the store before he (go) ……… home 15 I (feel) ……… a little better after I (take) ……… the medicine 16 My father (not/ use to/have ) ……… coffee for breakfast
17 I (use to /stay) ……… up late at night
(24)TOPIC 7: THE + ADJECTIVES, USED TO+INFINITIVE , WHICH AS CONNECTOR.
I. The + adjective
a Ta thành lập danh từ tập hợp cách thêm "the" vào trước tính từ.
E.g poor (adj): nghèo - the poor (n): người nghèo rich (adj): giàu - the rich (n): người giàu
b Danh từ tập hợp dùng danh từ số nhiều nên động từ theo sau chia số nhiều. E.g The sick are taken care of by the doctors
The poor need help from the sick II. Used to + Infinitive
1 Forms.
(+) S + used to + V(to inf.)
(-) S + didn't + use to + V(to inf.) Did + S + use to + V(to inf.)? (?)
Wh-questions + did + S + use to + V(to inf.)? 2 Usage.
a Used to dùng để diễn tả thói quen khứ, thường để tương phản với Trong trường hợp không thiết phải dùng trạng từ thời gian.
E.g I used to smoke 20 cigarettes a day, but now I don't smoke b Used to dùng để tình trạng khứ E.g I used to own a house (I owned a house once.)
He didn't use to go out at night with friends Did you your mother use to morning exercises?
c Phân biệt cách dùng USED TO TO BE USED TO
* Used to + bare - infinitive: Chỉ thói quen hay việc thường làm khứ E.g He used to cried for candies (Cậu thường khóc địi kẹo.)
She didn't use to be patient (Cô thường không kiên nhẫn lắm.)
* To be used to + gerund / noun: việc ta quen làm tương lai. E.g Are you used to driving on the left hand side? (Bạn có quen lái xe bên trái không?) We are used to the noise from the factory
(Chúng quen với tiếng ồn phát từ nhà máy.)
Ngồi động từ TO BE, ta dùng với động từ TO GET, TO BECOME với "used to" để diễn tả việc bắt đầu quen với
E.g I have become used to driving on the left (Tôi quen với việc lái xe bên trái.)
She is getting used to working from morning till night
(Cô trở nên quen với việc làm việc từ sáng đến tối.)We use the + adjective to describe a group of people as a whole
Example: the rich = rich people (a group of people who are rich) III "Which" as a connector.
(25)E.g She can't speak English It is a disadvantage She can't speak English, which is a disadvantage
(Cô khơng nói tiếng Anh điều bất tiện.) "Which" câu thay cho " She can't speak English."
B Exercises.
Exercises 1: Rewrite the sentences using a phrase with “the” and an adjective instead of the underlined phrases.
1 People who have lots of money have comfortable lives
The rich have comfortable lives
2 We live near a special school for people who can’t hear
The old soldiers were holding a service for those who had died
The government should more people who not have enough money
I’m doing a course on caring for people who are mentally handicapped
We need provide more shelters for people who are without place to live
People with severe disabilities need full-time care
Live must be hard for people who not have a job in our society today
What can we to feed people who not have enough to eat?
10 Braille is a reading system for people who are unable to see
Exercise 2: Use The + Adjective from the list to complete each sentence
disabled, rich, deaf, unemployed, dumb, poor, blind, injured ……… have to help ………
……….….in the accident yesterday morning was taken to hospital immediately The little boy is helping ………cross the street
…… … and………… use a system of sign language to communicate with each other The government should take an urgent step to help ………
Don’t make fun of ……… Exercise 3: Choose the correct word between brackets The rich (is / are ) ………… not always happy The poor (is / are )………not always unhappy The dead never ……….( return / returns )
10 The lazy can never ……….( succeeds / succeed ) 11 The young ( have / has ) ………the future in their hand Exercises 4: Use “WHICH” to combine each pair of sentences.
1 John is always late for class This annoys the teacher
(26)2 People today put advertisements on TV or in newspapers This makes it possible to produce more things to sell
He passed the exam with high grades This made everybody in the family pleased
We’ve lost her phone number This makes it difficult to contact her
Jane couldn’t come to my birthday party This made me feel sad
She has promised herself to be on time every day That is a good idea
She has found a new job That is lucky
She usually came to work on time That pleased her boss
John is always late for class This annoys the teacher
……… ………
10 People today put advertisements on TV or in newspapers This makes it possible to produce more things to sell
……… ……… …… 11 He passed the exam with high grades This made everybody in the family pleased
……… ……… ……… ……
12 We have lost her phone number This makes it difficult to contact her
……… ……… …… 13 Jane couldn’t come to my birthday party This made me feel sad
……… ……… ………
14 She has promised herself to be on time to work every day That is a good idea
……… ……… ……… 15 Tim has found a new job That is lucky
……… ……… ……… …… 16 She usually comes to work on time That pleases her boss
……… ……… ………
17 A dictionary is a book This gives you the meaning of words
……… ……… …… Exercise 5: Put the verb in the brackets in the correct form:
1 My father used to (smoke) 30 cigarrettes a day
2 He is used to (write) with his right hand
3 When I was young, I (not use) to go out for a walk
4 you (use to) live here?
5 There used to (be) _trees in this area
Exercise 6: Write a sentence for each of the following using used or didn't use to.
1. Dennis gave up smoking two years ago Dennis used to smoke a lot
2. When Barbara was in Italy, she stayed with an Italian family
_
3. I quite like drinking coffee in the morning, although I wasn’t keen on it when I was younger
4 We seem to have lost interest in our work
(27)5 I don't mind traveling, by train now
I went to the church when I was a child
Since we've lived in the countryside We've been much happier
Mr Micheal grew tulips but he doesn't any more
6 I prefer listening to classical music now, although when I was young I couldn't stand it
6 My sister looked so fat when she returned from Paris
Exercise 7: Combine these sentences to make one sentence Make any necessary changes. The bus goes up Oxchard Avenue It doesn't stop at the supermarket
I am lazy This annoys my parents
The performance went on for three hours It was carefully prepared The tree had died They cut it down
Jill always comes to class late This makes the teacher angry
6 They decided to choose the green motorbike They had always wanted a green motorbike
7 Next weekend I'll have to visit the dentist again I dislike visiting a dentist We are talking about my brother Jim He is very keen on dogs
10 Jim has a lot of money This puts him in trouble with his friends
Exercises Choose the best answer to complete each sentence below.
1. Many people lost their homes in the earthquake The government is trying to establish more shelters to care for ………
A the childless B the homeless C the blind D the deaf 2 Our teacher is very proud ……her work
A in B at C of D with
3. Without the Braille Alphabet, it would be very difficult for ……… A the disabled B the deaf C the mute D the blind 4. Her class is different …… other class
A on B from C in D at
5 They gave a clear …… of their intentions
A demonstrate B demonstrative C demonstration D demonstrating 6. The little boy is helping ………cross the street
A the poor B the rich C the blind D the young
7 He is always late for class, ………annoys the teacher
A which B this C what D that
8. Now I don’t go to school on foot as I ……
A had been B did C used to D was
9. Mary …….for the telephone company, but now she has a job at the post office A works B used to work C having working D working
10 My phone is out of order, …….is a real nuisance
(28)11 She used to …….a lot but she doesn’t go away much these days
A travelling B travel C travelled D travels
12 She ……….very lazy but she works very hard these days
A is B uses to be C be D used to be
13 She didn’t ………tea but she likes it now
A used to drink B use to eat C use to drink D drank
14 He rushed into the burning building, ……… was very brave A it B who C that D which 15 My father didn’t ………coffee for breakfast
A used to have B use to have C use to having D use be having 16 Without the Braille Alphabet it would be very difficult for ………
A disabled B the deaf C the mute D the blind
17 Thuy’s class is different ………other classes because the children are disabled A on B from C in D at
18 The little boy is helping……… cross the street
A the poor B the rich C the blind D the young 19 Many people lost their home in the Earthquake The government is trying to establish more shelters to care for ………
A the childless B the homeless C the blind D the deaf 20 The government should have special policies to help the ……… A disable B disabled C disability D disablement 21 I ………….up late at night
A use to stay B am used to stay C used to staying D am used to staying 22 The blind child ……… a great effort to learn “Braille ”
A did B got C made D created 23 There was a lot of ……….from the local residents
A oppose B opposite C opponent D opposition
24 I’d like to introduce you to Mrs Thuy, ……… is the teacher of this special class A that B which C who D whom
25 The children will learn how ……….sums
A to B doing C D will 26 We ……….for the delay in answering your letter
A sorry B regret C apologize D excuse 27 very few people can ……….my name correctly
A pronoun B pronounce C announce D allow 28 The blind ……… unable to see anything
A is B are C am D have 29 He said it was right that ……… should beg
A blind B the blinds C the blind D the blindness Exercises Find ONE mistake in each sentence.
1. Jane couldn’t come to my party, this made me feel sad A B C D 2. Dennis used to smoking a lot a year ago
A B C D 3. The young has the future in their hands A B C D
4 Jane couldn’t come to my birthday party, this made me feel sad A B C D Dennis used to smoking a lot a year ago
A B C D
(29)(thì hồn thành dạng bị đơng tai hồn thành) I THE PRESENT PERFECT
- Công thức:
Ex: John has just cleaned the floor
They have not received their salary yet
Have the students finished doing the home work ? Notes: You / we / they / plural noun / I + have She / he / it / single noun + has - Cách dùng:
- Diễn đạt hành động xảy thời điểm không xác định khứ Ex: John has traveled around the world (We don't know when)
- Chỉ hành động xảy nhiều lần khứ tiếp tục tương lai
Ex: George has seen this movie for three times (Maybe he will see this movie more)
- Một hành động bắt đầu diễn khứ tiếp tục tương lai kết hành động cịn liên quan đến
Ex: John has lived in that house for 20 years (He still lives there.)
I have painted the door Don’t touch it! (hành động sơn liên quan đến cửa cịn ướt khơng nên đụng vào)
Dấu hiệu nhận biết:
- Những cụm từ đứng đầu câu cuối câu Ex: So far the problem has not been resolved
- Dùng với recently, lately (gần đây) cụm từ đứng đầu cuối câu Ex: I have not seen him recently
- Dùng với before đứng cuối câu Ex: I have seen him before
- Dùng với ever, never đứng sau have/ has câu Ex:I have never met him
- Cụm từ thời gian: for, over, in, during: the past, the last + khoảng thời gian Ex: I haven’t met him for the last 10 years
Cách dùng SINCE FOR:.
FOR + khoảng thời gian: for three days, for ten minutes, for twenty years SINCE + thời điểm bắt đầu: since 1982, since January,
Cách dùng ALREADY YET:
- Already dùng câu khẳng định, already đứng sau have đứng cuối câu ( + ) S + have / has + PP
( - ) S + have / have + not + PP ( ? ) Have / Have + S + PP … ?
- recently = lately : gần - in the last few years : vài năm qua
- already :đã - for a long time : lâu
- for ages : nhiều năm - just : vừa
- until now = up to now = up to the present
= so far : - (not) … yet : chưa
- never : chưa - ever :
(30)Ex: We have already written our reports We have written our reports already
- Yet dùng câu phủ định, câu nghi vấn Yet thường xuyên đứng cuối câu
Ex: We haven't written our reports yet Have you written your reports yet?
- Trong số trường hợp thể phủ định, yet đứng sau have phải thay đổi mặt ngữ pháp: động từ PII trở dạng nguyên thể có to khơng dùng not
Ex: John has yet to learn the material = John hasn't learnt the material yet
II Passive voice with present perfect.
Active : S + have / has + V3 + O
Passive : S + have / has + been + V3 + by …. A EXCERCISES
Exercise1: Give the correct form of the verb in brackets:
1 She ……… ……… … (wait) for two hours to see you She ……… ……… (be) to America
John ……… ……… … (see) that film several times
They ……… ……… ……(live) in this street for a long time She ……… ………….…… (not speak) to me since last week We ……… ………… (study) every lesson in the book, so far I ……… ……….(have) three colds this winter Up to now, John ……… ……….(work) very hard They ……… ……… (sell) their house several days ago 10 John ……… ……… (work) for this company since 1980
11 Linda is working in this department She ………… ………… (work) here for two years 12 Many people in this class ………… ……… … (see) this beautiful house several times 13 They ……… ……… ………(live) in London from 1970 to 1990
14 They ……… ……….(live) in China since 2000
15 We ……….…… …….(study) English at this school for a month 16 Our present teacher ……… ………… … (live) in this city all of his life 17 This boy ……… ……….(not / finish) his homework yet 18 I ……… … (speak) to him about your work several times already
19 ……… ….…you ………… ………….…… (ever travel) to China before ? 20 he ……….….(receive) a letter just a few minutes ago
21 I ……… ………(not / see) John recently 22 It’s the third time you ……… ……….……….(lose) your key 23 This is one of the best books I ……… ……….(ever read)
(31)Exercise 2 : Active or Passive? Underline the correct verb form
25 Tom has just promoted / has just been promoted to area manager of East Asia 26 My father has taken / has been taken English class in the U.S
27 How many times have you / have you been fired?
28 How much money have you saved / have you been saved for your vacation 29 My brother has given / has been given tickets to the concert
30 The population of our city has risen / has been risen to nearly one million 31 A strike has called / has been called by the factory worker
32 They haven’t offered / haven’t been offered more money by the management Exercise 3 : Turn the following sentences into the passive.
1 His teacher has transferred him to another class
A scholar has translated that novel into Vietnamese
Somebody has taken my briefcase
Have you fed the dogs yet?
No one has used that car for 10 years
Exercise 4: Choose the one or phrase that best completes each sentence.
1 The program must be new, I………it before
a have never been seen b have ever seen c have never seen d have seen I………… able to play tennis since I………… my arm
a wasn’t/broke b haven’t been/had broken
c wasn’t/had broken d haven’t been/broke
3 Since the 1970s, computers………at a low enough cost to allow individuals to own a personal computer
a are produced b will be produced c were produced d have been produced This is the first time we ………to Scotland, so it’s all new to us
a are going b were c have been d will go
5 How often ………….your car serviced since you bought it?
a you get b did you get c had you gotten d have you gotten ……….yet?
a Has the report been written b Has the report written
c Did the report write d Was the report written
7 These flowers are fresh They ………from the garden
a have just been picked b have been just picked
c have been picked just d just have been picked
8 No one has used this computer for a long time a This computer was not used for a long time b This computer has been used for a long time c This computer has not used for a long time d This computer has not been used for a long time
TOPIC 9: RELATIVE PRONOUNS (ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ) A LÝ THUYẾT
o RELATIVE PRONOUN (DẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ)
(32)(Đại từ quan hệ) (Danh từ thay thế) (Chức năng)
Who Danh từ người Làm chủ từ
Whom Danh từ người Làm tân ngữ
Which Danh từ vật Làm chủ từ tân
ngữ that Danh từ người,vật, thay cho
which,whom,who trong mệnh đề hạn định
Làm chủ từ tân ngữ
whose Tính từ sở hữu sở hữu cách Làm chủ từ tân
ngữ
Who: who là đại từ quan hệ người đứng sau danh từ người để làm chủ từ cho động từ đứng sau The man who is standing over there is Mr Pike
Whom: whom là đại từ quan hệ người, đứng sau danh từ người để làm tân ngữ cho động từ đứng sau
Whom làm tân ngũ bỏ mệnh đề quan hệ xác định. That is the girl whom I told you about.
Which: which là đại từ quan hệ vật, đứng sau danh từ vật để làm chủ từ hay tân ngữ cho động từ đứng sau Which làm tân ngư bỏ mệnh đề quan hệ xác định.
Which thay cho mệnh đề đứng trước
Mary is late for school today, which is an strangeness The dress which I bought yesterday is very beautiful. This is the book which I like best.
That: That là đại từ quan hệ người lẫn vật That dùng thay cho who, whom, which mệnh đề quan hệ xác định
This is the book that I like best.
That luôn dùng sau danh từ hổn hợp (gồm người lẫn vật), sau đại từ everything, something, anything, all little, much, none sau dạng so sánh
Whose: Whose là đại từ quan hệ sở hữu Whose đứng sau danh từ người vật thay cho tính từ sở hữu sở hữu cách trước danh từ Whose kèm với danh từ
John found a cat whose leg was broken.
o RELATIVE ADVERDS (TRẠNG TỪ QUAN HỆ)
When: When trạng từ quan hệ thời gian, đứng sau danh từ thời gian When thay cho at/on/in + danh từ thời gian hoặc then.
May Day is a day when people hold a meeting.
Where: Where là trạng từ quan hệ nơi chốn, đứng sau danh từ nơi chốn Where thay cho at/on/in + danh từ nơi chốn hoặc there.
Do you know the country where I was born?
Why: Why trạng từ quan hệ lí Why thay cho for which. B EXCERCISES
Exercise 1: Use a relative pronoun (WHO, WHOM, WHICH, or THAT) to combine these pairs of sentences Use commas when necessary.
1 I bought a cell phone I can use it to send and receive e-mail
Now, there are psychologists They help technophobes use technology
A lot of people suffer from techno stress Those people work in my office
(33) My stereo doesn’t work today It worked yesterday
The man is a computer expert You are talking to him
Some documents have been found They were stolen from a car
Dr Michelle Weil wrote a book about “techno trees” She is a psychologist
He works for a computer magazine The magazine is very popular in Mexico
10 Marta has a brother Her brother’s name is Manuel
11 Do you know the man? They are talking about him
12 This subject is very important We are going to discuss it
13 Mr Brown is coming today He teaches me French
14 Tom loves his parents’ house He was born in that house
15 Do you remember the year? The Second World War ended in that year
16 The girl chatted with him yesterday She arrived here at 6:30
……… 17 I’m reading a book I bought it in Sydney in 1996
……… 18 The mechanic is an experienced one I sent for him to repair my motorbike
……… 19 Oxford university has many colleges It’s one of the oldest one in the world
……… 20.The police blocked up the road This caused a traffic jam
……… 21.This is Mrs Jones Her son won the championship last year
……… 23 Mr Phong is our geography teacher He has been teaching in our school for ten years
………
Exercise 2: Choose the best answer.
1 The woman _lives next door to us is a doctor
a that b whom c who d a and c
2 Mr Green is the man _ I was talking about
a whom b who c which d whose
(34)a which b where c when d who The restaurant _Bob recommended was too expensive
a where b which c whose d when
5 There was time movies cost a dime
a which b that c whose d when
6 Paul O’Grady, died a few years ago, was a kind and loving man
a whom b that c who d which
7 Bogota, is the capital city of Columbia, is a cosmopolitan city
a who b that c which d where
8 I enjoy talking to the people I had dinner with last night
a who b whom c whose d when
9 Sally lost her job, wasn’t surprise
a which b who c whom d that
10 I have three brothers, are professional athletes
a two of whom b who of two c two of that d whom of two
11 The boy to I lend my money is poor
a who b that c whom d whose
12 The land and the people I have met are nice
a that b who c which d whose
13 The letter……….our sister is reading is from London a who b that c which d b & c are correct 14 He gives me the tickets………….he bought yesterday
a Which b where c when d why
15 Do you know the music……… is being played on the radio?
a that b why c where d who
16 This is the man, ………I met in Paris
a that b who c whom d which
17 The man……….was driving the car was badly injured
a which b whom c whose d who
18 He’s a person……….wanted to buy your house
a whom b who c that d b& c are correct 19 That’s the woman,………I was telling you about
a who b that c whom d b & c are correct 20 Mr Nam,……… is coming here, is my English teacher a Whom b who c that d b & c are correct 21 Thank you for the gift………you sent to me
a who b whom c which d whose
22 The lady…………has gone to Paris was here yesterday
a whose b who c whom d which
23 The man …………father is a botanist is a biologist
a whose b who c whom d which
24 This is a book,………I bought at the bookstore
a where b which c that d b &c are correct 25 John is the man,…………we are going to recommend for the job a who b whom c that d b & c are correct 26 John found a cat…………leg was broken
a which b whom c whose d who
(35)a when b which c where d why
28 Genghis Khan, _ name means “very mighty ruler”, was a Mongol emperor in the Middle Ages
A whom B whose C who D how
29 The children _ sang at the Mayor's parade were from the local school
A whose B where C who D whom
30 The school program _ has been interrupted by revision tests require a regular course study
A whose B who C what D that
31 The girl dress you admire has been working for an export company since she left school
A who B what C whose D whom
32 The young man was released after the court was found innocent of all the charges against him
A who B who he C which D whose
33 Is that the same film we watched last year?
A when B which C why D who
34 The girl _ I borrowed the dictionary asked me to use it carefully
A whose B from whom C from whose D whom
35 The first television picture _ John Logie Baird transmitted on 25 November, 1905 was a boy worked in the office next to Baird's workroom in London
A which / whom B who / which C that / whose D that / who
36 Joyce Bews, was born and grew up in Portsmouth on the south coast of England, _ she still lives, was 100 last year
A that / in which B who / where C that / where D who / that
37 The pollution they were talking is getting worse
A that B about which C which D whom
39 Robert Riva, an Italian used to play for Cremonese, now coaches the Reigate under 11's football team
A when B which C where D who
40 When I was at school, there was a girl in my class skin was so sensitive that she couldn't expose her skin to the sun even with cream on
A where B whose C whom D that
41 Unfortunately, the friend with I intended to go on holiday to Side is ill, so I'll have to cancel my trip
A who B whom C where D that
42 The new stadium, will be completed next year, will seat 30,000 spectators
A what B where C when D which
43 Blenheim Palace, _ Churchill was born, is now open to the public
A when B where C which D whose
TOPIC 10: THE PRESENT PROGRESS / BE GOING TO / WILL
( PHÂN BIỆT : HIỆN TẠI TIẾP DIỄN - TƯƠNG LAI GẦN - TƯƠNG LAI ĐƠN ) 1) Thì tương lai đơn: S + will/shall + Vinf
Chỉ lời hứa, việc chuẩn bị trước Ex: A - My car is broken down !
B - Don't worry ! I will repair it for you
Giải thích: Vì B khơng biết trước A có xe hư nên khơng có chuẩn bị mà đột xuất nên ta dùng tương lai đơn
2) Thì tương lai gần:S + is / am / are + going to + Vinf - Chỉ hành động có ý định làm.
- Chỉ dự đoán.
Ex: - Oh, your luggage is ready now What time are you going to leave ? ( hành lý sẳn sàng, bạn định khởi hành? )
(36)- Chỉ hành động chuẩn bị kế hoạch sẳn, thường có thời gian cụ thể kế hoạch lớn, quan trọng đã định làm thường có thời gian xác định
Ex: We are having a party next Sunday Would you like to come? ( chúng tơi có tổ chức bữa tiệc vào chủ nhật tới, mời bạn đến dự )
Giải thích: Đã mời người ta chuyện phải chuẩn bị hết 4) So sánh tiếp diễn tương lai gần:
- Hiện tiếp diễn hơn, dấu hiệu : có thời gian cụ thể, có lời mời (would you like ), chuyện quan trọng ( đám cưới, xây nhà, mua xe )
Ex: I am having my house built next week ( tuần tới xây nhà) 5) Phân biệt cách dùng Will Be going to
Ex: Jessica: It's my birthday soon I'll be twenty next Friday Deborah: Oh, really? Are you going to have a party?
Jessica: I'm going to have a meal in a restaurantwith a few friends Deborah: That'll be nice
Will có ý nghĩa trung dung Ta dùng will để miêu tả kiện (fact) tương lai I'll be twenty next Friday
The spacecraft will come down in the Pacific Ocean tomorrow morning
Ta dùng “be going to” để miêu tả dự định, chuyện ta định làm. We're going to have a meal
Tom is going to sell his car
Will không diễn tả dự định (intention).
It's her birthday She's going to have a meal with her friends KHÔNG VIẾT She'll have a meal
Nhưng ta thường dùng“be going to”để miêu tả dự định dùng “will” để miêu tả chi tiết đưa lời bình luận.
We're all going to have a meal There'll be about ten of us - Oh, that'll be nice
Ta dùngPresent Continuous giống “be going to”. - We're going to drive/We're driving down to the South of France - That'll be a long journey
- Yes, it'll take two days We'll arrive on Sunday Quyết định dự định (Decisions and intentions)
WILL BE GOING TO
Ta dùng will để miêu tả định đồng ý làm chuyện lúc nói
(37)- There's a postbox over there I'll post these letters
- You still haven't put those shelves up, Trevor -OK, I'll it tomorrow
- I'm going out I'm going to post these letters You still haven't put those shelves up, Trevor -I know -I'm going to it tomorrow
Trevor định lúc nói Trevor định trước
Tiên đốn (Predictions)
WILL BE GOING TO
Ta dùng will để tiên đoán chuyện xảy
ra tương lai Ta dùng be going to dựa tình hình hiệntại quan sát để tiên đoán chuyện xảy tương lai
I think United will win the game
One day people will travel to Mars There isn't a cloud in the sky It's going to be a lovely day This bag isn't very strong It's going to break Thường dùng hai hình thức để tiên đốn Ví dụ như, ta cũng thể nói:
I think United are going to win the game
Thường be going to trang trọng nghiêng văn nói will
Exercise: Write the following sentences in the most likely form (present progressive or be going to) I am afraid I cannot come to dinner on Saturday I ……… Tim (meet)
2 My cousins ……… to stay with us on the weekend (come) Look at that car ! It ……… that tree (hit)
4 Did you hear that the company ……… a new factory ? (open)
5 Kate is really unhappy at work so she ……… a new job soon (look for) At 9.00 on Monday she ……… to the hairdresser (go)
7 She looks really upset I think she ……… (cry) Look at the sky! It ……… a lovely day today (be)
9 Yes, I’ll join you all this evening I ……….(not work)
10 There’s no point in running now We ……… the bus anyway (miss) A Choose the one word or phrase – a, b, c or d - that best completes the sentence. My parents tomorrow to stay with me for a few days
a come b will have come c are commit d came
2 I'll return Bob's pen to him the next time I him
a see b will see c I'm going to see d have seen
3 The firework display, part of the city's centenary celebration, place on the 21st August in Cannon Park a will take b is taking c is going to take d takes
4 This is the first time we to Scotland so it's all new to us
a are going b Were c have been d will go
5 Look at those cars! They !
a will crash b are crashing c will be crashed d are going to crash We hope the excursion will help us a lot after working hard
(38)a see b am seeing, c am going to see d will see What's in the letter? Why
a don't you let me to read it b don't you let me reading it
c won't you let rue read it d won't you let me to read it Only in this house safe and secure
a I feel b I feel c I feel d feel 10 Hurry The next bus at 7:15
a leave b leaves c is leaving d will leave 11 Nobody can persuade her her mind
a change b to change c changing d changed 12 'We're having a party at the weekend' 'Great! Who
a will being invited b is going to invite
c is going to be invited d will invite
13 I'll give you a map
a. in order for you find the way all right. b. so that you will find the way all right. c. in order that you can find the way all right. d. b and c are all correct.
14 He was busy his homework.
a doing b to do c that he was doing d he was doing 15 'Are Alice and Tom still living in New York? "No, they to Dallas,'
a are moving. b had already moved
c have just moved d will moved
TOPIC 11: Although vs In spite of – Because vs Because of Although/ though/ even though/ much as + clause (mệnh đề)
Despite / in spite of + noun/ noun phrases (cụm danh từ) Because / since/ as/ for + clause (mệnh đề)
Because of + noun/ noun phrases (cụm danh từ) Các công thức biến đổi từ mệnh đề sang cụm từ sau:
1) Nếu chủ ngữ mệnh đề giống nhau: Bỏ chủ ngữ, động từ thêm ING Although Tom got up late, he got to school on time
Despite / in spite of getting up late, Tom got to school on time
2) Nếu chủ từ danh từ + be + tính từ: Đem tính từ đặt trứoc danh từ, bỏ to be Although the rain is heavy,
N ADJ
Despite / in spite of the heavy rain,
ADJ N
3) Nếu mệnh đề gồm đại từ + be + tính từ : Đổi đại từ(I, We, You, They, She, He, It) thành tính từ sỡ hửu(my, our, your, their, her, his, its), đổi tính từ thành danh từ, bỏ be
Although He was sick,
Despite / in spite of his sickness,
(39)Although he behaved impolitely,
Despite / in spite of his impolite behavior ,
5) Nếu câu có dạng : there be + danh từ: Thì bỏ there be Although there was an accident ,
Despite / in spite of an accident,
Đây cơng thức chung nhất, cịn nhiều trường hợp đặc biệt phức tạp hơn, cần giải linh hoạt bằng phương pháp biến đổi từ loại
Although a special guest attended suddenly in the party,…
In spite of the sudden attendance of a special guest in the party,…
Trong câu này, trạng từ suddenly chuyển thành tính từ sudden, động từ attend chuyển thành attendance khơng có đại từ nên sử dụng cấu trúc sở hữu với of
6) Nếu câu có dạng : It (be) + tính từ thời tiết => Đổi tính từ thành danh từ thêm the phía trước. Although it was rainy,
=> Despite / in spite of the rain, ………
Các tính từ danh từ thường gặp mẫu là: Foggy => fog ( sương mù ) Snowy => snow (tuyết) Rainy => rain (mưa) Stormy => storm ( bão) 7) Nếu câu có dạng: Danh từ + (be) + p.p ( câu bị động)
=> Đổi p.p thành danh từ, thêm the phía trước of phía sau, danh từ câu đem xuống để sau of Although television was invented,
=> Despite / in spite of the invention of television, ………
8) Phương pháp cuối cũng phương pháp dễ : thêm the fact that trước mệnh đề.
Phương pháp áp dụng cho câu mà khơng cần phân tích xem thuộc mẫu này, nhiên phương pháp khơng khuyến khích sử dụng suy cho biến đổi rèn luyện cho em cách sử dụng cấu trúc câu, câu thêm the fact that viết lại hết em khơng nâng cao trình độ Phương pháp áp dụng gặp câu phức tạp mà cách biến đổi Một trường hợp khác mà em sử dụng : lúc thi gặp câu khó mà qn cách biển đổi Ex: Although he behaved impolitely,
=> Despite / in spite of the fact that he behaved impolitely,
Công thức cũng áp dụng cho biến đổi từ BECAUSE -> BECAUSE OF Bài tập: I Viết lại câu sau giữ nguyên nghĩa
1 Although Tom was a poor student, he studied very well
In spite of ………
2 Mary could not go to school because she was sick
Because of ………
(40) Despite ………
4 My mother told me to go to school although I was sick
In spite of ………
5 Because there was a big storm, I stayed at home
Because of ………
6 Tom was admitted to the university although his grades were bad
Despite ………
7 Although she has a physical handicap, she has become a successful woman
Despite ………
8 In spite of his god salary, Tom gave up his job
Although ………
9 Though he had not finished the paper, he went to sleep
In spite of ………
10 In spite of the high prices, my daughter insists on going to the movies
Even though ………
11 Though he is rich, he never helps the poor
=> Despite……… 12.Although she is poor, she is always happy
=> In spite of……… 13 Though it rained heavily, we still went to school
=> Despite……… 14 She decided to accept the job despite the low salary
=> Though……… 15 Though he has an English name, he is in fact German
=> In spite of……… 16 Although he was inexperienced, he got a good salary
=> Despite……… 17 In spite of her laziness, she passed the exam
=> Though……… 18 Although she was sad, she smiled
=> Despite……… 19 Though her grades were low, she was admitted to the university
=> In spite of
20 Although the weather was bad, they went swimming
=> Despite………
II Fill in the blanks with “because/ because of/ although/ in spite of”
(41)2 She refused the job …the high salary We did the test well… …it was difficult The flight was not delayed… …the fog … … the car was cheap, it was in good condition I put the food in the fridge … I want it to get cold .… Janet wanted to save money, she gave up smoking …it rained a lot, we enjoyed our vacation
9 a/ all our careful plans, a lot of things went wrong
b/ …………we had planned everything carefully, a lot of things went wrong 10 a/ I went home early …… …I was feeling sick
b/ I went to work the previous da……… …I was still feeling sick 11 I couldn’t get to sleep ……….…there was a lot of noise
12 I didn’t get the job ……… …being extremely qualified 13 ………the traffic was bad, I arrived on time
14 I couldn’t sleep ………… I was really tired 15 I went swimming ………It was raining 16 Mary didn’t go to school ………….she was ill
III Rewrite the sentences using the word given:
1/ I don’t trust John because he behaves badly (because of) _
2/ Peter passed all the exams with good results because of his hard work (because) _
3/ He succeeded in his life although he came from a poor family (despite) _
4/ He can’t smile because his mother died (because of) _
5/ He retired earlier than his age because of his illness (because) _ 6/ Don’t shout at him although he is lazy (despite) _
7/ They are always happy although they have very little money ( In spite of) _
(42)TOPIC 12: REPORTED SPEECH (CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT)
- Trong câu trực tiếp thông tin từ người thứ đến thẳng người thứ hai (người thứ nói trực tiếp với người thứ hai)
Ex: He said "I bought a new motorbike for myself yesterday"
- Trong câu gián tiếp thông tin từ người thứ qua người thứ hai đến với người thứ ba Khi câu có biến đổi mặt ngữ pháp
Ex: He said he had bought a new motorbike for himself the day before - Để biến đổi câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp cần:
Nếu động từ tường thuật hện (say, tell, talk, ask… ) khơng có thay đổi thì. Ex:She says: “ I will take an exam tomorrow”
> She says she will take an exam the following day
Nếu động từ câu tường thuật khứ (said, told, asked…… ) cần có thay đổi trong câu gián tiếp Quy tắc đổi sau:
1 Đổi chủ ngữ đại từ nhân xưng khác câu trực chủ ngữ thành phần thứ Lùi động từ vế thứ xuống cấp so với lúc ban đầu
3 Biến đổi đại từ thị, phó từ thời gian địa điểm theo bảng qui định Bảng đổi động từ
Direct speech Indirect speech
Simple present Present progressive
Present perfect (Progressive) Simple past
Will/Shall Can/May
Simple past Past progressive
Past perfect (Progressive) Past perfect
Would/ Should Could/ Might
Bảng đổi đại từ thị, phó từ địa điểm thời gian Today
Yesterday
The day before yesterday Tomorrow
The day after tomorrow Next + Time
Last + Time Time + ago This, these Here, Overhere
That day The day before Two days before
The next/ the following day In two days' time
The following + Time The previous + Time Time + before That, those There, Overthere Nếu lời nói hành động xảy ngày khơng cần phải đổi thời gian At breakfast this morning he said "I will be busy today"
At breakfast this morning he said he would be busy today
Các suy luận logic mặt thời gian tất nhiên cần thiết lời nói thuật lại sau hai ngày (On Monday) He said " I'll be leaving on Wednesday "
(On Tuesday) He said he would be leaving tomorrow (On Wednesday) He said he would be leaving today 1 Reported statements(tường thuật dạng câu kể)
S+say(s)/said+(that)+S+V
*says/say to+Oàtells/tell+O said to+Oàtold+O
Eg:He said to me”I haven’t finished my work”àHe told me he hadn’t finished his work
(43)2 Reported questions:(Tường thuật dạng câu hỏi) a Yes/No questions:
S+asked/wanted to know/wondered+if/whether+S+V Eg ”Are you angry?”he askedàHe asked if/whether I was angry
(Chuyển câu hỏi câu trực tiếp sang dạng khẳng định thực thay đổi thì,trạng từ thời gian,nơi chốn,chủ ngữ,tân ngữ )
b Wh-questions:
S+asked(+O)/wanted to know/wondered+Wh-words+S+V *says/say to+Oàasks/ask+O
said to+Oàasked+O
Eg ”What are you talking about?”said the teacher
àThe teacher asked us what we were talking about 3 Reported commands.(Tường thuật câu mệnh lệnh) *Khẳng định:S+told+O+to-infinitive.
Eg.”Please wait for me here,Mary.”Tom saidàTom told Mary to wait for him there *Phủ định:S+told+O+not to-infinitive.
Eg.”Don’t talk in class”,the teacher said to us. >The teacher told us not to talk in class *Reporting verbs (động từ tường thuật):
-agree,decide,offer,promise,refuse +to-infinitive
-advise,ask,encourage,invite,remind,tell,want,warn +O+to infinitive -admit(thừa nhận),deny(phủ nhận),stop,suggest +-ing form)
4 Câu điều kiện lời nói gián tiếp:
1.Điều kiện có thật,có thể xảy ra:Chúng ta áp dụng quy tắc chung lời nói gián tiếp Eg.He said,”If I have much money,I’ll travel around the world.”
àHe said (that)If he had much money ,he would travel around the world 2.Điều kiện khơng có thật/giả sử:Chúng ta giữ nguyên,không đổi Eg.”If I had two wings,I would fly everywhere”,he said
àHe said If he had two wings,he would fly everywhere
Exercise 1: Rewrite following sentences so that the meaning stay the same. 1.”If I were you,I wouldn’t buy this car”
àHe advised 2.”Shall I carry your suicase,Lan?”said Nam
àNam offered 3.”Yes,all right,I’ll share the food with you,Dave.”
àAnn agreed 4.”Sue,can you remember to buy some bread?”
àPaul reminded 5.”Don’t touch anything in this room”,the man said to the children
àThe man ordered 6.”I must go home to make the dinner”,said Mary
àMary 7.”Are you going to Ho Chi Minh City next week?”Tom asked me
àTom asked 8.”Have you finished your homework?”Mom asked
àMom asked if 9.She said to me:”I can’t it by myself”
àShe told me that 10.”Does your brother live in London,Nam?”Lan asked
àLan wanted to know if 11.”Don’t repeat this mistake again.”his father warned him
àHis father warned him 12.”Give me a smile,”The photographer said to me
àThe
(44)13.”Don’t leave these book on the table” ,the librarian said to the students
àThe librarian told the students 14.”Have you travelled abroad much?”he asked me
àHe 15.”Who has written this note?” the boss asked the secretary
àThe boss asked 16.”I have just received a postcard from my sister,”my friend said to me
àMy friend told me 17.”This story happened long ago”he said
àHe said
TOPIC 13: CONDITIONAL SENTENCE TYPE (CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 1)
Câu điều kiện có thực câu mà người nói dùng để diễn đạt hành động tình thường xảy (thói quen) xảy (trong tương lai) điều kiện mệnh thoả mãn Nếu nói tương lai, dạng câu sử dụng nói đến điều kiện thực xảy
TƯƠNG LAI (FUTURE ACTION)
If he tries much more, he will improve his English If I have money, I will buy a new car
THÓI QUEN (HABITUAL)
if + S + simple present tense + simple present tense If the doctor has morning office hours, he visits every patiens in the affternoon I usually walk to school if I have enough time
MỆNH LỆNH (COMMAND)
If + S + simple present tense + command form of verb + If you go to the Post Office, mail this letter for me
Please call me if you hear anything from Jane I/Chia động từ ngoặc.
1 If the book (not be )……… expensive, I'll buy it I'll go out if it (not rain)………
3 If that hat costs much, I (buy) ……… a small one I will lend them some money if they (ask) ……… me
5 My dog (bark) ……… if it (hear) ……… any strange
sound
6 They (not/let) ……… you in if you (come) late
7 If you (not go) ……… away, I (send) ……… for a
policeman
8 What ……….we(do)……… if they not come tomorrow?
9 If I (not/eat) ……… breakfast tomorrow morning, I (get) ……… hungry during class
(45)10 If she (come) ……… late again, she (lose) ………her job
11 I (let) ……… you know if I (find) ……… out
what’s happening
12 We (phone) ……… you if we have time
13 If I’m free on Saturday, I (go) ……… to the mountains
14 She (have) ……… a nervous breakdown if she goes on like this 15 I know I (feel) ……….better if I (stop) ……… smoking 16 He’s waiting for his mother to come back from Chicago If his mother (come)
……… home, he (have) ……… a lot of presents 17 The kitchen will look better if we (have) ……… red curtains
18 If you (not be) ……… so busy, I (show) ……… you how to play
19 It (be) ……… quicker if you (use)……… a computer
20 If we (have) ……… some eggs, I (make) ……… you a cake
21 Bring him another if he (not/like) ……… this one
22 She (be) ……… angry if she (hear) ……… this tomorrow 23 Unless you are more careful, you (not/have) ……… an accident
24 If you (like)………., I (get) ……… you a job in this company
II Đọc mẩu đối thoại sau chọn dạng câu điều kiện cách gạch Rita: Have you heard about the pop festival?
Mary: Yes, it's,/it'll be good if Littlesaigon are playing They're a great band Rita: Will you be able to go, Nancy?
Nancy: If (1) I ask/I'll ask my boss, he’ll give me some time off work, I expect Mary: How are we going to get there?
Rita: Well, if (2) there are/there'll be enough people, we can hire a minibus Mary: I won't be going if (3) it’s/it'll be too expensive
Rita: It (4) isn’t costing/won't cost much if we all (5) share/will share the cost
Nancy: If (6) I see/I’ll see the others later on tonight, (7) I ask/I'll ask them if they want to go III Bình luận tình sau Sử dụng “if + đơn + will/can”
a It might rain If it does, everyone can eat inside
If it rains, everyone can eat inside
b The children mustn't go near Nancy's dog It'll bite them
If the children go near Nancy's dog, it'll bite them
1 Rita might fail her driving test But she can take it again _ Liverpool might lose If they do, Terry will be upset _
3 The office may be closed In that case, Mike won't be able to get in
(46)_
4 Cathy may arrive a bit early If she does, she can help her mother to get things ready _
5 The party might go on all night If it does, no one will want to any work tomorrow _
6 Alice may miss the train But she can get the next one _ Is Jack going to enter the race? He'll probably win it _
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