VAI TRO CUA LUAT Tyc BAHNARJRAI [RONG Q U A N li, SlJf DVN6 OAT DAI, M | TRUdNG VA BAO V I RONG PGS TS NGUYiN QUANG TUY^N * Vai tro ciia luat tuc Bahnar quan li, sir dung dat dai, moi tru'dng v^ bdo veruTig /./ Thuc Irgng lugl luc Bahnar ve linh virc qudn li, su dung ddl dai Nghien ciru tim liieu luat tuc Bahnar vl linh vyc dat dai co the rut mot s6 nhan xet chii yeu sau day: Thu nhdi, ve van de so hiju dat dai Dat dai co \ai tro quan doi voi nguai, boi dat dai khong chi la dja ban, khong gian sinh ton, phan quan trgng hang dau cua moi trucmg song ma la tu lieu san xuat cho nganh trot, chan nuoi Nhan thiic ciia dong bao Bahnar ve vai tro ciia dat dai dugc the hien dam net luat tuc Bahnar thong qua quan niem ve so hiiu dat dai: "Vdn di sa huu ludn Id vdn de cd y nghia lo ldn ddi vdi su tdn tgi vd phdi triin ciia bdi ki ldc ngudi ndo, a bdt cu ehi xd hdi ndo Ddi vdi cdc ldc ngudi a nude fa vdn de sd hOu ngudn ldi nguyin thien nhien lien quan trite liep din hai phuang dien chinh: J) Xdc dinh quan he sd hOu ddi v&i ngudn tdi nguyin thien nhiin chinh Id nhdn td ea bdn di bdo vi cdc ngudn ldi nguyen thiin nhiin; 2) Xdc dinh quan h$ sd hOu lien quan true tiip tdi hinh thuc td chuc sdn xudt vd phdn phdi ngudn ciia edi vdi :hdl md ngudi tgo Ludt tuc eua cdc bo tdc ngudi khdng dinh quyin sd hOu cdng TAP CHi LUAT HOC S6 12/2012 cgng eiia cgng ddng ldng budn vi ddl canh tdc ddl rung, sdng sudi vd cde tdi nguyen thugc vi "lanh thd " eua ldng budn dy'.^'' Cung gi6ng nhu quan niem cua ddng bao cac dan tgc thieu so khac sinh sdng a khu vuc lay Nguyen, dong bao Bahnar coi dSt dai la tai san chung cua cgng dong buon lang Dieu bat nguon tir thiet che to chiic xa hgi ciia dong bao dan toe thieu so a Tay Nguyen noi chung va dong bao Bahnar noi rieng la xa hgi cgng dong, Day la hinh thiic to chiic xa hgi mang nhung net so khai d thai ki dau cua lich sii nhan loai Trong xa hgi nay, cac vien gan bo chat che voi cgng dong Tinh cgng dong dugc de cao va the hien mgi hoat dgng tir san xuat, sinh hoat den thu hudng qua lao dgng Mgi cua cai lam dugc coi la tai san chung ciia cdng dong Dat dai cung dugc xac djnh thugc so hihj chung, vi vay bat ki cung phai CO nghTa vu giii gin va bao ve dat dai Ben canh do, luat tuc Bahnar van thira nhan sd him tu nhan ddi vdi dat dai Neu ca nhan bo cdng siic va ciia cai ciia minh de khai thac thi dkt dai thudc sd huu cua ho: "Ddt dai la thugcsd hOu chung Ai cd site khoe, tu bd ciia edi di thue mudn, khai thdc hoge dng bd, cha me di lgi thi ddt Id cua hg".^'-' * Khoa phdp lugt kinh tfi TruOng Dai hoc Ludt Ha Noi NGHIEN Ci/U - TRAO DOI Nhu v^y, lu^t tyc Bahnar cdng nh§n sg- ton t^i cua hai hinh thiic sd hOu: Hinh thiic sd hihi cgng dong budn liing d6i vdi dat dai v^ hinh thiic sd h&u lu nhSn doi vdi nhOng ph4n dat ca nhSn khai phd Tint hai, vl cdch thiic xdc djnh ranh gidi sir dyng dat Ngudi Bahnar quan ni?m vc vi§c xdc djnh ranh gidi sii dyng dkl nhu sau: Dat dai trudc day cha m? khai thdc sir dyng thi hg dip bd ho$c d$l d^u hi?u nhu chon cgc, trdng c^c lo^i cdy to, song ISu nam, c6 ngudi ldm chimg t^i thdi diem dd; ho$c cho dii hg chua sir dyng, khai thdc hit phan dat dd (phdn dap bd) thi hg v^n xem dd Id ranh gidi dat cua minh, Vi?c tranh ch4p ddt dai ciia ngudi Bahnar it xay vl: Mgt Id neu mgt ngudi di lan, chiem ray ciia ngudi khac da khai thdc hoac sii dyng trudc day vi dieu ki?n ma ngudi khai thdc, su dung trudc day bd hoang hode sii dung mdt niia thi ben lan, chiem ty thod thuan vdi ngudi sii dyng dat trudc day ve ranh gidi sOr dyng dat giiia hai ben Hai Id neu ngudi khai thdc, sii dyng dat trudc day dua dugc co sd, chimg cii hgp le va CO ngudi lam chiing vg vi^c hp da sir dyng phan ddt ndy thi ben ldn, ehilm phdi tra lai dat Viec giai quyet tranh chap vl quyln sir dyng dat trudng hgp rat don gian vi ngudi Bahnar cdn cii vao ddu hi?u ddu dat cd chit quan li de xac djnh xem phin dat tranh chap ndy thuOc ve Thir ba, vl viec phan chia ddt d, ddt canh tac ndi bg dan lang Theo luat tuc Bahnar, viec phan chia ddt d, ddt canh tdc giua nhiing ngudi dan budn lang hoac giGa hg vdi ngudi cua budn 60 ldng khdc hay trudng hgp ngudi dan muli Idm nhd tren dat d, Idm ruOng tren ddt canl tdc diu phdi cd y kiln ciia gid ldng Gid Idnj Id ngudi c6 quyln dua phdn xii vl vi^t phSn chia ddt d, dit canh tdc trudng hgp ndy Dilu ndy cho thay vai trd cua gij ldng rat quan trgng Bang uy tin, kinh nghidm s6ng, gid ldng dugc t^t cd thdnh viSn c$ng d6ng kfnh trgng Vi$c phdn xti ciia gij Idng diln cdng khai, minh b^ch trudc toin Ihl nhdn dSn buon ldng vd dya tren cac quy ph^m d^o dire, phong tuc, t^p quan cua C9ng d6ng Do dd, cdc phdn x^t, gidi quyet bit d6ng gid Idng dua dugc tat cd thdnh vien cOng dong phyc tiing Tha lu, ve van de giai quyet tranh chip dat dai Tranh chap dat dai phat sinh giiia cac hg dan budn lang hodc giGra hd dan ciia budn Idng vdi hg dan thugc cac budn lang khdc thi cdc ben tranh chap mdi gia ldng dung gidi quyet Can cii de giai quyet tranh cbq) dat dai Id vi^c xdc nhan ngudn gdc dat Ngudi xac nh^n ngu6n gdc ddt trudng hgp niy thdng thudng la ngudi cao tuoi buoo idng, am hi€u vd biet cdc su viec lien quan din dat dai nhu chiing kien, lam chiing >n vi?c sii dyne dat Dua tren sy xdc nhan nguon gdc dat tranh chap cua ngirdi cao tun budn lang, gid lang mdi quylt djnh xem phan dat thudc ve Trong truong hgp cdc ben tranh chap khdng chap nhjn each thirc giai quyet ciia gia lang thi hg phai dua cdc thach thiic doi vdi nhu thi l^n nude, dd chi*^' Ben nao gidnh d\s$ chiln thing thi dugc hudng toan bg phan dat tranh chdp Tuy nhien tren thuc tl, it xay.0 tmdng hgp cdc ben tranh chip dua thach TAP CHl LUAT HOC SO 12/2012 NGHIEN CLfU - TRAO DOI ihijc doi vdi ma cac b6n thudng chip nhan each giai quyet cua gia Idng cd ngudi lam chimg xac nhan vl ngudn gdc dit L2 ThifCC trgng ludt tuc Bahnar vi qudn li, su dung hgp li tdi nguyen rung vd bdo v? mdi trudng Theo nhChig cdng trinh nghiSn ciiu ve lu^t tyc cua mdt so nha ddn tgc hgc nhu GS Phan Ddng Nhat, GS.TS Ngo Due Thinh va tim hieu cdc quy dinh ve bao v$ vd sii dung hgp li tdi nguyen rCmg, bao v? mdi trudng ciia lual tyc Bahnar cho thiy bdo v?, sii dyng hgp li tdi nguyen thiSn nhien Id van de cd ngi ham rgng Idn, vay lu^t tyc noi chung vd luat tyc Bahnar ndi rieng da danh mpt so dieu luat quy dinh ve bdo ve mdi tnidng va sii dung hgp li cdc ngudn tai nguyen thien nhien rimg vd chdy budn ludn la tai hpa thudng xuyen de dpa Do vay, ludt tyc quy dinh mgi ngudi cd trach nhi?m bao v?, phdng chdng chdy rimg Hon n&a, chdy rirng khdng chi gay thi$t h^i cho ngudi ve m$t kinh tl ma cdn xiic ph^m tdi thdn linh niii rimg Vi v^y, lu^t tyc quy djnh cu thi trdeh nhiem cua ngudi dan: - Khi dot nuong ray phdi lya theo chilu gid md dot, trdnh chdy lay lan - Khi cd chdy rimg, chdy budn Idng, mgi ngudi phdi thdng bao cho vd cd tranh nhi?m cimg d^p liia Theo tap quan, dong bdo cac dan tgc thilu sd ndi chung vd ddng bao Bahnar ndi rieng thudng nudi gia siic theo kieu ehdn thd rdng Do gia siic chan thd rdng thudng pha hoJii cay cdi va Idy truyen dich benh, vi vdy luat Trudc het, luat tyc khing dinh chu sd tyc quy dinh siic vat bi dich benh phai hunj cdng ddng ddi vdi tai nguyen (rimg, dit each li vd bdo cho gia lang biet riing ) vd xac dinh cpng ddng la ngudi cd Ci cac dja ban vimg cao, ddng bdo Bahnar trach nhiem bao ve, su dung hgp If tdi nguyen thudng sii dung ngudn nude sdng, sudi hoac thien nhien Chinh tir viec xac dinh trach nhiem ngudn nude ngam phyc vu cho sinh hoat Do cho cd cgng ddng viec bdo ve vd sii vay, ddng bdo ludn cd y thiic viec bdo dyng hgp If tai nguyen thien nhien ma ve cac ngudn nude Mgi hanh vi gdy d thdi gian dai, riing da dugc ddng bao giu gin, nhiem ngudn nude sinh hoat ciia cgng ddng jbdo ve CO hi$u qud Bai hgc nhung thap diu bi nghiSm cim, vi du: cam viec lam nha ki vira qua cho thay chiing ta da phii nhan d dau ngudn nude, cam tdm giat hode tha gia ^quyen sd hiru cgng ddng budn Idng truyen siic d ngudn nude dau ngudn - noi cung cap ,th6ng ddi vdi riing va dat rimg, coi mgi tai nude sinh hoat cua cd cdng ddng jUguyen la cua Nha nude, tai nguyen rimg vd khfa canh khac, ddng bao ciing nhan dit (3ai khdng cd chii thuc su, quan ni?m thiic dugc vin dl khai thdc cdc ngudn thuy da lam cho tdi nguyen bi xam hai va tan pha.' sdn d sdng, sudi phai di ddi vdi vi^c bao ve -'^; Trong ludt tuc diu cd nhiing dilu ludt cu de dam bdo cho viec danh bat lau ddi Ludt the lien quan tdi viec bao v^ rung vd dat dai tuc quy dinh nghiem cam viec danh bit can khdi bi tdn phd, giii gin mdi trudng sdng cua kiet nhu: khdng dugc danh bit vao miia tdm, ngudi dugc sach Ddi vdi cu dan ca de tning; nghiem cam viec sii dyng la cay song d rimg, canh tac nucmg rdy thi nan chay ddc de danh bit TAP CHl'LUAT HOC SO 12/2012 NGHIEN CCfU - TRAO 001 1.3 Mdi v(5 ddnh gid vi vai iro cua lu^l tuc Bahnar qudn ll sii- dyng ddl dai, mdi irudng vd bdo v^ rung ciia lu&t tyc Bahnar bang cdch d\ra vdo ^6 vd uy tfn ciia gid ldng, kit hgp vdi to vij xb hod gidi d co sd de hod gidi cdc bit dloj mdu thuSn vl dit dai phdt sinh n$i b 1,3.1 Uu dilm Cdc quy djnh vl dit dai, m6i irudng vd nhdn ddn Han niia can td chiic t^p huan kil thiic phdp lu^t dit dai vd kT ndng hod gii bdo vg rimg lu$t tyc Bahnar cd nhflng cho gid Idng dl hg Idm t6t hem cdng \i uu diem chii ylu sau ddy: Mat Id lu§t tyc Bahnar ghi nh§n vd dl tuy£n truyin phdp iu§t dit dai vd hod gU tranh chip dit dai d budn Iang cao van de dai dai thu^c sd hCHi chung ciia Ba la lu^t tuc Bahnar khuyen rdn coi cgng ddng budn Idng Mgi ngudi deu c6 quyln ngudi s6ng hdi hod vdi thien nhien thdng qu binh ding vice tiep can sir dyng dat vd CO trach nhi?m bdo ve dit dai: "O bdi cu ldc vi^c khai thdc, su dyng hgp If cdc nguln lj ngudi ndo tu Idu ddi dd hinh thdnh nen nhOngnguyen thien nhi6n Mgi hdnh vi ddt nuani quy dinh vi quan h? sd hau, chiem hOu doi gdy chdy rimg, chay budn ldng; khai thdc ch| vdi eua eai vol ehdt dd c6 cdc ldi phd rimg bira bdi v.v deu bj cdng ddng len k nguyen thiin nhien nai md hg sinh sdng Xde vd nghiSm cim Hi^n nay, van dl nga) dinh quyen sd hau vd chiem hau ddi vdi cdc cdng dugc nh^n thiic sau sic mdi trucmg ngudn tdi nguyen ndy chinh Id ca sd de cgng sdng bj d nhiem nghiem trpng, nguoi ddng cd the qudn li vd sir dung lot vd c6 hi^u khai thdc khdng hgp If cdc nguon tai nguyen qua han doi vdi ede ngudn ldi nguyen dd ".' ' thien nhien dan den nguy co can kieL Hai Id viec gidi quyet cdc tranh chap dat Bdn la luat tyc Bahnar xac djnh ning dai ngi bd nhdn dan dua tr6n nguySn thudc sd hihi ciia budn Iang (sd hiiu c^ng tac tu thucmg lugng, hgd gidi giiia cac bSn ddng) vd mgi vien phai cd trach nhiem Trong trudng hgp cac ben khdng tu gidi giii gin, bdo v? rimg Chfnh viec xac djnh quyet dugc thi mdi mdi gid ldng phdn xii hinh thirc sd hiiu cgng ddng ddi vdi rimg ma Vdi uy tin va vai trd ciia minh doi vdi ngudi thdi gian dai, rimg ludn dugc bao ve tdt Tir vi?c phat hi^n diem tfch cyc nay, dan, cung vdi each thirc giai quylt dya trgn lu^t tyc ndi chung va luat tyc ciia d% viec xem xet chiing cii, ngudn gdc dat, phdn bdo Bahnar ndi rieng, cac rUia lam luat yi| xir ciia gia lang thudng dugc cdc bfin tranh chap tdn trpng vd chap thuan Vdi co chi Nam da bo sung quy djnh ve giao ritngdD giai quylt nhu v^y da giai quylt dugc bat cOng ddng lang buon bao ve Thyc t i e n ^ thi quy djnh cho thay rimg dugc dw ddng, mau Ihuan gi&a cdc ben; mdt khdc bdo cham sdc va bao ve chu dao, vi vftjip tri dugc tinh doan kit, gin bd vd tinh thin h ^ chi dugc tinh trang ch|t pha rimg fe nhudng nhin ngi bO nhan dan Nhan bilt dugc co chi ndy, gidi bai Mpt nhiing gid tri ndi bat cua'flf tuc cdc dan tgc thieu so la nhung tri thitc bto quylt tranh chip dit dai co lien quan din dja cua nhan ddn vl qudn If vd khai tl^c^ ddng bag Bahnar can kit hgp giiia cdc quy dinh cua luat dat dai vdi cac ylu td tfch c\rc ngudn tai nguyen thi6n nhien Luat tuc phin TAP CHl LUAT HOC SO 12/201^ NGHIEN C L / U - T R A O OOI anh cdc mdi quan hg ngudi vdi ngudi nhung thdng qua tim guong, h$ quy chilu cua mdi trudng thien nhiSn, vay chimg ta cd cam gidc nhu thien nhiSn da dugc "nhan hod", ngudi va ty nhien gdn bd hiiu CO vdi nhau, ngudi Id bO p h ^ khdng the tdch rdi ciia tu nhien Day Id n^t dgc dao ciia quan niem vii try quan, tu va ldi sdng ciia ddng bao cac dan tOc thilu sd Trong dieu kien hien nay, xa h0i cdc tgc ngudi da va dang cd nhieu biln ddng Idn, cac thiet che va quan niem xa hgi mdi xuil hien, nhien luat tyc cac dan tgc thilu so vdi tri thiic ban dja ve mdi tnrdng va each thiic quan li, khai thac cdc ngudn tai nguyen dii8n nhien van giii nguyen gid trj tfch cyc Van de d day khdng phai chi lira chgn tri thirc hien dai hay tri thiic ban dia ve khai thac, quan If cdc ngudn tai nguyen thien nhien ma ket hpp hai ngudn tri thiic dy vi muc tieu bao ve vd khai thac tdt cac ngudn tai nguyen thien nhien, phyc vy cho su phat trien ben viing ciia cac dan tgc."^' Ndm la luat tyc Bahnar xdc lap trach •nhi^m va nghia vy cho mgi vien viec bao ve ngudn nude sinh hoat, chdng lai cdc hdnh vi gdy d nhilm ngudn nude sdng, Suoi va ngudn nude ngam Dieu chiing to'ddng bao y thiic dugc su nguy hai viec nhiem ngudn nude sinh boat gay cho siic khoe edng ddng Hon niia, luat tuc cung dam bao quyln ciia mdi vien c^ng ddng dugc khai thac hpp Ii cac ngudn tdi rlgtiyen thi^n nhien nhu: khai thac nguon nude, danh bit tdm ca, san bit thii rimg, khai thac gS dl lam nha va cac vat dung Lu$t :uc cung nghiem trj nhuTig ke hay tude doat ihdnh qud lao ddng cua ngudi khac.*^' PAP CHl LUAT HOC SO 12/2012 1.3.2 Nhugc dilm B^n c^nh mat tfch cue, lu^t tyc cua ddng bdo Bahnar cdn mdt s6 diem chua phii hgp vdi quy dinh cOa phdp ludt hi$n hinh, cu thi: Mgi Id ludt tuc Bahnar van cdng nh^n hinh thirc sd hiiu tu nhan vl dit dai d6i vdi trudng hgp ngudi ndo cd sire kho6, tu bd eiia cdi dl thu6 mudn, khai thdc dit dai hode dat dai dng bd, cha me dl lai thi dit dd Id cua hg Dieu di nguge lai vdi quy djnh dit dai thudc sd h&u toan dan Nhd nude dai di?n va thong nhat quan If ciia Hiln phap nam 1992 vd Luat dit dai ndm 2003 Hai Id viSe gidi quyet tranh chip ddt dai thudng gia Idng thuc hi6n dua tren ehiing cii ngudn goe dat hoac ngudi lam chiing ma chua chii trgng den viec can cir vdo cac quy dinh ciia phap luat Dieu ndy cho thay viec giai quyet it nhieu mang su cdm tfnh chii quan ciia gia lang va lam cho phap luat cham di vao cudc sdng ciia ddng bao Bahnar Hon niia, mdt sd hinh thiic giai quyet tranh chap dugc ap dung mang nang sir me tin va lac h^u nhu chi, thi lan dudi nude, cha cay liy lira, lay cay kim nude sdi, bdp trimg, nhai gao, sdi tay, gang tay, thi tip mat vdo chau nude v.v Ba Id van de ve sinh mdi trudng, luat tyc Bahnar chua danh nhieu quy djnh de c§p viec van dgng ddng bdo d day loai bd din mgt sd tdp tyc lac hau viec ma chay vd ehdn cit ngudi chet Hon niia, van dl ngdn cim nudi tha rdng gia siic chua dugc luat tyc quy dinh nham ngan chan tinh trang gia siic pha hoai cay rimg vd phdng ngira viec gia siic lay truyen benh dich 63 Bdn Id t9p qudn canh tdc d6t nuong ldm ray chua bj ngSn cim lu^t tyc Bahnar Do vgy, ngn chdy rirng (d$c bi§t vdo miia khd d Tay Nguyen) van Id nguy co ludn de dpa gdy thipt hgi vl cu$c s6ng vd miia mdng eua ddng bdo cdc ddn tpc thilu s6 quan trgng ciia cdc nguyen tdi nguyen thii nhi€n d6i vdi ddi s6ng ciia ddng bdo Jn D6ng bdo khdng chi song gin gui vdi rirr nOi, sdng, su6i md chfnh rimg nui, sdng,'8u Id ngi cung cip cdc ngu6n Igi, tri sy (t tgi ciia cdc thdnh viSn cgng dong ' Tha hai, ngudi Jrai nhin thiic dugc t^ Vai trd ciia lu^t t^c Jrai qudn li, su- dyng dat dai, moi trudng vA bao v$ rirng quan trgng eua rimg Ngudi Jrai cho ring rirng chinh Id kh 2.1 Th{tc trgng lugl lye Jrai qudn li, su dung ddl dai mdi trudng vd bdo vf rirng bdu thiSn nhiSn ban tang (!) dd, dong \A Nghien ciiu lu^t lyc cua d6ng bdo Jrai tim thiy nhflng ngu^n Igi dl tri su tl cho thiy cd nhieu diem tuong dong vdi lugt tgi vd phdt triln Vi v§y, ngudi Jrai cd y thii tyc Bahnar de c^p vin dl dit dai, mdi bdo v§ vd khai thdc rimg m$t cdch hgp trudng vd bao v? rimg Ngi dung lugl tyc Jrai Dilu ndy da dugc phdn dnh luat t^ \e qudn If, sii dyng dit dai, mdi trudng vd Jrai: "Chinh ta khodnh ddt ndy, hg khdng d bdo ve rimg tap trung phan dnh nhthig khfa ldy chii yiu cdc nguyen vdi lieu ma S cgnh chii yeu sau day: edn cho dn m^c, nhd a, sdn xudl cdng cy m Thu nhdt, ngudi Jrai quan ni?m rimg niii, ddng ki nhdt Id nguon tht^c phdm bdng vii dat dai, sdng, sudi thupc ve sd hiiu ciia cgng ddng bdi cd, sdn bdt, bdn rau rimg "!• * Nghien ctm luat tyc Jrai ve van de sd Thu ba, lugt tyc Jrai xac lap nguy6n t^ hihi dat dai, GS Phan Ddng Nhgt nhan dinh giai quyet tranh chap dat rimg, dat ray ring: "Rudng ddl id ldi sdn ehung Mgi ngudi Nguyen tic dya tren co sd ngudi nat ldn Irgng cdng khai phd vd quyin sir dung khai hoang, phdt ray trudc thi phan dat na; cua ngudi khdc Khdng cd chuydn chiim thupc quyen sii dyng ciia ngudi do.*"*' dogt ddt chung Sdn phdm cua timg gia dinh, Tha tu, lugt tyc Jrai chii trpng den viet cd Irudng hgp duge chia cho mgi ngudi de phdng chdy rimg ciing hudng;^^^ hoac "xua sa hOu cgng Do mua khd d Tay Nguyen thudng kec cdng ve ddt rung ciia budn rdt rgng gdm: ddl ddi hon niia ndm nen de gay hod ho?ii ldm nuong rdy theo ludn canh dii di quay Thyc tl cho thiy hoa hogn xay khdng chi vdng Irong 10 - 12 ndm nghia Id rgng gdp gay thi?t hgi ve kinh te cho ddng bao ma cor 10 din 12 ldn dien lich canh tdc ciia m^l ldm cho hang chyc rung bi thieu trui tai budn ndm Ddl a gdm sdng, sudi vd phd nghiem trgng dilu kifn sinh tdn vdjwj bin nude len xudng hdng ngdy, rung thd hogi mdi trudng, mdi sinh Do v|,y, lugt tuc trdu, bd, bdi vui chai, thd diiu, rung khai ludn chii trgng den vin de nay.*"* Ihde ".^'''Mgi ngudi diu co quyln khai thdc, Thu ndm, lugt tyc Jrai phan anh quar sii dyng ldm nuong ray, san bit, thu hai Idm ni^m tam linh ctia ddng bdo v€ the gidi, co" thd san Quan niem cho thiy vai trd ngudi vd tu nhi6n TAP CHi LUAT HQC SO 12/201! Con ngudi c6 m6i quan h& gin bd ch^t che vdi tu nhi^n vd cd cSy Vdi quan ni?m nay, ngudi hgc cdch sdng hdi hod vdi tv nhien, khai thae hgp If cde ylu td ciia tyr nhi^n Dilu ndy gdp phin quan trgng vdo vi$c bdo ve mdi trudng sinh thdi Binh luan vl vin dl nay, J Doumes viit: "Cdn biit rdng ldi cd thuc the cua thi gidi Jrai Id ngudi, sue vdt, cdy cdi vd than linh cd mdi liin kil chdi chi vdi Con ngudi khdng thi ldm dul mdi lien kit ndy neu hg muon sdng su hod hgp, vdi su trgt tu cua mudn v^t nhu Id: "Tu bdt ddu ciia vO try' Khi ngudi thg sdn Jrai bdn thu rung, anh la phdi tg ldi: "Xin chu vi tha ldi, vi eon phdi cd cdi dn " vd giel mdt hd phdi ldm le hiin sinh Khi ngudi Jrai chdt cdy, anh la eUng phdi tg ldi nhu tren kem theo nghi thuc khdn than cdy Cdc mdi quan h? tren dug'c coi Id sgi ddy ben chdt Ngudi ndo ldm dirt mdi quan he hdi hod ndy, cudc song se bi de dga Muc dich chinh ciia viec gidi quyit Iranh chdp Id nhdm ndi lgi sai ddy hod hgp, nhd vgy trgt tu the gidi dugc bdo ve vd mdi lien he thdn ihdnh dugc thdt chgt".^^^^ rung m0t each hgp If ngdn cim viec khai thdc mang tfnh chit huy diet gay nguy co cgn kiet Quan niem ndy xuit phat tir nhgn thiic dupe tam quan trgng cua rimg ddi vdi ddng bdo: Rung khdng chi id khdng gian sinh tdn, mdi trudng song tu nhien md cdn la kho cung cip thuc pham, nguyen dugc Ii$u phyc vy ddi song eho ddng bao Ba Id lu^t tyc Jrai xdc lap nguyen tic xde djnh ranh gidi sii dung dit giO-a nhung ngudi sii dung dat budn lang Theo dd, ngudi ndo c6 cdng khai pha, sir dyng dit dai trudc thi dat thugc quyen sii dung cua hg Nguyen tdc ndy da ngdn ngira dugc tranh chip phat sinh giiia nhOng thdnh vien cdng ddng, gdp phan xac lap vd tri su dn dinh, doan ket d budn ldng, Bdn Id lugt tuc Jrai phdn anh y thiic, trdeh nhi6m ciia ddng bao viec giu gin mdi sinh, mdi trudng, phdng vd chdng chay rimg thdng qua cac quy dinh nghiem cam sii dung lua mdt each bira bai Xuat phdt tir thuc tien, ddng bao sinh sdng dieu kien miia khd keo dai hon thang mdt nam Do vgy, hod hogn de xay neu ddng bdo cd 2.2 Mdt sd ddnh gid vi vai Ird ciia ludt nhung hanh vi bat can viee sii dung liia luc'Jrai qudn li, su dung ddl dai, mdi dl ddt nuong rdy vd phyc vu viec dun nau Tu thuc tien, hoa hoan xay dd gay thiet trudng vd bdo ve rung hgi khdng chi ve mat kinh te ma tan phd 2.2.1 LTU dilm Mdt Id lugt tyc Jrai quan niem dat dai, nghiem trgng mdi tnrdng, mdi sinh, vi vgy rung niii thudc ve sd hiiu chung ciia cpng cac quy dinh ve phdng va ehdng chay ning ddng budn Iang Do do, mgi thdnh vien trong lugt tyc Jrai Id rat can thiet cgng ddng diu binh ding vdi 2.2.2 Nhugc dilm viec tilp can si> dung ddt dai ddng thdi mpi Ben egnh nhirng uu diem, luat tuc Jrai ligudi diu cd nghia vy vd trach nhi6m ciing bdc Id mdt sd han che chii yeu sau day: viSc giii gin va bao ve dat dai Mdt la theo GS Phan Dang Nhgt, ndi dung - Hai Id luat tyc Jrai dd danh m6t s6 dilu cac dieu luat tuc cd nhieu van de khdng thich quy djnh vl trdeh nhiem khai thac vd bao ve hgp vdi tinh hinh mdi Thdi gian qua, dan cu TAP CHl LUAT HOC SO 12/2012 \ d nhung noi khdc din sinh s6ng djnh cu d vimg Jrai ngdy cdng tang, sy di cu ty phdt ho^c di dan theo kl hogch ciia Nhd nude v.v NhO'ng cu ddn ndy cu Ini, sinh s6ng d cdc ndng, ldm trudng, hgp tac xa ho$c s6ng ty Dilu ndy da tgo nen sy mdu thuin vl phong tyc, t^p qudn sii dyng dit, cdy tr6ng vd vat nudi Tuy nhi^n, Iu§t lyc co truyin Igi chua cd nhChig quy djnh gidi quylt cdc xung d^t ndy nhim bdo ddm sy 6n djnh chfnh trj, tri sy doan kit gifla dcing bdo cdc ddn tgc sinh s6ng d TSy Nguyen Hai la nliQng kinh nghidm qudn If cOng ddng Iinh vyc dit dai, mdi trudng vd bdo ve rimg cua lugt tyc thudng gin lien vdi thi he nhiing ngudi gid budn Idng, ed uy tin cgng ddng nhung dilu kien tudi tdc nen thudng khd vi§c tiep can nhirng yeu td mdi, van dyng vi?c ket hgp hdi hoa gifla quy dinh eiia lugt tyc va phap lugt Cdn the h? tre nhanh nhgy viec tiep thu cai mdi nhung chua cd kinh nghiem viec iing dyng lugt tyc vao viec qudn Ii cgng ddng Day eflng Id mat han che vi?c ke thira vd phdt huy lugl tyc quan If cpng ddng Ba la luat tyc chiia dung mpt sd dieu lugt khdng phu hop va loi thdi; vr du: Vi§c phan xii tranh chip dat dai gifla cdc thdnh vien cdng ddng mang tinh me tfn di doan ho$c mang ndng y chf chit quan eiia gia Idng Kit luan Tren co sd nghien cim, tim hieu cdc quy dinh ciia lual tyc Bahnar, luat tyc Jrai quan li, sir dyng dat dai, bdo v? mdi trudng vd bdo ve rimg, chung ta cd the dua m^t sd ggi md nham bao tdn vd phat huy nhiing gid tri tich cue cua ludt tyc, cy thi; - Lu§t tyc Id sdn phim ctia xa h^i c^ truyin da tCmg hinh thdnh vd tdn tgi hdiq tram nam trudc dSy, m$c dii lugt tyc cung tn biln d6i dk phii hgp vdi xa hgi mdi nhung sc vdi y£u ciu phdt triln ndng nghidp, ndng thdn theo hudng cdng nghi$p hod, hi^n dai hod, lu^t tyc cflng bOc 10 nhiing bit cap Do v$y, ke thira, phdt huy lugt tyc phai ludn chgn lpc nhflng tinh hoa tri thiic quan It cgng d6ng ciia lu^t tyc, d6i mdi cho phii hgp v