Giáo trình Văn học Nga thế kỷ 19: Phần 1 - Phạm Thị Thu Hà (Khoa Ngữ văn Nga - ĐH KHXH&NV TP.HCM)

Phần 1 giáo trình "Văn học Nga thế kỷ 19" do Phạm Thị Thu Hà (Khoa Ngữ văn Nga - ĐH KHXH&NV TP.HCM) biên soạn có kết cấu gồm các phần: Mục lục, Краткие сведения о русской литературе до XIX века, Русская литература XIX века, Пушкин А. С., Лермонтов М. Ю., Гоголь В. Н. Giáo trình là tài liệu học tập cho sinh viên khoa Ngữ văn Nga của trường Đại học Khoa học xã hội và Nhân văn TP.HCM, đồng thời là tài liệu tham khảo cho những ai yêu thích văn học Nga.

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JlwrepaTrypa XVII peKa — «Ï[loBecrb o Tope-3nouactun» [epol, đOpbil' MOIOR€LI, IDeHper CTADWHHbIM YKIAHOM 3/⁄3HW, ïIO3TOMY WCIbITAI MHOTO TID€BDATHOCTeI Tope- 3nouacTuu npecnegoBano ero AO Tex IOD, IOKA OH H© YVULISI B MOHACTbIDb MOpa/IbHbll

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PYCCKAA JIATEPATYPA XIX BEKA

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- NEPBbIM PeaNUCTUYeECKMM POMAHOM B MIDOBOHI AUTepatype — uv Apamon «Bopnc ÏOnyHOB>, YTBepgAMn peanu3m Kak rnaBHoe HanpaBnenue NuTepatypbl

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A7TIEKCAHHP CEPTEEBMH

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NywkvH nocenunca B Metep6ypre Tenepb y no3sta cemenHbie 3a60TbI (40M, AeTM) cTanu

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PpaCcxOgbl, Ha KOTOPbIe He XBaTaNO AOXOAOB C H€ÕOTATbiX WMGHUHÙ“ TBODHeCTBO IO23TA CTaAO OCHOBHbIM WCTOQHWKOM CpeACTB AIA CemMbu Vi Tem He MeHee 3TO ObINM rObl CHACTMBOH CeM©WHOI VW IIOHOTBODHOI TBODd€CKOI 3»X⁄3HW MHOXCTBO CTMXOTBOD€HMÙI («BHOBb &

nocetun», «<OTUbI — NYCTbIHHUKU», <OCeHb», «MamMATHUK», «[loBecTwu be7KWHa», «[ÏWKOB đaMa»>, «KanWTraHcCKaa noqka», «llCropwa TlyradeBCKoro 6yHTa», «ManeHbKuve Tpareguu» vu Ap.) ÕbI7O HarIMCAHO B 3TM TObI

Ho OTHOWEHMA C BbICIMM T€T€DÔYVpTCKMM OÔLI€CTBOM, C LAD@M CTAHOBMMCb BCe 6onee HanpAxXeHHbIMU Kpacota HatTanbu HukonaeBHbl NPUBNeKaNa NOKNOHHMKOB, CNNeTHU no STOMY NOBOAY pa3sgApaxanun nosta SauWjWlWaA YeCTb %KeHbI WU CBOerO WMeHY, [ÏyLIKWMH

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IIPOM3BEHEHM1ôđ1 HYLIKMHA

[lyUuIKWH - ID©XGI© BCeTO IO3T-nMDMK Wl3yqaa nđWpMKY [ÏyULIKMHA, CIGHY€GT IOMHIWTb, 4TO KđXIO© CTWMXOTBOD€HM© VHWKAJ7bHO, HGIOBTODMMO Ll@neBpbl IYLIKMHCKOI JMDWMKM - CO3H€ÙLIMÙ CHJlAB, B KOTODOM BC© 3H8q4WMMO: KaXNBI ÕPA3, KaXHA3 XYOK€CTBGHHAô AeTanb, PUTM, WHTOHALIMØ, CHIOBO BOT ïIOq©MY TUỊAT@GJIbHbll đHa/13 TeKCTơ IDOM3BGN€HMH - OCHOBa IIDABWJIbHOFO IIOHIWMAHMØ3 WX CMbICIA MB XY1OX©CTB€HHOFO CBO@DpA3Mn OdeHb

BAXHO OCBOWTb DA3HbIJ `CIOBADb” IyLIKMHCKÓ nWpMKW B Õ07bUIIWHCTBG CTMXOTBOD€HMÙ

MB HAXOHMM KHIOQGBbS CHOBA-OOPA3Lb, 3a KOTOPbIMM CTOMT OIDGH€/IHHHIÙ 6uorpacduyeckun, AUTepaTyPHbIM WJM TICMIXOJTIOTMQECKMIH KOHTeKCT `CBoO6öOna” W “Bona”,

vm vm / V\ vm

“camosBnactbe”, "*cynb6a”, “apy>x6a”, u "nIOGOBb”, `XM3Hb“”W “CMepTb”, “Mope” uv “6eper”,

vm vm

“noKon" u “6ypa”, “3snma”, avn

BeCHa” UV “OCeHb”, “nNosT” uv “ToNNa” - B Ka>KZOM U3 STUX COB, B WX CMbICI© M 3BÿqaHWM, [ÏlyLIKMH HAXO/NMJ MHOXGCTBO KDACOK M OTTeHKOB OHM - KaK Gbl "n]MHHO€ YyXO” ©rO WneÙi HaCTDO€HMH

OnHa W3 Ba»X4HeJLLIWX TeM ]ñMDMKM [ÏyLIKMHa - TeMa CBOÔO/bi CBoboga ans Nywkuna - BbICLlA3 3W3H@HHAê LIGHHOCTb, 63 Hee OH YX%© B IOHOCTMH HE MOF NpeACTaBUTb CBO€TO CyLUeCTBOBaHua CBoöona - OCHOBa /nDyXGbl CBoOö0naA - ycnoBue TBOPYECTBa [IpencTaBeHWa o0 CBOö0ne BCerna ÕbIW OCHOBOI IYLIKMHCKOTO MWMDOBO33D€HWê JÏWpWKa

1817-1819 r.r - 23XO TñYyLIKMHCKWMX IDGHCTABJ€HMI" O CBO6One ÏlO3rWqeCKWe o6pa3ubl,

OTDaXaIOLIW© WX B CTMXOTBODpeHMWøx "BonbHoCTb”, “JlepeBHa”, “K YaagaeBy”, - 3TO OOpa3bl anneropuyeckue: CsBobofa u “BOMbHOCTb cCBATaA” (ona “BOMbHOCTb”), “3Be3fa

1

ñ7e€HWT@7bHOrO CuacTrbs” (*K daanaepy”), ` CBo6Onbi IpOCBeLIeHHOH IDeKpaCHan 3apa

(“Hepesua”)

NocnaHve “K Yaagaesy™ (1818) - spkunw nupuyeckui “cumBon BepblI” MO/IO/JbIX “Apy3eN BOMbHOCTH” CTUXOTBOPEHNe HOCMT AMYHbIN, HaxKe VHTUMHbIN XapakTep ITO CBAZAHO C TM, 4TO MGHñ€TCñ 3D€CAT ñYLIKMHCKWMX CIOB O CBO6O/e Ecnu B “ BonbHocTn” u “ZlepesHe”

OH B3blBA@T K H©@ÕO3DWMOMY MMDY, ïIODAX@HHOMY TMDAHW©M, W K POCCWW, K MOHAXY, TO

Tenepb y Hero nopbiB K cBOboge “YaCTHbIN” agpec: taana©B, HđDYT, ©1MHOMbILIICHHWK, K

KOTODOMY IlyWKUH OO6pauaetTca Kak 6bI NepesA NULOM Tex, KTO CBA3aH VU y3aMu Apy>KO6bl, M o6ujen uenbio CBoboga uv 34eCb npeACctaeT KaK Web BbICOKUX CTPpeMNeHUN NoOdsTa W ©TO

Apy3eu, Kak OTBeT Ha “OTYM3HbI nPU3bIBaHbe” HO Ha NepBbIN MAH BbIXOAVT BHYTPeHHAA CBO6ONa, Õ©3 KOTOPON NyWkKUH He MbICNUT AOCTMXKeHUA CBOOOAbI O6LIECTBEHHONM CBobona -

Trang 14

`MMHYVTbI B@DHOFO CBMAHbñ“ CBO6O]A CBA3aHa C XKU3HbIO CepAlia, C NpeACTaBNeHUAMNU O

uw“

yecTu, MW gonre, C MpekpacHbimMu nopbiBamu” “HeTepnenuBon” nyuu B (đwHane

CTWXOTBOD€HMWê BO3HIWKA©€T O6DA3 ỐY/ÿLI©TO, B KOTODOM H€GO NogacT BeCcTb 06 OOHOBNeHUN PoCCMM, O HACTyriaIOLlel nope cBobomb! (“3Be34a NNeHUTeNbHOrO CuaCTbñ”), Poccusa, CIOBHO 6oraTbipb, “BCNPAHET OTO CHa”, a CBOOOAHbIE NOAM yYBeEKOBeYaT NaMATb O T€X, KTO CTDACTHO B€DMJI B CBOGONY, `Ha O6IOMKAX CaMOB/IACTbđ

CTrwxorBopeHwue “Bo rny6wWHe CMƠMpbCKMX DVH ”, nñocnaHHOE bB 1827

Aeka6puctam, - TDAX/IAHCKMI IOCTYTIOK [ÏyLIKMHA, CHWTABLI©TO CBOMM /OTTOM TIONH€DXATb Apy3ev B TpyAHylo IODY MX XW3HW HO I€D©@KJIKA©€TCđ C DñOM DAHHWX IDOM3B€n€HUWỦ [lyLlKWHA, CO3]AHHbX B TOHbI M3rHaHMd [ÏOCIaHW€ HárMCAHO 3bIKOM TIOMTMHGCKWMX

đnnerOpMÙ, Onu3KuM UM NMOHATHbIM /jq@KaÕpWCTaM HO CMbICI 2T⁄X OÕDpA3OB W3MGHWJICR "`MpadHble nog3emenba”, “MpaYHble 3aTBOpbI”, ”KATODXHbIG HODBI”, ”OKOBbI TØ3KM@” VU

`T@MHMLIbBI” - He aOcTpakTHble WHOCKA3aHWd DTO OOpa3bl C BNOMHE KOHKPETHbIM,

"npenMeTOM” COI©DXXAHW€M - OHM CO3AalOT KapTUHy “HeCcuaCTbA”, NOCcTUrWero AeKaOpucToB

Cpo6boga, KOTOPaA "TIDMM@GT paAOCTHO y BxOffa” Y3HNKOB-AeKaOpucToB, - 2TO UX

OCBOGOXI©HW©, 3A HHM nocnegyeT BcTpeya C “OpaTbAMN”, APy3bAMU W_ BO3BDALIeHWe rDa4ñaHCKWMX nñpAB

[lyULlKWH Obi YeNOBeKOM, XM3Hb KOTODOFO IpOUIIA CDGHMW XXGHLIMWH OgHako nio6oBHylO nñMDMKY MywkuHa He CnegyeT paccMaTpuBaTb Kak NOSsTMYeCKNMM aHanor ero

“AOH>KYAHCKOrO CnucKa” OTMeTUM, YTO B WeAeBpax NYWKUHCKON MIOGOBHON NupuKU (“K***” unu Apyroe Ha3BaHve “ A MOMHFO 4yAHOe MrHoBenbe ”) (1825), “A Bac nro6nn ” (1829), “Ha xonMax TDy3Mu ” (1829) roBopWT WM€HHO O QqYBCTBAX ïñ02Ta, a He O6

OTHOWWEHUAX, CBA3bIBABLUMX eEFO C BO3NHOONeHHbIMU He CTOUT, qWTă CTWXOTBODpeHWơ “SA Bac

1

nIOÔMH ” Wnw "*Ha XonMax [DYy3WW ”, WCKATb OTB@T HA BOFIDOC , KOrO UMeN B BUAY NOdT [Ipu3HaBaøCb B UCKPeHHeU, HGXKHOM IOOBM UM NOBTOPAA, Kak 3aKMHAaHNe, “NeYanb MOA

ñonHa To6oIO, /To6ol, OAHONM TO6oN ” B cTuxoTBOpeHun “A NOMHIO 4YyfAHOe MIHOBEeHbE ”

OTDA3M7IWCb đB© BcTpeun c A.I] KepH - B 1819 u 1825 rr., HO Dea/bHaê 3X4⁄3Hb NOdTa, B

KOTOPON 3a NATb NeT 6biINO HE MANO APyrux >%*KeHLINH, GECKOHEYHO AaneKka OT NO3sTMYeCKONU KđDTMHbI, CO3/AHHOÙI B 3TOM IDOM3BG€HMW

JltoGOBb nñnê [lyuIKWHA-]MpMKA - IDGHM€T BbICOKOI IO33WW CTWXM [ÏyLIKMHA - BOBCe

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BbIDaxKeHbI Cunocod@ckue npesACcTaBNeHuA NosTa O PKEHLIMHE KaK WCTOHHWKG KDACOTbI, FADMOHMM, H©W3bØ8CHWMbIX HACJ7I3X/I©HUWÙ [ÏYLIKMH nIOOMI 3GHLIWH, OH BOCTIST 3X€HLIWHY

B nupuke [lyLIKWMH3 OXKMBAIOT ero "HNIOGBMW I/IÍHMTGIbHbIS CHbI” STO CTWHXM-

BCTIOMWHAHM, B KOTOPblX NOST qYTKO IDWMC7TIYLIBA€TCñØ K Cebe, CTPEMUTCA BbIPa3UTb B CNOBe NCUXONOFMYeCKY!O YHUKAsJIbHOCTb W B TO Ke BDEMA CXOACTBO CBOMX nIÕOBHbIX I€D©3KWBAHMH

B ctuxoTBopeHuu “A Bac 7ItOGMU ” (1829) MHOTO ncuxonornuueckux AeTanen Nuk uyBcTBa npovgeH, nosta He myunT “6one3Hb” 106BU OH NUWeET O TOM MOMeHTEe, KOrfa YYBCTBO y>Ke yracaeT, HO “ewe yracio He coBcemM” B ero AyWe OXUBaeT /IOOGOBb-BCTIOMMHAHWe 2TO ]IOGOBb H€BbICKAa3aHHAê, ”©3MO/IBHA8”, HG CBđ3AHHA3 C H©X/IAaMW Ha B3AVUMHOCTb OH

BCIOMWHA@T TDYCTHbI© MrHOB€HWØ CBO€TO YYBCTBa, KOTODO€ KO/IeöA7IOCb M@3X{IY DðOCTbIO UV DeBHOCTbIO []DpOLIA8Cb C BO3IOONHHOH, B TIOCIGHHUHÙ pa3 AYMaA O CBOWX UYBCTBAX, IO2T IOu©DKWBA@T cuny npowegswen nmo6Bu OH AenaeT 3TO TOHKO, /©7WKATHO, Kenan, qTOGbl

"NDYTOM” đIOMJ 3X@HLIWHY TđK 3© UCKD@HHO W1 HGXHO, KaK OH B CTWXOTBOD€HWMW HT HH YNpeKOB, HV O6ud, HV ư©Ẵ3Ha6XXHOCTM []02T 6đarap€H »4eHLIMHe đaXe 3a `Õ©3MO/BHYIO” W

6©3OTB€THYVIO J7IOBb K Hell OH OTHOCMTCđ Õ@D©3KHO W C T€TIIOTOI: pA3IOOWMB ©©, OH B@DWT B

TO, YTO OHA BHOBb 6ygeT 7IOGWMaA

B 3TOM CTWMXOTBODeHMW, KaK VU B OONbLIMHCTBe CTWXOTBODeHMMW 1820-X T.T., HT

noptpeta Bo3mlob6neHHou Yeptbi MOOuUMbIX %KeHWIVH MyYWKNH YacTO BUAUMT Kak Obl CKBO3b AbIMKy BOCIOMWHAHMI M CHOB [OBODWTb O HWX NOSTY CTOb XW© CIOXHO, KđK M O6 aGCONIOTHOU KpacoTe VIM O BbiCLIOM B/IAXK©HCTB€, ïIO3TOMY DA3bli X@HLIMH CO3AIOTCđ C

IOMOLIbIO CDABH€HUWÙ“ MU aHanorun (“A đOMHIO qÿđHO© MTHOB€HWe ”, "ManoHa”) TonbKO Tak

nosT MOXKeT nepegsaTb CBOM BNeYaTNeHUA O BO3NIOONeHHbIX B CTUXOTBOPeHMM “A NOMHIO

tY1HO€ MTHOBGHWG ” OH CDABHIIBA@T BO3B/IIOGNeHHY!O C “MUMONETHbIM BUZEHbeEM”, C “reHvemM UNCTOM KpacoTbi” Ee “ronoc He@>KHbIN” He CAMBAasICA C 9*KUTeEMCKUM LWYMOM, a “Musbie YepTbI”

ABUJINCb ©MY B CHaX

bonnMHCKaê 0CeHb (1830) KopoTKMÙ, HO CAMbIÙi ñ7IOIOTBODHbII IGDIO/H B TBODH€CTBe

NywkuHa [lepBbIiMM GbInM nñpO3awdaecKWue "[logecCTM BenKWHaA”, HarIWCAHHbI© B CẴeHT56P€ - OKTsGpe [lopecTr4 “Bbictpen”, “Metenb”, “lpo6oBuink”, ”CTAHLWOHHbIW CMOTDMT€Jb”, “BapbILWHA-KpeCTbAHKa” OÔb@HMWH€HbI BblMbILIJICHHbIM DaCCKA3qWKOM llBAHOM [Ï@TDOBWuHeM

Trang 16

peqW reDoeB OT ÕCTT€/IbCTB ⁄3HW tJeIOB€K đÿyMA@T , IOCTYTIA@GT, FrOBODWT TaK, KaK OH BOCNUTAaH B ONpeAeNeHHbIX VUCTOPUYeCKUX YCNOBUAX 3XŒ13HW, C TOCTO/CTBYIOLIMMM B HUX COLWAbHbIMM WẪ 3KOHOMMH€CKWMMW CBñ38MM STO, OAHAKO, HE 3HAYUT, YTO TOd4Ka 3D@HWØ

[lyllKWHA Hă pacCKa3aHHble COObITAA COB@DLICHHO YyCTpaHeHa OHa “npucyTcTByeT” B

WDOHWH€CKOM OTHOLICHWM K POMAHTMYECKUM ClOXKETAM, B NOCNEAOBATENbHOM UM HeyCTaHHOM BbIB/ICHWW ©fCTBMT€/IbHbIX IDMMWH T©X WJIM WHbIX IOCTYTIKOB T@DOeB

OcoGoe M€CTO CDGIW IYLIKMHCKMX IIDOM3B€H©HMÙW 3aHWMa€TCI "“CTAHLMOHHbIH

CMOTDMTGJBb” [ÏYLIKMH HApWCOBAI B 3TOM rIDOM3B@GTI€HWW O6DA3 “MaNneHbKOrO” YeNnOBeKa,

KOTOpbIÙ 33T©M IIDMBIu€T BHWMAHW€ W [OrO7]8 W /OCTOeBCKOTO 2Ta IYyLIKMHCKAñ TDđNMLIWS Halwa 3aBepweHve B TBOpYecTBe dexopa [lyULIKMH HAñO0J/TO OID€RGJMJI ONHY M3 CđMblX

XđpaKT€PHbIX ]MHUỦ D€đWCTWMuGCKMÙ NUTepatypbl: W3DpAX@HW© "Ma@HbKOrO” q©e7OB@KA,

6©€CTIOMOLIHOrO, 3a6WTOTO, BbIDa3X4eHWe€ rY6OKOrO COWYBCTBMS TM, KTO ÿYTH€T€H Mi CTDA/AeT

[epol "CTaHLWOHHOTO CMOTDMTeI]8“ CaMCOH BbIiDMH rOD8O JIOOMT CBOIO đOdb ƠH CHaCT7IB 2T0l JIOỐOBbIO HO BOT CYaCTbe pA3DpYyLIHO: oduuep MWMHCKMI YÿBO3MT goub ConHue

nomepkno n1 OTLla [lyULIKMH COCDGOTOqMBA@T BHIIMAHI©G He Ha AlyHe, a Ha CTpagaHuax CMoTputena BbipvHa, Y KOTOPOrO OTHAT @AMHCTBeHHbIM CMbICN ero >KVU3HU HeCcMOoTps Ha cemenHoe 6narononyyuve AlyHu, BbIDVH, yYMyYAPCHHbIM >%KV3HEHHbIM OMbITOM, YYBCTBYeT, WTO HyHa W MWHCKHI npvHagnexkaT K Pa3HbIM COLIMaNbHbIM CHOAM UM 23TO TDO3MT Tparegnen CuacTbe /]VHW Bblir1n1nMT ana BbipvHa cnyyanHocTblo OTe, yOexqeH, YTO PaHO UNM IO3NHO

MuHCKMH 6pocut /jjyHO B uyscTBax, B ClOBAX W noctTynkax BbipwHa nNposBnsaetTca

HEYMO/IMMbIN 33KOH H€CTIDAB@/NMBOFTO OÔLICTBaA

PoMaH "EBreHHlH QHerMH” - đDOW3B©I€HW© YMBWMT€TIbHOI TBODdeCKOMI CVy/bƠbl OH

CO3naBanca 6onee ceMW neT - c Maa 1823-ro no ceHrsGpb 1830 Y [lyuiKWHaA HT

IDOM3BG€HWH, KOTODbI© M€IM ÔbI TOAbKO Ke ANUTeNbHy!O WCTODMIO POMAH H© đWCa/ICđ ` Ha ©đMHOM /đbIXđHWM”, a CKNagbIBasICA - U3 CTPOd VU rnaB, CO3MaHHbIX B Pa3HOe BPeMA, B Pa3HbIxX

O6CTOATeNbCTBaX, B Pa3Hble Nepvosbl TBOpYecTBa "EBreHUMÙ (OHerwH” - TpygAHenwee npov3BegeHve [ÏyLIKMHA, HGCMOTD3 Hê BUMMVIO JĐTKOCTb M npoctoty B F BenMHCKMl

HAa3Ba1 "EBreHWUn (OHerWHa” *3HLIIKIOIGHMGW pyccKOU X⁄3HW”, IOIQHGDKHYB LITAÔ

IYUIIKMHCKOIO “Tpyfia MHOroneTHero” 2TO “pOMaH 3X⁄3HMW”, KOTODBII BOOpan B cebs

OFPOMHbIN OOLIECTBEHHO-NCTOpUYeCKNn, ÕbITOBOH, NUTepaTyPHbIN MaTepuan

HoBaTopCTBO “poMaHa B CTUXaX” NPOABUNOCb, Npexg_e Bcero, B TOM, HTO [ÏyULIKMH Hawes HOBbIA TUN Npo6NemHoro repos - “repos BpemeHn” Takum repOeM CTa7 EBreHWl

Trang 17

O6CTOATENbCTBAa COBPEMEHHON ACVCTBUTeENbHOCTM, He3ayPAAHbIE AVYHbIE KaY4eCTBa MB KDYT

"B@uHbiX” O6LI@q4€7IOBeueCKWX NpObNeM, C KOTOPbIMM OH CTasIKMBaeTCA

B cloxKeTe NPOU3ZBeACHMA yUaCTByIOT q@TbIDe repoa - (OHerwH, JleHCKWMl, TaTbaHa W Onbra OcTanbHble AULa HE VrpalOT B HEM CKOJIbKO-HMƠY/b CYLI©CTBeHHOWI pOnW O6e napbi repoeB NPOTMBONOCTaBNeHb! APyr Apyry: ñIO6OBb TATbØ8Hbi UV OHeruHa HerIOXOXA HA 7IOöOBb

JleHcKoro w Onprw JleHcKWÙ w OHerwH, TarbaHa UU Onbra Tak>xKe HECXOAHbI MexKAy cobon B

OCHOBY CIOX@TA rIO/IOXW@HblI WHTMMHbIG YYBCTBa repoeB (NO60Bb TaTbAHbI K OHeruHy, a

nIOGOBb JleHckoro K Onbre W npy%6a OHerWHa w JleHCKorO) OnHaKO rIDOCTOTA CIOX€Ta

BHYTD€HH©G OC/IOXHeHa Ka»2IbHH repOW IDOXOHWMT Q@D©3 WCTIbITAHW©, KOTODO© KOD@HHbIM DA3OM M€HS€T ©rO CybƠỐY [@DOUW H@eYKOHHO ñBM3XVTCñ K LICHTDA7IbHOMY COGbITMIO - ñÿ3nW

OHerwHa M JleHCKOro [ÏO@nMHOK pD@LIWT@IbHO M€HS@€T UX CyAbObI: X4⁄43Hb JÏ@HCKOTO

Tparuyecku O6pbIBaeTca, Onbra ÕbICTpO 3aGblBaeT J]@HCKOTO W BbIXOAUT 33MY% 3a ynaHa TaTbnHa XDAHMT "nIOÕOBb K OH€TIWHY, HO CTAHOBIITCđ 34@HÓ reHepana OHerwH OTNpPaBNAeTCcA B nyTewecTBue, B ero AyWe HacTynaeT nepenom, Uv Tenepb OH y>Ke WCTIbITbIBA@T K TTbqHe mro60Bb OAHaKO HM OAHOMY U3 repoeB HE AAHO NOAVIMHHOe YeENOBeYeCKOE CYaCTbe: OHO o6opauuBaetca nu6o naponwel (Onbra w ynaH), nu6o Tpareguen (JleHcKun, TaTbaHa vu

OHerwH)

BonpoCbi uv 3añnaHMs

1 Kakne rnaBHble TeMbI TBOPYectTBa Ï[ÏyLIKMHa B ©rO HA17/IbHbIX ïIDpOM3B€neHWsX? 2 UTO OObeANHAET CTUXOTBOPeHUA «KBONbHOCTb», <K taanaepy», «/l|epDeBHa»?

3 UTO BbI MOKeTe PacCKa3aTb O NMpUKe MyWkNHa? Ha30BuTe HEKOTOPbIe Ero CTUXOTBOPeEHUA

O nIoöBW?

4 O qeM HanWca1 [ÏlyUIKMH B DOMaAH€ B CT⁄Xax «EBreHWli OHerWH»?

[IoqeMy B [ BenWHCKWÙ Ha3Ban «EBreHUs OHerWHa» «3HLIWKTOI6MeH DYCCKOI XXI3HW>? 6 PaCcCKaXWT© ONHOM W3 IDOM3B€©HWU A C [ÏlyLIKWHA, KOTODO€ Bbi dWTA71M Hê DYCCKOM

Trang 18

JIUTEPATYPHOE HTEHME

Jio6Bu, Hase>*KAbl, TAXON CnaBbl Hegonro He>KUH Hac O6MaH,

Vicue3nu toHble 3a6aBbl,

Kak COH, Kak YTP@HHUN TyMaH;

Ho B HaC TODMT ©LI€ %e7aHbe,

[lon rHeTOM B/IACTWH POKOBONU, HeTepnenwboIo nyuioli

OTdW3HbI BH©M/JI©M ïIDM3bIBAHbe

Mbi 416M C TOM/IGHb@M

yNOBaHba MUHYTbI NONHOCTbIO CBATON,

Bo rny6uHe cu6upcKknx pyA Xpanute ropgoe Tepneube,

He nponaget Bal CKOpOHbIN TpyA

W nyM BbICOKOe CTpemneHbe HecuacTbIiO BepHaa CecTpa, Hane%‹na B MDAHHOM IIOñ3@M€/Ibe Pa36yanT 6ofpoctb u Becenbe, [puget *enaHHaể nopa:

KHAAHAEBY

KaK XN€T I!OGOBHWK MOJIOHNOH MMHYTbI BeDHOTO CBM/1AHbô [loxa cBo60OIO rODWM,

Moka cepguia 419 q€CTW 3XMBbI,

Mon apyr, OTUN3HE NOCBATUM

JyuIw IDeKDACHbI€ TIODbIBbil

TOBADWLI, BeDb: B30l1GT OHa,

3B€3ñaA ñ/I€HWT€/IbHOFO CuaCTbA, POCCWMñ BCIDSH@T OTO CHa,

VU Ha O6NOMKaX CAMOBNACTbA

HanuwyT Hal “MeHa!

1818

B CABUPb

JI1060Bb UV APy2KECTBO AO Bac

HOHnYT CKBO3b MDAHHbI© 38TBODPBI, Kak B Balu KaTOp>KHble HOpbI

Aloxogut MOU CBOGbOAHbIN rac OKOBbI TS>KKNe NaAyT,

T@MHULUbI pyXHyT - vu cBobosa Bac NpuMeT pafOcTHo y BxO/Aa,

Vi 6patba Mey Bam OTAAaAyT

Trang 19

ñ TIOMHIO HYHHOE MTHOBEHbE

ñ TOMHIO qVỵHO€ MTHOB€HE€:

[lepeno MHOÙ BMW/IACb TbI,

Kak MUMONeTHOe BUZeHbe,

Kak FeHUM qWCTOI KDACOThI

B TOM/I€HbñX TDYCTW

6e3HaneXXHOl, B Tpesporax WYMHON CyeTbI 3Byda7 MHe€ TBOH rO/IOC

H©3KHbIH W cHHnMCb MWPIbI©€ q@DTHI

LUnv rogbi Bypb IODbIB MđT©XXKHbIÙI Pacces IDe3»4HW© M€uTbI,

W a 3aGbIn TBOM FONOC HE>XKHbIN

TBOW H€Õ€CHbI© @pTHI

TbBÌ W Bbli Nyctoe BbI 1 CepAe4HbIM TbI OHa O6MONBACb 3aMeHNNa,

VU Bce cuacnuBble MeuTbI

B aywe Bnio6nĩHHon Bo36yanna

[Ipen Hel 3anyMuWBO CTOIO; CBeCTM OqeÙi C H€Ù HT CM/IbI; W roBOpIO ©€l: KđK Bbl MW/PbII W MbICnIO: KaK Te6ô 7IOGnIiol

1828

B rnylwu, BO Mpake 3aTOYeHbA

TAHYAMCb TUXO AHM MOU

be3 6o»‹eCTBa, 6e3

B7OXHOB€Hbô, be3 Cne3, 6e3 3⁄3HW, 6e3

nIOGBI

B ñyLie HaCTaO ïIDOÔY3XXI€Hbe, W BOT OrI8Tb BM/1ACb TbI, Kak MUMONeTHOe BUZeHbe,

Kak FeHUM qWCTOI KDACOThI W cepnue 6beTcaA B ynoeHbe, VU Ansa Hero BOCKpeCAM BHOBb Vi 60>KeECTBO, U BOOXHOBEHbE,

W »4w3Hb, M CR€3bl, M nIOGOBb

1825

A BAC JIFOBWJI

A Bac nio6un: nto6oBb ele ObITb MOET,

B nyLule MOel yracna He COBCeM;

Ho nyCTb OHa Bac 6O/IbLIe HE TPEBOXKUT; A He xouy neyanuT Bac HuueM

A Bac nio6un 6e3MONBHO, 6e3HAaAe>KHO, TO po6OcTbIO, TO PEBHOCTbIO TOMMM;

A Bac nlo6un Tak UCKPeHHO, Tak HE>KHO, Kak gan Bam 6or mro6umon ObITb Apyrum

Trang 20

BonpoCbi uv 3añnaHMs

1 K yemy rIpDW3bIBAeT [ÏyLIKMH B CTWXOTBOpeHIWMW “K taanaegy”? 2 BueM 3aK7IOqaeTCê CMbICI rioCnaHWa “K daanaegy”?

3 BblyYqWT€ HA13YCTb OTDbIBOK: OT “Tloka cBo6ogow .” 40 “Hanuwyt Hawn WM€HaAI”

4 B KaKol crpodQe «B CMƠMWpW» BbliDaAe©TcCï Han©X/lA, B KaKOl cTpode BbiparxKaeTca

3aBepeHue aBTopa?

5 Ouem xoueT CKa3aTb NOST B CNOBax: “He nponageT Ball! CKOP6HbIN Toya lÍ nyM BbICOKOe cTpemneunve ”

EBTEHMÙ OHETMH

[JIABA [IEPBA3 Ill

Cny>KUB OTNUYHO-6naropogHo, JHonraM 34⁄1 erO OTe€LI,

HaBan Tpu 6ana e»eronHO

W IiDOMOTA/ICñ HAKOHeLI

Cynb6a OHerWHa XpaHW1a: Cnepspa Madame 3a HuM xoguna,

[loToM Monsieur ee cMeHMn

Pe6eHOK 6bI1 pe30B, HO MMI Monsieur (Albbe d@pakuy3 y6orun, UTO6 He U3MYYNNOCh AUTA,

Yuun ero Bcemy WyTS,

He noKyuan MOpaA7bIO CTDpOTOÙ,

Cnerka 3a LianocCTH ÕDaHWI

W B JleTHWl Can rynaTb BO/NMH

POMAH B CTUXAX

IV

Korgja Ke OHOCTN MATEXKHOU

[lpwuuina EBre@HWIO nopa,

[lopa Han©»1 W rDYCTM H©€XXHOH,

Monsieur nporHa7 c nBopa

BoT Mol OHerWwH Ha CBO60]e; OCTpMX€H ïñO ïIOC7I6nH€I MON; Kak dandy ñOHNOHCKMỦ ON€T -

Vi HaKOHeL, YBUAeN CBeT

OH rio-(PDpAHLIY3CKM COBEPLUCHHO Mor u3bACHATbCA W rIWNCAT; Jlerko Ma3ypky TaHueBan VU KnaHasICA HENPUHYy>XxKAeCHHO; Yero Ke Bam 6onbuie? CBeT

Trang 21

Mbi BCe ÿy4W7IMCb FIOHGMHOYTY

teMY-HMÔYVjb W KaK-HMỢYjb,

TK BOCTIWTAHb€M, C7IaBa GOFV,

Y HaC HeMYD€HO Õ€CHYVTb

OHerMH 6b, MO MHEHbIO MHOrMX

(Cynel pewutenbHbix u CTpornx), YueHbIN MasibIN, HO NeAaHT,

Bonpocbi uv 3añnaHMs

VUmen OH C¥aCTAMBbIN TanaHT

be3 ïIDWHY%I€Hbđ B DA3rOBODe KOCHYTbCA AO BCero cnerKa, C yYeHbIM BUZOM 3HaTOKa

XpaHUTb MONYAHbE B Ba?KHOM cnope

VU Bo36yxxKfaTb ynbi6ky gam

OrH€M H@3GIAHHbIX 2ïMTDaAMM ( )

1 Kakoe BocnuTaHue W pa30BaAHWe€ đ0/YdWn EBreHwll OHerwH? 2 KK TaKO€ BOCTIITAHW© NOBAMANO Ha ero XapakTep?

3 KaK OLeHWBaeT EBreHUusa OHerWHa ero OOLIECTBO?

[7IABA BTOPAô

XII

boraT, XOpoULll co6oIo, JleHCKMÙ Be3ne 6bIN NPUHAT Kak 9KeHUX; TaKOB OGbIqali neDeBeHCKMI;

Bce gouek npownnn cBoux 3a /70/1/2VCCKOrO COC@/1đ;

B3olneT nW OH - TOT dqac 6ece7a 3aBONMT CIOBO CTODOHOf

O CKyK€ 3⁄13HW XOIOCTOH;

3OBYT COC€HaA K CaMOBADY,

A ]yHa pa3nWBaeT dal;

Ev wenuyt: “JlyHs , npumeyan!” NoTOM NPUHOCAT W TWTApV: W 3anwLiMT OHa (6OT MOl):

[lpWnM B ©€DTOT KO MH© 371ATOHI

XIII

Ho JI@HCKUN, He UMeB, KOHEYHO,

OXOTbI y3bI 6paka HECTb, C OHerWHbIM Kenan CepfeyuHo

3HAKOMCTBO NOKOPOYE CBECTb OHW COLIWCb BO/IHa M KaM€Hb, CTWXMW W ïID0O3a, nen W nđ7IaM©Hb

He cTo/b pa3nMHHbI M©%

co6oli CnepBa B3aWMHOÙ Da3HOTOlI OHW nDYT nDYTY ỐbInM CKYHHbI; [loTOM ñOHDABWJ/IWCb; TIOTOM

Cbe3>KaJINCb KAXKAbIN JEHb BEPXOM,

Wl cKopo CTa7M HeDA3/IYHHHI

Tak FOAM (NepBbii Kal0Cb 9)

Trang 22

XV BO3bMMT€ W HAl1©T©, B€DHO,

Ee nopTpet: OH O4eHb MUN,

OH cnywan JleHcKoro Cc y7IbIOKOlI A npexKge cam ero niwo6un,

[lo2ara nñbIKMÙ Da3rOBOD, Ho Hanoeno OH MHe 6e3mMepHo VU ym, @lue B CY>KMeHbAX 3bIGKUN No3BonbTe MHe, UNTaTeNb MOU, VV BE4YHO BAOXHOBEHHbIN B30P - 3aHATbCA CTapWelo CeCTpON

OHerMHY BCe 6bI10 HOBO;

OH OxNaAUTeNbHOe COBO ( )

B ycrax CTrapa/cêa ỵep»‹aTb XXV

V ayman: rnyno MHe MelwaTb

ErO MMHYTHOMY 6/a>xKeHCTBY; Wrak OHa 3Ba7nacb TaTbqHOH

[IDOCTWM TODñ4K€ IOHbIX 7T Hu KpacoToli CeCTpbIi CBO©ÙI,

W OHbill KAP VW FOHbIN Oped ( ) Hu CBexKeCTbIO ee PYMAHOU He npusnekna 6 OHa ouen

XXII Aka, neYasibHa, MONYaNNBa

Kak naHb necHaa 60ø37WBa,

Bcerna CKDOMHa, BC©r/a IOC/VLLIHA, OHa B CeMbe CBoeli DoNHOÙI Bcerga Kak yTpo Becena, Ka3anaCb AeCBOUKONU Yy>KON Kak 2KV3Hb NOSTa NPOCTOAYLUHA, OHa NacKkaTbCa He yMena Kak nouenyu mo6Bu muna, K oTuy, HY K MaTepu cBoen; [na3a Kak He6o rony6ble; Aluta cama, B Tonne AeTen Ynbi6Ka, FOKOHbI JIbHSAHbIe, WrpaTb W npbiratTb He xoTena AIBU>KEHbS, rO/IOC, AerKUM CTaH, W uacto WenbIN DeHb OfHa

Bce B Onbre HO 1060 DOMaH Cugena monya y OKHa

Bonpocbi uv 3añnaHMs

1 Kak MywkuH XapaKTepw3yeT JleHCKoro0?

2 Tlowemy, HeCMOTpA Ha pa3znuunve B XapakTepax VU BO B3rNAgax Ha %KV3Hb, OHErMH U

JleHCKWH “CTanW Hepa3nyuHb!! ”

3 KakK [lyuiKWH XapaKTepW3yeT Onbry u TaTbaHy?

Trang 23

CTAHLIMOHHbIN CMOTPUTEJIb (OTpbIBOK)

B 1816, B Ma©€ M€CS8LI, CYHMTIOCb MH©G TIDO€33ATb Q©pD@3 CKY!O rYy6€DHWIO, IO

TPAKTY HbIH€ YHWTOXGHHYIO HaXORMJICñ ñ B M€7IKOM QWMH€, ©Xđ/7 Ha NepekNagHbix uv nnatun [IDOrOHbI 3a B€ 7IOLIANM

A@Hb bII »apKMÙU B Tp@X B©DCTđX OT CTAHLIMW CTđO HAKDarlblBATb, MW 4epe3 MWHYTY IDO/IBHOI ñOXIb BbIiMOQNMII MeHA AO NocnegHeN HWTKW []O npve3ge Ha CTAHLIMIO,

nepBas 3a60Ta Obina nockopee nepeoseTbCaA, BTOPaA CNpocuTb cebe yal

- "3l, HyHa!l - 3aKpWdan CMOTDMT€Jb - TIOCTABb CaMOBAD la CXOHM 3a CñWBKaMM” [ÏDW

CWX CIOBAX BblLl7lA W3-33 ï@DerODORKW AeBOYKA NeT Q@TbIDHAHLATM U NobexKaNna B C€GHM

Kpacora ee MeHa ïopa3W7a `2TO TBơ ñO4KA?” - cnpocun a cmoTputens - ”/JOdKa-C -

OTB€MA/7 OH C BIIOM đOBO/IbHO CđMOIMS; - na TđK pDđ3yMHă , TaK IDOBODHă, BCA B IOKOWHWLIY MđTb “.( )

He ycnen a paCn/7IATWTbCñ CO CTADbIM ñMLIMKOM, KaK /]JyHñ BO3BDATM/IACb C CaMOBADOM ManeHbkKañ KOK€TKa CO BTOpOrO B3rnaAga 3aMeTUNa BNeYyaTNeHNe, rIDOM3B€TI€HHO€G ©IO Ha MeHS; OHa NoTynuna Sonbuuive rony6ble rna3a; A CTan C HelO pa3rOBapuBaTb, OHa OTBeua/a MHe 6@30 BCAKOM pobocTn, KaK AeBYLWWKa BUAABWAaA CBeT A npegAnoxKuN OTUy ee CTaKaH nyHwy AyHe 9 nogflan Yalwky Yas U MbI BTPOeM Hayanu HecegOBaTb, Kak 6yATO BeK ObINu 3HAKOMbI

Jlowagv 6biNu AABHO TOTOBbI, a MHE BCE HE XOTENOCb PaCCTAaTbCA C CMOTPUTeENeM MU ero AOYKOU HakOHel, A C HUM Npoctunca; oTel, NOxKeNnan MHe AObporo nytu, a ñ04b IDOBO/JMJA Ao Tenern

Npowno HECKONbKO NeT, U O6CTOATeNbCTBa NPUBeNU MeHS Ha TOT CaMbIM TpaKT, B Te Cambie MecTa 41 BCTIOMHWI ñOqb CTaporo cmMoTpuTensa U O6pasoBasica IDM MbICIWM, HTO YBIM2KV €e CHOBA

Jlowagu ctanu y noytTosoro AZomMuKa Bowen B KOMHATY, A TOTYAC ÿY3HA7 KADTMHKW, W3O6DA%XaIOLulWe WCTODMIO ÕnñYHOTO CblIHA; CTOI VU KPOBaTb CTOAJIN Ha NPeXKHUX MeCTAaX; HO Ha OKHaX y>Ke He 6bI0 LBETOB, UV BCE KPYrOM NOKa3bIBAas/IO BETXOCTb MU He6perxKeHne CMOTPUTEsIb cnan nog Tynynom; Mou” npne3gq pa36yaun ero; OH NpuBCTan STO 6bIN TOUHO CaMCOH BbIDMH,

HO KaK OH NocTapell!

Trang 24

"TK Bbli 3HA7M Mol ALYHIO? - Haas OH - KTO %‹e W He 3Ha/7 ee? Ax, /jyHsa! To 3a

ñeBKa 6bina! Bbipano, KTO HN NpoeseT, BCAKUN IOXBAMT, HIKTO H€ OCV/MT ( ) /ja HET OT

1

Õ@ĐHbl HG O3XKMLIbCl; HTO CYXGIVHO, TOMY HG MMHHOBATb TYT OH CTan nogpo6Ho

PaCCKa3bIBaTb MHe CBOe rope - Tpuv rofia TOMy Ha3ad, OAHaXKAbI, B 3MMHUM BeUYep, KOrAa CMOTPUTeNb Pa3sIMHOBbIBaN HOBYIO KHWTY, đ ñ0qb ero 3a NeperopogKou wuna ce6e nnatbe, TpovkKa nog”bexana VU npve3.Kui B YepKeCKON WWaNnke, B BOCHHOM LUMHENN BOLUEN B KOMHAaTY, Tpe6ya nowagen Jlowagn sce 6binn B pa3roHe Mpu cem u3BeCTMM NyTeLUeCTBeEHHMK BO3BbICUN 6bINO ronoc MU Haraviky; HO AHA, NPMBbIKLIAA K TaKUM CLIGHaM, BbIGexKaNa W3-3a [IeDerOpOKM W NaCKOBO O6paTuNnacb K Npoe3>%*Kemy C BONPOCOM: He yrOAHO NM 6ygeT emy UTO-

HU6yfb NOKkyWaTb? MosBneHve fJlyHv npov3Beno OG6bIKHOBeHHOe cBoe AencTBue [H@B

npoe3xKero npowen, OH CcOrmmacuncaA >%KfaTb NOowagen u 3aka3an ce6e yMH OH pacnonoxKUsICA y CMOTpUTeNnsA, Hava BeCeNO pa3rOBapUBaTb C HMM VC ero goyepbio Noganu y44HaTb MeXnÿy TeM nñOLIAHM TIDMLIIM M CMOTDWMT€Ib ïIDMKA3A7, UTOG6 TOTdAC, H@ KODMS, 3anpsran WX B KM6MTKY IDO€33X©rO; HO BO3BDATSCb, HAaLI©T OH MO/IOROTO YenoBeKa ïOuTW 6©3 NaMATU nexKawjero Ha NaBke: emMy Cfenanocb AYpHO, ronoBa pa3b0nenacb, HEBO3MO>KHO eXaTb Kak bITbl CMOTPWT€JIb yctrynun emy CBOIO KPOBaTb, MU NMONOXKeHO ObiINO, ecnu 6onbHomy He 6yfeT Nerue, Ha APyrOU AeCHb YTPOM NoCcNaTb B C 3a NeKapeom

Ha Apyrou AeHb rycapy cTano xy>xKe YenoBek ero noexan BepxOM B ropog 3a NeKapem

AlyHa o6Bs3ana emy ronoBy nnaTKOM U Cena C CBOMM LWWMTbeM y ero KpOBATH BO/IbHOll npv cMoTputene OXđ/7 W He rOBODMI NOYTM HM CNOBa, OGHAKO 0K BbINMN ABe YALUKM KOde U OX 3aKa3an ce6ưe o6eg AyHA oT Hero He OTXOgMNA K o6e€gy npvexan nekapb OH nowynan nynbc Õ0/bHOrO, IOFOBODWJI C HUM TIO-HGM€LIKM W TIO-DYCCKM OÔbØBMWJI, qTO emMy HYXHO O/IHO CIIOKÓCTBM© VU YTO AHA Yepe3 ABa ©MY MOXXHO ỐYH€T OTIDABMTbCñ B AOpory Tycap Bpyuvn emy gABaguaTb nATb pyOnen 3a BU3UT, Npurnacun ero oTObeAaTb; NeKapb cornacunca; o6a env c Õ0/IbLIWM annetTutom, BbITMJM 6yTbINKy BUHa MW DđCCTa/IMCb Oq€Hb

AOBONbHbI Apyr c Apyrom

Npowen ewe AeHb, uv rycap COBCeM onpaBusnca OH O6bIN Upe3BbINaNHO Becen, 6e3 MONKy LWyYTMN TO C /]yH€H, TO CO CMOTpuTeneM

HeHb 6bIN BOCKpeCcHbIM; AlyHA cO6upanacb K ObegAHe Tycapy nogan Ku6uTKy OH

npoctunca c CMoTpuTenem, WeApO HarnaguB ero 3a NOCTOU u yrowWweHue; npoctunica c AyHen VU BbIZBasICA DOBECTM ee GO LICDKBIM, KOTODAñ HAXONMJIACb Ha KDAlO ]n€Dp€BHW ALYHA CTOANa B

HefoymeuHun “Yero TbI *xe GOULUbCA? - CKa3an el ee OTeL, - BeAb ero BbICOKOONaropomne He BONIK U TeOA HE CbECT; NPOKAaTMCb AO YepKBN” AYyHA cena B KMOUTKYy nNog~ne rycapa, cnyra

Trang 25

BeaHbIN CMOTPUTeNb He NOHMUMaN, KAKUM OOpa30m MOF OH CaM IIO3BO/IWTb /]yH© ©XaTb BMecTe Cc rycapom He npowsno W nonuaca, KaK ero CepgAlie Hayao HbITb, U GECNOKONCTBO OBnageno WM AO TaKOW CTeneHu, qTO OH He yTepnen W nowen cam K O6eaHe Nogxoga K LIEPKBU, YBUZen OH, YTO Hapog yoKe pacxogusica, HO JLYHV He 6bINO B Orpage, HM Ha NanepTu CMOTDMT€JIb TIOLISI BOMOU HM *KUB HU MepTB CTapvkK He CHeEC CBO©TO H€CHACTbđ; OH TYT »*e cer B Ty CamylO NOCTeNb, re HaKaHyHe NexKan MONOAON OÔMAHLIWK V3 NOZOpoOxXHON

3Han OH, WTO DOTMICTp MWHCKMÙI ©exan w3 CMoneHcKa B [leTepOVprT `ABOCb, - gayman

CMOTDMT€JIb, - TIDMB€HY A ñOMOH 3a6nYNHY!O OB©QKY MOIO“” C STON MbICNbIO OH NPUObI OH B Netep6ypr uv Hayan cBou noucku Bckope y3Haf OH, YTO DOTMICTp MWHCKMÙ B [leTepÕypre W

4⁄4B€T B /]ÍeMYTOBOM TDAKTMD€ CMOTDMT€JIb D©LIWJICS K HGMY BWTbCñ MHHCKMI BbILUeN CaM

K Hemy B xanatTe “4TO, 6paT, Tebe HaMO6HO?” - cnpocun OH ero Cepaue CTapuka 3akuneno

Cne3bl HAaBEPHyNMCb Ha r7333X, W OH /ñDOXALI“AM TOJIOCOM npov3Hec TONbKO: “Bawe

6naropomne! .caenavte Takyto 6oxKeckylo MunocTb!” MAHCKMN B3rnAHyN Ha Hero ÔbICTpO

BcnbixHyn, B3] ero 3a pyky, npoBen B KaOuHeT u 3an€p 3a COõOIO /ñnB@pb “Bawe 6naropogue! - npogomkKan cTapuk, - YTO C BO3yY ynano, TO Nponano; OTAAav MHe, NOKpanHen

Mepe, 6begAHyto moto /]yHIO ” UTO CHeNaHo, TOFO He BOPOTMILUb, - CKa3al MONOAON YeNOBeK , BUHOBaT Nepeg TOOOIO MU pag Npocutb y Te6s npoweHus; HO He AyMau, 4TOO a AHO mor NOKUHYTb; OHa OygeT CYacTNUBa, Aalto Tebe YeCTHOe CNOBO, 3aTeM Tebe ee?” MOTOM CYHyB

©MY qTO-TO 3 PYKaB, OH OTBOPUN ABepb lÏ CMOTDMT€JIb CđM H€ NOMHMWA, KaK OYYTMSICA Ha ynuue

Alonro cTOsN OH HENOABYMXKHO, HaKOHeL, yBugen 3a OOwWNaroM CBOerO pyKaBa CBEPTOK 6ymar, OH BbIHY/ UX VU DA3B©@DHYJI H€CKO/IbKO TM M AecATU pyOneBbIxX CMATbIX ACCUrHAaLMN Cne3bl ONATb HABePHyNUCb Ha r7A3aX ©r0O, CIe3bl HerOOBAHI! ÓH Ca ÕYMA3KKM B KOMOK, 6pocun ux Ha3eMb, NputTontan Kabnykom, W nowen

BoTDOCbi M 3anaHMe

[ae cny>KU CTAHLMOHHbIN CMOTpUTeNb M 1M OH 3đHWMA7ICñ?

Kak IpOW3OLI7a ïIepBaø BCTpeya paccka3unka C CMOTpUTeNeM u ero Oqepbio? B KaKOM COCTOØHWM aBTOp BUgeN CMOTpUTeNsA Npu BTOPONM BCTpeye C HUM? UTO npeactaBnaet cobon rycap MuucKun?

B qeM IpWdWHaA Tparegnsa 43H CaMCOHa BbIipWHa?

œ

0ØI

®

0œ Me

Trang 28

MMXAM7I FOPbEBMuU

JIEPMOHTOB (1814 - 1841)

WMa Muxauna IOpbeBuua JIepMOHTOBa BCerga CTABUTCA B O/MH D11 C IM€HW€M ©TO CTApLI©FrO COBD©@MGHHIKA, B@/IMKOFrO DYCCKOrO ñO2Ta AneKcaHnpa Cepreepuua [lyuikwuHa U

ACUCTBUTeENbHO, YAMA V3 X3HW B HIIO/HbI© 27 NeT VIeEPMOHTOB, Kak MV Ï[ÏyLIKMH ƠbIn yOuT Ha đY37W), OH OCTAHOBMJI NVTepaTypHoe Hacnegve YHUKaNbHOU, XYO»GCTBeHHOMI LIGHHOCTH,

IDOHWKHYTO€ FNyYGOKUMUM HPaBCTBeEHHO-Cbunocodckumnu ugeamn

JlepMOHTOB Hanucal HECKONbKO COT CTUXOTBOPeHUU, NOSMbI, APaMbl, IDO3A⁄ueCKWe

IDOW3B€n©HWơ 13 CTMXOTBODeHMI NodsTa Havbonee U3BECTHbI Take, Kak “Tapyc”, “CMepTb nosta” (Ha rv6enb MywkuHa), “Bopoguno”, “flyma”, “Poguna”, ”ÏpM nanbmpl”,

BbIiCOdalfLllWM đMDMU€CKMM TDOM3BGH€HM©M SABUNOCb CTUXOTBOPeHue "BbIXO>%Ky OAVH A Ha

Aopory"

CpenW nosm ocoboro BHYMaHuA 3acnyxKuBaloT “Mupipun”, “llecHa npo Hapa llpaHa Bacunbesuya mMonogoro onpuvyHuka uv yganoro Kynuia KanawHukoBa” vu “ZleMoH” OHM -

APKOe CBUAETENbCTBO Pa3HOCTOPOHHOCTM WM HencYepnaemocTu reHW3 JIEPMOHTOBa 2TO MWCTODMØ ïIÍHHOrO K@BKA3CKOrO Mđ/IbqWKA, BOCTIMWTAHHOFrO VM BbIPOCWUerO B NpaBOCNaBHOM

MOHACTbIPe, KOTOPbIN CTpemutca K CBO6One W 06peTeHWIO PonWHbI (*MubipMw”) 210 camoe CeDnL© Mi Cỵnb6a pycckoro Hapoga B "MecHe npo uaps llpaHa BacunbesBuya, mMOonogoro OFIDMHHWKaA MU yAanoro Kynua KanawWHukoBa" ; STO MUCTUYeCKaA W QWnOCoQCK rI02MaA "H©MOH”

paMaTyprwuecKoe MacTepcTBo JÏl@DMOHTOBaA IDBWJIOCb, ÕẴCCTIODHO, ïID@Xđ© Bcero B Apame "MacKapan" BepwvHow >Ke IñpO3bl XYOXHWMKA SABMJICA NepBbIA B DyCCKOl nutepatype COLMaNbHO-NCcuxXONOrMYeCcKUN VU HPaBCTBeHHO-chunocodckuw pomaH "lepon Hawero BpemeHn" (1837 - 1839)

OCHOBHOE YYBCTBO B Npou3BeAeHUAX JIEPMOHTOBa - BEPOATHO, CTPpacTb OnpegseneHue

"CTPaCcTHbIN" XapakTepu3yeT BC© B€/YLIM© MOTMBbI ero TBOPYeCTBa: CTpacTHoe HenpusTue CYLUECTBYIOLUErO NOPAAKA 9KU3HU, CTPaCTHbIM NpoTecT npoTuB "pabcTBa" YenoBeka, C OAHOU

CTOPOHbI, CTDACTHAñ %KaxKga CBoObogbI, AeVcTBUa, JIOOBM - BCerO, WTO COCTaBNAeT CMbICN 443HW, C đDYTÓ CTODOHHI

Trang 29

KU3HEHHbIN NyTb M.1O JIGDMOHTOBa - 270 qepena "He" HecuacTnWBoe Hauano

443HW - YMUPaeT MaTb OH - NPNYWHa GHECKOHEYHbIX Pa3HOPOB MexKAY OTLOM u Gabywikon, 33ODOB, B/IMBLIAX B ©rO C@DHLH© ropeub UW Bbl3B3BLIWX CMơrdeHWe He3asepuleHHOe O6pa30BaHvue UW HeCOCTOABUUAACA Kapbepa - MapafOKCanbHOoe cieACTBUe BbICOKUX NpuTA3aHNN reHWsa HeriOHñêTOCTb OKDYXXAIOLIMMM, Baxe 6nu3kumu Heytuxalowan "TpeBora HYUIW”, 34WBLIAđ4 B HGM M OTTIYCKAlOLI ©rO AIVWb B PeAKNe MFHOBeHUA AYXOBHOFO O3apeHuaA

HakoHeL, HerIDM83H€HHO€ OTHOLLIGHW€ LỊApô

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IIPOMW3BEHEHMñ 7IEPMOHTOBA

CTuxoTBOpeHne "Napyc"(1832) B "[lapyce” BOFTIIOLI€Ha BeuHas

HGYOB/IETBOD€HHOCTb ï1O3Ta "[lapyC” Obi nocnaH B ïñMCbM€G CecTpe BapeHbkM JlonyxnHon

BM€CT€ CO CDOqKAMM BCTIOMIMHaHW3 O MoOCKBe: ” TAM 3 DONMJIC8, TđM MHOFO CTpagan, W Tam

%@ bII CIMLIKOM CdHaCTHWMBI” [lO3T 6bexan OT CYaCTbA B IDOTMBOIOTOXHOCTb CBOCMV nupuyeckomy NepcoHaxky, ONULETBOPEHHOMYy, HO CIOBHO OH, Npocun "6ypu, /Kak 6yATO B 6ypax ecTb Nokon" ABTOp uv nepcoHarx BCce Gombe C6Nu>xKalOTCA Ha NPOTAXKeHUU Tpex CTpPOd

CTUXOTBOpeHua B nepBonW Napyc AaNeKO, V aBTOP TONbKO 3afaeT BONPOC O TOM, UTO OH KMHYyN U 4TO uWeT BO BTOPOKM MbI y>xKe Kak 6bI Ha KOpaGNe, CAbILIMM CKDMII MAWTbI; T€TICDb IO2T

YBepeHO BOCKMMLIaeT: "YBbI, - OH CUaCTbA He ULeT/ VU He OT CuacTbA GexKuT!" B 3TON pa3e

©LI€ 33K/IOqA@TCđØ CKDbITO©€ IDOTIBOIIOCTABI€HWe€ ce6s u napyca NocnegHaa »*xe CTpoda - IDOTWMBOIIOCTAB/IeHW© đCHOl, TMXOI IOTObi W ƠYDM, KOTODYIO IDGNIOHWTAIOT o6a, vu aBTOp MW

nepcoHaxk-napyc O6a nñpenrIodWTaIOT ỐVDIO H€ TO/IbKO TIOKOIO, HO UM CHACTbIO ("OH CHaCTbA H@ WLI€T”), XOTñ 2TO M TñTOCTbIO "YBbI", 6ypA UM 3AMEHAECT CUACTLE

CTrwxorBopeHWue "Cmeptb nosta" (1837) /JlepMOHTOB cpa3y npocnaBunca

NONYYABLUUM PaCnpOcTpaHeHne B CNUCKaX CTUXOTBOPeHNeM "CmMepTb nosta" (1837) ABaKAbI 3a8BWB IpO “KakaAy MecTU" ("MLUEHbA") CBOero repos, JIEDMOHTOB BONNOTUN, KOHEYHO,

CO6CTBeHHOe NpegsctaBneHve O ABYX NOcNegAHUX AHAX 3XM3HW [ÏyLIKMHA, HO CYLIHOCTb

HUYTOXKECTBO ("YTO 3a ANBO? "), KanKOe OpyxKne; "CBobogbl, TeHua uv CnaBbi ña7awW” 3TO

MHOroronoBas CBeTCKaA TONINa TONNa B CBOIO OYepeAb ABNAeTCA OpyANem cyAbO6bl, B KOTODOfI OTCYTCTBY€T Dđ3YMHO€ Hauano Bor He WM€€@T OTHOLICHW© K STON Cyfb6e OH 6yfeT cyauTb 6ecnpucTpacTHbIM CYHOM BUHOBHbIX MOST %@ HaNpAMytO COOTHOCMTCñ C XDWMCTOM: ” OHW BeHeL| TEPHOBbIM, / YBUTbIA NaBpamMu, Hagfenuv Ha He€TO " ƑƒlaBDAMW ÿyBeHuWBanM B PWMe BblAIOLIWXC3 IO3TOB B A@aHHOoM cnyyae nogyepkKuBaeTca 3n06HOe ANWemMepnve nanayen

CnaBbl: AaBPbl He MeWalOT "UTNAM TaWHbIM" HAaHOCUTb MOSTY PaHbl, TOKE OKa3bIBAIOLLINeCA

TavHbiMu ABTOp gmenaeT SABHOW nogonneky y6uncTBa, đnA@eT MMHLHAM COLWAIbHO-

ucTopuyeckylo, a HE TOMbKO HPaBCTBeHHylO XđDAKT€DMCTMKY: “HAñMGHHbIG IOTOMKW / U3BeECTHOM NOANOCTbIO NPOCNaBNeHHbIxX OTLIOB"” "Mognbie" - 3HaqWT HE TOMbKO MOpasIbHO

[IyULIKMH TODHMJICl CBOMM WeCTUCOTNETHUM ABOPAHCTBOM WV CBeTCKYIO “4@DHb”

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FIMYHOCTU, W IONJOH TO/JIIbl Cc STOW CMepTbIO He NpeKpaTuNocb ABTOP /ñBAXNbli OÕDaLIaeTCØ

ID8MO K FOHUTeNAM nosTa ("He BbI Ab CnepBa Tak 3N06HO rHann " W 3aknOUNTeNbHbIe 16

CTDOK), FOBODMT O HWX W B TD€Tb€M Aue Mbl BUQUM NpOsOMKeHVe HeEpaBHOrO NOeANHKa - OñHOTO IIDOTMB BC€X

NMocnegHaAA CTpOKA onpegenseT KPOBb >epTBbl đÿy3]I KaK IpAB@HHYO B

CTwuxoTrBopeHWe ”MW ckyYHO M rDYCTHO” (1840) 2To KODOTKOG CTMXOTBODGHWM€

uw“

"LIYTK€” HT HIIUGTO CM€LIHOTO CKyKa W rDYCTb - 6@30TDpAnHAñ HODMa BbiBaeT WM xyKe - “B

MMHYTY HñYLICBHOM H€B3IO/bI” TOFrHA “HeKOMy pyKy NOfaTb”: TO JH TbÌ HG H3XO/NMLIb

OCTOHHOTO, TO ]M HT YeENOBeKAa, KOTOPbIN 6bI Te6e NOAan DyKy `3ar7n8HeLilIb”, "TIOCMOTDMLIb”

rogbi” Tenepb H© MOTYT ïIOIN€DXTb d©/IOB©€Ka HW nIOBb (”ClanKMÙ HGHYyT” CTpACTeI - Henenoctb, OH AOKEH WCd©3HYTb "TIDM CIOB© DpaCCyHNKA”), HO BOCIOMMHAHW3 O CBO€M IDOLIIOM, TO3© B 3HAqWT@IbHOM CTeIGHM O JIOOBU, - ”BCG TđK HWHTOXKHO” Han/bIBbl

KOHCTDYKLIWIO CTIXOTBODGHWô

B anneropuuecKoM “YtTece” (1841) Tema LI4DG, dGM nñIOOOBb YT€C, ñADOM HTO OH

KaM@Hb, CTpafaeT OT OAMHOUECTBa OTTOrO Kak AOporo yTecy MMMO/I€THO€ rIOC€LI€HW€ TY4KW,

yMuaBlevca NoyTpy, “No na3ypu Beceno urpaa”, u OTTOrO emMy Tak HeBeceno nocne 3TOrO “BnaKHbIM cnef B MOPLUMHe cTaporo yTeca” - /n@TA7b KOHKD@THA3, D©A/IICTMdHA3: B

pAaccenwHe C HOqW OCTaNaCb Bilara, OHA VU ©CTb WCTOQHWK C3, KOTODbIMW YT€C “TUXOHbKO nnayet” JI@pMOHTOB BbIPaxKaeT UAEIO HENPOUHOCTM t4©/7IOBGU€CKWX OTHOLICHMÙI VU CBA3eN Tak

TO ero anneropus XOTA OHa U GSONee ONpeAeneHa, 4eM CUMBON B “Tlapyce”, LUNPOKa U He

Tak YX OHO3HAYHAa, TOKE NpvOnurxKaetca K cumMBOoNny ECTb B "YTece” W 3d3NeMeHT

YMUPOTBOPeHHOCTI

CTrwuxorBopeHwue “PoguHa” (1841) Jlo6OBb K pognHe HO3T CaM Ha3biIBaeT “CTpaHHolo” `*CTpAHHOCTb“ 38K7IOMA/iACb B OTHOLLICHMIW ïIO3Ta K PO/WHG

Hu cnaBa, Kyn/7IeHH 7IOBbIO

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NOCTPOeHO TaK, qTO OT OGLI©TO FIO3T MT K YACTHOMY NMOABNAIOTCA KOHKD€THbI© IDW3HAKM C©IbCKOTO I©l33Xđ CO CI©ẴđAMW KD€CTbđHCKOrO TDYHa W 6bITa BOT BbeTCA npocenouHaa Aopora, NO KOTOPOMW TAHeTCA “KOUYyIOLUNN 0603”, CcTeneTcA “AbIMOK CNaneHHOUW 3XHWBbI”,

6enetoT Oepe3bl, MeNnbKalOoT ”HDOX@LIWG OIrHM MeYaNbHbIX AePeBeHb” [Most NwbyeTca "TOTHbIM TYMHOM”, W36AMH C `D€3HbIMM CTABH8MM” Hă OKHaX B nñocnenHeli cTpode BbIDa»‹eHa ropauas 7nIO6OBb K KD€CTbñHAM W K WX GbITY

"Mubipwm“ (1839) - 3sTo nocnenHsaa DOMaHTId€CKañê ñ02Ma JIEPMOHTOBa Mupbipu - Hê TDY3/HCKOM 3bIK© 3HAQWT `H© C7IYXaLIHU MOHAX”, He4TO BDOR© “NOCNYWHUKa”

B TrpY3MHCKMÙ MpaBOCnaBHbIN MOHACTbIPb “peOeHOK I/I€HHbIW”, IDWHAN7©XALIMÙ K BOMWHCTB€HHOMY KđBKA3CKOMY miemMeHu, Nonan, 6ÕYñydM yBe3eH M3 KaKOrO-TO ayna ÓH BOBCe

H@ ”1ÍMOHMH€H“” B OTIMHMW€ OT ©rO NPAMbIX NPEAWECTBEHHUKOB y JÏ@DMOHTOBA 2TOT “@CTECTBEHHbIN” YeNOBeK CD@GM IDWMDOR©, OCOOẴHHO B ee OypHbIX NpOABNeHMax: “O, A KaK 6par / OGHaTbca c Oypen ObiIn Obl pag” OH OeExKaN U3 MOHACTbIDA NepeA NpNHATNeM MOHalWeckoro O6eTa BO BD©Mê rpo3bl Korfia ucnyraHHble MOHAXIW “nexKau Ha 3emne” B HEM Oq©BMI©H KABKA3CKMÙ TODbCKMIH T€MIICDAMGHT HO Ha HeM “neYaTb CBOIO TIODbMa / Octasnna ” OH npv3Haetca: “Jia, 3acnyKun s peGMÙ MOI”, cTaBA ce6e B npumMep

nyTb” “Mubipn” Bbipoc B3anepTu, HeENpNcnoOco6NeHHbIM K >%KV3HU Ha Bone [ÏOpA3X@HHbIf

BWOM /©BYLIKM-TDY3MWHKW, OH HE PewWwWsICA, OAHAKO, BOVTM B ee AOM UV yTONUTb ronod, a “goporoto npsamon / Nyctunca, po6Kui uv HeMOoN”, B CTOPOHy rop u CKOpo noTepsN Aopory B necy

BO3BDaLI€HHbIl B MOHaACTbIDb, OH BCNOMUHaeT CuaCTbe “Tpex OnaxKeHHbIX AHEM”, HO

3TO NpegAcmMepTHoe BocnpusTue BnaxkKeHHbIM Nocne TPO3OBOÙ HOUN G6bINO AVWb Hayao

nepsoro AHA, KOrfa repow nonan B “Bookunw can” W yBugen rDY3MHKY y noToKa Motom, “TpygaMu HOU V3HYPeH”, OH 3aCbiInaeT, a CNegAyOWweN HOUbIO 3a6NyxKAaeTCA NO Necy u

DbigaeT Ha 3emMNe OT OTYAARHUA JIVWb BCTpeya u 60N Cc Hapcom npoby>KAaloT B HEM OTBary npeaAKoB VU3paHeHHbIU, OH YXKE HAYTPO BbIXOANT OO6PaTHO K MOHACTHIPIO W, BHOBb B OTdAØHMWM,

BnagaeT B OecnamMaATCTBO, B KOTOPOM HaXOAMTCA OKONO CYTOK, NOKa ero He O6Hapy>KMBal0T “B cTenv 6e3 4yBCTB” Tak 4YTO HUKaKUx “Tpex 6NaxKeHHbIX AHEM He ObINO” HO ewe B Hayane

/V\

WCTIOBG/IM OH TOBODMJI, YTO NpoMeHsN Obl ABE 3KW3HW `*B nneHy” *3a OnHYy / Ho TOnbKO

BOOAYWEBNEHHbIN O9KUZAeMbIM “NPUIOTOM” AYN B palo, Mubipv 3aABnAeT MOHaXy: “YBbI! - 3a HGCKO/IbKO MMHYT / Mexkay KpyTbIX UW TeEMHbIX CKan, / Fae 9 B peOsyectBe urpan, / A 6 pan u

Trang 33

IDWpOnHI B BMny KaBka3a, OH pDaCCuWTbIBA@T HA KđKOl-HWMOYJb TIDMBGT IpOLIA7bHbIl” C PDOAMHbI, KOTOPOM Tak VU He AOcTur: “Vc 3TOÙI MbICIbIiO ñ 3aCHY, / VW HuKOrO He NpoKnsHy! ”

JlepMOHTOBeAbI OObACHAIOT NOCcNeAHNe CNOBa NOSMbI TeM, YTO NePCOHaNbHO HUKTO He

BUHOBaT B TparMyeckom ucxoge GopbObi Mubipu C Cyb6OH

PomaH “fepow Hawero BpemMeHn” cocTonT W3 nATM noBecten: “Bana”, “Makcum

Makcumpiu”, ”"[aMaH“ *KHa»Ka Mepw“ w “®atanucr” Kaxkgaa NOBECTb - 3T0 33KOHH€HHO€

*[epol Hawero BpemMeHn” - 3TO ”WCTODMØ nYyLIM q©7IOB@q€CKOl”, ONHÓ NUYHOCTH, BOIIOTMBLIICI B CBOeMA HGIOBTODMMOW MWHHWBMNIYAIbHOCTM TDOTMBOD€qM3 LỊVTIOTO vcTopuyeckoro IepWONa [leqOpWH — ©đMWHCTB€HHbIl, rABHbIll repoli (xora *EBreHUull OHerWH” H33B8H WM©H©M OAHOrO repos, B HEM tDG3BbIdAlHO BAX@H OÕDpA3 TATbWHbi, a Tak Ke VU Aptopa) Ero OANHOUECTBO B DOM8H€G IDMHLIMTI4AIbHO 3HaYUMO UvTaTenb poMaHa Nonyyaert npeAcTaBneHne O 2XU3HEHHOM NYTU repos OT ACTCKUX NET đO CM©@DTI 2TO WCTODMđ TUI©THbIX IOIBITOK He3aypsxAHOrTO = YeNnOBeKa peanvu3upoBaTb ceOs, HAlTWM XOTb KAKO€-TO YHOBNeTBOpeHvVe CBOMM NOTpeOHOCTAM, MONMbITOK H@I3M€HHO OÔODAqWBAIOLIWMXCê CTpagaHuaMmu VU NOTepAMN ANA Hero Mi OKDY3X3IOLIWX, UCTOPUA YTDATbI VM MOTYWX 9KUZHEHHbIX cun Henenou, HEOXKUZAaHHOU, Ha NOATOTOBNEHHOM BCeM paCCKa3aHHbIM CMepTM OT HeYero

BOMbLUMHCTBO YUTaTenewv M KDWMTMIKOB BOCIDMHSIM [Ïl@4OpMHA KaK repO3 BTIOTH€ OTDWLIAT@JIbHOrO CaM JlẰ@DMOHTOB 3đØBWJI, YTO MeyOpUH - “STO NOPTPeT, COCTABNEHHbIN W3

[IODOKOB BCero HalWWero NOKONEHMS, B NOMHOM UX pa3sBuTUn”

NeyopuH - monogon oduuep OH cnyxKuT Ha KaBka3e STO YMHbIN CNOCOOHbIN, o6pa30BaHHbiN YenoBeK Me4YOpUH NPUHAANEXKUT K BbICLUeMy OOlWeCTBy Poccuu uv KAK MHOTWM© npegctasutenu cBoero KNacca, BeseT Npa3sghylo, CBETCKYIO %KV3Hb MIOCTeNeHHO y Hero POxKAaeTCA H@AOBONbCTBO cObON u npe3speHve K HIOI1M, C KOTODbIMW ©MY IDWXONWMTCf ©3X©1H©BHO BCTD€ATbCđ HaKO rIODBATb C BOD8HCKMM OÔLICTBOM [ÏledODWH He MO>xKeT OH CMWULIKOM IDMBbIK K HGMY Đ T7IABHO€, HG WM©GGT B 3⁄43HW HñDYTWX Onee BbICOKUX LeNen W ugeanos

Trang 34

BenwKWÚ DyCCKMI KDMTMK b©7IWHCKMHÙ HA3BA71 ]1©êTG/IbHOCTb Ï[Ïeq4ODWHaA đ©đT€7IbHOCTbIO 6e3 BCAKOM LGHIM: B@HMHCKMH TMCAI, QTO HDMQMHOI ©rO @CLH@IbHOW 3KM3HW ObINN LI©CTB€HHbI© YCIOBWđ B POCCWMW B TO Bpema MHorve MOnOgbIe ABOPAHE He Haxogunu Wenn %KV3HU, HE BEPWIN B BO3MO>KHOCTb Oopb6pl, U3MeHeEHUA OOWECTBa YCNOBUA 3X443HW B POCCMW

30-x rogoB XIX Beka, CBeTCKOe O6fwecTBO Coenanu MeyopuHa, KaK W OHerWHa, ”ñMWUIHWM 4YenOBeKOM” “ OHErMH Haluero BPeMeHN” - Tak Ha3Ban ero BenuHcKnin

[lef3aw B POMaHe COOTBeETCTBYeT UYBCTBaM, HacTpoeHuio repos BOT OANH M3 IDWM€POB [lepen ny2/bIO [ledODWH ïIO-HOBOMY BIHMT OKDYXKAIOLIMI ero mup: “A He NOMHIO yTpa 6bonee rony6oro uv cBexero! .B STOT pa3, YeM KOrfa-HVbyob npexge a nIOGMI npupogy” Bnv3z0ctb ONnaCHOCTM noMOraeT eMy YBUAZETb KpacoTy 3TOrO Mupa Ha aAyonu [leqopwH yÕWBaeT o(WLiepa [ DyLIHWLIKOTO OH TAxKeNO NepexXuBaeT CMEPTb STOO YeNOBeKa Korga [leqopwH ©neT C /ÿ37M, OH BYUANT Npupogy coBcem ~pyrou: “y MeHsA B cepaue 6bIN KaMeHb CONHUE Ka3as10Cb MHE TYCKNIO, NyYN ero, MEH He rpenn”

Takum o6pa30m, JÏl@DMOHTOB IOKA3an CeÕs3 60/]bULIWM MAđCTeDOM NcuxonorMyeckoro aHa7M3a [lWCaTe7b CO3ñA] H€ TO/IbKO TMII reDOô CBO@Ù 3ïIOXW, HO M M306DA3MJ7 COLIMaNbHbIe

Hda3bIBalOT COLIWa7IbHO-TICMWXO/IOTWH€CKMM DOMaHOM

Bonpocbi W 3anaHMs

1 Paccka>KuTe 0 »⁄4M3HW M kO JleDMOHTOBA VU KaK OHa B/IWGT Ha ©rO TBODdeCTBO? 2 Kakoe OTHOWeHNe MexKgy JÏÍDMOHTOBbIM W [ÏyLIKMHbIM? lÍ KaK OHO BbIDA3XA€TCđ B

npovu3zBegenun JIepMOHTOBa?

3 Kakue OCHOBHbIe TeMbI TBOPYEecTBa M tO JIGODMOHTOBa?

Trang 35

JIUTEPATYPHOE HTEHME

NAPYC

BeneeT napyc oANHOKUN

B TyMaHe mops rony6om!

UTO ULUET OH B CTpaHe Aanekon?

YTO KMHY/ OH B KDAIO DO/HOM? VUrpatoT BONHbI - BeTep CBHLIGT VU mMauta FHeETCA VU CKDWTIMT YBbil OH CYaCTbA HE ULUET,

Nog HMM cTpys cBeTNen Na3ypu, Hag HMM nyd CONHLa 30N0TON A OH, MATEXKHbIN, NPOCUT Bypyu,

Kak 6yfTo B 6ypsx ECTb NOKON!

1632

CMEPTb MOSTA

Norn6 nost! - HeEBONbHUK YeCTH - He BbI Ib CnepBa Tak 3NO6HO rHanu

[lan, oKIeBeTaHHbIll MO/IBOH, Ero CBÕONHHIÙ, CM©/IbIli nap C CBMHLIOM B TDY/M W XaXNOÙ M€CTH, W nna noTrexW pa3nyBa7M [loHWKHYB rODOH rOnOBOHII

He BbIHecna AyWa nosta No3z0pa MenouHbIx OÔMWJ],

UyTb 3aTaMBLUNNCA NOxKap?

UTO 3» BecenuTecb - OH MyYeHnn [loCnenHWMX BbIHECTM He MOT; Bocctan 0H IDOTMB MH€HMÙI CBeTa Y>KaCc, KaK CBETOU, ñMBHbIU T€HMÙI,

OnMH Kak rIpe%‹ne uv yout! YBAN TOPXKECTBEHHbIN BEHOK

yout! .k YeMy Tenepb PbIZaHbs,

Trang 36

Ero y6wlLa XñanHOKDOBHO

HaBen yap cIaCeHba HeT: [lycroe cepnHe 6beTCø8 DOBHO,

B pyke He AporHyn ñMCTONeT

W ro 3a ñWBO? u3ganeka

[IonoGHbil COTHaM Õe@T7IeLIOB,

Ha 7OBJ/IIO CHACTbñ HMHHOB

3a6poweH K HaM NO Bone poKa;

Cmescb, OH BZeEp3kKO npe3upan

Ha Y4TO OH pyKy nNogHumas !

VU OH yOuT - vv B3AT MOrunOn,

Kak TOT neBel, HEBEAOMbIN, HO MW/BIH, Alo6biua peBHOCTU rnyxon,

BocneTbii UM C TđKOIO YyAHOU CUNO, Cpa>KeHHbI, KaK V1 OH, 6€3>KANOCTHOU PyKON 3a4€M OT MMPHbIX Her M_ nñDyXGbl IDOCTOJYyLuIHOlI

Betynun OH B 3TOT CB@T 3aBUMCTAMBbIN U

AYLUHbIN

Ana cepnua CTpacTeli?

BOIbHOFO MWT/IAMGHHbIX 3a4eM OH DYKY ñđn KIeB€THIIKAM HII4TOXKHbIM 3au€M rIOB€DWI OH CIOBAM VM 7IACKAM JIO>KHbIM,

Oh, C IOHbiX ]€T IOCTMTHYBLIMI niOn€l?

Ho Wwrnbi TalHbIie CYDOBO

#3BWnMW CñaBHOe 4eNO;

OTrIDAB/I€HbI ©rO IOCT6NHIG MTHOB€Hbê KOBapHbIM LWENOTOM HaCMeLUJIMBbIX HEBE>XKA, VU ymep OH - C HaNpacHON aXIOI MLI©Hbê, C nocanol TaWHoIO O6mMaHyTbIxX Hasek

3MO/IKM 3BYKM YYAHbIX NeCeH,

He pa3gaBaTbCa UM ONATb: [ÏDWIOT II€BLIA YTDIOM M T€C€H, VU Ha ycTax ero neuaTb

U3BeCTHOM NOANOCTbIO NPOCNABNEHHbIX OTLIOB, [laToIO DAaBCKOFTO nonpaBluuue O6nomKU

Virpoto caaCTWñ O6W3X{@HHbIX DOOBI Bbi, 433KH1OIO TO/IIOI CTOSLIWM Y TDOHA,

CBO6ONnHi, [ eHWa CnaBbi nanaww ! TMWT€Cb Bbl FIO] C€HWIO 3đKOHA

Npeg Bamu cyg W rIDAaB/IA - Bce Monuy ! Ho ecTb UV 60>KNN cya, HaNepcHuKU pa3Bpata EcTb rpO3HbI CYAUA: OH *KLCT;

OH He JZOCTyNeH 3BOHY 31aTAa, VU mMbicnu uv pena OH 3HaeT Haneped

Torga HanpacHo BbI npvberHeTe K 3OCNOBbIO:

OHO BaM HE NOMO>KET BHOBb,

VU BbI He CMOeTe BCeM Bale deDHOHJ KDOBbIO

[lo3ra npaBegHyto KpOBb!

Trang 37

M CKYHHO U FPYCTHO

VU CKYYHO W TDYCTHOI - W HeKOMY DYKYV IOATb B MWHYTY ñÿyUI€BHOH H€B3TO/THI

<enaHbal YTO NOMb3bI HANPACHO U BEYHO %@7IATb? A rogbl npoxogatT - Bce nyywne rogbl!

JÌIOGWTb - HO KOrO Ke? - Ha BPeMsA He CTONT TpyAa, A BeYHO O6UTb HEBO3MOKHO

B ce6a nw 3arn8HeLlIb? - TđM TIDOLIIOTO HT M CIGNHA:

VU panOCTb, UW MYKU, U BCE TAM HUYTOKHO

UTO CTDACTW? - B€/Ib PaHO Wb NO3AHO UX CNaAKUN HeAyr Ucue3HeT npu cnoBe paccyska;

Vi >KU3Hb, KAK NOCMOTPULWb C XONOAHbIM BHUMAHbeM BOKDVT, -

Takaa nyctaa uv rnynas WyTka

1840

YTEC

Houesana TyY¥ka 30N0TaA Ha rpyau yTeca-BennkaHa;

YTpOM B NYTb OHA YMYaNaCb PaHO, [lo na3ypuv Beceno urpaa;

Ho oCTanCñ B]aXXHbI C6] B MODLIWH€

CTraporo yTreca OñWHOKO OH CTOUT, 3agymManca rny6oKo,

W TñXOHbKO NNAaYeT OH B NYCTbIHE

Trang 38

POHMHA

JltonIO OTudW3HV đ, HO CTDAHHOIO 7IOGOBbIOI

He no6egnT ee paccyfoK MOU, Hu cđaBa, KyrIeHHa KDOBbIO, Hu ño7HbIÙi rODOTO AOBepusa NOKON, Hu TeMHOI CTADWHbI 3AB€THbI© NPeAAaHbsA He LieBensT BO MHG OTDANHOTO M@4TAHIô

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Trang 39

MLIbIPM

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Bonpocbi MH 3anaHMs

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3 KaKyIO DO/Ib B CO3HAHWM DYCCKOTO OÔLIIeCTBA CbIrDA7IO CTMXOTBODeHMWe€ “CmMepTb no3Ta”? 4 KakOBbl OCObeHHOCTU ANPNYeCKOrO repos ñO23WMW JIEDMOHTOBa?

5 Tlouemy JIepMOHTOB B CTIXOTBODeHMM `*POnMHa” HA3blBA@T CBOIO /IOGOBb K OTdW3HG

`CTpAHHOIO 7IOGOBbIO “?

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