Phd bien nhat la tinh trang NSDLD ky HDLD vdi NLD theo mUc luong tdi thieu do Nha nude quy djnh ma khdng theo thu nhap thue te nhu hai ben da thoa thuan, Phan chenh lech giua thu nhap[r]
Trang 1BAO CHI V O I V A N DE BAO VE QUYEN LOI NLD,
XAY DUNG QUAN HE LAO DONG HAI H O A
HUYNH THAN
Trudng ban CD - Ban dgc Bdo Lao dong
Cung vai khu vufc Ifinh te nha nudfc, Viet Nam hien co hang tram nghin doanh nghiep ngoai quoc doanh (DNNQD) va l<hoang 4.000 DN co von dau tu nuoic ngoai (FDD dang hoat dong, giai
quyet viec lam cho hang trieu NLO Day la khu vuc kinh te ngay cang nang dong, vifa tao ra cua cai
vat chat cho xa hoi, vira giai quyet viec lam cho NLD, gop phan vao su nghiep CNH, HDH dat nudic
Tuy nhien, quan he lao dong (QHLD) tai khu vuc nay vin con nhieu bat on, quyen loi hop phap cua
NLO chua dugc NSDLO thuc hien day du Giai phap nao de cai thien tinh trang nay va vai trd cua
bao chi ra sao trong viec bao ve quyen loi hap phap cua NLD, gop phan xay dung QHLD hai boa la
van de rat duac quan tam hien nay
Quan he lao dong khu vuc NQD: con nhieu nguy
ca bat on!
Theo sd lieu cua Td'ng LDLDVN, tU nam 1995 den
nay, ca nude cd gan 4.000 cude dinh cdng, thi 100% la tu
phat, khdng theo dung trinh tu quy djnh cua Luat Lao ddng
va 72% xay ra tai cac DN FDI Cac cude dinh cdng chij yeu
xay ra tren dja ban cac tinh phfa Nam, ma tap trung la tai
TP HCM, Binh Duang, Ddng Nai - nai cd kha ddng DN FDI
hoat ddng Trong da sd cac vu dinh cdng, vi pham cua
NSDLD xay ra d hau het cac che dinh cua phap luat lao
ddng, chu yeu tap trung vao cac van de: khdng xay dung
thang bang luang; quy che tra luang, thudng hoac cham
tra luang, ng luang; ne tranh ddng BHXH Co den 90% sd
vu NLD dinh cdng lien quan den van de tra luang Nhieu
DN tra luang khdng tuong xUng vdi cdng sUc lao
ddng bd ra, khdng chap hanh dung TUlDTT da
ky ket
Mot nguyen nh§n chu yeu d i n tdi dinh cdng
nCfa la do cdng nhan phai lam viec vdi cudng do
rat cao, thu nhap khdng dam bao cude sdng Hau
het cac DN deu thuc hien tang ca, tang gid, nhat la
cac DN det may, giay da, che bien thuy hai san,
SX cdng nghiep Ket qua dieu tra cua Vien Cdng
nhan va Cdng doan (thuc hien nam 2007) tai 964
DN FDI tren dia ban 11 tinh, thanh cho thay: da sd
lao ddng trong DN FDI gap kho khan trong cude
sdng, nhat la nhUng ngudi da lap gia dinh MUe
thu nhap binh quan cua NLD khdng cao ban so
vdi mat bang thu nhap lao ddng trong cac loai
hinh DN khac du phai lao ddng vat va va thdi gian
lam vide cang thang Them vao dd, sd lao ddng
cd nha rieng chua nhieu 51,7% sd lao ddng phai
thue nha, nhat la lao ddng lam viec trong cac KCN, KCX
va ehi cd 6,2% sd ngudi dugc hdi cho biet DN cd ho trg ve nha d Vdi nhUng bie'n ddng cua gia ca, cdng them chi phf cho eon cai, tien thue nha, dien nude chi 1/3 sd ngudi dugc hdi cd mUc thu nhap tam du sdng De cd them thu nhap, 42,5% sd lao ddng phai lam them gid ngoai thdi gian lam viec kha vat va trong DN Dac biet trong nganh det may sd lao ddng lam them len tdi 54,7% Kha nhieu dan vi vi pham Luat Lao ddng vdi cac hinh thUc: yeu cau NLD lam viec qua thdi gian quy djnh, khdng tra luong lam them gid theo dung Luat Lao ddng, chua trang bj PTBVCN can thiet cho NLD khi lam viec, cdng tac huan luyen, phd' bien quy djnh ve AT-VSLD eOng chua dam bao Mot sd dan vj khdng tham gia ddng bao hie'm cho NLD hoac tham
Bao chi ngay cang the hien tot han vai trd bao ve quyen igi NLD (anh minh hoa)
ANH: ST
Trang 2Nhieu DNNQD, DN FDI cham lo, dam bao quyen Igi cho NLD (anh minh hoa)
ANHiH.CUONG gia khdng day du, cd nhOng Cty ehi ddng BHXH cho ddi
ngu can bd quan ly Theo quy djnh, sau 3 nam, DN phai
tang luang cho NLD, tuy nhien theo ket qua dieu tra 3 nam
qua thi tren 20% sd lao ddng khdng dugc DN tang luang
hoac mUc tang mdi lan rat thap, nhat la nhung DN tra
luong theo hinh thUc khoan san pham Ngoai ra, khdng ft
DN da vi pham quy djnh ve thdi gian lam them gid va tien
luong lam them tra cho lao ddng Gan 10% sd lao ddng
khdng biet hoac khdng dugc DN tra tien luong theo quy
djnh ve tien luong, tien cdng lam them gid Cd den 18% sd
lao ddng dugc hdi ndi rang hg phai lam viec tU 8 den 10
tieng/ngay va 6,5% sd lao ddng cho biet phai lam viec 10
tieng mdi ngay
Vi pham hinh thUc hgp ddng lao ddng (HDLD) cung la
tinh trang kha phd bien trong cac DN NQD va DN FDI: 3,2%
sd lao ddng lam viec tU 11 -15 nam v i n chi dugc ky hgp ddng
mieng, 1,6% ky HDLD thdi han dudi 1 nam NhUng lao ddng
lam viec tai DN tU 6-10 nam chi cd 71,5% dugc ky HDLD
khdng xac djnh thdi ban TT Id nay thap ban nhieu d nhUng
lao ddng lam viec trong DN tU 1-3 nam TUlDTT la mot
cdng cu quan trgng bao ve quyen Igi hgp phap cua NLD va
DN nham xSy dung QHLD hai hoa, on djnh trong cac DN,
nhat la trong dieu kien phat then nen kinh te thj trudng, trong
dd cd thi tordng lao ddng Tuy nhien, tinh hinh xay dung va
ky ket TUlDTT trong DN NQD ndi chung va DN FDI ndi
rieng thue su la bUc tranh am dam Nhieu DN khdng cd
TUlDTT, hoac cd nhung mang tfnh hinh thUc Thuc te cho
thay, viec xay dung va ky ket TUlDTT dap Ung yeu cau,
dam bao quyen Igi cho NLD la kha kho khan ddi vdi ddi ngu
can bd CDCS va can bd CD dja phuang
Thieu che tai va thuc thi phap luat chua nghiem
Ben canh thuc trang va nhung nguyen nhan neu tren,
CO the ndi, tinh trang dinh cdng gay bat on trong mdi QHLD
cua khu vuc DN NQD ma dac biet la DN FDI trong thdi gian qua cdn cd nguyen nhan thieu che tai xir phat va thuc thi phap luat chua nghiem Hau bet
m cac DN da khdng thuc hien nghiem chinh viec xay
• dung he thdng thang bang luang va che do thudng, lam them gid cho cdng nhan theo quy dinh cua phap luat Quy dinh (cu the la cac Nghj dinh cua Chfnh phu) ve mUc luong tdi thieu ehi cd y nghTa la
"ludi chan" de' DN khdng dugc tra thap ban va la can cU de tinh mUc luong trong he thdng thang bang luang, phu cap chu khdng phai la mUcthu nhap thuc cua NLD Tuy nhien, cac DN deu lay dd lam mUe de tra luang co ban (khdng cd he sd) Tong LDLDVN tUng dua ra sd lieu khao sat: Tai 60
DN tren dja ban 10 tinh cd nhieu DN FDI, cd tren 70% lao ddng dugc nang luang; khoang 20% khdng dugc nang luang, tuy nhien mUc tang luong/ian rat thap, Thue te da cd noi xay dung thang bang luong len tdi
37 bac hoac 40 bac, mdi bac chi each nhau 10 ngan ddng Phd bien nhat la tinh trang NSDLD ky HDLD vdi NLD theo mUc luong tdi thieu do Nha nude quy djnh ma khdng theo thu nhap thue te nhu hai ben da thoa thuan, Phan chenh lech giua thu nhap thue te va mUc luang ky trong hgp ddng dugc didn giai bang mot loat phu cap, trg cap vdi nhieu ten ggi, miJc ap dung, hinh thUe ap dung khac nhau nhu: Phu cap chuyen can, phu cap hieu qua cdng viec, phu cap vi tri cdng vide Nhieu DN tuy da cd td chUc CD, nhung v i n chua
cd TUlDTT Mot sd Cty tuy da ky ket thoa udc nhung ndi dung rat hinh thUe, hau nhu chi sao chep nhung quy djnh chung cua phap luat lao ddng vdi muc dich dd'i phd vdi ca quan quan ly hoac vai cac ddi tac
Ve khach quan, do dac thu lao ddng d cac KCX, KCN ludn bien ddng, tinh trang NLD bd DN nay sang lam cho
DN khac hoac bd ve que tim viec kha phd bien Khdng it
DN CLT sau mot ky nghi Tet cd truyen la mat tdi hang nghin cdng nhan, do dd DN phai tuyen lao ddng mdi, d i n tdi vide
cd nhieu NLD chua dugc ky HDLD Mot sd DN do dac thu cdng viec, mudn tuyen dugc cdng nhan dat tieu chuan nen
cd tinh keo dai thdi gian thCr viec, Khdng it DN lai tuyen cdng nhan theo thdi vu hoac tUng cdng vide cu the, Khi giai quyet xong cdng vide, hg cho cdng nhan nghi viec, lan tranh viec phai ky HDLD vdi NLD Nguyen nhan khac la trinh do hieu biet phap luat, quy dinh cua Nha nude ve lao ddng cua mot sd can bd true tiep lam cdng tac lao ddng, tien luang, che do d cac DN cdn yeu Ddng thdi do hieu biet cdn ban che nen khdng it NLD thudng ehi quan tam den thu nhap thuc te chU khdng chu y tdi cac che do, chinh sach, quyen Igi dugc phap luat lao ddng bao ve Trong khi
dd, td chUc CDCS d nhieu DN chua du manh de dau tranh bao ve quyen Igi cua cdng nhan
Trang 3Can bd CD d khd'i DN NQD thudng khdng phai la
chuyen trach, ma chi la ngudi lam cdng cho chu DN Vi
the, hg khdng the manh dan len tieng bao ve quyen Igi cho
cdng nhan Mot trong nhUng "cdng cu" de bao ve quyen,
Igi ich hgp phap cho NLD la CD, nhung "cdng cu" nay lai
dudng nhu bj "bd quen" tai nhieu DN Qua dd, cd the thay
mdi quan he giUa NLD va NSDLD trong cac DN NQD
chua thuc su hai hoa ve quyen lin Igi ich Tren thuc te,
NSDLD va NLD chua cd mot ca che "ddi thoai" bat budc de
tim dugc tieng ndi chung, trong khi dd, tieng ndi cua CD
trong cac DN NQD lai chua du manh, neu khdng mudn ndi
la khdng cd trgng lugng!
Vai tro tich cue cua bao chi trong viec tham gia
bao ve quyen lai NLD
Cd the khang djnh rang, d mdi DN, chi khi Igi ich cua
NLD hai hoa vdi Igi ich cua DN thi mdi tao dugc sudn djnh,
ddng thuan, thdng nhat cung phat trien Vi vay, chUe nang
bao ve quyen Igi hgp phap cua NLD khdng chi la trach
nhiem ciJa CD va chinh quyen cac cap, cua cac co quan
chCre nang (trong do cd ca ca quan bao chf), ma cdn la
trach nhiem cua chfnh NSDLD Day la nen tang vUng chae
bao dam cho cac DN SX-KD d'n djnh va la yeu td quan
trgng de nen kinh te nude ta phat trien ben vUng
De bao ve quyen Igi cija NLD va xay dung mdi QHLD
hai hoa, trude het phai khang dinh vai trd cua cac cap
chfnh quyen, cac co quan chUe nang trong viec tang cudng
cdng tac kiem tra, thanh tra thudng xuyen cac DN trong
viec chap hanh Luat Lao ddng va Luat BHXH Phai cd
nhUng che tai thfch dang, du sUe ran de ddi vdi nhUng DN
khdng chap hanh nghiem Luat Lao ddng, Luat Cdng doan
Hien nay, nhUng DN bj phat hien keo dai thdi gian thCr viec
hoac khdng ky HDLD cho NLO cung chua bj xCr phat nghiem
minh Dd'i vdi cac DN bj phat hien khdng nop hoac cham
ndp BHXH va BHYT bat budc, ca quan chUe nang cung
chi cd quyen phat cao nhat la 20 trieu ddng d cac nude
cdng nghiep phat trien, phap luat lao ddng dugc thue hien
rat nghiem, DN vi pham bj xCr phat tdi nai tai ehd'n, nen mgi
DN deu phai tdn trgng phap luat lao ddng de tdn tai va
phat trien Chung ta chua lam dugc nhu thel Ve boat ddng
CD, do danh gia cao ve boat ddng cua td ehUe CD trong
thdi gian qua, Thu tudng Chinh phu da quyet djnh sira ddi
QO 53 cho thu 1 % kinh phi CD d cac DN FDI Viec xay nha
d cho cdng nhan, Chinh phu da va dang cd nhung chinh
sach uu dai cu the ve quy dat, cho phep tinh vao tai san cd
djnh cua DN, dugc khau hao de cac DN xay dung nha d
cho cdng nhan nham cai thien tinh trang khd khan ve nha
d cua NLD Ban than NLD cung can cd y thUe tim hieu Luat
Lao ddng de tu bao ve quyen Igi cua minh
Dd'i vdi CO quan bao chi, tuy chi tham gia vao qua trinh
bao ve quyen Igi NLD va xay dung mdi QHLD hai hoa, nhung tren thuc te vai trd cua nd lai rat quan trgng, thd' hien qua cac diem sau day:
Mot la, bao chi la mot kenh thong tin quan trgng tham gia vao qua trinh soan thao, xay dung luat phap, chinh sach lien quan den quyen Igi, nghia vu cua NLD
Nhung ndi dung, y kien gdp y cija mgi thanh phan tren dien dan va tinh hinh thue te ddi sdng NLD dugc bao ehi phan anh da giup cho cac nha hoach djnh chinh sach, phap luat CO them thdng tin de' lam tdt ban cdng vide hoach djnh, gdp phan lam cho chinh sach, phap luat phu hgp hon vdi thuc te ddi sdng Trong dgt siJa ddi, bd sung mot
sd dieu cua Bd luat Lao ddng cua Qude hdi va xay dung, ban hanh cac Nghi djnh, Thdng tu hudng dan thuc hien Bd luat Lao ddng cua Chinh phij va Bd LD-TB va XH trong thdi gian qua, cung nhu trong qua trinh sira dd'i Bd luat Lao ddng va Luat Cdng doan hien nay, bao ehi cua td ehUc CD
da md nhieu dien dan de cho cac tang Idp trong xa hdi tham gia gdp y, ddng gdp cho cac ca quan soan thao va Tdng LDLDVN nhieu y kien xac dang
Hai la, bao chi dong vai tro to Idn trong tuyen truyen, pho bien, giao due chinh sach phap luat lien quan den quyen Igi, nghla vu cua NLD cho dong dao CNLD, trong
do CO lue lugng lao dong a cac DN FDI
Ddi vdi CO quan bao ehi, viec tuyen truyen, giao due cho NLD hieu han ve Luat Lao ddng, Luat BHXH, cac chinh sach phap luat khac, la de NLD vUa thue hien tdt nghTa vu vUa biet dau tranh bao ve quyen Igi chinh dang cua minh, Bao ehi trong he thdng CD cung da lam tdt cdng tac nay Cu the nhu tren Bao Lao ddng, da md nhieu chuyen muc nhu
"Hdi dap phap luat", "Y kien doan vien", "Chung tdi len tieng", ,va md muc "Tu van phap luat" tren bao; Tap chi Bao
Hg Lao Ddng cd cac chuyen muc "ATVSV giai dap", "Gidi thieu van ban" thu hut nhieu luat su va cac chuydn gia phap luat tham gia hd trg phap ly mien phi cho NLD
Ba la, bao chi la mot kenh hudng dan, co vu, dong vien rat co hieu qua cho NLD, giup hg thuc thi dung quy dinh cua phap luat lao dong; thuc hien dung noi quy quy che trong DN, TULDTT
Mudn bao ve dugc quyen Igi NLD, xay dung mdi QHLD hai hoa thi trude het NLD phai chap hanh, thue hien day
du nghTa vu theo quy djnh cua phap luat lao ddng va ndi quy, quy che cija DN
Bon la, bao chi dong vai tro het sUc hOu hieu trong dau tranh vdi cac hanh vi xam hai den quyen Igi hgp phap, chinh dang cua NLD
Tren cac phuang tien thdng tin dai chung ndi chung
va bao chi trong he thdng CD ndi rieng thdi gian qua da dang tai rat nhieu thdng tin ve tranh chap lao ddng, dau
(Xem tiep trang 35)
Trang 4Thuc hidn phuang cham "4 tai chd" trong cdng tac PCLB:
chi huy, nhan lue, phuang tien va vat tu - cac don vi da chu
ddng trong ke hoach trang bj phuong tien thdng tin lien lac
De phdng tinh hudng xau nhat la xay ra mat dien, cac dan vj
sd dung ngudn ac quy tai chd, tai mdi tram vidn thdng Didn
lue BTS Neu mat dien tren 2 gid, se dugc bd tri nap ac quy
bang may phat tai chd hoac di ddng Phuang thUc van hanh
he thdng didn kd't hgp vdi he thdng thdng tin lidn lac trong
mua mua bao da dugc Phdng Dieu do thiet lap linh hoat cho
mgi tinh hudng, chu ddng van hanh he thdng bao dam cap
dien cho cac khu vuc phu tai quan trgng, uu tien
Can eU vao nhu ciu vat tu du phdng, sin sang thay
the cho he thdng ludi dien khi cd su cd, phdng vat tu Cty da
chu ddng chuan bi tU phuang tidn xe may van chuyen, den
cac dung cu trang bi cd nhan nhu: den pin, ung, ao mua,
ao phao, co sd thudc cUu thuong va dugc dua ve tan td
SX de cap phat cho CBCNV
Nhin chung, cac phuang an PCLB cua Cty Dien lue
Binh Djnh nam 2010 da ludng trude dugc nhdng tinh hudng
xau nhat, eo ban nhat vd dang dugc chi dao trien khai chu
dao Tuy nhien, khi lut bao da xay ra vdi nhdng didn bien
phdc tap thi phuang dn khac phuc cung da dugc dd cap
CN Cty Dien lue Binh Dinh kiem tra sira chCra dinh ky cac
may bien ap trude mua mua bao
ANH:V.T
Trong dd chu trgng vide tuan thu dung quy trinh xd ly su cd
vd dien, quy trinh, quy pham ky thuat an todn Trude khi ddng dien khdi phuc cac tuyen day cao dp, h a i p da cd lap trong con bao, phai nhat thiet thdng bao vdi chinh quyen hoac Ban quan ly dien dja phuong
Khi nhdng con mua diu mua da xuat hien vdi nhdng nguy co tiem d'n trong bao lut cd the xay ra trong nam
2010, phuang an PCLB cua Cty Dien lue Binh Djnh dang dugc trien khai mdt cdeh ddng bd, quyet liet, the hien trach nhidm cao cija CBCNV trong nhiem vu bao dam cao nhat
su lien tuc cua ngudn dien trong cude sdng cua nhan dan cQng nhu bao dam an toan cho mdi ngudi thg cua Cty tren tdng tuyen van hanh •
BAO CHI veil VAN DE
(Tiep theo trang 14)
tranh vdi nhung vi pham phap luat lao ddng cua DN, ke ca
DN FDI, giup bao ve quyen loi hop pbdp ve vide lam, tien luong, BHXH, BHYT, BHLD cho hang nghin NLO
Nam la, bao chi ddng vai trd quang ba, tuyen truyen,
CO vu cac DN lam an cd hieu qua, thuc hien nghiem tuc quy dinh cua phap luat lao dong, xay dung duac moi QHLD hai hoa, biet cham lo tdi ddi song NLD
Bao chi thuc su ddng vai trd la "ciu ndi" giUa NLO va
DN Xuat hidn nhieu nguy co bat dn trong mdi quan he lao ddng tai ede DN NOD va DN FDI nhu da ndi d tren khdng cd nghTa la khdng cd nhdng DN biet cham lo tdi quyen Igi cdng nhdn Cd nhieu DN NQD vd DN FDI v i n coi cham lo, dam bao quyen Igi NLD cung la cham lo phat trien ngudn nhan lue cua chinh minh, gdp phan dac lue de DN ngdy cang phat trien Cd the ke den nhdng DN nhu: XN Lien doanh Dau khi Vietsovpetro, Cty Honda Vietnam Tai ede KCX, KCN cua TR Hd Chi Minh, cac
DN NQD va DN FDI cua Nhat Ban va cac tap doan Idn,
CO thuang hieu manh chap hanh khd tdt Luat Lao ddng Die'n hinh la cac DN trong cac KCX: Tan Thuan, Linh Trung 1 hoac cac KCN: Tan Tao, Tan Thdi Hiep Nhdng
DN NQD va DN FDI quan tdm cham lo, dam bao quyen Igi cua NLD nhu vay da dugc tuyen truyen, cd vu tren cac phuong tidn thdng tin dai chung Vdi trdeh nhiem cua co quan bao chi dai dien cho tie'ng ndi cua td chdc CD va NLD, ngoai vide dau tranh manh me vdi nhdng hanh vi xam hai quyen Igi cdng nhan, bdo chi trong he thdng CD
da va dang gdp phan tuyen truyen, quang ba nhdng DN lam an cd hieu qua, biet cham lo cai thien DKLV va ddi sdng NLD Day chinh la mdt trong nhdng bien phap cd hieu qua gdp phan cung td chUe CD bao vd quyen va Igi ich hgp phap, chinh dang cua NLD.G