Education in dong anh district tradition and modernity giáo dục đông anh truyền thống và hiện đại

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI INSTITUTE OF VIETNAMESE STUDIES AND DEVELOPMENT SCIENCES VU THI NHU QUYNH EDUCATION IN DONG ANH DISTRICT TRADITION AND MODERNITY Master thesis of Vietnamese Studies Code : 60 31 60 Thesis supervisor: ASSOC.PROF TRAN NGOC VUONG HANOI – 2012 GUARANTEE I undersigned Vu Thi Nhu Quynh would like to guarantee that this thesis is my individual research under the scientific guidance and supervision of Associated Professor Dr Tran Ngoc Vuong I would like also to guarantee that all data and result in my research are honest and not identical with any research before The information in my research was cited clearly with due source Graduate Student Vu Thi Nhu Quynh ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am very grateful to Associate Professor Dr Tran Ngoc Vuong for his supervision, helping and guiding during my research I would like to express my thanks to Institute of Vietnamese studies and Development Sciences, we had good time, discussing, exchanging helpful knowledge I’m also very grateful to teachers, parents, students and other people in Dong Anh district for their helping and facilitate Finally, I would like to send a big thank to my family and friends for their support and encouragement Hanoi, November, 2012 Graduate Student Vu Thi Nhu Quynh CONTENTS INTRODUCTION Rationale Brief of related previous researches Objectives and tasks 11 Objects of the research 12 Scope of the research 12 Research methodology 12 The findings of the thesis 13 Structure of the thesis 13 CONTENT 14 Chapter 1: OVERVIEW OF DONG ANH DISTRICT AND ITS EDUCATION 14 1.1 Overview of Dong Anh district 14 1.1.1 Geography and history in Dong Anh 14 1.1.2 Economy in Dong Anh 19 1.1.3 Cultures in Dong Anh 21 1.2 Draft about education roadmap in Dong Anh Ha Noi 24 1.2.1 Traditional education 25 1.2.2 Modern education 26 Chapter 2: THE TRADITIONAL EDUCATION IN DONG ANH 29 2.1 Overview of traditional education in Dong Anh 29 2.1.1 Teacher – learner 29 2.1.2 Schooling systems and management 33 2.1.3 Learning content and examination 36 2.2 Achievements of traditional education 39 2.2.1 Many people in Dong Anh passed the national examinations 39 2.2.2 Many families, villages of court system of competition – examinations in Dong Anh 42 2.2.3 Graduates who had many contributions to the society 49 2.3 Traditional education affects much on the life 51 2.3.1 Traditional respect for teacher and study 51 2.3.2 Ancestor worship tradition 53 2.3.3 Marks in the cultural works 54 Chapter 3: THE MODERN EDUCATION IN DONG ANH 58 3.1 Some changes in modern education in Dong Anh 58 3.1.1 Teacher – learner 58 3.1.2 Schooling system and management 64 3.1.3 Learning content and examination 67 3.2 Achievements in the modern education 72 3.2.1 Kindergartens 72 3.2.2 Primary school 73 3.2.3 Secondary school 74 3.2.4 High school 75 3.2.5 Vocational training schools 76 3.3 Some existing issues 77 3.3.1 Career orientation depends on university examination results 78 3.3.2 Extra lessons 81 3.3.3 Violence at school 84 3.4 Some recommendations 84 3.4.1 New context for education 84 3.4.2 Recommendations for education in Dong Anh 85 CONCLUSION 91 REFERENTIAL LIST 93 APPENDIX 98 GLOSSARY No Words Bang nhan Meaning Second highest academic title in Dinh examination in Confucianism education Cu nhan The title for persons who pass the fourth test in Huong examination from 1828 Dinh The Confucian competition was organized in the yard examination of King’s palace Only person who passed Hoi examination was attend at Dinh examination Hoang giap The title for persons who got high result in the Dinh examination, after Trang nguyen, Bang nhan, Tham hoa Hoi The Confucian competition was organized in the Thang examination Long capital Only persons who passed the last test in Huong examination was attended at Hoi examination It included four tests like Huong examination Huong cong The title for persons who passed the fourth test in Huong examination before 1828 Huong The Confucian competition was organized in examination provinces It included four tests Pho bang The title for persons who did not passed the fourth test in Hoi examination and Dinh examination but getting high places in three former tests Tham hoa Third highest academic title in Dinh examination in Confucianism education 10 Tien si The title for persons who passed the Hoi examination and Dinh examination 11 Trang nguyen First highest academic title in Dinh examination in Confucianism education LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1: List of administrative units of Bac Ninh Province – Dong Anh foundation in the year 1867 14 Table 2.1: List of number of PhD as per commune name in Dong Anh 42 Table 2.2: List of village with system of competition examination in Dong Anh 44 Table 2.3: List of parallel sentence, horizontal lacquered board in Co Loa relic 56 Table 3.1: Teaching plan in primary school level 68 Table 3.2: Teaching plan at secondary school level 69 Table 3.3: Teaching plan for vocational level 70 Table 3.4: Comprehensive education quality of pupils 73 Table 3.5: Comprehensive education quality of pupils of secondary school 74 Table 3.6: Graduate results of secondary schools 74 LIST OF CHARTS Chart 2.1: Diagram about rate of districts in Thang Long Ha Noi with above 35 PhD 40 Chart 2.2: Diagram of generations in Nguyen Thuc family passing the examination 43 Chart 3.1: Sum of kindergarten pupils and teacher in Kindergarten in Dong Anh in the year 2009 - 2011 59 Chart 3.2: Diagram of Grade pupils from 2008 to 2011 61 Chart 3.3: Diagram of kindergarten children following age in Đong Anh district in 2011 71 INTRODUCTION Rationale Education is one of the most meaningful activities for the development of each country The old people say, “For the benefits for 10 years, it is required to educate people” Such short saying reminds the future generation about the importance of education for the decadence and prosperity of each country A PhD in Le Dynasty said that “Talented and righteous are the lifesustaining element of the nation The country is strong and wealthy only when the life-sustaining element is prosperous On the contrary, the country is weak and humble when the life-sustaining element is decadent Therefore, the kings always consider the education of talent, selection of scholar and education and nourishment of nation’s life-sustaining element necessary” The old people appreciate the education in such way Nowadays, in the context of global integration, the education is increasingly pressing In addition to the achievements that are prided, the current education in our country remains many disadvantages such as overloaded program, examination pressure, lots of extra lessons, school violence, negative teaching and education methodologies, etc Before such challenges, it is required to research from the generation of traditional times to the current moment to see the process It also needs the comparison to see the changes Therefore, it can be seen some issues in the current time This is the key to find out the solution for the new education and the basis for the current education review Education is not only meaningful for the development but also influential to the nation culture and leaves a remark on the cultural elements Dong Anh district located in the north and separated from Ha Noi by Hong River is rich in culture of traditional works, relics, traditional arts and unique foods Saying about Dong Anh means mention about the land, which was 50 Kim Quy pagoda Xuan Non Luong Quy pagoda 51 Giao Quang pagoda Xuan Non Xuan Non pagoda 52 Tien Canh pagoda Nguyen Khe Nguyen Khe pagoda 53 Tien Do Phuc Nguyen Khe Lam Tien pagoda 54 Canh Phuc pagoda Dong Hoi Lai Đong Anh pagoda 55 Hoang Kim pagoda Dong Hoi Dong Ngan pagoda 56 Phuc Linh pagoda Dong Hoi Tien Hoi pagoda 57 Phuc Duyen pagoda Mai Lam Loc Ha pagoda 58 Phuc Dien pagoda Mai Lam Thai Binh pagoda 59 Hung Thuan pagoda Mai Lam Le Xa pago pagoda 60 Dien Phuc pagoda Mai Lam Phuc Tho pagoda 61 Nam Bao pagoda Mai Lam Du ngoai pagoda 62 Phuc Lam pagoda Mai Lam Du noi pagoda 63 Sung Phuc pagoda Viet Hung Gia Loc pagoda 64 Phuc Huong pagoda Viet Hung Dong village pagoda 65 Kien Duong pagoda Viet Hung Trung village pagoda 66 Van Linh pagoda Viet Hung Van Tri pagoda 67 Quan Am pagoda Xuan Canh Xuan Canh pagoda 68 Di Lac pagoda Xuan Canh Van Hoach pagoda 69 Linh Thong pagoda Xuan Canh Luc Canh pagoda 70 Linh Thong pagoda Xuan Canh Van Loc pagoda 71 Ngoc Tri pagoda Xuan Canh Van Thuong pagoda 72 An Linh pagoda Lien Ha Ha Huong pagoda 73 Dai Bi pagoda Lien Ha Ha Vy pagoda 74 Linh Quang pagoda Lien Ha Lo Khe pagoda 75 Vien Thong pagoda Van Ha Thiet Ung pagoda 112 76 Hung Phuc pagoda Van Ha Thiet Binh pagoda 77 Linh Quang pagoda Van Ha Ha Khe pagoda 78 Linh Thong pagoda Tien Duong Trung Oai pagoda 79 Bao Khanh pagoda Tien Duong Co Duong pagoda 80 Quang Vien pagoda Tien Duong Luong No pagoda 81 Thien Bao pagoda Tien Duong Tien Kha pagoda 82 Linh Quang pagoda Tien Duong Tuan Le pagoda 83 Phap Linh pagoda Tien Duong Le Phap pagoda [10, page 184-221] 113 Confucianism private school in Thang Long Dynasty Ly Name Bai An Unknown Teacher Ly Cong Ẩn Tran Ich Tac Famous students Ly Thuong Kiet Trang nguyen Mac Đinh Chi Bui Phong Tran Huynh Cung Chu Van An Tien si Unknown Nguyen Đinh Trụ Le Hao Nam Tham hoa Vu Thanh Phuong Am Nguyen Family in Phu Thi Village Quan Hoa Huong cong Nguyen Cong Thinh Pham Su Manh Le Quat Tien si Nguyen Đinh Bach Tham hoa Nguyen Đinh Y Unknown Tien si Trinh Ba Tuong Tien si Le Hoan Vien Unknown 114 Remarks This is the earliest private school of Confucianism education Viet Nam There were many students in this private school because its tuition is free This school was opened from 1324 – 1329, before time that he became principal of Quoc Tu Giam The school was opened after he got fired in 1964 He taught thousands of students among which there are 70 students passing the examination Tien si Ha Tong Quyen Tien si Unknown Pham Quy Thich Unknown Ho Đinh Tien si Vu Tong Phan Pho bang Nguyen Van Sieu Huong cong Unknown Pham Hoi Tien si Vu Tong Phan Tien si Nguyen Tu Gian Le Đinh Dien Ngo Van Dang Nguyen Phuong Đinh Pho bang Nguyen Van Sieu Xuan Quy To Tich This school played an important part in reviving Thang Long culture movement for years survival Unknown In addition to educational function, many activities in reviving Thang Long culture movement were organized at this school This school is one of the schools which keeping many lectures, textbooks and student’s writing There are many persons passing the examinations in this school They set their teacher’s textbooks and writing then publishing them Bang nhan Pham Thanh Tien si Nguyen Van Thang Tien si Chu Duy , Tan Pho bang Thanh Ngoc Uẩn 115 Cu nhan Unknown Nguyen Huy Đức Tien Song Cu nhan Ngo Van Dang Luong Van Can This school existed during the time that French started their invasion to 1884 Unknown This school existed for about 21 years It had an important part in reviving and developing Thang Long culture Nguyen Thu Nguyen Le Hoang giap Cuc Hien Le Đinh Nguyen Chẩn Dien Pham Van Nghi Cao Duy Thanh This school is one of the most famous private schools in Hanoi at the end of the 19th century It was also one of the last private Confucian schools with great success [11, page 77] 116 PICTURES Map of Dong Anh district in Ha Noi, 2012 (Source: Internet) 117 Map of the vicinity of Thang Long capital (Source: Internet) 118 The pen of student in the traditional education (Source: Internet) Teacher and learner in the traditional education (Source: Internet) Watching the result in the traditional education (Source: Internet) 119 Parallel sentence and Horizontal lacquered board in Thuong temple (Source: Author) Parallel sentence and Horizontal lacquered board in ancient house in Co Loa commune (Source: Author) 120 The current education system in Viet Nam (Source: Internet) Co Loa Kindergarten (Source: Author) 121 Co Loa Secondary school (Source: Author) The starting new school-year Ceremony at Co Loa High school (Source: Internet) 122 Physical education class (Source: Author) School yard in the beak time (Source: Author) 123 Canteen for teachers at Co Loa High school (Source: Author) Canteen for pupils at Co Loa High school (Source: Author) 124 Trees in the school yard (Source: Author) The transport of pupils (Source: Author) 125 Achievement of Lien Ha High School (Source: Author) A teacher is volunteering activity in her hometown (Source: Author) 126 ... about Dong Anh and its education Chapter 2: The traditional education in Dong Anh Chapter 3: The modern education in Dong Anh 13 CONTENT Chapter 1: OVERVIEW ABOUT DONG ANH DISTRICT AND ITS EDUCATION. .. family in Thai Binh village, etc., there was no family in Co Loa In the list of people passing interprovincial competition-examination in Dong Anh District specified in the book Dong Anh and Thousands... communes of Tu Son district, Bac Ninh province – communes and villages in the eastern side of current Dong Anh – into Dong Anh, formerly called Dong Anh district In the year 1961: Dong Anh was officially