Education in Dong Anh district - tradition and modernity = Giáo dục Đông Anh - Truyền thống và hiện đại
VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI INSTITUTE OF VIETNAMESE STUDIES AND DEVELOPMENT SCIENCES VU THI NHU QUYNH EDUCATION IN DONG ANH DISTRICT - TRADITION AND MODERNITY Master thesis of Vietnamese Studies Code : 60 31 60 Thesis supervisor: ASSOC.PROF TRAN NGOC VUONG HANOI – 2012 GUARANTEE I undersigned Vu Thi Nhu Quynh would like to guarantee that this thesis is my individual research under the scientific guidance and supervision of Associated Professor Dr. Tran Ngoc Vuong. I would like also to guarantee that all data and result in my research are honest and not identical with any research before. The information in my research was cited clearly with due source. Graduate Student Vu Thi Nhu Quynh ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am very grateful to Associate Professor. Dr. Tran Ngoc Vuong for his supervision, helping and guiding during my research. I would like to express my thanks to Institute of Vietnamese studies and Development Sciences, we had good time, discussing, exchanging helpful knowledge. I’m also very grateful to teachers, parents, students and other people in Dong Anh district for their helping and facilitate. Finally, I would like to send a big thank to my family and friends for their support and encouragement. Hanoi, November, 2012 Graduate Student Vu Thi Nhu Quynh 1 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 6 1. Rationale 6 2. Brief of related previous researches 7 3. Objectives and tasks 11 4. Objects of the research 12 5. Scope of the research 12 6. Research methodology 12 7. The findings of the thesis 13 8. Structure of the thesis 13 CONTENT 14 Chapter 1: OVERVIEW OF DONG ANH DISTRICT AND ITS EDUCATION 14 1.1. Overview of Dong Anh district 14 1.1.1. Geography and history in Dong Anh 14 1.1.2. Economy in Dong Anh 19 1.1.3. Cultures in Dong Anh 21 1.2. Draft about education roadmap in Dong Anh Ha Noi 24 1.2.1. Traditional education 25 1.2.2. Modern education 26 Chapter 2: THE TRADITIONAL EDUCATION IN DONG ANH 29 2.1. Overview of traditional education in Dong Anh 29 2.1.1. Teacher – learner 29 2.1.2. Schooling systems and management 33 2.1.3. Learning content and examination 36 2.2. Achievements of traditional education 39 2.2.1. Many people in Dong Anh passed the national examinations 39 2.2.2. Many families, villages of court system of competition – examinations in Dong Anh 42 2 2.2.3. Graduates who had many contributions to the society 49 2.3. Traditional education affects much on the life 51 2.3.1. Traditional respect for teacher and study 51 2.3.2. Ancestor worship tradition 53 2.3.3. Marks in the cultural works 54 Chapter 3: THE MODERN EDUCATION IN DONG ANH 58 3.1. Some changes in modern education in Dong Anh 58 3.1.1. Teacher – learner 58 3.1.2. Schooling system and management 64 3.1.3. Learning content and examination 67 3.2. Achievements in the modern education 72 3.2.1. Kindergartens 72 3.2.2. Primary school 73 3.2.3. Secondary school 74 3.2.4. High school 75 3.2.5. Vocational training schools 76 3.3. Some existing issues 77 3.3.1. Career orientation depends on university examination results 78 3.3.2. Extra lessons 81 3.3.3. Violence at school 84 3.4. Some recommendations 84 3.4.1. New context for education 84 3.4.2. Recommendations for education in Dong Anh 85 CONCLUSION 91 REFERENTIAL LIST 93 APPENDIX 98 INTRODUCTION 1. Rationale Education is one of the most meaningful activities for the development of each country. The old people say, “For the benefits for 10 years, it is required to educate people”. Such short saying reminds the future generation about the importance of education for the decadence and prosperity of each country. A PhD in Le Dynasty said that “Talented and righteous are the life-sustaining element of the nation. The country is strong and wealthy only when the life- sustaining element is prosperous. On the contrary, the country is weak and humble when the life-sustaining element is decadent. Therefore, the kings always consider the education of talent, selection of scholar and education and nourishment of nation’s life-sustaining element necessary”. The old people appreciate the education in such way. Nowadays, in the context of global integration, the education is increasingly pressing. In addition to the achievements that are prided, the current education in our country remains many disadvantages such as overloaded program, examination pressure, lots of extra lessons, school violence, negative teaching and education methodologies, etc. Before such challenges, it is required to research from the generation of traditional times to the current moment to see the process. It also needs the comparison to see the changes. Therefore, it can be seen some issues in the current time. This is the key to find out the solution for the new education and the basis for the current education review. Education is not only meaningful for the development but also influential to the nation culture and leaves a remark on the cultural elements. Dong Anh district located in the north and separated from Ha Noi by Hong River is rich in culture of traditional works, relics, traditional arts and unique foods. Saying about Dong Anh means mention about the land, which was twice capital location from An Duong Vuong dynasty to Ngo Quyen. Dong Anh is also the place closely linked with Thang Long Ha Noi in all historical phases from the days against Northern invader to two wars against French and American and current modernization phase. With such features, the research about Dong Anh, especially the inter-industry researches about education contributes to the traditional culture treasures of Thang Long land that is very rich in the historical thousands of years, at the same time, gives us an additional feature to recognize Dong Anh in the district system in Thang Long, Ha Noi. Viet Nam Studies enable the favorable conditions for the researcher to get access to the inter-industry issues at a specific location that is suitable for clarification of education in Dong Anh. Therefore, the writer selects the topic: “Education in Dong Anh district – Tradition and modernity”. 2. Brief of related previous researches There are many studies about Confucianism in Thang Long via Confucian issues in Dong Anh; however, there is no specialized study about education activities in Dong Anh. There is no work about tokens of educational activities under the view of comparison of past and present. Almost works describe education in Dong Anh under the manner of studying the educational achievements in village and communes’ scope or historical phase. Dong Anh with Thang Long Ha Noi Thousands of years is the giant book in the book library about Thang Long Ha Noi thousands of years executed by Dong Anh district party committee – people’s council – people’s committee and historical researchers. The book introduces the overview about traditions of culture, history and revolution in Dong Anh District for more than two thousand years in the nation foundation and defense. It is calculated since the dynasties of Hung King, nearly one thousand years under Northern invader, feudal dynasties and two wars against French and American and years of comprehensive changes from the innovation starting from VI Party Congress. The Confucianism education in Dong Anh is described lively, detailed and comprehensively in Part I – Chapter 3 of this book. The book lists out the number of persons passing as per the duration, hometown, profile and merits of people passing the pre-court competition examination. The writer states the villages, families of system of competition- examinations in Dong Anh clearly with the accurate evidences. This writing can be seen as the systematic part about education in Dong Anh district based on the book Education about Confucianism system of former competition – examinations Thang Long Ha Noi of Bui Xuan Dinh. However, the writer pays much attention to listing out the figures without analysis of such figures. The modern education in Dong Anh has not been rolled out similarly to the part about Confucianism tradition that makes the reader not have the general view about education in Dong Anh from the tradition to the modern aspect. The study about Viet Nam education for long phases after the year of 1917 – present, many works indicates the features, achievements of new education as per each historical period. Some works can be listed out such as Viet Nam Education in contemporary period of Phan Trong Bau, Viet Nam Education at the threshold of XXI century of Pham Minh Hac, Viet Nam Education History before September 1945 Revolution of Nguyen Dang Tien, Viet Nam Education History of Bui Minh Hien. As per this study tendency, there is no work about the periods and achievements about education in Dong Anh District. The history shows that many works get access and clarify the content of learning and examination of Confucianism of former students in Thang Long in general and Dong Anh in particular. Many other works summarize the new education achievements from the year of 1917 to present. However, the tendency about comparing the educational activities in the past and present to see the changes is still new and required to be explored in the incoming duration. From such changes, we can obtain the explanations for some existing issues in the current education. On such basis, it is possible to suggest some proposals. This urges the writer to further find out to build up more knowledge and complete the thesis topic “Education in Dong Anh district – Tradition and modernity”. 3. Objectives and tasks Through this study, the writer wants to have an overview about education in Dong Anh from the past to the present, especially the changes in the education activities in Dong Anh – Ha Noi via two typical phases: before the year 1917 and after the year 2000 to now. From the changes in the education activities, the researcher identifies some existing issues in current education and suggests some proposals for building up a modernization education in Dong Anh in particular and in Viet nam in general. 4. Objects of the research Objects of the research are the educational activities in Dong Anh district in two phases: - Before the year 1917: traditional training phase - From the year 1917 to present: modern education phase In the year of 1917 when the French issues the system of education about general rules, the modern education was established with the new features about program, schools, classes, management system, organization and regulations about teacher and learner. 5. The findings of the thesis With the topic “Education in Dong Anh district – Tradition and modernity”, the writer wants to have a detailed view about each aspect in the education in Dong Anh and see the impacts from such changes on achievements and limitations of education in Dong Anh and its impacts on the cultural life of Dong Anh people. CONTENT Chapter 1: GENERAL OVER VIEW ABOUT DONG ANH AND ITS EDUCATION 1.1. Overview about Dong Anh District Basing on the establishment process of Dong Anh District since the year of 1876, it can be seen that Dong Anh is master planned mainly from Dong Ngan, Tu Son District of Bac Ninh Province and a part of Yen Lang District of Son Tay Province. Therefore, it can be seen that Dong Anh is the cultural junction of Kinh bac and former Doai – that is the ancient land rich in the tradition, culture and especially the studious tradition. Near the capital Thang Long, Tu Son has been very famous for the place with hundreds of industries and people always hardworking and eager to learn. According to the book Bac Ninh Geography book of Mr. Do Trong Vinh and Court Charter Book of Mr. Phan Huy Chu, “In Tu Son district, in the old days, Dong Ngan has been the place famous for the culture ever”. Compared to the number of people passing the Pre-court competition-examinations, here is the place that always stands the top list. In a family and clan, the member takes part in the competition in series and brings the glory to the village. The saying “The fool in Dong Ngan is better than the good one in the world” has been handed down in order to appreciate the tradition of pre-court competition examinations herein. There are many other things through generations about the person passing with the pride. The names connected with many glories such as Hoang Giap Duong, Van Dan, Tham Hoa Vuong Khac Thuat, hoang Giap Nguyen Tu Gian, etc shall be always the encouragement for the later generations. However, there are not so many achievements about pre-court competition examinations as in Dong Ngan, the historian Mr. Phan Huy Chu appreciates Yen Lang District of Son Tay province like the famous place in Doai area – it is one of the rare areas for good geography and talented people and put into the immortal literature. Many sages of Thang Long were born here such as Ngo Quyen and Phung Hung. Especially, the legends, folk mythology about Tan Mountain, Da River with Tan Vien ruler ranking the lead, famous geographic name such as Van Phuc Silk Area, La Khe, Nhi Khe Wood, Chang Wood handicraft village, etc have increasingly made this area have more supernatural power. Despite being a small part of Doai area, Yen Lang brings the supernatural value for this area. Therefore, it can be seen that being located in the junction of two areas Doai – Bac, Dong Anh is a part of Thang Long – Ha Noi with many cultural features of Doai Area impacted from Thang Long culture and vice versa. The cultural quintessence’s Kinh Bac have made Thang Long more diverse. From this centre, Kinh Bac has received many unique values. The long lasting cultures have been adhered and created the traditions for Dong Anh area. One of such precious traditions is the studious. In general, in the feudal period, Dong Anh has 56 Confucianism PhD, hundreds of interprovincial competition examination persons, bachelors, high school graduate, etc. They are the people who devote all their talent and souls to serve the country and they are respected, worshiped, and praised in the history. Moving to the modern period, Dong Anh has made many contributions to the country with two greatest writers including Mr. Ngo Tat To, Mr. Nguyen Huy Tuong and many other scholars. The economy in Dong Anh District has been developed and brought about series of positive changes in life. The investment in education is also enhanced better. The school system in Dong Anh is increasingly spacious. The education support equipments are [...]... the district is Dong Anh Education and Training Board This is the specialized organ directly under Dong Anh District People’s Committee and has the function to consult and support the district People’s committee to carry the state management function regarding education and training; carries out some tasks and rights as per the authorization and directives of Dong Anh District Training & Education Department... passing the pre-court of competition examination in Thang Long Ha Noi, standing after Thuong Tin at rate of 9,61% It can be said that this is the proud figure Despite the suburd districts, Thuong Tin & Dong Anh led the performances in the traditional education in Thang Long The people passing the examinaition in Dong Anh have contributed to the country With the philology of learning to be the mandarin,... dynasty, Dong Anh always the participants involved in the examination and passed the examination The villages of competition examinations, family with participants in passing the examination in Dong Anh have been recorded in the roll of honor and be the pride for Dong Anh people It can be said that the achievements at those periods have come along and nourished the determinations and willingness of learning... learn, enrich the traditions better and better 1.2 Draft about education roadmap in Dong Anh Ha Noi Dong Anh people always pride about their learning and examination passing tradition The education rich in good performances from establishment date to now has passed through many phases Each phase is linked with the ups and downs of nation history 1.2.1 Traditional training In the scope of writing study, the... etc In the statistic table, the court villages in Thang Long Ha Noi of writer Bui Xuan Dinh, Dong Anh has 5 villages including van Diem, Ha Lo, Cu Trinh, Thai Binh and Du Noi meanwhile other district such as Tu Liem, Thanh Tri has only 4 communes 2.3 Traditional education affects much on the life 2.3.1 Traditional respect for teacher and study The traditional education in Dong Anh has not only obtained... In the traditional education, the book Dong Anh with thousands years Thang Long Ha Noi in the page 12 6-1 27 listed details of number of people passing the examination in Dong Anh via periods and set that figure in the relation with Thang Long capital According to this book, Dong Anh is the district with total number of PhD passing examinations high at second ranking in total of 29 districts of Ha Noi... also the remind about the tasks for the current and future educators With the topic Education in Dong Anh district – Tradition and modernity , the writer tries to understand the changes about education activities in Dong Anh via many historical periods and at the same time focus on study and analysis of the impacts from such changes to the socio-economic culture in Dong Anh The achievements and limitation... implemented In the recent years, Dong Anh is always the top flag in the education of Ha noi The achievements of modern education in Dong Anh are shown in many achievements of different grades with specific figures 3.3 Some existing issues Although Dong Anh has many achievements, it remains some limitations Such issues are not only of the education in Dong Anh In order to further understand those existing issues,... country but not any province selected Three or four provinces organize examination at one place The examiners in Dong Anh come to Thang Long to take part in the examination Two later examinations are second degree examination and court examination; the pupils national wide gather in the capital to take part in the examination and learners in Dong Anh is not unexceptional All examinations are aimed at... certain assessment about education activities in Dong Anh more accurately and deeper At the same time, the writer is very devoted with the system of building the learning society basing on the schooling culture that is the self-study Especially, if having the condition for deeper study, the writer shall focus on exploring the advantages and limitations of traditional education in Dong Anh in building . history in Dong Anh 14 1.1.2. Economy in Dong Anh 19 1.1.3. Cultures in Dong Anh 21 1.2. Draft about education roadmap in Dong Anh Ha Noi 24 1.2.1. Traditional education 25 1.2.2. Modern education. findings of the thesis With the topic Education in Dong Anh district – Tradition and modernity , the writer wants to have a detailed view about each aspect in the education in Dong Anh and. TRADITIONAL EDUCATION IN DONG ANH 29 2.1. Overview of traditional education in Dong Anh 29 2.1.1. Teacher – learner 29 2.1.2. Schooling systems and management 33 2.1.3. Learning content and